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the aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of ozone insufflation/injection in conservative surgical approaches of oNJ in two cancer patients.

Backgroun of this study is to investigate the PD-l1 expression in the Microenvironment of oral Squamous cell carcinoma (oScc) samples and its correlation to prognostic data.

the following review was performed to answer to the question “What is the rate of incidence of oral stomatitis in patients treated with VegF tKis?”

OAtrophic maxilla is a challenge in dental implant surgery, and new strategies are needed. We present a new minimally-invasive approach, called "Spider Zygoma", consisting of implant-supported prosthesis with the addition of customized maxillofacial plates and screws on surface of zygomatic bone. A 3D-model of the edentulous upper jaw was used as preoperative model. Two customized bone plates were created and used as guide for placement of implants and zygomatic screws. Although this is only a pilot study, this new surgical technique seems to be safe and accurate, confirmed by the maintenance of good aesthetic and functional results after 5-year follow-up.

Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_0022034518762090 for Predictive Prognostic Value of Tissue-Based MicroRNA Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis by G. Troiano, F. Mastrangelo, V.C.A. Caponio, L. Laino, N. Cirillo, and L. Lo Muzio in Journal of Dental Research

In 1979, Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) were approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an effective method in the treatment of non-unions. As well as PEMFs, also static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been widely investigated in orthopaedic studies. Even if the exact mechanism of action is not well understood, a large number of studies showed specific effects both at cellular and tissue levels. As bone fracture healing and osseointegration share the same biological events, the application of magnetic field stimulation in order to facilitate the osseointegration process has been suggested. In this study we investigated BIC and newly formed bone volume around dental implants inserted in the tibia of New Zealand rabbits after SMF stimulation, generated by a small-customized cover-screw-shaped neodymium-iron-bore magnet placed in the inner cavity of dental implants. As a result, we found that the SMF field generated around dental implants enhanced bone healing in the animal model. Our findings represent, to our knowledge, the first ready clinical technique for dental implants showing the ability of SMF to promote the osteogenesis process in vivo.

Since 1979, Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an effective method in the treatment of non-unions. As well as PEMFs, also static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been widely investigated in orthopaedic studies. Even if the exact mechanism of action is not well understood, a large number of studies showed specific effects both at cellular and tissue levels. As bone fracture healing and osseointegration share the same biological events, the application of magnetic field stimulation in order to facilitate the osseointegration process has been suggested. In this study we investigated the proliferation rate and gene expression profile of MG63 osteoblastic-like cells after a 24, 48 and 72-hour SMF stimulation, generated by a small, customized cover screw-shaped neodymium-iron-bore magnet placed in the inner cavity of a dental implant. As a result, we found that the application of a SMF to osteoblastic-like cells does slightly decrease cell proliferation rate while enhancing the expression of those genes correlated to differentiation and mineralization. Our findings represent, to our knowledge, the first clinical ready technique for dental implants showing the ability of SMF to promote the osteogenesis process in vitro.

Aim. Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a serious sideeffect of amine bisphosphonate (NBP) and/or other antiresorptive agents frequently used in the management of osteometabolic and cancer-related condition. The traditional ONJ definition exclude patients who present the non-exposed variant. However, according to recent data, staging and monitoring of ONJ should be closely linked to clinical and radiological manifestation regardless of the presence of bone exposed. The aim of this study was a descriptive analysis of a case series of patients with non-exposed ONJ (exclusively related to NBP) monitoring for two years. Methods. From 2012 to 2014, 16 patient [7 oncological (F/M=3/4; mean age=66,28 years) and 9 osteoporotic (F/ M=9/0; mean age=67,22 years)] with non-exposed ONJ, clinically and radiologically confirmed, were consecutively enrolled. All oncological patients took zolendronate (IV); the majority of osteoporotic patients (44,4%) used alendronate (OS). All patients were staged at diagnosis (T0) and treated according to SICMF/SIPMO recommendations (www.sipmo.it); then were monitored for 24 months especially focusing on bone exposition. During the followup period, data on symptoms (presence/absence of pain) and/or clinical and radiological ONJ status (i.e. reduction or extension of necrotic bone, occurrence or remission of intraoral/extraoral fistula) were registered. Finally, a new staging was carried at the end of monitoring time (T1). A descriptive analysis was performed. Results. At T0, 8 patients (50%) were staged as early ONJ (stage 1), 6 patients (37,5%) as advanced (stage 2) and 2 patients (12,5%) as complicated (stage 3). At T1, among the 8 patients with stage 1, 6 maintained the non-exposed bone condition and 7 the same stage; for the 6 patients with stage 2, 2 maintained the non-exposed bone condition, 2 healed and 2 died during the follow-up period. About pain, the majority of patients (62,5%) have experienced an improvement of their symptoms. Conclusion. In the majority of supervised patients, the bone exposition has not occurred during the two years of follow-up. As well as for diagnosis, also for the monitoring of patients of ONJ, other clinical ad instrumental features must be considered.

Summary Background Cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) are a spectrum of disease associated with a favourable prognosis. Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), although morphologically and phenotypically similar, differs in clinical presentation and has a less favourable biological behaviour. Dysregulation of apoptosis, the process regulating cell population by programmed death, can explain the differences among these disorders. Objectives We investigated the expression of two inhibitors of apoptosis, survivin and Bcl-2 protein, in serial skin lesion samples from CD30+ LPDs compared with systemic ALCL. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies against anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-1 protein, survivin and Bcl-2 protein was performed in 10 cutaneous CD30+ LPDs (five lymphomatoid papulosis, five ALCL) and 18 systemic ALCLs. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction studies for ALK and ALK/nucleophosmin were also performed. Results Cutaneous CD30+ LPDs shared a heterogeneous expression of cytoplasmic survivin with all systemic ALCLs, and of Bcl-2 with systemic ALK− ALCLs; however, they differ from systemic ALK− ALCLs because they lack nuclear survivin (P = 0·045), and from systemic ALK+ ALCLs by a higher expression of Bcl-2 (P = 0·045) and a lack of ALK-1. Overall, coexpression of Bcl-2 and nuclear survivin in CD30+ LPDs was associated with a less favourable disease survival. Conclusions The different patterns of expression of Bcl-2 and survivin in CD30+ LPDs might have an impact on their different biological and clinical behaviour. Moreover, nuclear localization of survivin, similarly to ALK, may be a useful marker for predicting a systemic form of ALCL with cutaneous presentation.

Calcium phosphate ceramics have been applied in bone replacement for several decades due to their excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity, osteo-conductivity and mechanical strength. Several studies have demonstrated that porous hydroxyapatite (HA) is an excellent scaffold for osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of the osteoprogenitor cells. However, different methods of synthesis and production of HA ceramic-based materials may have considerable effect on the physical and biological properties. In the present work, two hydroxyapatite-based materials, a natural hydroxyapatite ceramic of bovine origin and a synthetic nano-cristalline hydroxyapatite were tested in vitro with MG63 cell line. The results displayed that both the materials demonstrated a good biocompatibility. The immunocytochemical stain revealed a different positivity of the osteogenic markers between the cultures with the biomaterials, and the control culture. Western blot data confirmed the immunocytochemical stain. Both the materials tested in the present study demonstrated a good biocompatibility with the osteoblastic cells allowing, at the same time, the osteogenic differentiation, and they may be useful in clinical use.

The oral mucous membrane has features similar to skin but also differs in several ways. This paper reviews the aspects of epithelial biology necessary for an understanding of the vesiculoerosive disorders.

The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) was a rare jawbone cyst described in 1988 by Gardner et al.1 as a distinct entity. This lesion can involve either jaw, but the anterior region of the mandible was the most commonly affected area. Clinical and radiographic findings were not specific, and the diagnosis of GOC can be extremely difficult due to the rarity of this lesion. The cyst presented a wall constituted by fibrous connective tissue and was lined by a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of variable thickness. Large areas of the lining epithelium presented cylinder cells, sometimes ciliated. A variable amount of mucina was occasionally noted. Due to the strong similarities, this cyst can be easily misdiagnosed as a central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMEC). Immunohistochemistry may be an aid in diagnosis; in fact Pires et al.2 have demonstrated that there were differences in the expression of cytokeratins (CK) in GOC and CMEC. In this study, we reported a new case of GOC in a 38-year-old female patient. The lesion was asymptomatic and was discovered as an incidental finding by a dentist some months before. Oral examination showed normal appearance and color of mucosa. Radiographic examination showed a well-defined, unilocular lesion extending in the left mandible anterior body, in an intraradicular position. The teeth were all vital. The lesion was subjected by surgical enucleation, and the material was sent for histopathological examination. Histopahological analysis of the lesion revealed cyst wall with focally ciliated epithelium lining of variable thickness. The superficial layer of the epithelium showed metaplastic mucous cell with intraepithelial microcystic area. The results of immunohistochemistry revealed strong positive activity for CK 19 in all layer of the epithelium. The postoperative course was uneventful, and there was no recurrence during the 18 months follow-up period.

A. Santoro1,2, G. Pannone1, S. Papagerakis5, R. Serpico3, A. Guida3, L. Lo Muzio4 and P. Bufo1 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology, University of Foggia, Foggia, 2Department of Surgical Sciences, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari, Bari, 3Department of Oral Pathology, Orthodontics and Oral Surgery, Second University of Napoli, Napoli, 4Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Oral Pathology, University of Foggia, Foggia, 5Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Medical School University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, 1,2,3,4Italy 5USA

In this work authors show a diagnostic criteria in study of TMID: neuro occlusal clinical evaluation (NOE), T-Scan 2 system and surface electromyography (sEMG).Nine patients 25-30 years old with TMID problem and 9 healthy group control have been selected and examined. On each patients it has been performed NOE, T-Scan and sEMG test. NOE has been calculated on each patient photos lateral mandibular excursion angle called: masticatory functional angle (AFM). T-Scan System is a computerized occlusal analyzer that provide in-depth understanding of the overall balance of the occlusion. At the same time of T-Scan record sEMG tests, in resting position and in maximum clench, have been performed.In healthy control there were no AFM difference. In no healthy group there were difference between the two AFM greater than 6 degrees. T-Scan COF showed how in healthy group control there was never a difference of COF greater than 5%. In no healthy group the difference were greater than 5% P0.05. T-scan showed difference of time force in maximum intercuspidation (MIFT) in healthy respect TMID patients. In healthy patients MIFT was higher than TMID patients P0.05. sEMG test showed in non healthy group a great asymmetrical activation of masseter (MM). MM activation were greater on side affected by joint sound than the balance side P0.001. sEMG show how in TMID patients maximum masseter activation is always lower than maximum masseter activation of healthy subjects P0.001.Neuro occlusal clinical evaluation (NOE) in TMID patients is supported by instrumental evaluation.

A large number of oral cancer patients shows poor or partial response to chemotherapy and the mechanisms are poorly understood. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is one of the molecules involved in resistance to natural product-based chemotherapeutics. It is an enzyme able to conjugate several substances (metabolites, drugs) to reduct glutathione. Today several isoenzymes of GST are known: GST-alpha, GST-mu, GST-pi, GST-theta. Over-expression of glutathione S-transferase-pi class isozyme is often associated with malignant transformation. Several studies reported that GST-pi staining patterns and their distribution may be helpful in identifying high-risk oral lesions. However, GST is surely involved in resistance to alchilant agents.To verify the possibility of implication of GST in oral cancerogenesis and in natural chemioresistance, the authors examined the protein expression patterns by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded specimens of primary untreated oral cancers (OSCC).GST-a and GST-pi expression in 17 cases of OSCC at different degree of cellular differentiation have been evaluated by immunohistochemistry.The GST-pi expression in primary tumours predominantly varied from mild to moderate levels. The GST-a expression was often quite similar to GST-pi expression with a few exceptions.Expression of GST enzymes is an important signal for multidrug resistance: positive staining for both GST-pi and GST-a could constitute a hallmark of chemoresistant groups of OSSC.

OBJECTIVE: Desquamative gingivitis (DG) represents the gingival manifestation associated with several mucocutaneous disorders and systemic conditions. Little is known of whether or not DG could influence the onset or progression of plaque-related periodontitis. In this study, the potential impact of DG on plaque-related attachment loss and pocket formation has been evaluated. METHODS: A cross-sectional evaluation of 12 patients with DG [eight oral lichen planus (OLP), four mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP)], never treated for DG lesions or plaque-related periodontitis, was carried out. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), fullmouth plaque (FMPS), and bleeding (FMBS) scores were evaluated at six sites per tooth. Clinical parameters of sites with DG lesions were compared with that of DG unaffected sites. RESULTS: Median PD and CAL, as well as FMPS and FMBS, were not significantly different (P > 0.05 Mann– Whitney test) for both OLP and MMP patients. However, a negative association between DG lesions and PD < 4 mm (OLP: OR = 0.26; MMP: OR = 0.47), and a positive association with PD 4–6 mm (OLP: OR = 3.76; MMP: OR = 2.68) and with PD > 6 mm (only for OLP: OR = 3.83) were found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS: The potential interference between DG lesions and periodontitis needs further prospective investigation; nonetheless, a higher level of attention might be prudent

Head and neck cancer is the eighth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Its incidence varies widely among different regions. In North America and the European Union, head and neck cancer accounts for 3% to 4% of all cancer diagnoses. Conversely, in Southeast Asia and Africa, head and neck cancer accounts for approximately 8% to 10% of all cancers. Although the incidence of head and neck cancers has decreased slightly from 1975 to 2002 in the United States, approximately 46,000 new cases are still expected in 2007 alone. Even if surgery and radiotherapy have remained the core therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). Radiotherapy following surgery was the standard approach to the treatment of locoregionally advanced (LA-HNSCC) resectable disease. However, some recent developments highlighted the expanding role of chemotherapy, which is increasingly being incorporated in the management of HNSCC. Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy has shown benefits in randomized trials; in addition, chemotherapy is used by itself as palliative therapy for patients with metastatic disease. As our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in cancer development improves, we are better able to identify potential targets for biological therapy and to apply novel strategies to the preclinical study and clinical treatment of head and neck cancers. Current avenues of research, focusing on clinical studies evaluating antibody directed therapies and gene replacement strategies for head and neck cancer are discussed.

In the last years prevention of temporomandiboular joint (TMJ) disease had acquired great importance. According to the neuro-occlusal rehabilitation (RNO) it is possible to say that TMJ disease starts since first years of life. So it is important both for dentist and for pediatric know what are the conditions and the atypical functions which predispose to this pathology. The aim of this work was to show how it is possible to intercept since primary teeth and the correct norms of primary and secondary prevention.

A possible relationship between periodontal diseases (PDs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been supposed and investigated. This review of the literature focuses exclusively on published studies on current theories and models of correlation between PDs and CVDs. A literature search of clinical and observational studies, in the English language, was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, OVID database and Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trial Register. In addition, references cited in reviewed studies were evaluated for relevant papers. Various mechanisms are described in order to explain this possible association such as a hyper-responsive inflammatory response to chronic infections in predisposed individuals, and systemic effects of periodontal microorganisms including blood platelet aggregation, atheroma formation, increase in lipid levels, activation of acute phase reaction and systemic production of proinflammatory mediators, but a ultimate relation as well as the potential mechanisms have not been defined yet. Controversial result can be related to different method or objectives of studies including different study design, exposure evaluation, outcome variables and clinical endpoints considered. This paper provides a narrative review of the epidemiological studies dealing with the potential association between PDs and cardiovascular events. A precise association between PDs and CVDs, as well as the involved mechanisms are not yet well defined. Additional large-scale longitudinal epidemiological and intervention studies are necessary to validate this association.