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The article analyzes properties of potassium and magnesium, which may exert vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-ischemic, antiaggregant, and antiarrhythmic effects. These are extremely important microelements and potentially beneficial therapeutic agents for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Herein we describe the investigation of a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-expressed human mAb molecule found partially modified by a +80 Da adduct. This mass difference, suggestive of a single sulfation or phosphorylation addition, was observed by mass analysis of the intact and reduced molecule by mass spectrometry (MS). The modification was located on tyrosine 31 (Y31) of the light chain in the complementarity-determining region 1 by liquid chromatography (LC)-MS peptide mapping and electron transfer dissociation fragmentation. The complete loss of the 80 Da modification moiety during collision induced dissociation fragmentation suggested this modification could not be a tyrosine phosphorylation. Treatment of the mAb with alkaline phosphatase confirmed our hypothesis. Western blot experiment using anti-tyrosine sulfation antibody and LC retention time correlation with corresponding synthetic sulfated peptides further confirmed the identification of tyrosine sulfation on the light chain. The unique sequence motif with neighboring acidic amino acids and local secondary structure might play a role to make Y31 a substrate residue for sulfation. This type of modification, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported for CHO-produced human IgG antibodies.

Aim. To estimate a risk factor frequency of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients urgently hospitalized in hospitals, and also to estimate of patients part having effective prevention of VTE. Material and methods. ENDORSE (Epidemiologic International Day for the Evaluation of Patients at Risk of Venous Thrombosis in Acute Hospital Care Setting) is the international register. Patients of 40 years and older hospitalised in therapeutic departments as well as patients of 18 years and older hospitalised in surgical departments (358 hospitals in 32 countries) were included in the register. The case history analysis of all patients was performed for estimation of risk VTE and evaluation of preventive therapy quality according to American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) Recommendation 2004. Results. Totally 68 183 patients (including 30 827 (45%) surgical patients and 37 356 (55%) therapeutic patients) were enrolled in Global ENDORSE Register. Russian centers enrolled 4 788 patients (including 2 829 (59%) surgical patients and 1 959 (41%) therapeutic patients). Totally 35 329 (51,8%) patients enrolled in Global ENDORSE Register (64,4% of surgical patients (19 842) and 41,5% of therapeutic patients (15 487)) had VTE risks. In Russia 2 188 enrolled patients (45,7%) had VTE risks (52% of surgical patients (1 470) and 36,7% of therapeutic patients (718). Totally 17 732 (50,2%) patients enrolled in Global Register ENDORSE and having VTE risks received VTE preventive therapy according to АССР Recommendations 2004. In Russia 521 (23,8%) patients enrolled in Global ENDORSE Register and having VTE risks received VTE preventive therapy according to АССР Recommendations 2004. It is more than 2 times less in comparison with world level (р

The aim of the study was proof of efficacy and safety of the drug Frinozol nasal spray in patients with acute respiratory infection (acute rhinitis). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized open-label study with active control included 134 ambulatory patients: men and women aged 18 to 65 years with acute upper respiratory tract infection (acute rhinitis) lasting no more than 48 hours before inclusion into the study. Patients were randomized in two groups: group 1 took Frinozol nasal spray 2 sprays per each nostril three times a day for 7 days, subjects randomized to the group 2 took Vibrocil at the same dose and treatment regimen. The primary efficacy endpoint in the study was assessment of the dynamics of symptoms such as nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, itching in the nose and hyposmia using 10 cm VAS in 1 day after the start of treatment compared to the baseline. Secondary endpoints included assessment of the dynamics of nasal symptoms after 7 days of treatment, changes in the values of the Congestion Quantifier 5, CQ-5 questionnaire and evaluation of the effectiveness by the investigator. Safety analysis was carried out throughout the study and included the assessment of adverse events, laboratory data, vital signs, ECG assessment. RESULTS: According to the results of the study and comparative analysis of the primary (assessment of the dynamics of nasal symptoms on a 10 cm visual analogue scale 1 day after the start of treatment) and secondary efficacy endpoints as well as a comprehensive safety analysis, it can be concluded that the study drug is not inferior to the reference drug. Thus, the new combination Frinozol nasal spray is an effective and safe treatment for patients with acute respiratory infections.Цель исследования - доказательство эффективности и безопасности препарата Фринозол спрей назальный у пациентов с острой респираторной инфекцией (острым ринитом). Пациенты и методы. В рандомизированное открытое исследование с активным контролем были включены 134 амбулаторных пациента - мужчины и женщины в возрасте от 18 до 65 лет, с диагнозом острая респираторная инфекция верхних дыхательных путей (острый ринит) длительностью не более 48 ч до включения в исследование. Пациенты были рандомизированы в две группы: 1-я группа пациентов получала Фринозол спрей назальный по 2 впрыскивания в каждый носовой ход трижды в день в течение 7 дней, 2-я - Виброцил в той же дозировке и режиме терапии. Первичной конечной точкой эффективности в исследовании была оценка динамики таких симптомов, как заложенность носа, ринорея, зуд в носу и гипосмия по визуальной аналоговой шкале (ВАШ) через 1 день после начала лечения по сравнению с исходным уровнем. Вторичные конечные точки включали оценку динамики назальных симптомов по ВАШ через 7 дней терапии, изменения значений показателей опросника Congestion Quantifier 5 (CQ-5) и оценку эффективности исследователем. Анализ безопасности осуществлялся на протяжении всего исследования и включал оценку нежелательных явлений, лабораторных данных, показателей жизненно важных функций, оценку ЭКГ. Результаты. По результатам проведенного исследования и сравнительного анализа первичной (оценка динамики назальных симптомов ВАШ через 1 день после начала лечения) и вторичных конечных точек эффективности, а также проведенного комплексного анализа безопасности, можно сделать вывод о том, что исследуемый препарат не уступает препарату сравнения. Таким образом, новый комбинированный препарат Фринозол спрей назальный является эффективным и безопасным методом лечения пациентов с острыми респираторными инфекциями.

A nonlinear generalization of convergence sets of formal power series, in the sense of Abhyankar–Moh [J. Reine Angew. Math. 241 (1970)], is introduced. Given a family y = φs(t, x) = sb1(x)t + b2(x)t 2 + · · · of analytic curves in C× C passing through the origin, Convφ(f) of a formal power series f(y, t, x) ∈ C[[y, t, x]] is defined to be the set of all s ∈ C for which the power series f(φs(t, x), t, x) converges as a series in (t, x). We prove that for a subset E ⊂ C there exists a divergent formal power series f(y, t, x) ∈ C[[y, t, x]] such that E = Convφ(f) if and only if E is an Fσ set of zero capacity. This generalizes the results of P. Lelong and A. Sathaye for the linear case φs(t, x) = st. We say that a formal power series f(z) = ∑∞ |α|=0 aαz α is convergent if there exists a constant C such that |aα| ≤ C |α| for all α ∈ Z+. (Here we have used multiindex notation: Z+ denotes the set of all n-tuples α := (α1, . . . , αn) of integers αi ≥ 0 if z = (z1, . . . , zn) and α ∈ Z+, then zα = z1 1 · · · zαn n and |α| := α1 + · · ·+ αn denotes the length of α ∈ Z+.) A series f is called divergent if it is not convergent. A divergent power series may still converge when restricted to a certain set of lines or planes through the origin. For example, Abhyankar and Moh [AM] considered the convergence set Conv(f) of a series f defined to be the set of all s ∈ C for which f(sz2, . . . , zn) converges as a series in (z2, . . . , zn). The convergence set of divergent series can be empty or an arbitrary countable set. Abhyankar and Moh proved that the one-dimensional Hausdorff measure of the convergence set of a divergent series is zero. In the case when n = 2, Pierre Lelong had earlier proved that if Conv(f) is not contained in an Fσ set of zero capacity then the series f is necessarily 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 32A05, 31A15; Secondary 31C15, 32D15.

We study the convergence of a formal power series of two variables if its restrictions on curves belonging to a certain family are convergent. Also analyticity of a given C 1 function f is proved when the restriction of f on analytic curves belonging to some family is analytic. Our results generalize two known state- ments: a theorem of P. Lelong and the Bochnak-Siciak Theorem. The questions we study fall into the category of "Osgood-Hartogs- type" problems.

Bypassing cellular senescence and becoming immortal is a prerequisite step in the tumorigenic transformation of a cell. It has long been known that loss of a key tumor suppressor gene, such as p53, is necessary, but not sufficient, for spontaneous cellular immortalization. Therefore, there must be additional mutations and/or epigenetic alterations required for immortalization to occur. Early work on these processes included somatic cell genetic studies to estimate the number of senescence genes, and microcell-mediated transfer of chromosomes into immortalized cells to identify putative senescence-inducing genetic loci. These principal studies laid the foundation for the field of senescence/immortalization, but were labor intensive and the results were somewhat limited. The advent of gene expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis greatly facilitated the identification of genes and pathways that regulate cellular senescence/immortalization. In this review, we present the findings of several gene expression profiling studies and supporting functional data, where available. We identified universal genes regulating senescence/immortalization and found that the key regulator genes represented six pathways: the cell cycle pRB/p53, cytoskeletal, interferon-related, insulin growth factor-related, MAP kinase and oxidative stress pathway. The identification of the genes and pathways regulating senescence/immortalization could provide novel molecular targets for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer.

We study discrete fixed point sets of holomorphic self-maps of complex manifolds. The main attention is focused on the cardinality of this set and its configuration. As a consequence of one of our observations, a bounded domain in ${\Bbb C}^n$ with no non-trivial holomorphic retractions is constructed., 12 pages

We study the fixed point sets of holomorphic self- maps of a bounded domain in C n . Specifically we investigate the least number of fixed points in general position in the domain that forces any automorphism (or endomorphism) to be the identity. We have discovered that in terms of this number one can give the necessary and sufficient condition for the domain to be biholomor- phic to the unit ball. Other theorems and examples generalize and complete previous results in this area, especially the recent work of Jean-Pierre Vigue.

Let H n be the metric space of all bounded domains in C n with the metric equal to the Hausdorff distance between boundaries of domains. We prove that the dimension of the group of automorphisms of domains is an upper semicontinuous func- tion on H n . We also provide theorems and examples regarding the change in topological structure of these groups under small perturbation of a domain in H n .

Results are reported of a numerical implementation of the hypcrbolic Fourier transform and the geodesic and horocyclic Radon transforms on the hyperbolic plane, and of their inverses. The study is motivated by the hyperbolic geometry approach to the linearized inverse conductivity problem, suggested by C. A. Berenstein and E. Casadio Tarabusi.

In response to the technical challenges surrounding the realization of software defined radio, high-performance digital signal processors and related software have emerged as key enabling technologies. This article focuses on high-performance digital signal processing architectures and devices. The partitioning of the transceiver functions between DSPs and programmable dedicated hardware is examined.

Let $\Gamma$ be a $C^\infty$ curve in $\Bbb{C}$ containing 0; it becomes $\Gamma_\theta$ after rotation by angle $\theta$ about 0. Suppose a $C^\infty$ function $f$ can be extended holomorphically to a neighborhood of each element of the family $\{\Gamma_\theta \}$. We prove that under some conditions on $\Gamma$ the function $f$ is necessarily holomorphic in a neighborhood of the origin. In case $\Gamma$ is a straight segment the well known Bochnak-Siciak Theorem gives such a proof for real analyticity. We also provide several other results related to testing holomorphy property on a family of certain subsets of a domain in $\Bbb{C}$.

There exist five families of Lipschitz curves on the unit square such that any continuous function is uniquely defined by the values of its integral (properly defined) along these curves. We present this uniqueness result as a consequence of the Kolmogorov superposition theorem.

For a domain $D\subset {\Bbb{C}}^n$ we construct a continuous foliation of $D$ into one real dimensional curves such that any function $f\in {C^1(D)}$ which can be extended holomorphically into some neighborhood of each curve in the foliation will be holomorphic on $D$.

The disc-hull of a set is the union of the set arid all HiX discs whose boundaries lie in the set. We give an example of a, compact set in C2 whose disc-hull is not compact, answering a question posed by P. Ahern and W. Rudin. The polynomial hull of a compact set X c C'" is the set X of all points x E C"' at which the inequality IP(x)l : U --* C,7 is a non-constant map whose components are in H' (U), its range d>(U) is called an H?-disc, parametrized by d>. If lim.,/1(4>(rei0)) E X for almost all e'O on the unit circle T, then 4)(U) is an H'-disc whose boundary lies in X." They further define the disc-hull D(X) to be the union of X and all Hc-discs whose boundaries lie in X. Because of the maximum principle, D(X) C X. One of the questions posed in [1] (see p. 25) is whether the disc-hull D(X) is always compact for a compact set X C C". Below we answer this question negatively by constructing a counter-exaimple in c2 1. Define w {z E U: Rez > 4 Let Ro: U -> W be the Riemann map satisfying o(+i) = 1 + 23i and ,o(1) = 1. Therefore Re,o(e&0) = 2 for Ree0o ,cn(0) = 0. 2. Let X {((, ?7) E C2 ( E T, q E F(}, where the fiber F, is defined as follows. 1( = T for Re( > 0, 1T( U for ( ?i, and 1( {f01(() 'n E N} U {0} for ReX D? (0) (0, 0); therefore (0, 0) E D(X). Received by the editors August 31, 1999. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 32E20.

Lord Diplock, in Orakpo v Manson Investments, used language that indicated that the range of restitution, or unjust enrichment, is limited. Lord Goff, on several occasions, has been more amenable to the idea that, should a remedy be desirable in the circumstances of a particular case, the concept of restitution could, and should be utilised in a creative manner. Canadian judges have been more inclined than those in England to adopt the latter approach. As one of them once said: ‘Just as the categories of negligence are never closed, neither can those of restitution’. In more recent judgments Canadian courts have continued to show their willingness to extend the scope of restitution in two ways: (i) by the enunciation of a general concept of unjust enrichment that underlies the idea of restitution; (ii) by a broader, more innovative use of the traditional doctrine of constructive trust. Both these developments stem from a fundamental premise as to the ‘equitable’ nature of restitution.

A method for estimating the duration of the viscofluid state of a thermosetting material under nonisothermal heating during injection molding is developed on the basis of the generalized Arrhenius equation.

We study fixed point sets for holomorphic automorphisms (and endomorphisms) on complex manifolds. The main object of our interest is to determine the number and configuration of fixed points that forces an automorphism (endomorphism) to be the identity. These questions have been examined in a number of papers for a bounded domain in ${\Bbb C}^n$. Here we resolve the case for a general finite dimensional hyperbolic manifold. We also show that the results for non-hyperbolic manifolds are notably different., Comment: 10 pages

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This paper reviews the results of investigations into low-frequency mechanical and high-frequency (ultrasonic) vibration effects upon flowable polymeric systems, primarily, on molten commercial thermoplastics. We tried to systematize possible techniques to realize vibration in molding of polymers. Theoretical and experimental corroboration is provided for major effects obtained at cyclic (shear and bulk) strains of molten polymers and compositions based thereon. It is demonstrated that combined stress of polymeric media is attained under overlapping vibrations and this results in a decreased effective viscosity of the melts, a drop i the pressure required to extrude them through molding tools, increased critical velocities of unstable flow occurrence and a reduced load on the thrust elements of extruder screws.

The publication reviews the reological properties of the two basic types of polymer pastes (plastisols), i.e. those showing and those not showing the thyxotropic effect. A detailed study is provided of the theory of the plastisols' low-pressure injection moulding along with the solutions to the mould filling for diversely shaped and sized runner-cavity systems. Specifically, solutions are offered for plastisol mould filling with regard to particular effects: viscosity anomaly, non-isothermicity, structuring (gelatinizing) of the mass, pressure levelling in the cavity. The problem of frontal junction of the flows and their interdiffusion (“self-healtin”) is considered in connection with the method of filling one mould through two runners.

This contribution reviews the major results of studies of the extension of molten polymers which have been carried out recently. The authors discuss systematically basic regularities of the extension of molten polydisperse polymers including the uniform extension and its development in time (at a constant strain velocity and at constant extrusion force). The article also considers the dependency of stress and strain velocity upon elastic strain, stress and strain relaxation processes; the major differences in the variations of effective viscosity under extension are pointed out. The authors describe the effect of polymer fluid flow retardation under high elastic strains.

In the present survey an attempt is made to systematize and generalize data contained in earlier technical and patent publications concerned with production of granulated thermosetting materials (aminoplasts) and its development trends. Also presented are the classification of the existing granulation methods and facilities and a comparative analysis thereof. Description is made of the results obtained in studying various technological features in the production of granulated aminoplasts by pelletizing with the aid of a plate granulator.

The results of studies and development of composite materials with specified properties based on amino resins and their modification products are considered. The fields of aminoplast applications and as well as methods of estimating aminoplasts' technological properties are analysed. Emphasis is put on rheological methods of evaluating the technological characteristics of aminoplasts. This is based mainly on the various modifications of rotational and capillary instruments, as well as applying chemical and physical methods for the estimation of the technological properties. Generalization are made on the basis of the authors' work on evaluating the technological characteristics of aminoplasts in non-steady state of their processing with varying temperature and time. New methods for evaluating rheological properties of aminoplasts based on the analysis of elastic-deformation grinding when aminoplasts are setting are discussed. Various methods of aminoplasts processing including pressing, injection moulding and extrusion, as well as performance characteristics of compositions based on amino resins are given.

To establish correlations between parameters of otoacoustic emission and audiometric thresholds, we have examined 30 ears (28 patients) with high-frequency neurosensory hypoacusis. The analysis of the findings was made in microstructural frequency resolution. It was discovered that peaks of spontaneous otoacoustic emission correspond by frequency range to minimal thresholds of audibility in all the cases. Minimal values of audibility thresholds correlate also by frequency with maximal values of amplitudes of the response signal of delayed evoked otoacoustic emission with good sigmal/noise in all the examinees as well. 23 ears demonstrated 'mirrow' correlation of pure-tone audiogram with DP-gram - a rise in behavioral thresholds corresponds to amplitude-lowering response signals in frequency range 3-6 kHz.

It is a result of classical function theory (see [FiF; Les; Mas; PeL; S]) that if f : U → U is a conformal self-mapping of a plane domain that fixes three distinct points then f(ζ) ≡ ζ. The purpose of the present paper is to put this result into a geometrically natural context and to extend it to higher-dimensional domains and manifolds. For an examination of fixed point questions from a slightly different point of view, we refer the reader to the work of Vigue (see e.g. [V1; V2]). The third-named author thanks Robert Burckel for early discussions of this topic and for basic references.

We give examples of non-homogeneous bounded domains in C which can exhaust no other domains. And we prove that every bounded domain in C with C boundary can exhaust the ball.

In this review the wide spectrum of properties of filled polymer systems is generalized. Classical and modern conceptions dealing with the influence of the boundary layer and filler on melting and crystallization of the polymer matrix. Polymer properties in the melted and condensed state are considered, attention being given to the influence of the filler particle size and shape, the nature of its surface, its structure, and agglomeration on the rheological and mechanical characteristics of composites.

The cyclization of N-polynitroalkyl-N-nitrosoaminoacetic acids to sydnones occurs only under the influence of trifluoroacetic anhydride. Closing to a sydnonimine ring does not occur in the case of N-(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)-N-nitrosoaminoacetonitrile, but N-(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)-N-nitrosoiminoacetic acid imino ester is formed. Removal of the nitro groups in the γ position relative to the nitrosoamino group leads to normal occurrence of the reaction to give polynitroalkylsydnonimines.

The method of rapid heating of the medium was used for investigating the dependence of the viscosity of polyvinyl chloride plastisols on the temperature and time in connection with isothermal molding in casting practice.

New principles and processes for the treatment of polymers and polymer-based composites are discussed. The controlled effects of physical and mechanical fields on the rheological properties of polymers are analysed as a promising method of developing new component forming techniques. The following topics are discussed: solid-phase extrusion and hydro-extrusion, the cyclic deformation of melts in shear, the interaction of transverse and longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations, and the preparation of ultra-strong films and fibres. The bibliography contains 64 references.

A theoretical and experimental study has been made concerning the relation between the rheological characteristics of polymer melts and the basic technological parameters of the extrusion process used for the production of double-layer films. A method is proposed here, and it has been proved out experimentally, for calculating the coextrusion process by which films can be produced from materials whose viscous characteristics follow a power-law relation. A formula is derived which relates the viscous characteristics of melts to the thickness ratios of films and layers of fluid in the extruder head. An equation is proposed for calculating the productivity of such an apparatus, its accuracy having been confirmed experimentally within ±7% for the coextrusion of two domestic grades of polypropylene.

1. The reaction of the potassium salts of polynitroalkanes, their functional derivatives, nitroamines, and imides of carboxylic acids with ICI in a medium of inert solvents or in water results in the formation of the corresponding α-iodonitro derivatives, N-iodo-N-nitroamines, and N-iodoimides of the carboxylic acids. 2. The possibility of the replacement of a mobile hydrogen by iodine when nitroform is reacted with iodine monochloride has been demonstrated.

Methods of preparation of α-halogenonitroalkanes and their functional derivatives are surveyed, together with the chief results obtained for the geometric parameters, electronic structure, and ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic and quadrupole resonance spectroscopy, as well as acid–base properties. Reactions involving reduction, addition at multiple bonds, substitution of halogen atoms and the nitro-group, and interaction with diazoalkanes are analysed, and the most important mechanisms are discussed. Data are given on the toxicity, physiological activity, and practical use of these compounds. A list of 316 references is included.

This paper describes the results of a theoretical and experimental study on the rheology of thermoplastics subjected to mechanical effects at extrusion conditions. The spiral flow of non-Newtonian systems has been studied and quantitative relationships obtained for its description, which are suitable for engineering. The effect of rotational low-frequency large-amplitude vibrations on the flow of melts in the extruder's head of simple (circular) and complex cross sections has been studied and an analysis provided for flow with small-amplitude high-frequency (ultrasonic) superimposed vibrations. The energy efficiency of cyclic deformation upon extrusion has been estimated. The investigation has provided recommendations for the application of complex shear as a method of directed action on the relaxation and, hence, rheological characteristics of polymers. This opens up new possibilities for the intensification of the extrusion processes and compositions based on thermoplastics.