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1. WEST full tungsten operation with an ITER grade divertor

Author

J. Bucalossi, A. Ekedahl, and the WEST Team, J. Achard, K. Afonin, O. Agullo, T. Alarcon, L. Allegretti, F. Almuhisen, H. Ancher, G. Antar, Y. Anquetin, S. Antusch, V. Anzallo, C. Arnas, J.F. Artaud, M.H. Aumeunier, S.G. Baek, X.Y. Bai, M. Balden, C. Balorin, T. Barbui, A. Barbuti, J. Barlerin, J. Barra, V. Basiuk, T. Batal, O. Baulaigue, A. Bec, M. Becoulet, E. Benoit, E. Bernard, J.M. Bernard, M. Bernert, N. Bertelli, E. Bertrand, P. Beyer, J. Bielecki, P. Bienvenu, R. Bisson, B. Bliewert, G. Bodner, S. Bose, C. Bottereau, C. Bouchand, Y. Boumendjel, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, J. Bourg, S. Brezinsek, F. Brochard, C. Brun, V. Bruno, H. Bufferand, A. Bureau, S. Burles, Y. Camenen, B. Cantone, E. Caprin, M. Carole, S. Carpentier-Chouchana, G. Caulier, F. Causa, N. Cazanave, N. Chanet, O. Chellai, Y. Chen, M. Chernyshova, P. Chmielewski, W. Choe, A. Chomiczewska, G. Ciraolo, F. Clairet, J. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Colledani, J. Colnel, P. Coquillat, E. Corbel, Y. Corre, X. Courtois, T. Czarski, A. Da Ros, R. Daniel, J. Daumas, M. De Combarieu, P. De Vries, C. Dechelle, F. Deguara, R. Dejarnac, J.M. Delaplanche, L.F. Delgado-Aparicio, E. Delmas, L. Delpech, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, J. Denis, S. Di Genova, R. Diab, A. Diallo, M. Diez, G. Dif-Pradalier, M. Dimitrova, R. Ding, T. Dittmar, L. Doceul, M. Domenes, D. Donovan, D. Douai, L. Dubus, N. Dumas, R. Dumont, F. Durand, A. Durif, F. Durodié, D. Elbeze, S. Ertmer, A. Escarguel, F. Escourbiac, B. Esposito, K. Ezato, F. Faisse, J.L. Farjon, N. Faure, N. Fedorczak, P. Fejoz, F. Felici, C. Fenzi-Bonizec, F. Ferlay, L. Ferrand, L. Fevre, M. Firdaouss, L. Fleury, D. Flouquet, T. Fonghetti, A. Gallo, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, J.L. Gardarein, L. Gargiulo, P. Garibaldi, S. Garitta, J. Gaspar, E. Gauthier, S. Gazzotti, F. Gely, J. Gerardin, G. Gervasini, E. Geulin, M. Geynet, P. Ghendrih, I. Giacalone, C. Gil, S. Ginoux, S. Girard, E. Giroux, G. Giruzzi, M. Goniche, V. Gorse, T. Gray, E. Grelier, C. Grisolia, A. Grosjean, A. Grosman, O. Grover, D. Guibert, D. Guilhem, C. Guillemaut, B. Guillermin, R. Guirlet, J.P. Gunn, Y. Gunsu, T. Gyergyek, S. Hacquin, A. Hakola, J. Harris, J.C. Hatchressian, W. Helou, P. Hennequin, C. Hernandez, L. Hijazi, J. Hillairet, T. Hirai, G.T. Hoang, C. Honoré, M. Houry, A. Huart, G. Huijsmans, P. Huynh, M. Iafrati, F. Imbeaux, N. Imbert, I. Ivanova-Stanik, P. Ivanova, R. Jalageas, A. Jamann, C. Jammes, A. Jardin, L. Jaubert, G. Jiolat, E. Joffrin, C. Johnson, A. Jonas, A. Kirschner, C.C. Klepper, M. Komm, M. Koubiti, S. Kosslow, J. Kovacic, M. Kozeiha, K. Krieger, K. Krol, I. Kudashev, B. Lacroix, L. Laguardia, V. Lamaison, V. Lapleigne, H. Laqua, C. Lau, Y. Lausenaz, R. Lé, M. Le Bohec, N. Lefevre, N. Lemoine, E. Lerche, Y. Lesourd, L. Letellier, M. Lewerentz, Y. Li, A. Liang, P. Linczuk, C. Linsmeier, M. Lipa, X. Litaudon, X. Liu, J. Llorens, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, T. Loewenhoff, G. Lombard, J. Lore, P. Lorenzetto, B. Lu, A. Lumsdaine, R. Lunsford, T. Lunt, G. Luo, P. Magaud, P. Maget, J.F. Mahieu, P. Maini, P. Malard, K. Malinowski, P. Manas, L. Manenc, V. Maquet, Y. Marandet, C. Martin, E.J. Martin, P. Martino, M. Mayer, D. Mazon, S. Mazzi, P. Messina, L. Meunier, D. Midou, G. Miglionico, Y. Mineo, M. Missirlian, R. Mitteau, B. Mitu, D. Moiraf, P. Mollard, G. Momparler, V. Moncada, T. Mondiere, C. Monti, J. Morales, M. Moreau, Ph. Moreau, Y. Moudden, G. Moureau, D. Mouyon, M. Muraglia, T. Nakano, E. Nardon, A. Neff, F. Nespoli, J. Nichols, L. Nicolas, S. Nicollet, R. Nouailletas, M. Ono, V. Ostuni, O. Paillat, C. Parish, H. Park, H. Parrat, J.Y. Pascal, B. Pegourie, F.P. Pellissier, Y. Peneliau, M. Peret, E. Pignoly, G. Pintsuk, R. Pitts, C. Pocheau, A. Podolnik, C. Portafaix, M. Poulos, P. Prochet, A. Puig Sitjes, R. Ragona, M. Rasinski, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raup, X. Regal-Mezin, C. Reux, J. Rice, M. Richou, F. Rigollet, N. Rivals, H. Roche, S. Rodrigues, J. Romazanov, G. Ronchi, C. Ruset, R. Sabot, A. Saille, R. Sakamoto, B. Salamon, F. Samaille, A. Santagiustina, B. Santraine, Y. Sarazin, O. Sauter, Y. Savoie-Peysson, L. Schiesko, M. Scholz, J.L. Schwob, E. Serre, H. Shin, S. Shiraiwa, Ja. Signoret, O. Skalli-Fettachi, P. Sogorb, Y. Song, A. Spring, P. Spuig, S. Sridhar, B. Stratton, C. Talatizi, P. Tamain, R. Tatali, Q. Tichit, A. Torre, L. Toulouse, W. Treutterer, E. Tsitrone, E.A. Unterberg, G. Urbanczyk, G. Van Rooij, N. Varadarajan, S. Vartanian, E. Velly, J.M. Verger, L. Vermare, D. Vezinet, N. Vignal, B. Vincent, S. Vives, D. Volpe, G. Wallace, E. Wang, L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.S. Wang, T. Wauters, D. Weldon, B. Wirth, M. Wirtz, A. Wojenski, M. Xu, Q.X. Yang, H. Yang, B. Zago, R. Zagorski, B. Zhang, X.J. Zhang, X.L. Zou, and the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team

Subjects
nuclear fusion, magnetic confinement, tokamak, divertor, WEST, ITER, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The mission of WEST (tungsten-W Environment in Steady-state Tokamak) is to explore long pulse operation in a full tungsten (W) environment for preparing next-step fusion devices (ITER and DEMO) with a focus on testing the ITER actively cooled W divertor in tokamak conditions. Following the successful completion of phase 1 (2016-2021), phase 2 started in December 2022 with the lower divertor made entirely of actively cooled ITER-grade tungsten mono-blocks. A boronization prior the first plasma attempt allowed for a smooth startup with the new divertor. Despite the reduced operating window due to tungsten, rapid progress has been made in long pulse operation, resulting in discharges with a pulse length of 100 s and an injected energy of around 300 MJ per discharge. Plasma startup studies were carried out with equatorial boron nitride limiters to compare them with tungsten limiters, while Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating assisted startup was attempted. High fluence operation in attached regime, which was the main thrust of the first campaigns, already showed the progressive build up of deposits and appearance of dust, impacting the plasma operation as the plasma fluence increased. In total, the cumulated injected energy during the first campaigns reached 43 GJ and the cumulated plasma time exceeded 5 h. Demonstration of controlled X-Point Radiator regime is also reported, opening a promising route for investigating plasma exhaust and plasma-wall interaction issues in more detached regime. This paper summarises the lessons learned from the manufacturing and the first operation of the ITER-grade divertor, describing the progress achieved in optimising operation in a full W environment with a focus on long pulse operation and plasma wall interaction.

Published
2024
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2. Erratum to 'Thomson scattering upgrade on Tore Supra' [Fusion Eng. Des. 85 (2010) 335–339]

Author

F. Leroux, M. Moreau, and L. Manenc

Subjects
Physics, Spectrometer, Thomson scattering, business.industry, Dynamic range, Mechanical Engineering, Noise reduction, Bandwidth (signal processing), Tore Supra, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Data acquisition, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Sampling (signal processing), General Materials Science, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The Thomson scattering diagnostic supplies the electron temperature and density of Tore Supra plasmas from the spectrum analysis of scattered light of a very short laser pulse. A new spectrometer has been realized to improve the signal to noise ratio. In order to obtain an efficient noise reduction, a real time calculation is necessary. The current analogue integration of the signal is inadequate. A fast digitalization must be used with a sampling rate of 1 GSamples by second, a bandwidth of 150 MHz and a 12 bit dynamic range. In a first step, fast analogue data acquisition boards for 4 channels were added in 2009 to the VME acquisition system in place. A MATACQ (Matrix for acquisition) board was chosen for sampling analogue data up to 2 GSamples/s over 4 channels with a large bandwidth of 300 MHz and a 14 bit dynamic range. This solution offers a low cost acquisition system that is not available in any other commercial board with this dynamic range. The first results will be obtained on calibration period with a light emitted diode before the summer 2009. This article will present the new data acquisition system and the coming first results.

Published
2011

3. Thomson scattering upgrade on Tore Supra

Author

F. Leroux, L. Manenc, and M. Moreau

Subjects
Spectrometer, Thomson scattering, Computer science, business.industry, Dynamic range, Mechanical Engineering, Noise reduction, Bandwidth (signal processing), Tore Supra, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Optics, Data acquisition, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Sampling (signal processing), General Materials Science, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The Thomson scattering diagnostic supplies the electron temperature and density of Tore Supra plasmas from the spectrum analysis of scattered light of a very short laser pulse. A new spectrometer has been realized to improve the signal to noise ratio. In order to obtain an efficient noise reduction, a real time calculation is necessary. The current analogue integration of the signal is inadequate. A fast digitalization must be used with a sampling rate of 1 GSamples/s, a bandwidth of 150 MHz and a 12 bits dynamic range. In a first step, fast analogue data acquisition boards for 4 channels were added in 2009 to the VME acquisition system in place. A MATACQ (Matrix for acquisition) board was chosen for sampling analogue data up to 2 GSamples/s over 4 channels with a large bandwidth of 300 MHz and a 14 bits dynamic range. This solution offers a low cost acquisition system that is not available in any other commercial board with this dynamic range. The first results will be obtained on calibration period with a light emitted diode before the summer 2009. This article will present the new data acquisition system and the coming first results.

Published
2010

4. Overview of the deuterium inventory campaign in Tore Supra: Operational conditions and particle balance

Author

E. Delchambre, F. Samaille, P. Hertout, F. Kazarian, B. Pégourié, S. Vartanian, C. Desgranges, M. Kočan, G. Dunand, P. Monier-Garbet, M. Richou, M. Mayer, J. Y. Pascal, A. Beauté, A. Martinez, James Paul Gunn, A. Ekedahl, E. Aréou, Suk-Ho Hong, F. Linez, A. Escarguel, Céline Martin, R. Sabot, E. Tsitrone, C. Gil, Cécile Arnas, P. Moreau, O. Meyer, P. Oddon, J. Lasalle, Yannick Marandet, P. Devynck, S. Bremond, L. Manenc, D. Douai, F. Saint-Laurent, Eric Gauthier, Y. Corre, F. Rimini, J. Bucalossi, J. Roth, C. Brosset, Pascale Roubin, and S. Carpentier

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Toroid, Chemistry, Nuclear engineering, Plasma, Fusion power, Tore Supra, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, Limiter, Particle, General Materials Science, Saturation (chemistry)
Abstract

A specific experiment was performed in Tore Supra, dedicated to the search for consistency between wall inventories estimated from gas balance and post-mortem analysis and to the characterization of the D-retention mechanism. More than 160 similar discharges were performed, representing a cumulative time of 18 000 s of plasma with no intermediate conditioning procedure. The only significant operational issue was linked to the ejection of flakes from the plasma facing components, whose frequency increased dramatically during the campaign, triggering a plasma detachment phase followed by a disruption in number of cases. In-vessel inventory was increased by ∼3.1 × 1024 D, and constant retention rate (∼2.3 × 1020 D/s averaged over discharge duration) was measured, with no indication of wall saturation. First measurements on dismantled tiles of the Toroidal Pump Limiter (TPL) show [D]/[C] ratios ranging from 0.04 to 0.20, on a typical thickness of 15–20 μm. Extrapolated to the whole TPL, this yields an amount of ∼(1.5 ± 0.3) × 1024 D, i.e. ∼50% of the estimated in-vessel inventory.

Published
2009

5. Amélioration des pratiques en pathologie mammaire : organisation régionale de relecture par télépathologie dans le cadre du groupe SENOPATH

Author

E. Bauvin, K. Gordien, M. Jamme-Lallemand, Eliane Mery, V. Laborie, P. Caveriviere, R. Bosc, J.-L. Manenc, Michel Jacob, J. Palasse, Marie-Laure Quintyn-Ranty, B. Despax, H. Roche, Ghislaine Escourrou, V. Maisongrosse, V. Rolland, P. Wuithier, J. Reyre, and M. Lacroix-Triki

Abstract

En pratique quotidienne, les pathologistes sont confrontes a des tumeurs dont le diagnostic est difficile, necessitant le recours a une decision collegiale. L’acces a une telle organisation peut s’averer complexe dans la region la plus etendue de France. C’est dans ce cadre que l’Institut Universitaire du Cancer et le Reseau de Cancerologie de Midi-Pyrenees (ONCOMIP) ont contribue a la mise en place d’un projet de recours diagnostique et therapeutique en anatomie pathologique pour les lesions mammaires.

Published
2013

6. [Hypnosis and ultrasound-guided paravertebral block in breast cancer surgery]

Author

A, Bouzinac, A, Delbos, M, Mazières, O, Rontes, and J-L, Manenc

Subjects
Pain, Postoperative, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Breast Neoplasms, Nerve Block, Mastectomy, Segmental, Amides, Remifentanil, Piperidines, Patient Satisfaction, Hypnosis, Anesthetic, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Female, Ropivacaine, Anesthetics, Local, Ultrasonography, Interventional
Abstract

The combination of hypnosis and paravertebral block (PVB) was studied in three patients scheduled for breast cancer surgery. The three procedures were realized under hypnosis. Median postoperative pain was rated at zero and comfort felt at 8 on a 10 points scale. Hypnosis could be an alternative to conventional anesthesia in combination with a PVB for breast cancer surgery.

Published
2012

7. Contribution of Tore Supra in preparation of ITER

Author

B. Saoutic, J. Abiteboul, L. Allegretti, S. Allfrey, J.M. Ané, T. Aniel, A. Argouarch, J.F. Artaud, M.H. Aumenier, S. Balme, V. Basiuk, O. Baulaigue, P. Bayetti, A. Bécoulet, M. Bécoulet, M.S. Benkadda, F. Benoit, G. Berger-by, J.M. Bernard, B. Bertrand, P. Beyer, A. Bigand, J. Blum, D. Boilson, G. Bonhomme, H. Bottollier-Curtet, C. Bouchand, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, S. Bourmaud, C. Brault, S. Brémond, C. Brosset, J. Bucalossi, Y. Buravand, P. Cara, V. Catherine-Dumont, A. Casati, M. Chantant, M. Chatelier, G. Chevet, D. Ciazynski, G. Ciraolo, F. Clairet, M. Coatanea-Gouachet, L. Colas, L. Commin, E. Corbel, Y. Corre, X. Courtois, R. Dachicourt, M. Dapena Febrer, M. Davi Joanny, R. Daviot, H. De Esch, J. Decker, P. Decool, P. Delaporte, E. Delchambre, E. Delmas, L. Delpech, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, T. Dittmar, L. Doceul, D. Douai, H. Dougnac, J.L. Duchateau, B. Dugué, N. Dumas, R. Dumont, A. Durocher, F.X. Duthoit, A. Ekedahl, D. Elbeze, M. El Khaldi, F. Escourbiac, F. Faisse, G. Falchetto, M. Farge, J.L. Farjon, M. Faury, N. Fedorczak, C. Fenzi-Bonizec, M. Firdaouss, Y. Frauel, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, J.L. Gardarein, L. Gargiulo, P. Garibaldi, E. Gauthier, O. Gaye, A. Géraud, M. Geynet, P. Ghendrih, I. Giacalone, S. Gibert, C. Gil, G. Giruzzi, M. Goniche, V. Grandgirard, C. Grisolia, G. Gros, A. Grosman, R. Guigon, D. Guilhem, B. Guillerminet, R. Guirlet, J. Gunn, O. Gurcan, S. Hacquin, J.C. Hatchressian, P. Hennequin, C. Hernandez, P. Hertout, S. Heuraux, J. Hillairet, G.T. Hoang, C. Honore, M. Houry, T. Hutter, P. Huynh, G. Huysmans, F. Imbeaux, E. Joffrin, J. Johner, L. Jourd'Heuil, Y.S. Katharria, D. Keller, S.H. Kim, M. Kocan, M. Kubic, B. Lacroix, V. Lamaison, G. Latu, Y. Lausenaz, C. Laviron, F. Leroux, L. Letellier, M. Lipa, X. Litaudon, T. Loarer, P. Lotte, S. Madeleine, P. Magaud, P. Maget, R. Magne, L. Manenc, Y. Marandet, G. Marbach, J.L. Maréchal, L. Marfisi, C. Martin, G. Martin, V. Martin, A. Martinez, J.P. Martins, R. Masset, D. Mazon, N. Mellet, L. Mercadier, A. Merle, D. Meshcheriakov, O. Meyer, L. Million, M. Missirlian, P. Mollard, V. Moncada, P. Monier-Garbet, D. Moreau, P. Moreau, L. Morini, M. Nannini, M. Naiim Habib, E. Nardon, H. Nehme, C. Nguyen, S. Nicollet, R. Nouilletas, T. Ohsako, M. Ottaviani, S. Pamela, H. Parrat, P. Pastor, A.L. Pecquet, B. Pégourié, Y. Peysson, I. Porchy, C. Portafaix, M. Preynas, M. Prou, J.M. Raharijaona, N. Ravenel, C. Reux, P. Reynaud, M. Richou, H. Roche, P. Roubin, R. Sabot, F. Saint-Laurent, S. Salasca, F. Samaille, A. Santagiustina, Y. Sarazin, A. Semerok, J. Schlosser, M. Schneider, M. Schubert, F. Schwander, J.L. Ségui, G. Selig, P. Sharma, J. Signoret, A. Simonin, S. Song, E. Sonnendruker, F. Sourbier, P. Spuig, P. Tamain, M. Tena, J.M. Theis, D. Thouvenin, A. Torre, J.M. Travère, E. Tsitrone, J.C. Vallet, E. Van Der Plas, A. Vatry, J.M. Verger, L. Vermare, F. Villecroze, D. Villegas, R. Volpe, K. Vulliez, J. Wagrez, T. Wauters, L. Zani, D. Zarzoso, X.L. Zou, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept. Accelerateurs - XFEL, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Association EURATOM-CEA (CEA/DSM/DRFC), Département de Recherche sur la Fusion Contrôlée (DRFC), Laboratoire d'Interaction Laser Matière (LILM), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, School of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Division, ITER organization (ITER), CEA Cadarache, Centre de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA ISIS, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 (IRSTV), Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eau et Environnement (IFSTTAR/GERS/EE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre of Molecular and Structural Biomedicine (CBME)/Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), University of Algarve [Portugal], Laboratoire Lasers, Plasmas et Procédés photoniques (LP3), Centre d'Histoire 'Espaces et Cultures' (CHEC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre d'investigation clinique en cancérologie (CI2C), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux en Milieux Agressifs (LEMMA), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), CMCR des Massues, Croix rouge française, Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réserve Naturelle Nationale Baie St-Brieuc, Réserves Naturelles de France-Réserves Naturelles de France, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction des Jardins botaniques et zoologiques, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente e per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile (DIASS), Dipartimento Ingn Ambiente & Sviluppo Soste, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Equipe Dynamique des Systemes Complexes, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Laboratoire de physique des milieux ionisés et applications (LPMIA), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Service de Chimie Physique (SCP), Laboratoire des Adaptations Physiologiques aux Activités Physiques (LAPHAP), Université de Poitiers, Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes ( InESS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés ( SIMaP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) ( LMD ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies ( FEMTO-ST ), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques ( ENSMM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels ( IUSTI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), EDF - R&D Department MMC and MAI, EDF R&D ( EDF R&D ), EDF ( EDF ) -EDF ( EDF ), Association EURATOM-CEA ( CEA/DSM/DRFC ), Département de Recherche sur la Fusion Contrôlée ( DRFC ), Laboratoire d'Interaction Laser Matière ( LILM ), Département de Physico-Chimie ( DPC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas ( LPP ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Observatoire de Paris-École polytechnique ( X ) -Sorbonne Universités-PSL Research University ( PSL ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) ( DPHN ), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, ITER [St. Paul-lez-Durance], ITER, Centre de Thermique de Lyon ( CETHIL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information ( CEA-LETI ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères], Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand ( ICCF ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Sigma CLERMONT ( Sigma CLERMONT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville ( IRSTV ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Eau et Environnement ( IFSTTAR/GERS/EE ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans ( UNAM ), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies ( LIST ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Lasers, Plasmas et Procédés photoniques ( LP3 ), Centre d'Histoire 'Espaces et Cultures' ( CHEC ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie / Nantes - Angers ( CRCNA ), CHU Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ) -Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Faculté de Médecine d'Angers, Centre d'investigation clinique en cancérologie ( CI2C ), IFP Energies nouvelles ( IFPEN ), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] ( MATEIS ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux en Milieux Agressifs ( LEMMA ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ( ISCR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Croix-rouge française, Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux [Paris] ( PIMM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation ( IMEP-LAHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres ( M2P2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géoazur ( GEOAZUR ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Réserve de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Department of Information Technology ( INTEC ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente e per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile ( DIASS ), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier ( ICGM ICMMM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physique des milieux ionisés et applications ( LPMIA ), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 ( UHP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon ( CRCL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), Catalyse par les métaux, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers ( IC2MP ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service de Chimie Physique ( SCP ), Laboratoire des Adaptations Physiologiques aux Activités Physiques ( LAPHAP ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Plasma parameters, Ripple, Plasma, Tore Supra, Collisionality, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, symbols.namesake, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Langmuir probe, Electron temperature, 010306 general physics, Power density
Abstract

International audience; Tore Supra routinely addresses the physics and technology of very long-duration plasma discharges, thus bringing precious information on critical issues of long pulse operation of ITER. A new ITER relevant lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) launcher has allowed coupling to the plasma a power level of 2.7 MW for 78 s, corresponding to a power density close to the design value foreseen for an ITER LHCD system. In accordance with the expectations, long distance (10 cm) power coupling has been obtained. Successive stationary states of the plasma current pro le have been controlled in real-time featuring (i) control of sawteeth with varying plasma parameters, (ii) obtaining and sustaining a `hot core' plasma regime, (iii) recovery from a voluntarily triggered deleterious magnetohydrodynamic regime. The scrape-off layer (SOL) parameters and power deposition have been documented during L-mode ramp-up phase, a crucial point for ITER before the X-point formation. Disruption mitigation studies have been conducted with massive gas injection, evidencing the difference between He and Ar and the possible role of the q = 2 surface in limiting the gas penetration. ICRF assisted wall conditioning in the presence of magnetic eld has been investigated, culminating in the demonstration that this conditioning scheme allows one to recover normal operation after disruptions. The effect of the magnetic eld ripple on the intrinsic plasma rotation has been studied, showing the competition between turbulent transport processes and ripple toroidal friction. During dedicated dimensionless experiments, the effect of varying the collisionality on turbulence wavenumber spectra has been documented, giving new insight into the turbulence mechanism. Turbulence measurements have also allowed quantitatively comparing experimental results with predictions by 5D gyrokinetic codes: numerical results simultaneously match the magnitude of effective heat diffusivity, rms values of density uctuations and wavenumber spectra. A clear correlation between electron temperature gradient and impurity transport in the very core of the plasma has been observed, strongly suggesting the existence of a threshold above which transport is dominated by turbulent electron modes. Dynamics of edge turbulent uctuations has been studied by correlating data from fast imaging cameras and Langmuir probes, yielding a coherent picture of transport processes involved in the SOL.

Published
2011

8. Residual gas analysis for long-pulse, advanced tokamak operation

Author

C. Christopher Klepper, Jérôme Bucalossi, Laurent Colas, S. Vartanian, P. Oddon, L. Manenc, D. Douai, D. L. Hillis, and B. Pégourié

Subjects
Spectrum analyzer, Materials science, Tokamak, Residual gas analyzer, law, Exhaust gas, Plasma diagnostics, Plasma, Atomic physics, Tore Supra, Neutral particle, Instrumentation, law.invention
Abstract

A shielded residual gas analyzer (RGA) system on Tore Supra can function during plasma operation and is set up to monitor the composition of the neutral gas in one of the pumping ducts of the toroidal pumped limited. This "diagnostic RGA" has been used in long-pulse (up to 6 min) discharges for continuous monitoring of up to 15 masses simultaneously. Comparison of the RGA-measured evolution of the H(2)/D(2) isotopic ratio in the exhaust gas to that measured by an energetic neutral particle analyzer in the plasma core provides a way to monitor the evolution of particle balance. RGA monitoring of corrective H(2) injection to maintain proper minority heating is providing a database for improved ion cyclotron resonance heating, potentially with RGA-base feedback control. In very long pulses (>4 min) absence of significant changes in the RGA-monitored, hydrocarbon particle pressures is an indication of proper operation of the actively cooled, carbon-based plasma facing components. Also H(2) could increase due to thermodesorption of overheated plasma facing components.

Published
2010

9. Investigation of steady-state tokamak issues by long pulse experiments on Tore Supra

Author

Nicolas Crouseilles, R. Guirlet, J. Hourtoule, W. Xiao, J. L. Gardarein, Frédéric Schwander, E. Delchambre, A. Martinez, F. Bouquey, D. Boilson, M. Richou, L. Allegretti, V. Lamaison, T. Loarer, B. Lacroix, A. Vatry, W. Zwingmann, D. Ciazynski, J. Decker, P. Hertout, A. Bécoulet, R. Abgrall, M. Chatelier, B. Guillerminet, J. Lasalle, Yannick Marandet, M. Lipa, S. Nicollet, C. Reux, F. Benoit, E. Delmas, P. Reynaud, J. Y. Journeaux, F. Jullien, H. Bottollier-Curtet, Y. Buranvand, M. Schneider, D. Moreau, Karl Vulliez, M. Tena, P. Pastor, C. Le Niliot, S. Balme, G. Falchetto, V. Martin, L. Svensson, S. H. Hong, C. Laviron, M. Houry, J. M. Theis, S. Madeleine, T. Hutter, T. Salmon, L. Manenc, C. Bouchand, M. Davi, S. Rosanvallon, N. Dolgetta, Pascale Roubin, Eric Nardon, L.-G. Eriksson, B. Pégourié, D. Douai, O. Chaibi, Patrick Mollard, Didier Mazon, J. P. Gunn, Marie Farge, M. Prou, M. Thonnat, L. Begrambekov, J. Garcia, Philippe Ghendrih, L. Colas, Jacques Blum, J. Clary, P. Spuig, C. Gil, M. Kocan, Ph. Lotte, Paolo Angelino, B. Saoutic, M. Ottaviani, P. Devynck, X. Courtois, L. Doceul, Gilles Berger-By, Patrick Tamain, Marc Missirlian, K. Schneider, Yanick Sarazin, Lena Delpech, J.M. Ané, Pascale Hennequin, A. Durocher, Patrick Maget, P. Huynh, David Henry, P. Decool, Marc Goniche, F. Clairet, Julien Hillairet, A. Geraud, J. Signoret, Stéphane Heuraux, P. Bayetti, T. Gerbaud, X. L. Zou, Y. Peysson, H. Parrat, L. Million, Jérôme Bucalossi, S. Hacquin, Clarisse Bourdelle, F. Samaille, Bernard Bertrand, E. Sonnendruker, G. Chevet, A. Simonin, Ph. Cara, J. L. Maréchal, J. Johner, M. S. Benkadda, J. C. Hatchressian, R. Magne, J. Schlosser, A. Grosman, F. Brémond, R. Masset, Estelle Gauthier, S. Song, G. Giruzzi, M. Nannini, Caroline Hernandez, H.P.L. de Esch, P. Garibaldi, R. J. Dumont, Stanislas Pamela, M. Geynet, C. Nguyen, L. Zani, A. Casati, Cyrille Honoré, G. Gros, Fabrice Rigollet, A. Argouarch, Yann Corre, A. Marcor, H. Dougnac, E. Tsitrone, C. Grisolia, D. Pacella, Guillaume Latu, Céline Martin, T. Aniel, G. Darmet, R. Daviot, J.P. Martins, J. L. Farjon, P. Magaud, A. Ekedahl, Francesca Turco, D. Elbeze, P. Beyer, S. Carpentier, Roger Reichle, F. Faisse, X. Litaudon, R. Guigon, F.G. Rimini, F. Linez, L. Gargiulo, C. Fenzi-Bonizec, G. Marbach, Alexandre Torre, P. Monier-Garbet, N. Ravenel, Laure Vermare, J.-M. Travere, Xavier Garbet, R. Mitteau, H. Roche, C. Desgranges, V. Moncada, F. Villecroze, Jean-François Luciani, G. Ciraolo, F. Kazarian, J. Roth, C. Brosset, F. Saint-Laurent, H. Nehme, T. Parisot, Nicolas Fedorczak, F. Escourbiac, D. Guilhem, J. L. Duchateau, P. Moreau, O. Meyer, D. Yu, A. L. Pecquet, V. Petrzilka, E. Trier, Roland Sabot, G. T. A. Huysmans, G. T. Hoang, E. Joffrin, L. Meunier, P. Chantant, C. Portafaix, D. Voyer, J. C. Vallet, S. Salasca, J. L. Segui, A. Santagiustina, J.F. Artaud, G. Dunand, M. Lennholm, Frederic Imbeaux, V. Grandgirard, A. Escarguel, F. Leroux, Y. Lausenaz, P. Chappuis, V. Basiuk, F. Lott, Hinrich Lütjens, Sylvain Brémond, D. Villegas, Marina Becoulet, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association EURATOM-CEA (CEA/DSM/DRFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, fusion, Tokamak, MHD, Nuclear engineering, Cyclotron, Ultra-high vacuum, Electron, Tore Supra, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 52.35, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Magnetic confinement fusion, plasma heating, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetohydrodynamics
Abstract

The main results of the Tore Supra experimental programme in the years 2007–2008 are reported. They document significant progress achieved in the domain of steady-state tokamak research, as well as in more general issues relevant for ITER and for fusion physics research. Three areas are covered: ITER relevant technology developments and tests in a real machine environment, tokamak operational issues for high power and long pulses, and fusion plasma physics. Results presented in this paper include test and validation of a new, load-resilient concept of ion cycotron resonance heating antenna and of an inspection robot operated under ultra-high vacuum and high temperature conditions; an extensive experimental campaign (5 h of plasma) aiming at deuterium inventory and carbon migration studies; real-time control of sawteeth by electron cyclotron current drive in the presence of fast ion tails; ECRH-assisted plasma start-up studies; dimensionless scalings of transport and turbulence; transport experiments using active perturbation methods; resistive and fast-particle driven MHD studies. The potential role of Tore Supra in the worldwide fusion programme before the start of ITER operation is also discussed.

Published
2009

10. RF Coupling and Antenna Heat Load Control for Combined LHCD and ICRH in Tore Supra

Author

A. Ekedahl, V. Basiuk, J. Bucalossi, L. Colas, Y. Corre, R. Dumont, L.-G. Eriksson, M. Goniche, J. P. Gunn, F. Kazarian, L. Manenc, O. Meyer, P. Monier-Garbet, Ph. Moreau, F. G. Rimini, C. Balorin, G. Berger-By, L. Delpech, G. Lombard, L. Millon, P. Mollard, M. Prou, Philip M. Ryan, and David Rasmussen

Subjects
Coupling, Debye sheath, symbols.namesake, Chemistry, Dielectric heating, symbols, Near and far field, Plasma, Tore Supra, Antenna (radio), Atomic physics, Power density, Computational physics
Abstract

The recent experiments in Tore Supra has focused on the optimisation of the RF heating systems (ICRH and LHCD) in order to achieve high power levels simultaneously over long durations. This leads to njected power levels n the range of 10 MW, which is representative of ITER operation in terms of average power density and heat exhaust capability. Successful operation has been achieved up to 9–10 MW for 20–30 s, using real‐time control of the antenna front face temperatures from nfrared measurements, and security on Cu and Fe brightness. The wave coupling was optimised for the two RF systems simultaneously, while at the same time minimising the hot spot formation due to RF sheath effects and interaction by fast particles (fast electrons accelerated n the near field of the LH wave and fast ions with large orbits created by ICRH). Local modification of the scrape‐off layer density around an ICRH antenna impacts on magnetcally connected LHCD antennas. The LH coupling either improves or deteriorates locally, depending on the relative radial and poloidal positon of the LHCD waveguides and the ICRH antenna. The surface temperature related to the acceleration of electrons n the near‐field of the LH wave evolves accordingly, i.e. it either increases or decreases as a response to the increase or decrease in scrape‐off layer density.

Published
2007

11. Hypnose et bloc paravertébral échoguidé dans la chirurgie du cancer du sein

Author

A. Bouzinac, A. Delbos, J.-L. Manenc, O. Rontes, and M. Mazières

Subjects
Hypnosis, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Postoperative pain, medicine.medical_treatment, Cancer, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Surgery, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Breast cancer, medicine, Nerve block, Paravertebral Block, Breast disease, business
Abstract

The combination of hypnosis and paravertebral block (PVB) was studied in three patients scheduled for breast cancer surgery. The three procedures were realized under hypnosis. Median postoperative pain was rated at zero and comfort felt at 8 on a 10 points scale. Hypnosis could be an alternative to conventional anesthesia in combination with a PVB for breast cancer surgery.

Published
2012

12. Operational limits during high power long pulses with radiofrequency heating in Tore Supra

Author

F.G. Rimini, L. Manenc, F. Kazarian, B. Pégourié, D. Douai, F. Samaille, M. Goniche, R. Mitteau, P. Moreau, V. Basiuk, O. Meyer, L. Colas, Annika Ekedahl, Jérôme Bucalossi, Suk-Ho Hong, G. Dunand, J.L. Schwob, P. Monier-Garbet, R. J. Dumont, E. Delchambre, Sylvain Brémond, L. Millon, Yann Corre, F. Saint-Laurent, Frederic Imbeaux, G. Giruzzi, E. Tsitrone, and Gilles Lombard

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Materials science, Power capability, Nuclear engineering, Ripple, Plasma, Radiation, Tore Supra, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Power (physics), law, Radiofrequency heating
Abstract

Issues related to the limitations and optimization of long pulse operation at high radiofrequency (RF) power levels in the Tore Supra tokamak are presented. An increasing operational limitation was encountered during the experimental campaigns in 2006–2007, affecting the high power and long pulse performance. This limitation was characterized by the sudden appearance of a multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge (MARFE), often followed by a disruption. The analyses revealed that the limitation could be linked to over-heating and flaking of the carbon re-deposition layers on the main plasma facing components (PFCs). The carbon deposits on all PFCs were therefore completely removed during the winter shutdown 2007–2008. Following this, a remarkable improvement in the injected power capability was observed, resulting in almost 12 MW of injected power during 10 s, without any of the previous signs of limitation (MARFE, disruption). Furthermore, the RF antennas are subject to localized heat loads due to RF sheath effects and interaction by fast particles, effects which need to be minimized in particular for long pulse operation. Experimental results concerning the heat load on the antennas, caused by fast ion losses in the presence of magnetic ripple, are presented in this paper.

Published
2009

13. Science and technology research and development in support to ITER and the Broader Approach at CEA

Author

A. Bécoulet, G.T. Hoang, J. Abiteboul, J. Achard, T. Alarcon, J. Alba-Duran, L. Allegretti, S. Allfrey, S. Amiel, J.M. Ané, T. Aniel, G. Antar, A. Argouarch, A. Armitano, J. Arnaud, D. Arranger, J.F. Artaud, D. Audisio, M. Aumeunier, E. Autissier, L. Azcona, A. Back, A. Bahat, X. Bai, B. Baiocchi, D. Balaguer, S. Balme, C. Balorin, O. Barana, D. Barbier, A. Barbuti, V. Basiuk, O. Baulaigue, P. Bayetti, C. Baylard, S. Beaufils, A. Beaute, M. Bécoulet, Z. Bej, S. Benkadda, F. Benoit, G. Berger-By, J.M. Bernard, A. Berne, B. Bertrand, E. Bertrand, P. Beyer, A. Bigand, G. Bonhomme, G. Borel, A. Boron, C. Bottereau, H. Bottollier-Curtet, C. Bouchand, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, J. Bourg, S. Bourmaud, S. Brémond, F. Bribiesca Argomedo, M. Brieu, C. Brun, V. Bruno, J. Bucalossi, H. Bufferand, Y. Buravand, L. Cai, V. Cantone, B. Cantone, E. Caprin, T. Cartier-Michaud, A. Castagliolo, J. Belo, V. Catherine-Dumont, G. Caulier, J. Chaix, M. Chantant, M. Chatelier, D. Chauvin, J. Chenevois, B. Chouli, L. Christin, D. Ciazynski, G. Ciraolo, F. Clairet, R. Clapier, H. Cloez, M. Coatanea-Gouachet, L. Colas, G. Colledani, L. Commin, P. Coquillat, E. Corbel, Y. Corre, J. Cottet, P. Cottier, X. Courtois, I. Crest, R. Dachicourt, M. Dapena Febrer, C. Daumas, H.P.L. de Esch, B. De Gentile, C. Dechelle, J. Decker, P. Decool, V. Deghaye, J. Delaplanche, E. Delchambre-Demoncheaux, L. Delpech, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, J. Dias Pereira Bernardo, G. Dif-Pradalier, L. Doceul, Y. Dong, D. Douai, H. Dougnac, N. Dubuit, J.-L. Duchateau, L. Ducobu, B. Dugue, N. Dumas, R. Dumont, A. Durocher, F. Duthoit, A. Ekedahl, D. Elbeze, A. Escarguel, J. Escop, F. Faïsse, G. Falchetto, J. Farjon, M. Faury, N. Fedorzack, P. Féjoz, C. Fenzi, F. Ferlay, P. Fiet, M. Firdaouss, M. Francisquez, B. Franel, J. Frauche, Y. Frauel, R. Futtersack, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, J. Gardarein, L. Gargiulo, P. Garibaldi, P. Garin, D. Garnier, E. Gauthier, O. Gaye, A. Geraud, M. Gerome, V. Gervaise, M. Geynet, P. Ghendrih, I. Giacalone, S. Gibert, C. Gil, S. Ginoux, L. Giovannangelo, S. Girard, G. Giruzzi, C. Goletto, R. Goncalves, R. Gonde, M. Goniche, R. Goswami, C. Grand, V. Grandgirard, B. Gravil, C. Grisolia, G. Gros, A. Grosman, J. Guigue, D. Guilhem, C. Guillemaut, B. Guillerminet, Z. Guimaraes Filho, R. Guirlet, J. P. Gunn, O. Gurcan, F. Guzman, S. Hacquin, F. Hariri, F. Hasenbeck, J.C. Hatchressian, P. Hennequin, C. Hernandez, P. Hertout, S. Heuraux, J. Hillairet, C. Honore, G. Hornung, M. Houry, I. Hunstad, T. Hutter, P. Huynh, V. Icard, F. Imbeaux, M. Irishkin, L. Isoardi, J. Jacquinot, J. Jacquot, G. Jiolat, M. Joanny, E. Joffrin, J. Johner, P. Joubert, L. Jourd'Heuil, M. Jouve, C. Junique, D. Keller, C. Klepper, D. Kogut, M. Kubič, F. Labassé, B. Lacroix, Y. Lallier, V. Lamaison, R. Lambert, S. Larroque, G. Latu, Y. Lausenaz, C. Laviron, R. Le, A. Le Luyer, C. Le Niliot, Y. Le Tonqueze, P. Lebourg, T. Lefevre, F. Leroux, L. Letellier, Y. Li, M. Lipa, J. Lister, X. Litaudon, F. Liu, T. Loarer, G. Lombard, P. Lotte, M. Lozano, J. Lucas, H. Lütjens, P. Magaud, P. Maget, R. Magne, J.-F. Mahieu, P. Maini, P. Malard, L. Manenc, Y. Marandet, G. Marbach, J.-L. Marechal, L. Marfisi, M. Marle, C. Martin, V. Martin, G. Martin, A. Martinez, P. Martino, R. Masset, D. Mazon, N. Mellet, L. Mercadier, A. Merle, D. Meshcheriakov, P. Messina, O. Meyer, L. Millon, M. Missirlian, J. Moerel, D. Molina, P. Mollard, V. Moncada, P. Monier-Garbet, D. Moreau, M. Moreau, P. Moreau, P. Morel, T. Moriyama, Y. Motassim, G. Mougeolle, D. Moulton, G. Moureau, D. Mouyon, M. Naim Habib, E. Nardon, V. Négrier, J. Nemeth, C. Nguyen, M. Nguyen, L. Nicolas, T. Nicolas, S. Nicollet, E. Nilsson, B. N'Konga, F. Noel, A. Nooman, C. Norscini, R. Nouailletas, P. Oddon, T. Ohsako, F. Orain, M. Ottaviani, M. Pagano, F. Palermo, S. Panayotis, H. Parrat, J.-Y. Pascal, C. Passeron, P. Pastor, J. Patterlini, K. Pavy, A.-L. Pecquet, B. Pégourié, C. Peinturier, T. Pelletier, B. Peluso, V. Petrzilka, Y. Peysson, E. Pignoly, R. Pirola, C. Pocheau, E. Poitevin, V. Poli, S. Poli, F. Pompon, I. Porchy, C. Portafaix, M. Preynas, P. Prochet, M. Prou, A. Ratnani, D. Raulin, N. Ravenel, S. Renard, B. Ricaud, M. Richou, G. Ritz, H. Roche, P. Roubin, C. Roux, K. Ruiz, F. Sabathier, R. Sabot, A. Saille, F. Saint-Laurent, R. Sakamoto, S. Salasca, T. Salmon, F. Samaille, S. Sanchez, A. Santagiustina, B. Saoutic, Y. Sarazin, P. Sardain, J. Schlosser, M. Schneider, J. Schwob, J. Segui, N. Seguin, G. Selig, D. Serret, J. Signoret, A. Simonin, M. Soldaini, B. Soler, C. Soltane, S. Song, F. Sourbier, J. Sparagna, P. Spitz, P. Spuig, A. Storelli, A. Strugarek, P. Tamain, M. Tena, J. Theis, O. Thomine, D. Thouvenin, A. Torre, L. Toulouse, J. Travère, E. Tsitrone, B. Turck, J. Urban, J.-C. Vallet, J. Vallory, A. Valognes, J. Van Helvoirt, S. Vartanian, J.-M. Verger, L. Vermare, C. Vermare, D. Vezinet, K. Vicente, J. Vidal, N. Vignal, T. Vigne, F. Villecroze, E. Villedieu, B. Vincent, B. Volpe, D. Volpe, R. Volpe, J. Wagrez, H. Wang, T. Wauters, O. Wintersdorff, E. Wittebol, B. Zago, L. Zani, D. Zarzoso, Y. Zhang, W. Zhong, X.L. Zou, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Tokamak, business.industry, Superconducting magnet, Tore Supra, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Phase (combat), 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Procurement, Runaway electrons, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Systems engineering, 010306 general physics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Équipe 107 : Physique des plasmas chauds; International audience; In parallel to the direct contribution to the procurement phase of ITER and Broader Approach, CEA has initiated research & development programmes, accompanied by experiments together with a significant modelling effort, aimed at ensuring robust operation, plasma performance, as well as mitigating the risks of the procurement phase. This overview reports the latest progress in both fusion science and technology including many areas, namely the mitigation of superconducting magnet quenches, disruption-generated runaway electrons, edge-localized modes (ELMs), the development of imaging surveillance, and heating and current drive systems for steady-state operation. The WEST (W Environment for Steady-state Tokamaks) project, turning Tore Supra into an actively cooled W-divertor platform open to the ITER partners and industries, is presented.

14. Assessing feasibility and satisfaction in third-trimester pre-anaesthetic teleconsultations: A prospective observational study.

Author

Sassi K, Tardif E, Lasry L, Manenc L, Guerby P, and Minville V

Abstract

Background and Aims: Pregnancy presents risks, particularly for women with pre-existing health problems. Pre-anaesthetic consultations can help anticipate these risks and establish a medical management strategy on the delivery day. While teleconsultations gained popularity during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, research on pre-anaesthetic teleconsultations during pregnancy is limited. This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction and physician perception of teleconsultations for third-trimester pre-anaesthetic consultations., Methods: A prospective observational study included pregnant women who opted for teleconsultations for pre-anaesthetic consultations. Patient satisfaction was assessed using Likert scale questions and the System Use Scale. Anaesthetist satisfaction was evaluated using a Likert scale and by considering changes in anaesthetic techniques and missing clinical data in the pre-anaesthetic assessment. Data analysis utilised SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. encompassing descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing and odds ratio calculations. This approach explored the correlation between patient and anaesthetist satisfaction and pertinent risk factors., Results: The study enroled 99 patients, with 85% expressing satisfaction and high satisfaction on the Likert scale and 88% finding the teleconsultation acceptable based on the System Use Scale (score ≥ 70). Anaesthetists reported being satisfied with the pre-anaesthetic consultations in 94% of cases., Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of telemedicine consultations in obstetric anaesthesia, showing high patient and anaesthetist satisfaction rates., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Anaesthesia.)

Published
2024
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15. Residual gas analysis for long-pulse, advanced tokamak operation.

Author

Klepper CC, Hillis DL, Bucalossi J, Douai D, Oddon P, Vartanian S, Colas L, Manenc L, and Pégourié B

Abstract

A shielded residual gas analyzer (RGA) system on Tore Supra can function during plasma operation and is set up to monitor the composition of the neutral gas in one of the pumping ducts of the toroidal pumped limited. This "diagnostic RGA" has been used in long-pulse (up to 6 min) discharges for continuous monitoring of up to 15 masses simultaneously. Comparison of the RGA-measured evolution of the H(2)/D(2) isotopic ratio in the exhaust gas to that measured by an energetic neutral particle analyzer in the plasma core provides a way to monitor the evolution of particle balance. RGA monitoring of corrective H(2) injection to maintain proper minority heating is providing a database for improved ion cyclotron resonance heating, potentially with RGA-base feedback control. In very long pulses (>4 min) absence of significant changes in the RGA-monitored, hydrocarbon particle pressures is an indication of proper operation of the actively cooled, carbon-based plasma facing components. Also H(2) could increase due to thermodesorption of overheated plasma facing components.

Published
2010
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