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1. Initial Results from the New Horizons Exploration of 2014 MU69, a Small Kuiper Belt Object

Author

S. A. Stern, H. A. Weaver, J. R. Spencer, C. B. Olkin, G. R. Gladstone, W. M. Grundy, J. M. Moore, D. P. Cruikshank, H. A. Elliott, W. B. McKinnon, J. Wm. Parker, A. J. Verbiscer, L. A. Young, D. A. Aguilar, J. M. Albers, T. Andert, J. P. Andrews, F. Bagenal, M. E. Banks, B. A. Bauer, J. A. Bauman, K. E. Bechtold, C. B. Beddingfield, N. Behrooz, K. B. Beisser, S. D. Benecchi, E. Bernardoni, R. A. Beyer, S. Bhaskaran, C. J. Bierson, R. P. Binzel, E. M. Birath, M. K. Bird, D. R. Boone, A. F. Bowman, V. J. Bray, D. T. Britt, L. E. Brown, M. R. Buckley, M. W. Buie, B. J. Buratti, L. M. Burke, S. S. Bushman, B. Carcich, A. L. Chaikin, C. L. Chavez, A. F. Cheng, E. J. Colwell, S. J. Conard, M. P. Conner, C. A. Conrad, J. C. Cook, S. B. Cooper, O. S. Custodio, C. M. Dalle Ore, C. C. DeBoy, P. Dharmavaram, R. D. Dhingra, G. F. Dunn, A. M. Earle, A. F. Egan, J. Eisig, M. R. El-Maarry, C. Engelbrecht, B. L. Enke, C. J. Ercol, E. D. Fattig, C. L. Ferrell, T. J. Finley, J. Firer, J. Fischetti, W. M. Folkner, M. N. Fosbury, G. H. Fountain, J. M. Freeze, L. Gabasova, L. S. Glaze, J. L. Green, G. A. Griffith, Y. Guo, M. Hahn, D. W. Hals, D. P. Hamilton, S. A. Hamilton, J. J. Hanley, A. Harch, K. A. Harmon, H. M. Hart, J. Hayes, C. B. Hersman, M. E. Hill, T. A. Hill, J. D. Hofgartner, M. E. Holdridge, M. Horanyi, A. Hosadurga, A. D. Howard, C. J. A. Howett, S. E. Jaskulek, D. E. Jennings, J. R. Jensen, M. R. Jones, H. K. Kang, D. J. Katz, D. E. Kaufmann, J. J. Kavelaars, J. T. Keane, G. P. Keleher, M. Kinczyk, M. C. Kochte, P. Kollmann, S. M. Krimigis, G. L. Kruizinga, D. Y. Kusnierkiewicz, M. S. Lahr, T. R. Lauer, G. B. Lawrence, J. E Lee, E. J. Lessac-Chenen, I. R. Linscott, C. M. Lisse, A. W. Lunsford, D. M. Mages, V. A. Mallder, N. P. Martin, B. H. May, D. J. McComas, R. L. McNutt, Jr, D. S. Mehoke, T. S. Mehoke, D. S. Nelson, H. D. Nguyen, J. I. Nunez, A. C. Ocampo, W. M. Owen, G. K. Oxton, A. H. Parker, M. Paetzold, J. Y. Pelgrift, F. J. Pelletier, J. P. Pineau, M. R. Piquette, S. B. Porter, S. Protopapa, E. Quirico, J. A. Redfern, A. L. Regiec, H. J. Reitsema, D. C. Reuter, D. C. Richardson, J. E. Riedel, M. A. Ritterbush, S. J. Robbins, D. J. Rodgers, G. D. Rogers, D. M. Rose, P. E. Rosendall, K. D. Runyon, M. G. Ryschkewitsch, M. M. Saina, M. J. Salinas, P. M. Schenk, J. R. Scherrer, W. R. Schlei, B. Schmitt, D. J. Schultz, D. C. Schurr, F. Scipioni, R. L. Sepan, R. G. Shelton, M. R. Showalter, M. Simon, K. N. Singer, E. W. Stahlheber, D. R. Stanbridge, J. A. Stansberry, A. J. Steffl, D. F. Strobel, M. M. Stothoff, T. Stryk, J. R. Stuart, M. E. Summers, M. B. Tapley, A. Taylor, H. W. Taylor, R. M. Tedford, H. B. Throop, L. S. Turner, O. M. Umurhan, J. Van Eck, D. Velez, M. H. Versteeg, M. A. Vincent, R. W. Webbert, S. E. Weidner, G. E. Weigle, II, J. R. Wendel, O. L. White, K. E. Whittenburg, B. G. Williams, K. E. Williams, S. P. Williams, H. L. Winters, A. M. Zangari, and T. H. Zurbuchen

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The Kuiper Belt is a broad, torus-shaped region in the outer Solar System beyond Neptune’s orbit. It contains primordial planetary building blocks and dwarf planets. NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft conducted a flyby of Pluto and its system of moons on 14 July 2015. New Horizons then continued farther into the Kuiper Belt, adjusting its trajectory to fly close to the small Kuiper Belt object (486958) 2014 MU69 (henceforth MU69; also informally known as Ultima Thule). Stellar occultation observations in 2017 showed that MU69 was ~25 to 35 km in diameter, and therefore smaller than the diameter of Pluto (2375 km) by a factor of ~100 and less massive than Pluto by a factor of ~106. MU69 is located about 1.6 billion kilometers farther from the Sun than Pluto was at the time of the New Horizons flyby. MU69’s orbit indicates that it is a “cold classical” Kuiper Belt object, thought to be the least dynamically evolved population in the Solar System. A major goal of flying past this target is to investigate accretion processes in the outer Solar System and how those processes led to the formation of the planets. Because no small Kuiper Belt object had previously been explored by spacecraft, we also sought to provide a close-up look at such a body’s geology and composition, and to search for satellites, rings, and evidence of present or past atmosphere. We report initial scientific results and interpretations from that flyby.

Published
2019
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3. Initial results from the New Horizons exploration of 2014 MU 69 , a small Kuiper Belt object

Author

J. Fischetti, S. Bhaskaran, Matthias Hahn, Karl Whittenburg, Derek S. Nelson, G. A. Griffith, Amanda M. Zangari, B. J. Buratti, James T. Keane, E. J. Lessac-Chenen, Ralph L. McNutt, Tiffany J. Finley, J. Scherrer, M. A. Ritterbush, M. M. Saina, G. Dunn, T. A. Hill, J. Van Eck, T. Stryk, J. M. Albers, D. C. Reuter, C. M. Dalle Ore, H. A. Elliott, D. J. Schultz, J. Andrews, Douglas P. Hamilton, M. H. Versteeg, Orkan M. Umurhan, Matthew E. Hill, Hai Nguyen, M. Simon, L. Gabasova, D. E. Jennings, D. J. Katz, J. E. Riedel, N. Behrooz, M. N. Fosbury, Henry B. Throop, A. J. Verbiscer, E. Bernardoni, Ross A. Beyer, C. Engelbrecht, Francesca Scipioni, H. L. Winters, Thomas H. Zurbuchen, Carey M. Lisse, Veronica J. Bray, M. G. Ryschkewitsch, Stuart J. Robbins, S. E. Jaskulek, M. C. Kochte, Thomas Mehoke, M. S. Lahr, M. J. Salinas, V. A. Mallder, S. P. Williams, B. H. May, D. M. Mages, C. C. Deboy, Simon B. Porter, Gerhard Kruizinga, Marc W. Buie, Jorge I. Nunez, John Hayes, Peter Kollmann, P. Dharmavaram, J. M. Moore, Darrell F. Strobel, John Stansberry, R. P. Binzel, H. M. Hart, Jillian Redfern, E. W. Stahlheber, H. K. Kang, James L. Green, Anthony F. Egan, Carly Howett, Fran Bagenal, Dale Stanbridge, Chris B. Hersman, C. L. Chavez, Debi Rose, J. Y. Pelgrift, Maria E. Banks, D. C. Schurr, Matthew R. Buckley, L. S. Turner, Ivan Linscott, Kaj E. Williams, J. Eisig, Mihaly Horanyi, Matthew Jones, Mark R. Showalter, William B. McKinnon, Leslie A. Young, E. J. Colwell, Daniel T. Britt, Kirby Runyon, David J. McComas, G. Weigle, Bernard Schmitt, Susan D. Benecchi, Alissa M. Earle, M. J. Kinczyk, Tod R. Lauer, M. R. Piquette, Lori S. Glaze, Carver J. Bierson, L. M. Burke, Brian Carcich, O. S. Custodio, A. Harch, Harold A. Weaver, Dale P. Cruikshank, Oliver L. White, L. E. Brown, William M. Grundy, G. K. Oxton, Chelsea L. Ferrell, David E. Kaufmann, Mohamed Ramy El-Maarry, K. A. Harmon, W. R. Schlei, Eric Quirico, Derek C. Richardson, J. M. Freeze, Jennifer Hanley, R. G. Shelton, Andrew J. Steffl, Mike Bird, H. W. Taylor, Harold J. Reitsema, Stamatios M. Krimigis, D. R. Boone, E. D. Fattig, A. L. Regiec, D. J. Rodgers, Jason D. Hofgartner, D. Velez, Catherine B. Olkin, Kelsi N. Singer, Brian Bauer, Carl J. Ercol, Martin Pätzold, Nicole Martin, Stewart Bushman, J. Firer, Allen W. Lunsford, R. W. Webbert, A. L. Chaikin, Alex Parker, C. A. Conrad, M. P. Conner, S. B. Cooper, Chloe B. Beddingfield, William M. Folkner, J. E. Lee, M. B. Tapley, G. R. Gladstone, D. A. Aguilar, Glen H. Fountain, Emma Birath, Rebecca Sepan, Jeremy Bauman, J. Wm. Parker, S. Weidner, J. R. Jensen, Jason C. Cook, Alan D. Howard, William M. Owen, Andrew F. Cheng, B. L. Enke, Sarah A. Hamilton, Tom Andert, K. B. Beisser, K. E. Bechtold, J. R. Wendel, Rajani D. Dhingra, Paul M. Schenk, Michael E. Summers, J. R. Spencer, D. W. Hals, Silvia Protopapa, A. C. Ocampo, Mark E. Holdridge, S. A. Stern, A. Taylor, R. M. Tedford, G. P. Keleher, Gabe Rogers, Frederic Pelletier, Jj Kavelaars, Yanping Guo, Jon Pineau, Steven J. Conard, Alice Bowman, A. Hosadurga, B. G. Williams, Michael Vincent, David Y. Kusnierkiewicz, Paul E. Rosendall, G. B. Lawrence, J. R. Stuart, M. M. Stothoff, Jr. D. S. Mehoke, Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Lowell Observatory [Flagstaff], Space Physics Research Laboratory [Ann Arbor] (SPRL), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, SwRI Planetary Science Directorate [Boulder], Universitat de Lleida, Institut für Raumfahrttechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Space Studies [Boulder], Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institute of Hydrology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology [Linköping] (IFM), Linköping University (LIU), Africa Rice Center [Bénin] (AfricaRice), Africa Rice Center [Côte d'Ivoire] (AfricaRice), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Yonsei University, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Princeton University, Reed College, Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE), Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research (RIU), University of Cologne, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEAES), University of Manchester [Manchester], ESA, Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du rayonnement électromagnétique (LURE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-MENRT-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (FZU / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warmia and Mazury [Olsztyn], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Warmia and Mazury, Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), inconnu temporaire UPEMLV, Inconnu, INGENIERIE (INGENIERIE), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Plasmas et Traitement de Surface (ENSCP), PARIS, Africa Rice Center, Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IPMC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics of Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, and Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR)

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Solar System, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spacecraft, business.industry, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Coma (optics), Contact binary, Albedo, 01 natural sciences, Object (philosophy), Solar wind, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Pebble, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Kuiper Belt is a distant region of the Solar System. On 1 January 2019, the New Horizons spacecraft flew close to (486958) 2014 MU69, a Cold Classical Kuiper Belt Object, a class of objects that have never been heated by the Sun and are therefore well preserved since their formation. Here we describe initial results from these encounter observations. MU69 is a bi-lobed contact binary with a flattened shape, discrete geological units, and noticeable albedo heterogeneity. However, there is little surface color and compositional heterogeneity. No evidence for satellites, ring or dust structures, gas coma, or solar wind interactions was detected. By origin MU69 appears consistent with pebble cloud collapse followed by a low velocity merger of its two lobes., 43 pages, 8 figure

Published
2019

5. BJSM reviews: A-Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and Ergogenic aids for health and performance Part 3

Author

S J, Stear, L M, Burke, and L M, Castell

Subjects
Free Radicals, Plant Extracts, Contusions, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, General Medicine, Athletic Performance, Antioxidants, Arnica, Dietary Supplements, Sprains and Strains, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle, Skeletal, Exercise
Abstract

Until recently we have considered free oxygen radical production in the body to be a solely “negative” occurrence that might be countered by supplementation with antioxidant nutrients. The supposed benefits included improved health and mortality, and for athletes, the extra advantages of enhanced performance through a reduction in exercise-induced damage. In fact, as discussed below, The Cochrane Review1 found little or no difference in the normal population between antioxidant administration and those taking a placebo. Mortality was, in fact, slightly higher in the antioxidant group. The following review focuses on antioxidant supplementation in athletes and includes the possibility that some oxidative species play a positive role in the adaptation to exercise. In addition to this topic, there is a brief but comprehensive review on arnica.

Published
2009

7. Fueling strategies to optimize performance: training high or training low?

Author

L M, Burke

Subjects
Competitive Behavior, Exercise Tolerance, Oxygen Consumption, Time Factors, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Task Performance and Analysis, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Nutritional Status, Sports Medicine, Diet, Sports
Abstract

Availability of carbohydrate as a substrate for the muscle and central nervous system is critical for the performance of both intermittent high-intensity work and prolonged aerobic exercise. Therefore, strategies that promote carbohydrate availability, such as ingesting carbohydrate before, during and after exercise, are critical for the performance of many sports and a key component of current sports nutrition guidelines. Guidelines for daily carbohydrate intakes have evolved from the "one size fits all" recommendation for a high-carbohydrate diets to an individualized approach to fuel needs based on the athlete's body size and exercise program. More recently, it has been suggested that athletes should train with low carbohydrate stores but restore fuel availability for competition ("train low, compete high"), based on observations that the intracellular signaling pathways underpinning adaptations to training are enhanced when exercise is undertaken with low glycogen stores. The present literature is limited to studies of "twice a day" training (low glycogen for the second session) or withholding carbohydrate intake during training sessions. Despite increasing the muscle adaptive response and reducing the reliance on carbohydrate utilization during exercise, there is no clear evidence that these strategies enhance exercise performance. Further studies on dietary periodization strategies, especially those mimicking real-life athletic practices, are needed.

Published
2010

11. BJSM reviews: A-Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance--Part 16

Author

M, Manore, R, Meeusen, B, Roelands, S, Moran, A D, Popple, M J, Naylor, L M, Burke, S J, Stear, and L M, Castell

Subjects
Coumaric Acids, Phenylpropionates, Hydroxybutyrates, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, General Medicine, Athletic Performance, Folic Acid Deficiency, Rats, Folic Acid, 4-Butyrolactone, Dietary Supplements, Animals, Humans, Female, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle, Skeletal, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Hypolipidemic Agents
Published
2010

12. FHIT mutations in human primary gastric cancer

Author

A, Gemma, K, Hagiwara, Y, Ke, L M, Burke, M A, Khan, M, Nagashima, W P, Bennett, and C C, Harris

Subjects
Open Reading Frames, Base Sequence, Stomach Neoplasms, Molecular Sequence Data, Humans, Proteins, Genes, Tumor Suppressor, Exons, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene Deletion, Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational, Acid Anhydride Hydrolases, Neoplasm Proteins
Abstract

Allelic deletion of multiple regions on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) implies the presence of multiple important tumor suppressor genes in human carcinogenesis. The FHIT gene, identified recently in chromosome 3p14.2, shows frequent allelic deletion and aberrant transcripts in gastrointestinal tumors. After determining the intron sequences flanking each of the coding exons of the FHIT gene and designing intron primers to facilitate mutation analysis of genomic DNA samples, we analyzed the complete coding sequences in matched cancer and normal tissues from 40 cases with primary gastric cancer using intron primers, PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and direct sequencing. A somatic missense mutation in exon 6, codon 61, ACG (threonine) --ATG (methionine) was found in a signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. We also evaluated allelic deletion in these tumors by PCR-based microsatellite analysis; allelic deletion occurred in 42.1% (16 of 38) of evaluable cases. This is the first report of a somatic missense mutation of the FHIT gene in a primary tumor. Presence of a point mutation and frequent allelic deletions are consistent with the hypothesis that FHIT gene alterations are involved in the development of primary gastric cancers.

Published
1997

13. Nutrition for post-exercise recovery

Author

L M, Burke

Subjects
Dehydration, Rehydration Solutions, Muscle Fatigue, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Muscle, Skeletal, Exercise, Glycogen, Liver Glycogen
Abstract

Recovery after exercise poses an important challenge to the modern athlete. Important issues include restoration of liver and muscle glycogen stores, and the replacement of fluid and electrolytes lost in sweat. Rapid resynthesis of muscle glycogen stores is aided by the immediate intake of carbohydrate (I g.kg-1 BM each 2 hours), particularly of high glycemic index carbohydrate foods, leading to a total intake over 24 hours of 7-10 g.kg-1 BM. Provided adequate carbohydrate is consumed it appears that the frequency of intake, the form (liquid versus solid) and the presence of other macronutrients does not affect the rate of glycogen storage. Practical considerations, such as the availability and appetite appeal of foods or drinks, and gastrointestinal comfort may determine ideal carbohydrate choices and intake patterns. Rehydration requires a special fluid intake plan since thirst and voluntary intake will not provide for full restoration of sweat losses in the acute phase (0-6 hr) of recovery. Steps should be taken to ensure that a supply of palatable drinks is available after exercise. Sweetened drinks are generally preferred and can contribute towards achieving carbohydrate intake goals. Replacement of sodium lost in sweat is important in maximising the retention of ingested fluids. A sodium content of 50-90 mmol.L-1 may be necessary for optimal rehydration; however commercial sports drinks are formulated with a more moderate sodium content (10-25 mmol.L-1). It may be necessary to consume 150% of fluid losses to allow for complete fluid restoration. Caffeine and alcohol containing beverages are not ideal rehydration fluids since they promote an increased rate of diuresis.

Published
1997

14. A Bronze Situla in the Museo Cristiano of the Vatican Library

Author

W. L. M. Burke

Subjects
History, Visual Arts and Performing Arts, media_common.quotation_subject, engineering, Art history, Character (symbol), Apostles, Art, Bronze, engineering.material, Holy See, media_common
Abstract

This paper is concerned with a bronze situla or liturgical bucket which has as its chief decoration a scene representing Christ with the twelve apostles. The situla (Figs. 1–3), of somewhat conical shape, is provided with a semicircular handle, and measures 23 cm. in height and 19 cm. in diameter. The entire exterior is decorated with incised figures and ornamental designs, in three bands. The technique is rather rude, consisting of short lines, and lines of dots and dashes. In addition, the surface of the situla is quite badly corroded, so that it is difficult to make out the exact character of some elements of the decoration.

Published
1930

18. A study of dietary patterns of elite Australian football players

Author

L M, Burke and R S, Read

Subjects
Adult, Male, Hemoglobins, Anthropometry, Humans, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Nutrition Surveys, Sports Medicine, Diet Surveys, Lipids, Sports
Abstract

This report describes the dietary patterns of 56 elite Australian Rules football players. Data collected included an anthropometric profile, training information, and measurements of haemoglobin and blood lipids. Information on dietary practices, for training and game preparation, was collected by interview and food diary. Analysis of training diets showed a mean energy intake of 14.2 MJ/day (0.17 MJ/kg/day). Mean protein intake was 126 g/day (1.5 g/kg/day). The proportions of dietary energy contributed by the macronutrients were carbohydrate, 44%; fat, 37%; protein, 15%; and alcohol, 4%. Mean daily intake of selected vitamins and minerals from food sources was: retinol activity, 1439 mg; thiamin, 1.7 mg; riboflavin, 2.8 mg; niacin equivalents, 45.1 mg; vitamin C, 139 mg; iron, 19.6 mg; and calcium, 1016 mg. Carbohydrate intake was considered low, but overall intake of nutrients studied was adequate.

Published
1988

19. Nutrition for the footballer

Author

L M, Burke

Subjects
Dietary Fiber, Alcohol Drinking, Body Weight, Dietary Carbohydrates, Football, Humans, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Sweating, Water-Electrolyte Balance, Dietary Fats
Abstract

Optimum fitness and performance are influenced by many factors of lifestyle and training. The dedicated footballer should consider his diet as an integral part of his training programme. This involves attention to daily nutrition as well as the specialised needs for sport.

Published
1984

20. Successful weight reduction programmes

Author

L M, Burke

Subjects
Dietary Fiber, Diet, Reducing, Behavior Therapy, Body Weight, Physical Exertion, Australia, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Obesity, Middle Aged, Energy Metabolism, Dietary Fats
Published
1982

23. A study of carbohydrate loading techniques used by marathon runners

Author

L M, Burke and R S, Read

Subjects
Adult, Male, Muscles, Physical Exertion, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Glycogen, Running
Abstract

Carbohydrate loading techniques were studied in a survey of 76 marathon runners. It was found that these runners practised a variety of methods that they believed would achieve carbohydrate loading. Analysis of records of food use showed that the diets actually used by runners did not reach the level of carbohydrate specified in the high carbohydrate phase of the glycogen loading regimens reported in the literature. It is suggested that in a free-living situation, without specific instructions or a knowledge of nutrition and food composition, runners are limited in their ability to achieve the dietary requirements of carbohydrate loading.

24. Lucas Cranach the Elder

Author

W. L. M. Burke

Subjects
History, Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Published
1936

25. Der Karolingische Goldaltar von Mailand

Author

Victor Elbern, Ronald Jessup, Walter Paatz, Paul Thoby, and William L. M. Burke

Subjects
History, Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Published
1955

26. The Bronze Doors of San Paolo Fuori le Mura: Model for a Modern Enamel Triptych

Author

W. L. M. Burke

Subjects
Enamel paint, media_common.quotation_subject, Transept, Art, engineering.material, Archaeology, Nave, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Doors, Bronze, media_common
Abstract

ON THE NIGHT of July 15, 1823, the basilica of St. Paul's Outside-the-Walls at Rome suffered a disastrous fire which destroyed the nave as far as the transept, and ruined the great bronze doors of the main portal. Shortly after this deplorable accident and possibly commemorative of it, there was made a triptych of copper and enamel which is now in the Museo Nazionale at Palermo.

Published
1932

28. A-Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance - Part 25.

Author

Lundy, B., J. C. Miller, Jackson, K., Senchina, D. S., L. M. Burke, S. J. Stear, and Castell, L. M.

Subjects
DIETARY supplements, MELATONIN, MELAMINE, AUTOIMMUNE diseases, ADHESIVES
Abstract

The article presents the 25th part of a series of articles about the nutritional supplements for health and sport performance. It specifically discusses the sleep enhancer melatonin, melamine, and methylsulphonylmethane (MSM). It claims that MSM has been utilized as supplement for pain relief in various autoimmune diseases. It cites that melamine is employed in the manufacture of plastics and adhesives.

Published
2011
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