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The electromagnetic coupling between the Galilean satellites at Jupiter and the planetary ionosphere generates an auroral footprint, whose ultimate source is the relative velocity between the moons and the corotating magnetospheric plasma. The footprint can be detected in the infrared L band (3.3-3.6 microns) by the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) onboard the Juno spacecraft, which can observe the footprint position with high precision. Here, we report the JIRAM data acquired since August 27th 2016 until May 23rd 2022, corresponding to the first 42 orbits of Juno. The dataset is used to compute the average position of the footprint tracks of Io, Europa and Ganymede. The result of the present analysis can help to test the reliability of magnetic field models, to calibrate ground-based observations and to highlight episodes of variability in the footprint positions, which in turn can point out specific conditions of the Jovian magnetospheric environment.

Turbulent pipe flow is still an essentially open area of research, boosted in the last two decades by considerable progress achieved both on the experimental and numerical frontiers, mainly related to the identification and characterization of coherent structures as basic building blocks of turbulence. It has been a challenging task, however, to detect and visualize these coherent states. We address, by means of stereoscopic particle image velocimetry, that issue with the help of a large diameter (6 inches) pipe loop, which allowed us to probe for coherent states at various moderate Reynolds numbers (5300 < Re < 29000)). Although these states have been observed at flow regimes around laminar-turbulent transition (Re $\approx$ 2300) and also at high Reynolds number pipe flow (Re $\approx$ 35000), at moderate Reynolds numbers their existence had not been observed yet by experiment. By conditionally averaging the flow fields with respect to their dominant azimuthal wavenumber of streamwise velocity streaks, we have been able to uncover the existence of ten well-defined coherent flow patterns. It turns out, as a remarkable phenomenon, that their occurrence probabilities and the total number of dominant modes do not essentially change as the Reynolds number is varied. Their occurrence probabilities are noted to be reasonably well described by a Poisson distribution, which suggests that low-speed streaks are created as a Poisson process on the pipe circular geometry., 9 pages, 14 Figures

We develop an improved lattice-Boltzmann numerical scheme to solve magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in the regime of low magnetic Reynolds numbers, grounded on the central-moment (CM) and multi-relaxation-time (MRT) collision models. The simulation of the magnetic induction equation within the lattice-Boltzmann approach to MHD has been usually devised along the lines of the simplest phenomenological description—the single relaxation time (SRT) model to solve the complete induction equation. In order to deal with well-known stability difficulties of the SRT framework for larger magnetic relaxation time scales, we introduce, alternatively, a MRT technique for the solution of the magnetic induction equation, which proves to be efficient in extending the domain of applicability of the lattice-Boltzmann method to MHD problems. We also put forward a novel and practical boundary condition method to cope with the subtleties of magnetic Boltzmann-like distributions on curved boundaries. As supporting applications, we discuss the performance of the CM–MRT algorithm to describe the complex dynamics of the 3D Orszag–Tang vortex problem and open issues related to transient flow regimes in MHD pipe flows, subject to uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields.

We discuss the role of particular velocity field configurations -- instantons, for short -- which are supposed to dominate the flow during the occurrence of extreme turbulent circulation events. Instanton equations, devised for the stochastic hydrodynamic setup of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, are applied to the interpretation of direct numerical simulation results. We are able in this way to model the time evolution of extreme circulation events for a broad range of scales, through the combined use of eddy viscosity phenomenology and exact creeping instantons. While this approach works well for the core of circulation instantons, it fails to describe their tails. In order to overcome this difficulty, we put forward a numerical treatment of the axisymmetric instanton equations. Circulation instantons are then found to have a surprising topological structure, which consists of a system of paired counter-rotating vortex rings centered around the symmetry axis of a background axisymmetric vortical flow.

The small-scale statistical properties of velocity circulation in classical homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flows are assessed through a modeling framework that brings together the multiplicative cascade and the structural descriptions of turbulence. We find that vortex structures exhibit short-distance repulsive correlations, which is evidenced when they are "tomographically" investigated, by means of planar cuts of the flow, as two-dimensional vortex gases. This phenomenon is suggested from model improvements which allow us to obtain an accurate multiscale description of the intermittent fluctuations of circulation. Its crucial new ingredient, the conjectured hard disk behavior of the effective planar vortices, is then found to be strongly supported from a study of their spatial distributions in direct numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations.

The Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) onboard the NASA Juno mission monitored the evolution of Jupiter’s polar cyclones since their first observation ever in February 2017. Data acquired by JIRAM have revealed cloudy cyclones organized in a complex, yet stable geometrical pattern at both poles. Several studies have investigated the dynamics and the structure of these cyclones, to understand the physical mechanisms behind their formation and evolution. In this work, we present vorticity maps deduced from the wind fields for the region poleward of ∼−80°, which has been extensively covered over the last four years of observations. The cyclonic features related to the stable polar cyclones are embedded in a slightly, but diffused anticyclonic circulation, in which short-living anticyclones emerge with respect to the surroundings. Although the general stability of both the cyclones and the whole system is strongly confirmed by this work, variations in the shape of the vortices, as well as changes in the local structures, have been observed.

The regular polygons of circumpolar cyclones, discovered by Juno in 2017, are one of the most puzzling features of Jupiter. Here we show new recent global pictures of the North polar cyclones' structure. These are the first simultaneous images of the whole structure since 2017, and we find that it remained almost unperturbed, just like the South one. The observation of these long-lasting structures poses questions regarding the formation mechanism of cyclones, and on their vertical structure. Data by Juno/JIRAM infrared camera collected over the last 5 years show that cyclones migrate around what may seem like equilibrium positions, with timescales of a few months but, aside from that, the cyclones systems are very stable. Our analysis of the observations shows that the motion of cyclones around their equilibrium position is uncorrelated with their position if a barotropic approximation (β-drift) is assumed. Thus, a different dynamical explanation than the barotropic β-drift is needed to explain the stability of the observed features. Each cyclone has a peculiar morphology, which differs from the others and is stable over the observed lapse of time in most cases.

Juno discovered the circumpolar cyclones polygons on Jupiter in 2017. Fundamental questions regarding Jovian cyclogenesis concern the formation mechanism and whether these cyclones are deep or shallow. Recent data by Juno/JIRAM infrared camera show that any change is an extremely unlikely event on an annual scale. Only once, in 2019, a sixth cyclone joined the pentagonal structure in the South, but it disappeared after 2 months without merging with the pre-existing cyclones; disappearance or creation of stable cyclones has never been observed. Additionally, the rotation speeds of the north and south polygons as a whole are not compatible with the shallow hypothesis; both structures drift at a much smaller rate than the typical scale velocities on Jupiter surface, and differ at the two poles. Cyclones oscillate around what may seem like equilibrium positions, and these oscillations tend to propagate from one cyclone to another. These oscillations have almost equal timescales, and here we investigate the possible implications of such similarity.

NASA's Juno spacecraft has been orbiting Jupiter since August 2016, providing unprecedented insights into the giant planet's atmosphere. The Jupiter Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) experiment on board Juno has made spectroscopic observations of the trihydrogen cation (H3+) emissions in both northern and southern auroral regions (Dinelli et al., 2017; Adriani et al., 2017; Mura et al., 2017) and at mid-to-low latitudes (this paper). Observations targeting the limb of the planet from 60° North to 60° South latitudes were acquired with JIRAM's spectrometer in August 2016 and March 2017. We use these observations to characterize, for the first time, the vertical distribution of the H3+ emissions as a function of latitude across Jupiter's dayside. H3+ emission features in the 3-4 μm spectral band were used to retrieve the H3+ volume mixing ratio (VMR) and atmospheric temperatures as a function of altitude. The H3+ density profile has a quasi-symmetric distribution with latitude, decreasing from 5 × 104 cm-3 at 300 km to 2 × 103 cm-3 at 650 km altitude above the 1-bar level (column densities of 3.5 × 1012 cm-2 to 1.4 × 1011 cm-2, assuming a 700 km column depth). The H3+ VMR is higher in the Southern hemisphere than in the North with values at 500 km of 4 × 10-4 ppmv at 40°N and 8 × 10-4 ppmv at 40°S. Retrieved temperatures increase almost monotonically with increasing altitude, hovering around 400 K at 300 km and >900 K at about 700 km.

Realizamos um sobrevoo abrangente sobre a teoria estatística da turbulência, com a preocupação de embasá-la em noções importantes e consolidadas da dinâmica de fluidos, antes de nos aprofundarmos em discussões de modelos mais específicos, sujeitos a debates contemporâneos. A complexidade da turbulência traduz-se, na chamada abordagem estrutural, como o desafio de compreender, a partir da dinâmica de tubos de vorticidade, o transporte de energia das grandes para as pequenas escalas do escoamento, no limite singular de viscosidade nula. Propriedades estatísticas da cascata de energia, como o fenômeno da intermitência, são modeladas por meio de narrativas aparentemente diversas, associadas a processos estocásticos multiplicativos e, alternativamente, à formulação multifractal do espectro de singularidades do campo de velocidade turbulento. A síntese, fundamentação de primeiros princípios e integração dessas duas visões de modelagem à abordagem estrutural forma o corpo essencial das dificuldades teóricas atuais da turbulência. We give a broad overview of the statistical theory of turbulence, carefully basing it on important and consolidated notions of fluid dynamics, before going deeper into the discussion of specific models, prone to contemporary debates. In the so-called structural approach, the complexity of turbulence is perceived as the challenge to understand, from the point of view of vortex tubes dynamics, energy transport from large to small scales in the vanishing viscosity limit. The statistical properties of the energy cascade, such as the intermittency phenomenon, are modelled through seemingly diverse narratives associated to multiplicative stochastic processes or, alternatively, to the multifractal formulation of the singularity spectrum of the turbulent velocity field. The synthesis, the foundation from first principles and the integration of these two modelling strategies with the structural approach build up the essence of current theoretical challenges in turbulence.

JIRAM (the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper) is an infrared camera andspectrometer on board Juno. JIRAM operates in the 2-5 μm spectralrange and is built to observe both Jupiter's infrared aurora and itsatmosphere. Since 2016, JIRAM has performed several observations ofthe polar regions of the planet, thanks to the unique orbital designof the Juno mission. In the north polar region, Juno discovered, in2017, the presence of an eight-cyclone structure around a single polarcyclone; to the south, a polar cyclone is surrounded by fivecircumpolar cyclones. The stability of these structures has beenmonitored for almost 4 years. Recent observations, made at the end of2019, showed that the configuration of the South Pole has temporarilychanged: the structure moved in a hexagon for a few months, beforereturning to its original pentagonal shape. To the north, there aresignificant hints that the octagonal shape may have been lost for asimilar period of time.We find that all cyclones show a very slow, westward drift as a rigidensemble, and, in addition, they oscillate around their rest positionwith similar timescales. These oscillations seem to propagate fromcyclone to cyclone. The implications of these transient deviationsfrom the symmetrical forms, which appear to be an apparent conditionof equilibrium, are discussed.

The Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) on board the Juno spacecraft, is equipped with an infrared camera and a spectrometer working in the spectral range 2-5 μm. JIRAM was built to study both the infrared aurora of Jupiter and its atmosphere. The imager observations are used for studying atmospheric dynamical structures, while spectroscopic ones are used for studying atmospheric dynamical structures and for investigating the abundance of some chemical species relevant for the atmosphere’s chemistry, microphysics and dynamics, such as water, ammonia, phosphine, germane and arsine.Since the orbit insertion, JIRAM has performed several observations of the planet from the equator to poles. Unprecedented views of the polar atmospheric structures have been acquired for the 1st time thanks to the unique orbital design of the Juno mission. Spectral measurements provided the opportunity to measure abundances of minor atmospheric species at all latitudes down to pressures of 4-5 bars. Limb observations at the low latitudes permit to probe abundances of methane and trihydrogen cation in the stratosphere and the thermosphere of the planet. In the north polar region, Juno discovered, in 2016, the presence of a regular eight-cyclone structure around a single polar cyclone; in the south, one polar cyclone is encircled by five circumpolar cyclones. Now, recent observations, performed in late 2019, showed that this configuration has significantly changed: the south structure is now more similar to a hexagon, while in the north there are significant hints that the octagonal shape may have been destroyed.

We observed the evolution of Jupiter's polar cyclonic structures over two years between February 2017 and February 2019, using polar observations by the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper, JIRAM, on the Juno mission. Images and spectra were collected by the instrument in the 5-μm wavelength range. The images were used to monitor the development of the cyclonic and anticyclonic structures at latitudes higher than 80° both in the northern and the southern hemispheres. Spectroscopic measurements were then used to monitor the abundances of the minor atmospheric constituents water vapor, ammonia, phosphine, and germane in the polar regions, where the atmospheric optical depth is less than 1. Finally, we performed a comparative analysis with oceanic cyclones on Earth in an attempt to explain the spectral characteristics of the cyclonic structures we observe in Jupiter's polar atmosphere.

During the last 30 years, many works have focused on the determination of the CO abundance in Titan's atmosphere, but no measurement above 300km has been done yet, due to the faint emission of CO in the upper atmosphere. Nevertheless, such a study is particularly awaited as a conrmation of photochemical models that predict a uniform volume mixing ratio of CO in the whole atmosphere. Moreover, given that CO is the main atmospheric reservoir of oxygen, its actual abundance has implications on the origins of Titan's atmosphere. In this work, we analyse a set of Cassini VIMS daytime limb observations of Titan at 4.7 m, which is dominated by solar-pumped non-LTE emission of CO rovibrational bands. In order to study this non-LTE emission, we have developed a non-LTE model for CO vibrational levels. Retrieval of the CO concentration is performed following a bayesian approach and using the calculated non-LTE populations. The data set analysed is constituted by 45 limb scanning sequences - about two thousand spectra - obtained by VIMS in 2006 and 2007. CO relative abundance proles from 200 to 500km are obtained, for each set analysed. The average prole shows little variation with altitude ranging from 50 ppm at 200km to 60 ppm at 500 km. The measurements are however well compatible with a uniform volume mixing ratio prole of 55100 ppm, thus compatible with the prediction of photochemical models of a well-mixed vertical prole.

Background The aseptic preparation of oncologic drugs is performed in the centralised, pharmacy-based cytotoxic drugs preparation unit equipped with a biological safety cabinet and the robotic system APOTECAchemo (Loccioni, Italy), installed in 2012. Manual and fully automated preparations run in parallel are operated by two and one pharmacy technicians (PT), respectively. On average, the annual workload amounts to 35 000 preparations, two-thirds of which are prepared with the robotic system. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the working efficiency of PT after implementing the robotic system and calculate the amount of preparations to be transferred from the manual to the automated process to optimize human resources’ utilisation. Material and methods Manual and automated preparation were analysed over three years (2014–2016). Full-time equivalents (FTE) required by both processes were calculated for each year. A FTE of 1.0 was equivalent to a PT working full-time 40 hours per week, 1,700 hours per year. The throughput in terms of annual preparations per FTE was calculated including direct activities (compounding) and indirect activities related to production (quality controls and standard operating procedures, e.g. cleaning and gowning). The calculation was performed for both manual and automated preparation processes. Results On average, the overall working time spent by PT on direct and indirect activities amounted to 4,670 hours/year for the manual process and to 2,441 hours/year for the automated process, resulting in 14 151 and 21 534 preparations, respectively. The annual amount of preparations per 1.0 FTE in the automated process (mean: 15,066) was three times higher than in the manual process (mean: 5,036). The production times were comparable, but the working time spent by PT on indirect activities was reduced by 85% by using the robotic system. Each 7600 preparation transferred from the manual process to the robotic system results in 1.0 FTE made available for different working activities. Conclusion Results of this study revealed that the automated process with the robotic system improves the working efficiency of PT, thereby allowing the reallocation of human resources and the optimisation of workload distribution in the daily pharmacy practice. Other indirect advantages related to cost and production quality are achieved. References and/or acknowledgements No conflict of interest.

The instrument JIRAM (Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper), on board the NASA spacecraft Juno, is both an imager and a spectrometer. Two distinct detectors are used for imaging and spectroscopy. The imager acquires Jupiter images in two bands, one of which (L band, 3.3–3.6 μm) is devoted to monitor the H 3 + emission. The spectrometer covers the spectral region from 2 to 5 μm (average spectral resolution 9 nm) with a 256 pixels slit that can observe the same scene of the L band imager with some delay. JIRAM scientific goals are the exploration of the Jovian aurorae and the planet's atmospheric structure, dynamics and composition. Starting early July 2016 Juno is orbiting around Jupiter. Since then, JIRAM has provided an unprecedented amount of measurements, monitoring both Jupiter's atmosphere and aurorae. In particular, the camera has monitored Jupiter's poles with very high spatial resolution, providing new insights in both its aurorae and the polar dynamic. The main findings obtained by the L imager are detailed pictures of Jupiter's aurorae showing an extremely complex morphology of the H 3 + distribution in the main oval and in the moon's footprints. The spectrometer has enabled the measure the distribution of both H 3 + concentration and temperature. The analysis of the north auroral region limb observations shows that the peak density of H 3 + is above 750 km and that often it is anticorrelated to the temperature, confirming the infrared cooling effect of H 3 + . This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Advances in hydrogen molecular ions: H 3 + , H 5 + and beyond’.

The Jupiter InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) aboard Juno observed the Jovian South Pole aurora during the first orbit of the mission. H 3+ (trihydrogen cation) and CH 4 (methane) emissions have been identified and measured. The observations have been carried out in nadir and slant viewing both by a L-filtered imager and a 2–5 μm spectrometer. Results from the spectral analysis of the all observations taken over the South Pole by the instrument are reported. The coverage of the southern aurora during these measurements has been partial, but sufficient to determine different regions of temperature and abundance of the H 3+ ion from its emission lines in the 3–4 μm wavelength range. Finally, the results from the southern aurora are also compared with those from the northern ones from the data taken during the same perijove pass and reported by Dinelli et al. (2017).

Throughout the first orbit of the NASA Juno mission around Jupiter, the Jupiter InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) targeted the northern and southern polar regions several times. The analyses of the acquired images and spectra confirmed a significant presence of methane (CH4) near both poles through its 3.3 μm emission overlapping the H3+ auroral feature at 3.31 μm. Neither acetylene (C2H2) nor ethane (C2H6) have been observed so far. The analysis method, developed for the retrieval of H3+ temperature and abundances and applied to the JIRAM-measured spectra, has enabled an estimate of the effective temperature for methane peak emission and the distribution of its spectral contribution in the polar regions. The enhanced methane inside the auroral oval regions in the two hemispheres at different longitude suggests an excitation mechanism driven by energized particle precipitation from the magnetosphere.

During the first orbit around Jupiter of the NASA/Juno mission, the Jovian Auroral Infrared Mapper (JIRAM) instrument observed the auroral regions with a large number of measurements. The measured spectra show both the emission of the H3+ ion and of methane in the 3-4 μm spectral region. In this paper we describe the analysis method developed to retrieve temperature and column density (CD) of the H3+ ion from JIRAM spectra in the northern auroral region. The high spatial resolution of JIRAM shows an asymmetric aurora, with CD and temperature ovals not superimposed and not exactly located where models and previous observations suggested. On the main oval averaged H3+ CDs span between 1.8 × 1012 cm-2 and 2.8 × 1012 cm-2, while the retrieved temperatures show values between 800 and 950 K. JIRAM indicates a complex relationship among H3+ CDs and temperatures on the Jupiter northern aurora.

Throughout the first orbit of the NASA Juno mission around Jupiter, the Jupiter InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) targeted the northern and southern polar regions several times. The analyses of the acquired images and spectra confirmed a significant presence of methane (CH 4 ) near both poles through its 3.3 μm emission overlapping the H 3+ auroral feature at 3.31 μm. Neither acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) nor ethane (C 2 H 6 ) have been observed so far. The analysis method, developed for the retrieval of H 3+ temperature and abundances and applied to the JIRAM-measured spectra, has enabled an estimate of the effective temperature for methane peak emission and the distribution of its spectral contribution in the polar regions. The enhanced methane inside the auroral oval regions in the two hemispheres at different longitude suggests an excitation mechanism driven by energized particle precipitation from the magnetosphere.

The Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) is an imager/spectrometer on board NASA/Juno mission for the study of the Jovian aurorae. The first results of JIRAM's imager channel observations of the H 3+ infrared emission, collected around the first Juno perijove, provide excellent spatial and temporal distribution of the Jovian aurorae, and show the morphology of the main ovals, the polar regions, and the footprints of Io, Europa and Ganymede. The extended Io “tail” persists for ~3 hours after the passage of the satellite flux tube. Multi- arc structures of varied spatial extent appear in both main auroral ovals. Inside the main ovals, intense, localized emissions are observed. In the southern aurora, an evident circular region of strong depletion of H 3+ emissions is partially surrounded by an intense emission arc. The southern aurora is brighter than the north one in these observations. Similar, probably conjugate emission patterns are distinguishable in both polar regions.

Background In April 2016 the Central IntraVenous Additive Service (CIVAS) began to compound non-toxic injectable therapies with a robotic system.1 The production started with antiemetic therapies, followed by antibiotic therapies ready to infuse, as cefazoline 1 g in syringes and piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5 g in bags. Purpose The purpose of this study is to present the new drugs involved that led to production increasing and to describe how CIVAS guarantees the non-hazardous preparations’ supply to hospital departments. Material and methods An analysis concerning the actual hospital antibiotic treatment needs has been carried out through the electronic medical record (EMR). Drugs in ready-to-use injectable form were immediately excluded as well as those with a daily consumption under 20 units. Among the remaining amount of medications, only those with a sufficient physical and chemical stability,2 that allow batch production and at least 7 days of storage, were considered. For every new molecule, a testing production with five batchs of 10 preparations each were compounded through a robotic system, in order to evaluate the dosage accuracy. Results The new validated drugs included in the automated production result were: oxacillin 1 g, cefotaxime 2 g, azithromycin 500 mg, vancomycin 500 mg and ceftriaxone 1 g, all in 100 ml NaCl bags. The average dosage accuracy ranges from 93.43% of azithromycin to 99.64% of cefotaxime, always compliant with the 10% error limit set by the Official Pharmacopoeia. The annual workload, including piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5 g and cefazoline 1 g already compounded inside the automated system, is estimated as 80 000 bags. Conclusion Within 2017, the robotic system will cover the dispensing of antibiotic treatments of 50% of hospital departments, reaching 100% by the end of 2018. References and/or Acknowledgements 1. Bufarini C, et al. Centralised non-hazardous intravenous compounding: from theory to clinical practice. Eur J Hosp Pharm2017;24(1):A1–A288 PP-041. 2. ‘Stabilis 4.0’. www.stabilis.org No conflict of interest

In this paper we report the mapping of H3+, C2H2, and CH4 as derived by an unexploited Galileo/Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) data set. As previously observed, hydrocarbons emissions appear to be located in the internal part of the auroral main oval, where CH4 3 µm vibrational band intensity ratios suggest that nonthermal excitation mechanisms, such as auroral particle precipitation and/or Joule heating, are responsible for the observed emissions. Temperature estimation are in good agreement for the CH4-emitting region on the hot spot, while the values obtained for H3+ are lower in comparison with Cassini/visual and infrared mapping spectrometer and ground-based data. C2H2 emission overlaps the CH4 one only at higher latitudes >75°N, indicating that different energetic particles are at work inside the main oval polar ward. CH4 is also found on the northern section of the main oval (135°

Background Due to the toxicity of molecules involved and the seriousness of adverse drugs events, chemotherapy compounding is a high risk medical practice. To ensure high standards of safety and quality of the process, in September 2014 our hospital pharmacy developed a new oncology workflow, based on implementation of a robotic system for intravenous (IV) chemotherapy compounding. In order to avoid any mistakes that can lead to potential medication errors, the technology adopted was equipped with a set of different sensors able to guarantee the appropriate identification of the all components used for the compounding. Purpose To present the improvement introduced by automation in terms of quality and safety of the cure offered to patients, highlighting the importance of a total controlled oncology workflow. Material and methods We analysed 8 weeks of automated IV production, focusing on potential medication errors intercepted by the automated system. All of these events were recorded and processed by APOTECAmanager, the pharmacy IV production management software. Results The 2 month production evaluation results in 2312 IV chemotherapies prepared were analysed. The automated system detected 59 potential medication errors, preventing any erroneous therapy compounding. In detail: 50 events associated with incorrect components barcode scanning (eg, sodium chloride instead of dextrose bag scanning); 5 occurrences during the vial weighing procedure; 4 episodes during the vial label identification. All these events were related to incorrect material loading carried out by the technician. We assessed the weekly trend in potential error occurrences: Monday and Tuesday results were the highest frequency (7.1% and 6.2%, respectively, of total daily production). We also noticed that 51% of detected errors occurred between 8am and 11am in the morning. Conclusion Every step in the oncology workflow is now totally controlled, allowing the traceability of each operation, from prescription to administration. The results showed the added benefit of this technology in terms of reduction of potential medication errors and self-assessment of your own compounding procedure; at the same time, evidences point out to the need for implementing specific interventions in clinical practice to reduce the probability of occurrence of these events. No conflict of interest

JIRAM is the imaging spectrometer on board the NASA Juno mission. Data collected since August 2016 on both Jupiter Northern and Southern aurora have an unprecedent spatial resolution. Moreover, JIRAM scanning mirror allows observations of the same area at serveral adiacent time frames. In this work we focus on the spatial and temporal variability of the Southern aurora. JIRAM data of the L imager channel have been averaged in bins of 2.5°LAT × 2°LON and variations of the signal have been investigated for 17h50m < time < 19h45m, 27 August 2016. Time frames have been carefully selected in order to avoid possibile instrumental residuals in the signal (Mura et al., 2017). We find that on the South Pole, for -87.5°

In this contribution, we detail the retrieval scheme that has been developed in the last few years for the analysis of the spectral data expected from the JIRAM experiment on board of the Juno NASA mission [1], beginning from the second half of 2016. Our focus is on the analysis of the thermal radiation in the 5 micron transparency window, in regions of lesser cloud opacity (namely, hot-spots). Moving from the preliminary analysis presented in Grassi et al., 2010 [2], a retrieval scheme has been developed and implemented as a complete end-to-end processing software. Performances in terms of fit quality and retrieval errors are discussed from tests on simulated spectra. Few examples of usage on VIMS-Cassini flyby data are also presented. Following the suggestion originally presented in Irwin et al., 1998 [3] for the analysis of the NIMS data, the state vector to be retrieved has been drastically simplified on physically sounding basis, aiming mostly to distinguish between the 'deep' content of minor gaseous component (water, ammonia, phosphine) and their relative humidity or fractional scale height in the upper troposphere. The retrieval code is based on a Bayesian scheme [4], complemented by a Metropolis algorithm plus simulated thermal annealing [5] for most problematic cases. The key parameters retrievable from JIRAM individual spectra are the ammonia and phosphine deep content, the water vapour relative humidity as well as the total aerosol opacity. We discuss in extent also the technical aspects related to the forward radiative transfer scheme: completeness of line databases used to generate correlated-k tables, comparison of different schemes for the treatment of aerosol scattering, assumption on clouds radiative properties and issues related to the analysis of dayside data. This work has been funded through ASI grants: I/010/10/0 and 2014-050-R.0.

The extent of springtime Arctic ozone loss does not reach Antarctic ``ozone hole'' dimensions because of the generally higher temperatures in the northern hemisphere vortex and consequent less polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particle surface for heterogeneous chlorine activation. Yet, with increasing greenhouse gases stratospheric temperatures are expected to further decrease. To infer if present Antarctic PSC occurrence can be applied to predict future Arctic PSC occurrence, lidar observations from McMurdo station (78° S, 167° E) and NyÅlesund (79° N, 12° E) have been analysed for the 9 winters between 1995 (1995/1996) and 2003 (2003/2004). Although the statistics may not completely cover the overall hemispheric PSC occurrence, the observations are considered to represent the main synoptic cloud features as both stations are mostly situated in the centre or at the inner edge of the vortex. Since the focus is set on the occurrence frequency of solid and liquid particles, the analysis has been restricted to volcanic aerosol free conditions. In McMurdo, by far the largest part of PSC observations is associated with NAT PSCs. The observed persistent background of NAT particles and their potential ability to cause denoxification and irreversible denitrification is presumably more important to Antarctic ozone chemistry than the scarcely observed ice PSCs. Meanwhile in Ny-Ålesund, ice PSCs have never been observed, while solid NAT and liquid STS clouds both occur in large fraction. Although they are also found solely, the majority of observations reveals solid and liquid particle layers in the same profile. For the Ny-Ålesund measurements, the frequent occurrence of liquid PSC particles yields major significance in terms of ozone chemistry, as their chlorine activation rates are more efficient. The relationship between temperature, PSC formation, and denitrification is nonlinear and the McMurdo and Ny-Ålesund PSC observations imply that for predicted stratospheric cooling it is not possible to directly apply current Antarctic PSC occurrence to the Arctic stratosphere. Future Arctic PSC occurrence, and thus ozone loss, is likely to depend on the shape and barotropy of the vortex rather than on minimum temperature alone.

CLINICAL CASE A 43-year-old Romanian woman was referred with the clinical suspicion of gastric lymphoma; she had complained from two months nausea, vomiting and weight loss (7 kg); 3 esophagogastroduodenoscopic examinations had evidenced reduced distensibility of stomach body and antrum, ulcered and congestive mucosa, the histopathological examinations revealed a non specific inflammation. There was no response to therapy with omeprazolo. A computer-assisted tomoghraphy scan of the thorax and abdomen, obtained after the oral and intravenous administration of contrast material, showed diffuse thickening of the gastric wall, lymphadenopathies were seen in the retrocrural space, lesser curvature, and paraaortic region. It was performed another upper endoscopy with “deep” biopsy specimen, comprehensive of spirochetal immunohistochemistry, that was diagnostic for gastric syphilis. DISCUSSION Even though gastritis is a rare clinical manifestations of the secondary stage of syphilis, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of erosive gastritis unresponsive to medical therapy, especially in young patients; screening tests like VDRL (routinely used until few years ago in internal medicine divisions) may be useful to identify those patients needing a further diagnostic evaluation.