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High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity results in bone loss associated with an imbalanced gut microbiota and altered immune status.

The reaction of Co(OAc)2·4H2O with multisite coordinated salamo-based ligand H2L containing six coordinating sites in presence of co-ligand NCS- anions afforded successfully a trinuclear Co(II) complex [Co3(L)2(NCS)2]. The trinuclear Co(II) complex has been characterized by elemental analyses, UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic methods and DFT calculation. In addition, the structure of the Co(II) complex has been confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. X-ray crystal structure analysis of the Co(II) complex revealed that the Co(II) complex consists of three Co(II) atoms coordinated by two fully deprotonated ligand (L)2- units and co-ligand NCS- anions. The close surveillance of the crystal structure of the Co(II) complex discloses some notable non-covalent interactions like H-bonding, C-H···π and π···π. The luminescent property of the Co(II) complex has been studied in methanol solution. Apart from, as a complementary revelation, intermolecular interactions with respect to percentages of hydrogen bondings in the X-ray crystal structure of the trinuclear Co(II) complex was quantified by analyses of Hirshfeld surfaces and fingerprint plots.

An unprecedented dinuclear Ni(II) complex [{Ni2(L)(HL)(μ-OAc)(H2O)}2]·3CH3CH2OH is successfully synthesized by the complexation of an asymmetric salamo-based ligand (H2L) and Ni(II) acetate tetrahydrate and characterized by elemental analyses, UV-Vis and IR spectra, and X-ray crystallography analyses. Surprisingly, in the asymmetric unit of the Ni(II) complex, a fully deprotonated ligand (L)2– unit and a partially deprotonated ligand (HL)– unit wrapps two Ni(II) atoms, with the μ-OAc– anion bridging two adjacent Ni(II) atoms. The two Ni(II) atoms possess different coordination environments and twisted octahedral geometries. The hexacoordinated Ni(II) atom (Ni1) is located in the N2O4 donor cavity, but another hexacoordinated Ni(II) atom (Ni2) is located in a NO5 donor coordination environment. Meanwhile, a1D chain structure is formed by two N—O⋯π interactions. Hirshfeld surfaces and fluorescent properties are investigated.

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) is widely used as a leafy vegetable and spice in China and North Africa. Recent studies have reported that fenugreek can reduce fatigue; however, its antifatigue mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential antifatigue effects of fenugreek extract (FE) on mitophagy and the underlying mechanisms.We evaluated the potential effects of FE tablet on an exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue (EEF) rat model. Oxidative stress indicators and fatigue biomarkers in the serum and skeletal muscle were detected. Mitophagy and mitochondrial morphology were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins were detected using western blot and immunofluorescence.Compared with the model group, FE enhanced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase as well as total antioxidant capacity; however, it decreased the level of malondialdehyde in the serum and skeletal muscle after a 7-day treatment. Moreover, certain indicators of mitochondrial function, such as reactive oxygen species levels, ATP levels, cellular and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, and ATPase activity, were significantly improved in the FE group compared with the model group. Finally, we found that mitophagy was induced by exhaustive exercise and inhibited by FE. Regarding mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins, the expression levels of LC3B, FUNDC1, PGAM5, PARKIN, and PINK1 in the skeletal muscle tissue were increased in the EEF group compared with the control group. After administration of FE and a positive control drug, a significant reversal in the expression of the above-mentioned proteins was noted.Our findings demonstrate that FE exerted antifatigue effects in the EEF rat model by regulating the mitophagy-related FUNDC1/LC3B signaling pathway rather than the PINK1/PARKIN signaling pathway.

A novel tetranuclear Ni(II) complex [Ni4(L)2(N3)4Cl(MeOH)3]·CH3COCH3 is synthesized via a symmetrical salamo-based ligand H2L, NiCl2·6H2O, and NaN3. The structure is characterized by elemental analyses, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The X-ray crystal analysis shows that Ni(II) atoms in the Ni(II) complex have distorted octahedral geometries. It is the key factor that the ligand containing 3-position methoxy groups gives rise to the formation of the tetranuclear Ni(II) complex. When $$\text{NO}_{3}^{-}$$ anions are used to bridge two Ni2 atoms, there are two symmetrical open cubic structures. The Ni(II) complex forms a 3D supramolecular structure through intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions. Using the Hirshfeld surface to clarify interactions between the molecules, the percentages of C–H/H–C, O–H/H–O, and H–H/H–H contacts are calculated as 19.0%, 15.3%, and 54.0%, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) studies show that the stability of the Ni(II) complex is much higher than that of H2L. The calculation of the fluorescence titration experiment can give K = 1.05·108 M–1, which further proves the stability of the Ni(II) complex.

Prediabetes mellitus (Pre-DM) is an intermediate state of hyperglycemia between normal blood glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). More than half of adults in China suffer from Pre-DM. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly caused by microorganisms in dental plaque. It shares common risk factors and interacts with non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Pre-DM may increase the risk of periodontitis, and the latter may also influence the development and progress of diabetes. Oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and intestinal flora are the main mechanisms by which Pre-DM and periodontitis interconnect with each other. This article mainly reviews the relationship between Pre-DM and periodontitis and potential related mechanisms, providing a new basis for the prevention and treatment of both.糖尿病前期（pre-diabetes mellitus，Pre-DM）是介于正常血糖稳态和2型糖尿病之间的中间高血糖状态，我国一半以上的成年人处于Pre-DM。牙周炎主要是由菌斑微生物引起的慢性炎症性疾病，与糖尿病等非传染性疾病的发生具有共同的危险因素，且互相影响。Pre-DM可能增加罹患牙周炎的风险，牙周炎也可能影响糖尿病的发生和发展。氧化应激、系统性炎症、肠道菌群是目前牙周炎与Pre-DM互相联系的主要机制。本文主要对Pre-DM与牙周炎的关系及潜在的相关机制进行综述，为两者的防治提供新的依据。.

The state attaches great importance to the issue of the right to the use of rural land. At present, China is carrying out a large-scale mapping and confirmation of rural house sites and rural houses. The traditional measurement method mainly adopts total station or RTK manual measurement method, which is characterized by high work intensity, complex operation procedure and labor-consuming. There are hundreds of thousands of villages in China. With the development of science and technology, it is an inevitable trend to use new technologies in rural cadastral surveys to improve their efficiency and quality. LiDAR scanning technology has the advantages of high efficiency, flexibility, reliability, and high accuracy, which meet the requirements of tasks and schedules that are difficult to complete with traditional measurement methods. This paper is based on the AS-300H multi-platform LiDAR system of Huace Navigation, which integrates UAV and vehicle LiDAR for cadastral surveying and mapping. It proves that LiDAR using in rural cadastral mapping has low labor intensity, high efficiency and accuracy. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of LiDAR technology for cadastral mapping are also summarized and elaborated, which has a good reference and significance for those who are currently conducting rural housing and cadastral mapping work.

1. The thymus and bursa of Fabricius are important immune organs in poultry as they play essential roles in sustaining the normal immune function to maintain health. The following trial investigated whether the stocking density affected gene expressions in immune organs. 2. Jinding ducklings were raised in either low or high density (4 or 8 birds/m2) conditions from four to 14 weeks of age, and were then slaughtered and tissues removed. Samples were subjected to high-throughput sequencing to sequence RNA extraction. After filtering calculations with R software, a total of 508 (thymus) and 1,356 (bursa of Fabricius) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, suggesting that stocking density has an effect on gene expression in duck immune organs. 3. Out of a total of 112 immune factor genes and 112 immune pattern receptor genes in ducks, four thymus and 18 bursa of Fabricius genes were differentially expressed in ducks, which indicated that the change of stocking density could affect the expression of immune genes in poultry.

Objective Coronary intravascular imaging allows visualization and characterization of vessel wall. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography has optimized stent deployment techniques, reduced periprocedural outcomes and reduced long-term major cardiovascular events. We sought to investigate the outcomes of imaging guided to conventional angiography guided PCI with reference to in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS) and total hospital charge. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the 2016–2017 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) which is the largest collection of inpatient hospitalization data in the United States. Patients admitted with a principal diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent PCI with and without intravascular imaging was determined using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth revision codes. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality while secondary outcomes are showed in table 1. STATA software was used for the analysis. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to adjust for confounders. Results There were over 71 million hospital discharges in the combined 2016 and 2017 NIS database. Admission for ACS in adult patients (aged ≥18 years) who underwent PCI yielded 622,855 results. Among this group, 27, 520 (4.4%) had imaging guided PCI while 595,335 (95.6%) had PCI without imaging. Patients with imaging guided PCI had lower inpatient mortality (3.2% vs 2.3%, AOR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.60–0.90, p=0.004) compared to PCI with angiographic data alone. Imaging guided PCI had an adjusted increased mean LOS of 0.16 days (3.8 vs 3.7 days, CI: 006–0.26, p=0.002) with an adjusted increased mean total hospital charge of $13, 206 ($120,203 vs $104,916, p= Conclusion Patients hospitalized for ACS who had imaging guided PCI had reduced inpatient hospital mortality compared to those who had PCI without imaging guidance. Overall utilization of imaging was less than 5% in 2016–2017, however it is expected to be higher in recent years with improvements in clinical practice, training and available scientific evidence. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Terahertz (THz) magneto-optical (MO) properties of monolayer (ML) tungsten disulfide (

报告1例男性、66岁的小肠胃肠间质瘤（GIST）伴肝、肺和骨转移患者的治疗经过。在先后经过口服伊马替尼400 mg/d、舒尼替尼37.5 mg/d、瑞戈非尼80 mg/d和120 mg/d以及放疗后，疾病仍在复发进展，并由单一的基因突变出现了复杂的基因复合突变。即选择瑞派替尼150 mg/d口服，7周后评效达部分缓解，表现为肺转移瘤较前明显退缩，其余病灶稳定或有不同程度缩小，治疗过程顺利，无药物相关性不良反应发生。.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the major underlying factor for most CVD. It is well-established that oxidative stress and inflammation are two major mechanisms leading to atherosclerosis. Under oxidative stress, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-containing phospholipids and cholesterol esters in cellular membrane and lipoproteins can be readily oxidized through a free radical-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) process to form a complex mixture of oxidation products. Overwhelming evidence demonstrates that these oxidized lipids are actively involved in the inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis by interacting with immune cells (such as macrophages) and endothelial cells. In addition to lipid lowering in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic CVD, targeting chronic inflammation has been entering the medical realm. Clinical trials are under way to lower the lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and its associated oxidized phospholipids, which will provide clinical evidence that targeting inflammation caused by oxidized lipids is a viable approach for CVD. In this review, we aim to give an update on our understanding of the free radical oxidation of LPO, analytical technique to analyze the oxidation products, especially the oxidized phospholipids and cholesterol esters in low density lipoproteins (LDL), and focusing on the experimental and clinical evidence on the role of lipid oxidation in the inflammatory responses associated with CVD, including myocardial infarction and calcific aortic valve stenosis. The challenges and future directions in understanding the role of LPO in CVD will also be discussed.

The ways cities grow and evolve spatially are crucial factors which affect urban aerosol pollution. Understanding the spatial distribution of air pollutants and their correlations with urban form is of great significance to the improvement of urban atmospheric environment and regional sustainable development of urbanization. In this study, we firstly examined the spatial variations of satellite-derived PM2.5 and NO2 and urban form metrics in Guangdong, and also explored their relationships. The results indicated that the highest and lowest values of PM2.5 and NO2 mainly occur over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, and over the eastern Guangdong, respectively. For the size and shape of urban patches, urban form had significant effects on air pollutants in Guangdong. PM2.5 was positively correlated with AREA_AM, CA and SHAPE_AM, and NO2 was positively correlated with LPI, PLAND and AREA_AM, while both of them were negatively related to PARA _AM and ENN_AM. It is inferred that polycentric urban form was associated with low PM2.5 and NO2 concentration, and reasonable urban planning would help mitigate the fine particle pollution.

The hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of a core-shell (soft coarse-grained Ti cores and hard Ti-N solid solution shells) structured titanium alloy were investigated under 800–950 °C at a strain rate range of 0.001–1 s−1. The core-shell structured titanium alloys exhibit a higher flow stress (195 MPa deformed at 800 °C/0.1 s−1) compared with that of pure Ti (48 MPa deformed at 800 °C/0.1 s−1), suggesting that core-shell structure promotes a strengthening effect of titanium alloys. The nitrogen solution strengthened hard shells squash along compression direction playing a roll of skeleton and the soft cores accommodate the deformation, leading to inhomogeneous deformation. Dynamic recrystallization takes place mainly adjacent to the shells due to stress and strain concentration. The improvement compression stress of core-shell structured titanium alloys is attributed to the nitrogen-induced solution strengthening and core-shell structure itself, together with the inhabited plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization by core-shell structure.

The dislocation width and lattice resistance (Peierls stress) of a γ-TiAl alloy are calculated by the density ratio method. The lattice resistance is shown to decrease with the dislocation width. The relationship between the Peierls stress and dislocation width variation is defined by theoretical derivation. The yield stress is negatively correlated with the shear stress of the material. It can become a useful tool for choosing an appropriate shear stress under deformation. Методом отношения плотностей рассчитаны ширина дислокации и сопротивление решетки (напряжение Пайерлса). Результаты показывают, что сопротивление решетки уменьшается с увеличением ширины дислокации. Путем расчета получена зависимость между напряжением Пайерлса и дислокационным упрочнением, свидетельствующая о том, что предел текучести отрицательно коррелирует с напряжением сдвига материала. Поэтому она может дать полезную информацию для выбора соответствующего напряжения сдвига в процессе растяжения. Методом відносини щільностей розраховані ширина дислокації і опір решітки (напруження Пайерлса). Результати показують, що опір решітки зменшується зі збільшенням ширини дислокації. Шляхом розрахунку отримана залежність між напруженням Пайерлса і дислокаційним зміцненням, яка свідчить про те, що межа плинності негативно корелює з напруженням зсуву матеріалу. Тому вона може дати корисну інформацію для вибору відповідного напруження зсуву в процесі розтягування.

Cockscomb seeds-derived carbon dots (CSCDs) were fabricated by hydrothermal method with common cockscomb seeds. The prepared CSCDs exhibit selectively antibacterial properties towards Gram-positive bacterias, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Then, the CSCDs were separated to three groups with lipophilic, amphipathic and hydrophilic ones by simple gradient extraction. Interestingly, the three groups of CSCDs exhibited different antibacterial activities, and the amphipathic CSCDs(ACSCDs) showed best bacterial inhibition. This phenomenon might stem from the surface properties of the amphipathic CSCDs, which have both hydrophilic region and hydrophilic region on the surface. The structure might help the samples to penetrate the bacterial membrane more easily, and finally cause apoptosis. This work not only supplied a novel antibacterial carbon dots, but also further revealed that surface chemistry might be an important factor which could affect the bactericidal performance of carbon dots.

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme detoxifying acetaldehyde and endogenous lipid aldehydes; previous studies suggest a protective role of ALDH2 against cardiovascular disease (CVD). Around 40% of East Asians carrying the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ALDH2 rs671 have an increased incidence of CVD. However, the role of ALDH2 in CVD beyond alcohol consumption remains poorly defined. Here we report that ALDH2/LDLR double knockout (DKO) mice have decreased atherosclerosis compared with LDLR-KO mice, whereas ALDH2/APOE-DKO mice have increased atherosclerosis, suggesting an unexpected interaction of ALDH2 with LDLR. Further studies demonstrate that in the absence of LDLR, AMPK phosphorylates ALDH2 at threonine 356 and enables its nuclear translocation. Nuclear ALDH2 interacts with HDAC3 and represses transcription of a lysosomal proton pump protein ATP6V0E2, critical for maintaining lysosomal function, autophagy, and degradation of oxidized low-density lipid protein. Interestingly, an interaction of cytosolic LDLR C-terminus with AMPK blocks ALDH2 phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear translocation, whereas ALDH2 rs671 mutant in human macrophages attenuates this interaction, which releases ALDH2 to the nucleus to suppress ATP6V0E2 expression, resulting in increased foam cells due to impaired lysosomal function. Our studies reveal a novel role of ALDH2 and LDLR in atherosclerosis and provide a molecular mechanism by which ALDH2 rs671 SNP increases CVD.

Nav1.5通道是经典的心肌细胞特异型钠通道，由SCN5A基因编码。SCN5A是负责调控多种心脏功能的主要基因，在心脏发育和疾病的发生中有着重要的作用。但近年来，陆续有研究报道了神经型钠通道基因SCN10A及其编码的Nav1.8通道不仅与多种心律失常的发生有关，还与心力衰竭和肥厚心肌的离子通道重构有关，提示SCN10A/Nav1.8可能是除SCN5A/Nav1.5外，潜在的参与心脏疾病发生的钠通道。这不仅更新了以往对心脏钠通道种类的经典认识，同时也为相关疾病的治疗提供了一个新的靶点。本文就SCN10A/Nav1.8在心血管疾病中的研究进展进行综述。.

The purpose of this study was to uncover the role of microRNA-665 (miR-665) in protecting inflammatory response in microglia following spinal cord injury (SCI) and the underlying mechanism.The serum levels of miR-665 and TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid 2) in SCI patients (n=24) and healthy subjects (n=24) were detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction in BV2 cells, the relative levels of miR-665 and TREM2 were detected by qRT-PCR, and relative levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the culture medium were examined by ELISA. Next, TREM2, the target gene of miR-665, was determined by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay, and the relationship between the expression levels of TREM2 and miR-665 in SCI patients and BV2 cells was analyzed. Finally, the regulatory effects of miR-665 and TREM2 on IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the culture medium of LPS-induced BV2 cells were assessed.It was found that miR-665 was downregulated in serum of SCI patients and LPS-induced BV2 cells, while TREM2 was upregulated. Silenced miR-665 or overexpressed TREM2 was involved in protecting inflammatory response following SCI. Besides, rescue experiments showed that miR-665 participated in the regulation of inflammatory response following SCI by targeting TREM2.MiR-665 inhibits inflammatory response following SCI by targeting TREM2.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart attack, stroke, heart failure, arrhythmia, and other congenital heart diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The leading cause of deaths in CVD is attributed to myocardial infarction due to the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerosis refers a condition when restricted or even blockage of blood flow occurs due to the narrowing of blood vessels as a result of the buildup of plaques composed of oxidized lipids. It is well-established that free radical oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in lipoproteins or cell membranes, termed lipid peroxidation (LPO), plays a significant role in atherosclerosis. LPO products are involved in immune responses and cell deaths in this process, in which previous evidence supports the role of programmed cell death (apoptosis) and necrosis. Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides to lethal levels, which exhibits distinct features from apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy in morphology, biochemistry and genetics. Emerging evidence appears to demonstrate that ferroptosis is also involved in CVD. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on ferroptosis in CVD and atherosclerosis, highlighting the role of free radical LPO. The evidence underlying the ferroptosis and challenges in the field will also be critically discussed.

肿瘤微环境（tumor microenvironment，TME）与肿瘤的生存和发展密切相关。在TME中，巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞均具有促进肿瘤进展和转移的作用，且两者之间可能存在不同程度的相互作用。目前，越来越多的研究证实，肿瘤的发生与发展不仅是肿瘤细胞的基因突变所致，还与突变细胞对TME的适应过程有关。在临床实践中，开发出能同时靶向肿瘤细胞和TME的新治疗策略，将会为肿瘤的治疗指明新的方向。.