Search

Your search keyword '"L. Fraile"' showing total 178 results
Start Over Author "L. Fraile"
178 results on '"L. Fraile"'

1. Effect of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) maternally derived antibodies on performance and PCV-2 viremia in vaccinated piglets under field conditions

Author

S. Figueras-Gourgues, L. Fraile, J. Segalés, I. Hernández-Caravaca, R. López-Úbeda, F. A. García-Vázquez, O. Gomez-Duran, and B. Grosse-Liesner

Subjects
Porcine circovirus type 2, Piglets, Vaccine, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Background Nowadays, the most common presentation of PCV-2 is the subclinical infection in piglets after weaning. The success of PCV-2 vaccination is associated with the control of the clinical disease as well as the improvement of production parameters. In consequence, the objective of the present study was to analyse the effect of PCV-2 maternally derived antibody (MDA) levels on vaccine efficacy in piglets vaccinated at three weeks of age with a commercial PCV-2 subunit vaccine. The study was performed analysing a database with 6112 wean-to-slaughter piglets from 4 different European regions. Results Results showed that the use of the vaccine was able to decrease the PCV-2 viremia calculated as area under the curve (AUC = 60.29 ± 3.73), increase average daily weight gain (ADWG = 0.65 ± 0.01 kg/day) and reduce mortality (7%) in vaccinated piglets compared to non-vaccinated ones (AUC of 198.27 ± 6.14, 0.62 ± 0.01 kg/day and 11% respectively). The overall difference of ADWG between both groups was close to 30 g per day (p

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Remote sensing-based soil water balance for irrigation water accounting at the Spanish Iberian Peninsula

Author

J. Garrido-Rubio, A. Calera Belmonte, L. Fraile Enguita, I. Arellano Alcázar, M. Belmonte Mancebo, I. Campos Rodríguez, and R. Bravo Rubio

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Temporal series maps of irrigated areas, and the corresponding irrigation water requirements based on remote sensing, is a recognized tool contributing to water governance at different scales, from water user associations to whole river basin districts. These thematic cartographies offer a first estimation of the crop irrigation requirements, and a biophysical based approach of the temporal and spatial distribution of the crop water use in the cultivated areas. This work describes the operational application of these methodologies, providing valuable information for water governance and management purposes. The basic products obtained in the whole Spanish part of the Iberian Peninsula during the period 2014–2017 were: (i) annual maps of irrigated crops based on time series of multispectral satellite imagery; and (ii) the direct remote sensing-based water accounting, by quantifying agricultural water flows (e.g. rainfall, irrigation, evapotranspiration, drainage and recharge), through a remote sensing-based soil water balance. Hence this paper provides a remote sensing based water accounting approach, which relies on dense time series of multispectral imagery acquired by the multisensor constellation arranged by Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellites, jointly with meteorological data and agronomic knowledge. Then, based on these purpose and approach, annual and monthly maps of net irrigation water requirements have been elaborated at the most practical spatial and temporal scales for water governance purposes over big areas such river basin districts. This work summarizes the methodologies used and discuss the technical and non-technical feasibility of the proposed approach.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Haptoglobin serum concentration is a suitable biomarker to assess the efficacy of a feed additive in pigsa

Author

Y. Saco, L. Fraile, M. Giménez, R. Pato, M. Montoya, and A. Bassols

Subjects
acute phase proteins, feed additive, Aujeszky vaccine, swine, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

Levels of haptoglobin and Pig-major acute phase protein (MAP) were analysed in animals from a commercial herd receiving or not a diet enriched with an additive. The group receiving the additive exhibited a decrease in haptoglobin after 3 weeks, suggesting that a better health status has been established, together with an improvement in total body weight and average daily gain. In contrast, Pig-MAP does not significantly change under these conditions. Aujeszky live modified vaccination, which is compulsory in Spain, did cause a significant increment in haptoglobin serum concentration although it did not affect Pig-MAP. The response of acute phase proteins to vaccination was similar in both control and additive-treated groups. Interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-6 was below the detection limits in most of the animals. In conclusion, this study shows that haptoglobin serum concentration, but not Pig-MAP, is a good biomarker to monitorize production parameters and for monitoring Aujeszky modified live vaccine in pigs reared under standard commercial conditions.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Effect of

Author

S, Figueras-Gourgues, L, Fraile, J, Segalés, I, Hernández-Caravaca, R, López-Úbeda, F A, García-Vázquez, O, Gomez-Duran, and B, Grosse-Liesner

Subjects
Piglets, Research, Porcine circovirus type 2, Vaccine
Abstract

Background Nowadays, the most common presentation of PCV-2 is the subclinical infection in piglets after weaning. The success of PCV-2 vaccination is associated with the control of the clinical disease as well as the improvement of production parameters. In consequence, the objective of the present study was to analyse the effect of PCV-2 maternally derived antibody (MDA) levels on vaccine efficacy in piglets vaccinated at three weeks of age with a commercial PCV-2 subunit vaccine. The study was performed analysing a database with 6112 wean-to-slaughter piglets from 4 different European regions. Results Results showed that the use of the vaccine was able to decrease the PCV-2 viremia calculated as area under the curve (AUC = 60.29 ± 3.73), increase average daily weight gain (ADWG = 0.65 ± 0.01 kg/day) and reduce mortality (7%) in vaccinated piglets compared to non-vaccinated ones (AUC of 198.27 ± 6.14, 0.62 ± 0.01 kg/day and 11% respectively). The overall difference of ADWG between both groups was close to 30 g per day (p

Published
2019

11. Carotenoid intake and

Author

E, Henriquez-Rodriguez, R N, Pena, A R, Seradj, L, Fraile, P, Christou, M, Tor, and J, Estany

Subjects
Male, Genotype, Swine, Fatty Acids, Subcutaneous Fat, Carotenoids, Zea mays, Diet, Adipose Tissue, Liver, Animals, Body Fat Distribution, Female, Muscle, Skeletal, Vitamin A, Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase, Oleic Acid
Abstract

Nutritional and genetic strategies are needed to enhance intramuscular fat (IMF) and MUFA content without altering carcass leanness. Dietary vitamin A restriction has been suggested to specifically promote IMF, whereas a polymorphism of the () gene has shown to specifically increase MUFA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effects of provitamin A (PVA) carotenoid intake and genotype () on hepatic retinoid content and on the liver, muscle (LM and gluteus medius [GM]), and subcutaneous fat (SF) content and fatty acid composition. Following a split-plot design, 32 castrated Duroc pigs, half of each of the 2 homozygous genotypes (CC and TT), were subjected from 165 to 195 d of age to 2 finishing diets differing in the PVA carotenoid content (an enriched-carotene diet [C+] and a control diet [C-]). Both diets were identical except for the corn line used in the feed. The C+ was formulated with 20% of a carotenoid-fortified corn (M37W-Ph3) whereas the C- instead used 20% of its near isogenic M37W line, which did not contain PVA carotenoids. No vitamin A was added to the diets. The C- was estimated to provide, at most, 1,300 IU of vitamin A/kg and the C+ to supply an extra amount of at least 800 IU vitamin A/kg. Compared with the pigs fed the C-, pigs fed with C+ had 3-fold more retinoic acid (0.01) and 4-fold more gene expression in the liver ( = 0.06). The diet did not affect performance traits and backfat thickness, but pigs fed the C+ had less fat (4.0 vs. 5.0%; = 0.07) and MUFA (18.3 vs. 22.5%; = 0.01) in the liver, less IMF (5.4 vs. 8.3%; = 0.04) in the GM, and more fat content (90.4 vs. 87.9%; = 0.09) and MUFA (48.0 vs. 46.6%; = 0.04) in SF. The TT genotype at the gene increased MUFA (0.05) in all tissues (21.4 vs. 19.5% in the liver, 55.0 vs. 53.1% in the LM, 53.9 vs. 51.7% in the GM, and 48.0 vs. 46.7% in SF for TT and CC genotypes, respectively). Liver fat and MUFA content nonlinearly declined with liver all- retinoic acid, indicating a saturation point at relatively low all- retinoic acid content. The results obtained provide evidence for a complementary role between dietary PVA and genotype, in the sense that the TT pigs fed with a low-PVA diet are expected to show higher and more monounsaturated IMF without increasing total fat content.

Published
2017

12. Autochthonous Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Spain

Author

Anabel, Negredo, Fernando, de la Calle-Prieto, Eduardo, Palencia-Herrejón, Marta, Mora-Rillo, Jenaro, Astray-Mochales, María P, Sánchez-Seco, Esther, Bermejo Lopez, Javier, Menárguez, Ana, Fernández-Cruz, Beatriz, Sánchez-Artola, Elena, Keough-Delgado, Eva, Ramírez de Arellano, Fátima, Lasala, Jakob, Milla, Jose L, Fraile, Maria, Ordobás Gavín, Amalia, Martinez de la Gándara, Lorenzo, López Perez, Domingo, Diaz-Diaz, M Aurora, López-García, Pilar, Delgado-Jimenez, Alejandro, Martín-Quirós, Elena, Trigo, Juan C, Figueira, Jesús, Manzanares, Elena, Rodriguez-Baena, Luis, Garcia-Comas, Olaia, Rodríguez-Fraga, Nicolás, García-Arenzana, Maria V, Fernández-Díaz, Victor M, Cornejo, Petra, Emmerich, Jonas, Schmidt-Chanasit, Jose R, Arribas, Fernando, Cava, European Union, and Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (España)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, Male, Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional, Colon, Tick, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Necrosis, Fatal Outcome, parasitic diseases, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, Viral rna, European union, media_common, biology, business.industry, Infectious disease transmission, General Medicine, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, 030104 developmental biology, Liver, Spain, Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo, Female, Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean, Contact Tracing, business, Liver pathology, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, Contact tracing
Abstract

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widely distributed, viral, tickborne disease. In Europe, cases have been reported only in the southeastern part of the continent. We report two autochthonous cases in Spain. The index patient acquired the disease through a tick bite in the province of Ávila - 300 km away from the province of Cáceres, where viral RNA from ticks was amplified in 2010. The second patient was a nurse who became infected while caring for the index patient. Both were infected with the African 3 lineage of this virus. (Funded by Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales [RICET] and Efficient Response to Highly Dangerous and Emerging Pathogens at EU [European Union] Level [EMERGE].). Supported by Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enferme-dades Tropicales (RICET grant, RD12/0018/0023) and EMERGE (Efficient Response to Highly Dangerous and Emerging Patho-gens at EU [European Union] Level), a joint action funded under the third EU Health Program (677066),.Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.We thank Julio Farias of the Pathology Department at Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital and Maria José Buitrago and the rest of the members of the Grupo de Respuesta Rápida of the Centro Nacional de Microbiología for their help. Sí

Published
2017

13. Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive ions at FAIR

Author

R Reifarth, S Altstadt, K Göbel, T Heftrich, M Heil, A Koloczek, C Langer, R Plag, M Pohl, K Sonnabend, M Weigand, T Adachi, F Aksouh, J Al-Khalili, M AlGarawi, S AlGhamdi, G Alkhazov, N Alkhomashi, H Alvarez-Pol, R Alvarez-Rodriguez, V Andreev, B Andrei, L Atar, T Aumann, V Avdeichikov, C Bacri, S Bagchi, C Barbieri, S Beceiro, C Beck, C Beinrucker, G Belier, D Bemmerer, M Bendel, J Benlliure, G Benzoni, R Berjillos, D Bertini, C Bertulani, S Bishop, N Blasi, T Bloch, Y Blumenfeld, A Bonaccorso, K Boretzky, A Botvina, A Boudard, P Boutachkov, I Boztosun, A Bracco, S Brambilla, J Briz Monago, M Caamano, C Caesar, F Camera, E Casarejos, W Catford, J Cederkall, B Cederwall, M Chartier, A Chatillon, M Cherciu, L Chulkov, P Coleman-Smith, D Cortina-Gil, F Crespi, R Crespo, J Cresswell, M Csatlós, F Déchery, B Davids, T Davinson, V Derya, P Detistov, P Diaz Fernandez, D DiJulio, S Dmitry, D Doré, J Dueñas, E Dupont, P Egelhof, I Egorova, Z Elekes, J Enders, J Endres, S Ershov, O Ershova, B Fernandez-Dominguez, A Fetisov, E Fiori, A Fomichev, M Fonseca, L Fraile, M Freer, J Friese, M G. Borge, D Galaviz Redondo, S Gannon, U Garg, I Gasparic, L Gasques, B Gastineau, H Geissel, R Gernhäuser, T Ghosh, M Gilbert, J Glorius, P Golubev, A Gorshkov, A Gourishetty, L Grigorenko, J Gulyas, M Haiduc, F Hammache, M Harakeh, M Hass, M Heine, A Hennig, A Henriques, R Herzberg, M Holl, A Ignatov, A Ignatyuk, S Ilieva, M Ivanov, N Iwasa, B Jakobsson, H Johansson, B Jonson, P Joshi, A Junghans, B Jurado, G Körner, N Kalantar, R Kanungo, A Kelic-Heil, K Kezzar, E Khan, A Khanzadeev, O Kiselev, M Kogimtzis, D Körper, S Kräckmann, T Kröll, R Krücken, A Krasznahorkay, J Kratz, D Kresan, T Krings, A Krumbholz, S Krupko, R Kulessa, S Kumar, N Kurz, E Kuzmin, M Labiche, K Langanke, I Lazarus, T Le Bleis, C Lederer, A Lemasson, R Lemmon, V Liberati, Y Litvinov, B Löher, J Lopez Herraiz, G Münzenberg, J Machado, E Maev, K Mahata, D Mancusi, J Marganiec, M Martinez Perez, V Marusov, D Mengoni, B Million, V Morcelle, O Moreno, A Movsesyan, E Nacher, M Najafi, T Nakamura, F Naqvi, E Nikolski, T Nilsson, C Nociforo, P Nolan, B Novatsky, G Nyman, A Ornelas, R Palit, S Pandit, V Panin, C Paradela, V Parkar, S Paschalis, P Pawłowski, A Perea, J Pereira, C Petrache, M Petri, S Pickstone, N Pietralla, S Pietri, Y Pivovarov, P Potlog, A Prokofiev, G Rastrepina, T Rauscher, G Ribeiro, M Ricciardi, A Richter, C Rigollet, K Riisager, A Rios, C Ritter, T Rodriguez Frutos, J Rodriguez Vignote, M Röder, C Romig, D Rossi, P Roussel-Chomaz, P Rout, S Roy, P Söderström, M Saha Sarkar, S Sakuta, M Salsac, J Sampson, J Sanchez, del Rio Saez, J Sanchez Rosado, S Sanjari, P Sarriguren, A Sauerwein, D Savran, C Scheidenberger, H Scheit, S Schmidt, C Schmitt, L Schnorrenberger, P Schrock, R Schwengner, D Seddon, B Sherrill, A Shrivastava, S Sidorchuk, J Silva, H Simon, E Simpson, P Singh, D Slobodan, D Sohler, M Spieker, D Stach, E Stan, M Stanoiu, S Stepantsov, P Stevenson, F Strieder, L Stuhl, T Suda, K Sümmerer, B Streicher, J Taieb, M Takechi, I Tanihata, J Taylor, O Tengblad, G Ter-Akopian, S Terashima, P Teubig, R Thies, M Thoennessen, T Thomas, J Thornhill, G Thungstrom, J Timar, Y Togano, U Tomohiro, T Tornyi, J Tostevin, C Townsley, W Trautmann, T Trivedi, S Typel, E Uberseder, J Udias, T Uesaka, L Uvarov, Z Vajta, P Velho, V Vikhrov, M Volknandt, V Volkov, P von Neumann-Cosel, M von Schmid, A Wagner, F Wamers, H Weick, D Wells, L Westerberg, O Wieland, M Wiescher, C Wimmer, K Wimmer, J S Winfield, M Winkel, P Woods, R Wyss, D Yakorev, M Yavor, J Zamora Cardona, I Zartova, T Zerguerras, M Zgura, A Zhdanov, M Zhukov, M Zieblinski, A Zilges, K Zuber, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Helmholtz International Center for FAIR, German Research Foundation, Helmholtz Association, SCOAP, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
History, Astrophysics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], nucl-ex, 01 natural sciences, Education, Nuclear physics, Subatomär fysik, Nucleosynthesis, 0103 physical sciences, Subatomic Physics, Nuclear astrophysics, Fysik, Neutron, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, ddc:530, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Radionuclide, Isotope, rp-process, Computer Science Applications, FAIR nuclear astrophysics radioactive ion beams, Valley of stability, r-process nucleosynthesis, weak-interaction rates, s-process, stars, supernovae, light, Physical Sciences, Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract

R. Reifarth et al: ; 12 págs.; 9 figs.; Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 3.0 ; Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VI (NPA6), The nucleosynthesis of elements beyond iron is dominated by neutron captures in the s and r processes. However, 32 stable, proton-rich isotopes cannot be formed during those processes, because they are shielded from the s-process ow and r-process -decay chains. These nuclei are attributed to the p and rp process. For all those processes, current research in nuclear astrophysics addresses the need for more precise reaction data involving radioactive isotopes. Depending on the particular reaction, direct or inverse kinematics, forward or time-reversed direction are investigated to determine or at least to constrain the desired reaction cross sections. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will oer unique, unprecedented opportunities to investigate many of the important reactions. The high yield of radioactive isotopes, even far away from the valley of stability, allows the investigation of isotopes involved in processes as exotic as the r or rp processes., This project was supported by the HGF Young Investigators Project VH-NG-327, EMMI, H4F, HGS-HIRe, JINA, NAVI, DFG and ATHENA.

Published
2016

15. Veterinary immunology (PP-023)

Author

W. Savino, A. Mantovani, T. Salomäki, R. G. Mage, N. D. Singh, V. A. Tamosiunas, L. F. G. Caputo, T. Mussá, J. Ylikoski-Okontah, J. Milius, T. Miyai, S. Sungpradit, M. Mollik, L. Flores-Romo, B. Bottazzi, M. Montoya, S. Sangeiam, P. Dwivedi, K. Savijoki, K. Akter, G. Jamuna, L. Zárybnická, J. Šinkora, M. Faruque, H. L. Lenzi, M. Simon-Grifé, H. Horiuchi, M. F. A. Elazab, M. Rahman, L. Fraile, M. Šinkora, P. Varmanen, S. Rahman, G. E. Martín-Valls, I. Jaceviciene, A. Iivanainen, D. M. S. Villa-Verde, A. K. Sharma, L. D. Possani, R. McField, M. Hossain, M. Shadique, G. P. Espino-Solis, E. Crisci, S. Valentino, Y. Fukushima, Z. Šinkorová, S. Furusawa, W. Pooksrisuk, S. Somboonsin, E. C. Contreiras, J. Calderon-Amador, E. Jacevicius, A. Hossain, E. Varhimo, M. L. de Meirelles, and E. M. Mota

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Family medicine, Immunology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, General Medicine, Veterinary immunology, business
Published
2010

16. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotyping: Automation and Application in Routine Laboratory Testing

Author

M Ortiz, B Hernandez Novoa, L Fraile, JM Echevarria, and M Torres

Subjects
Cervical cancer, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotyping, Hpv genotyping, business.industry, Routine laboratory, Human Papillomavirus, genotyping, medicine.disease, computer.software_genre, Automation, Article, Screening programs, Medicine, Medical physics, Data mining, Human papillomavirus, business, computer, Quality assurance
Abstract

A large number of assays designed for genotyping human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been developed in the last years. They perform within a wide range of analytical sensitivity and specificity values for the different viral types, and are used either for diagnosis, epidemiological studies, evaluation of vaccines and implementing and monitoring of vaccination programs. Methods for specific genotyping of HPV-16 and HPV-18 are also useful for the prevention of cervical cancer in screening programs. Some commercial tests are, in addition, fully or partially automated. Automation of HPV genotyping presents advantages such as the simplicity of the testing procedure for the operator, the ability to process a large number of samples in a short time, and the reduction of human errors from manual operations, allowing a better quality assurance and a reduction of cost. The present review collects information about the current HPV genotyping tests, with special attention to practical aspects influencing their use in clinical laboratories.

Published
2012

19. The absorption of manganese from polyphenol-containing beverages in suckling rats

Author

Albert Flynn and A. L. Fraile

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, food and beverages, chemistry.chemical_element, Absorption (skin), Manganese, Bioavailability, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Polyphenol, Tannin, Phenols, Food science, Digestion, Food Science
Abstract

Polyphenol-containing beverages, such as tea and wines, have a high content of manganese, but the nutritional bioavailability of manganese in these beverages is unknown. Manganese content of tea infusion, coffee and white and red wines were determined as (mg/1) 2.16, 0.15, 0.96 and 0.56, while tannins contents (mg/1) were 745, 1440, 300 and 1980, respectively. Of the total manganese in tea leaves (495 mg/kg), 21% was extracted in tea infusion. Dialysability of manganese in tea infusion through a 10 000-12 000 mw cut-off membrane was 92.5%, similar to that for Ma added to the infusion. Absorption of manganese from beverages and control MnS04 solutions was determined in 16-day-old suckling rats. Rat pups (4-6/group), fasted overnight, were fed by gavage with 0.2-0.4 ml of beverages or MnS04 solutions, which were extrinsically labelled with 54Mn. After 6 h the rats were sacrificed and absorbed isotope was determined as the difference between the dose administered and that recovered in the stomach, the washin...

Published
1992

20. Nuclear Structure of [sup 12]C from Break-up Studies in Complete Kinematics

Author

M. Alcorta, M. J. G. Borge, M. Cubero, R. Dominguez-Reyes, L. Fraile, B. Fulton, H. O. U. Fynbo, D. Galaviz, S. Hyldegaard, H. Jeppesen, B. Jonson, O. Kirsebom, M. Madurga, A. Maira, A. Muñoz, T. Nilsson, G. Nyman, D. Obradors, A. Perea, K. Riisager, O. Tengblad, M. Turrión, Matko Milin, Tamara Niksic, Suzana Szilner, and Dario Vretenar

Subjects
Baryon, Nuclear physics, Nuclear reaction, Physics, Particle physics, Hadron, Dalitz plot, Elementary particle, Alpha particle, Nucleon, Charged particle
Abstract

A complete kinematics study of the B-10(He-3,p alpha alpha alpha) and B-11(He-3,d alpha alpha alpha) reactions has been performed to study the multi-particle break-up of C-12 resonances above the triple-alpha threshold. Four-particle coincidence detection gives us complete information on the direction and energy of the individual alpha particles from the decay of C-12, allowing us to extract new information on the structure of C-12 which we shall present in this contribution. We have observed gamma de-excitation of the T=1 15.11 MeV resonance using charged particle detectors, and have constructed Dalitz plots of the individual resonances in C-12 using the complete kinematics information of the alpha particles which come from their break-up.

Published
2009

21. Lifetime Measurements and Coulomb Excitation of Light Hg Nuclei

Author

A. Petts, P. A. Butler, T. Grahn, A. Blazhev, N. Bree, B. Bruyneel, J. Cederkäll, E. Clement, T. E. Cocolios, A. Dewald, J. Eberth, L. Fraile, C. Fransen, M. B. Gómez Hornillos, P. T. Greenlees, A. Görgen, M. Guttormsen, K. Hadynska, K. Helariutta, R.-D. Herzberg, M. Huyse, D. G. Jenkins, J. Jolie, P. Jones, R. Julin, S. Juutinen, S. Ketelhut, S. Knapen, T. Kröll, R. Krücken, A. C. Larsen, M. Leino, J. Ljungvall, P. Maierbeck, P. L. Marley, B. Melon, P. J. Napiorkowski, M. Nyman, R. D. Page, J. Pakarinen, G. Pascovici, N. Patronis, P. J. Peura, E. Piselli, Th. Pissulla, P. Rahkila, P. Reiter, J. Sarén, M. Scheck, C. Scholey, A. Semchenkov, S. Siem, I. Stefanescu, J. Sorri, J. Uusitalo, J. Van de Walle, P. Van Duppen, D. Voulot, R. Wadsworth, N. Warr, D. Weisshaar, F. Wenander, M. Zielinska, Jan Jolie, Andreas Zilges, Nigel Warr, Andrey Blazhev, Blazhev, A, Jolie, J, Warr, N, and Zilges, A

Subjects
Physics, Coulomb excitation, Yrast, shape coexistence, Hg, Preliminary analysis, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, Recoil, Nucleosynthesis, Recoil distance Doppler-shift, lifetimes, symbols, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Doppler effect, Radioactive decay
Abstract

Two complementary experimental programs have taken place to investigate the origin and evolution of shape coexistence in the light mercury region. Recoil Distance Doppler-shift measurements were performed at the University of Jyvaskyla utilizing the Koln plunger device in conjunction with the JUROGAM + RITU + GREAT setup. In addition, Coulomb excitation measurements of 184,186,188Hg were performed at REX-ISOLDE using the MINIBALL Ge-detector array. The results of the lifetime measurements of the yrast states up to I^{\pi} = 10+ in 182Hg are reported. Preliminary analysis of the Coulomb excitation data is also discussed. ispartof: pages:414-418 ispartof: AIP Conference Proceedings vol:1090 pages:414-418 ispartof: Capture gamma-ray spectroscopy and related topics location:Koln, Germany date:25 Aug - 28 Aug 2008 status: published

Published
2009

22. Blunting Neoliberalism : Tripartism and Economic Reforms in the Developing World

Author

L. Fraile and L. Fraile

Subjects
Neoliberalism--Developing countries
Abstract

This volume is one of the first books to consider the impact of tripartism across the developing world. It covers 8 case studies from Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America, focusing on developments since the 1990s. These studies show that tripartism has the effect of reducing the social impact of neoliberal economics reforms.

Published
2010

23. βdecay ofNe26

Author

L. Weissman, O. Arndt, U. Bergmann, J. Cederkall, I. Dillmann, O. Hallmann, L. Fraile, S. Franchoo, L. Gaudefroy, U. Köster, K. L. Kratz, A. F. Lisetskiy, B. Pfeiffer, O. Sorlin, and S. Tabor

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Transfer line, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Beta decay, Ion source, Beta (plasma physics), Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Isobaric process, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

A pure neutron-rich {sup 26}Ne beam was obtained at the ISOLDE facility using isobaric selectivity. This was achieved by a combination of a plasma ion source with a cooled transfer line and subsequent mass separation. The high quality of the beam and good statistics allowed us to obtain new experimental information on the {sup 26}Ne {beta}-decay properties and resolve a contradiction between earlier experimental data and prediction of shell-model calculations.

Published
2004

24. BETA-DECAY STUDIES OF R-PROCESS NUCLIDES IN THE 132<font>SN</font> REGION

Author

A. WÖHR, W.B. WALTERS, K.-L. KRATZ, O. ARNDT, B.A. BROWN, I. DILLMANN, D. FEDOROV, V. FEDOSEYEV, L. FRAILE, P. HOFF, U. KÖSTER, A.N. OSTROWSKI, B. PFEIFFER, H.L. RAVN, M.D. SELIVERSTOV, D. SEWERYNIAK, J. SHERGUR, B. TRUETT, and null ISOLDE COLLABORATION

Subjects
Physics, Decay scheme, Stable nuclide, Radiochemistry, r-process, Isotopes of zirconium, Nuclide, Beta decay, Beta-decay stable isobars
Published
2003

25. β+decay of61Ga

Author

L. Weissman, J. Cederkall, J. Äystö, H. Fynbo, L. Fraile, V. Fedosseyev, S. Franchoo, A. Jokinen, U. Köster, G. Martínez-Pinedo, T. Nilsson, M. Oinonen, K. Peräjärvi, M. D. Seliverstov, and null ISOLDE Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Published
2002

26. Immunity to emerging infectious diseases (WS-003)

Author

J. I. Nuñez, R. A. Ffrench, A. Bensaid, Toshinori Nakayama, K. Fink, E. Crisci, M. Domingo, G. E. Martín-Valls, Lorena Córdoba, H. Nunoi, I. Barr, K. Laurie, B. A. Wu-Hsieh, L. Kedzierski, V. Hadinoto, T. T. Phung, Marta Pérez-Simó, Y.C. Liu, Anne Kelso, K. Goy, D. Justin, J. Elliott, M. Simon-Grifé, L. Fraile, Maria Montoya, Katherine Kedzierska, G.F. Rimmelzwaan, Stephanie Gras, L. T. Nguyen, S. Kawachi, D. Santoso, Jamie Rossjohn, M. Majó, Tufária Mussá, J. Segalés, Peter C. Doherty, T. M. Ross, S. Crowe, Sophie A. Valkenburg, Michael J Richards, Stephen J. Turner, Kazuo Suzuki, V. Edouard, Y. Yen, N. Busquets, S. T. Luong, S. M. Barratt-Boyes, A. Hearps, A. C. Soloff, and S. Pina

Subjects
business.industry, Immunity, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, General Medicine, business
Published
2010

27. Veterinary immunology (WS-023)

Author

A. Saalmueller, A. J. Karpala, T. Okayama, G. C. Ram, J. Hernández, S. Dandapat, N. Osada, C. Rodriguez-Cariño, Y. Suzuta, J. Maldonado, D. Benerjee, Maria Montoya, E. Crisci, M. Lecours, M. Pujol, R. Mehta, P. G. D. McWaters, E. Silva, M. M. Broadway, J. Dominguez, Y. Ishii, Masahiro Sakaguchi, Lorena Córdoba, T. E. O'Neil, L. Fraile, M. Koyanagi, P. Apoil, J. W. Lowenthal, T. Kaeser, W. Gerner, Ichiro Takahashi, Y. Matsuno, K. R. Morris, A. Blancher, Andrew G. D. Bean, Kenichi Masuda, Tufária Mussá, K. E. Goossens, N. Busquets, T. Tsukui, T. Olivry, and A. Aarnink

Subjects
Philosophy, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, Library science, General Medicine, Veterinary immunology
Published
2010

28. Serotonergic activity in rat cerebral arteries depends on dorsal raphe nucleus but not on median raphe nucleus

Author

M J, Moreno, A L, López de Pablo, M V, Conde, M L, Fraile, and E J, Marco

Subjects
5-Hydroxytryptophan, Male, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Serotonin, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Pargyline, Muscimol, Clomipramine, Animals, Raphe Nuclei, Cerebral Arteries, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Rats
Abstract

The effect of Chlorimipramine and Muscimol on serotonergic activity in rat cerebral arteries and in dorsal and median raphe nuclei were used to study the presence of a serotonergic innervation in the cerebral blood vessels functionally dependent on the brainstem nuclei activity. Serotonergic activity was appraised in rat cerebral arteries from 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) disappearance rate or 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) accumulation after inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO) or aromatic amino acids decarboxylase, respectively. In dorsal and median raphe nuclei the decay with time of 5-HIAA after MAO inhibition was used to estimate serotonergic activity. Chlorimipramine significantly reduced serotonergic activity in cerebral blood vessels and in both raphe nuclei. 5-HIAA basal levels in these blood vessels were not altered by treatment with the drug. Muscimol evoked only a decrease in the serotonergic activity of the median raphe nucleus. These results suggest that rat cerebral arteries receive serotonergic fibers functionally active arising mainly from dorsal raphe nucleus.

Published
1994

29. Effects of L-arginine analogues in isolated cat cerebral arteries

Author

M L, Fraile, A L, López de Pablo, E J, Marco, L, Sanz, M J, Moreno, and M V, Conde

Subjects
Male, Vasodilation, Canavanine, Cats, Animals, Female, Endothelium, Vascular, Cerebral Arteries, Arginine, Nitric Oxide, Nitroarginine, Acetylcholine, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular
Abstract

The possible contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to the endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated cat cerebral arteries was studied by examining the effects of the L-arginine (L-ARG) analogues L-canavanine and NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) on acetylcholine-induced relaxation. L-canavanine (100 microM) as well as L-NOARG (10 microM) decreased significantly the relaxant response of acetylcholine, their effect being significantly reversed by L-arginine (10 microM) but not by D-arginine (10 microM). In resting conditions, L-NOARG (10 microM) elicited a contraction of 314 +/- 42 mg in arteries endowed with endothelium that was significantly diminished by endothelium removal to 88 +/- 35 mg, and by (10 microM) L-arginine to 135 +/- 54 mg. L-canavanine (100 microM) induced contractions in arteries with and without endothelial cells which were not statistically different. The results suggest that the endothelium of cat cerebral arteries has the ability to synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine and to release it, even in the absence of a stimulus such as that of acetylcholine. L-NOARG seems to be a specific and powerful inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis.

Published
1993

34. [What Salamanca does not give]

Author

M, Acera Rojo and L, Fraile Calle

Subjects
Motivation, Attitude of Health Personnel, Spain, Education, Nursing, Diploma Programs
Published
1983

36. [Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. I. Concept and pathogenesis of the disease]

Author

J J, Solovera Cano, J E, Frieyro Seguí, P, Ferriz, R, Pérez Maestu, L, Fraile de Abajo, P, Elviro, and C, Masa Vázquez

Subjects
Leukemia, Myeloproliferative Disorders, Primary Myelofibrosis, Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal, Anemia, Aplastic, Humans, Complement C3, Complement Activation, Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Published
1981

37. [Primary hyperparathyroidism associated to sarcoidosis. Report of a case]

Author

A M, Alamo Antúnez, F E, Frieyro Segui, J J, Alonso Alonso, C, Masa Vázquez, A, Guerrero Espejo, R, Pérez Maestu, and L, Fraile de Abajo

Subjects
Adenoma, Adult, Diagnosis, Differential, Male, Parathyroid Neoplasms, Sarcoidosis, Hyperparathyroidism, Humans, Hyperthyroidism
Published
1980

38. [Meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes]

Author

A, Guerrero Espejo, J E, Frieyro Segui, C, Masa Vázquez, R, Pérez Maestu, L, Buzón Rueda, A, del Alamo Antúnez, J J, Alonso Alonso, L, Fraile de Abajo, and D, Damaso López

Subjects
Male, Meningitis, Listeria, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Child, Listeria monocytogenes, Cerebrospinal Fluid
Published
1979

39. [Acute streptococcal pharyngo-tonsillitis: clinico-microbiological correlation. Prospective study of 271 cases]

Author

A, Gómez de la Cámara, J E, Frieyro Sequí, J, Morera Montes, E, Calvo Corbella, V, Baos Vicente, J M, Arribas Blanco, and L, Fraile de Abajo

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Pharyngitis, Middle Aged, Streptococcus agalactiae, Tonsillitis, Child, Preschool, Streptococcal Infections, Acute Disease, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Child
Published
1987

42. [Self evaluation]

Author

L, Fraile Calle

Subjects
Self-Evaluation Programs, Spain, Humans, Educational Measurement, Education, Nursing
Published
1988

43. [Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. III. Therapeutic measures]

Author

J J, Solovera Cano, J E, Frieyro Seguí, J, Ruiz Galiana, C, Masa Vázquez, L, Fraile de Abajo, M, Posada, and R, Pérez Maestu

Subjects
Pregnancy, Iron, Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic, Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal, Splenectomy, Humans, Blood Transfusion, Female, Thrombosis, Hormones
Published
1981

44. [Sarcoidosis. Retrospective study of 29 patients]

Author

M, Rodríguez Mosquera, C, Masa Vázquez, J E, Frieyro Segui, R, Perez Maestu, A M, Alamo Antúnez, L, Fraile de Abajo, J J, Alonso Alonso, and J, Martínez López de Letona

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Sarcoidosis, Kveim Test, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Respiratory Function Tests, Retrospective Studies
Published
1980

45. ISOL beams of neutron-rich oxygen isotopes

Author

U. Köster, O. Arndt, U. C. Bergmann, R. Catherall, J. Cederkäll, I. Dillmann, M. Dubois, F. Durantel, L. Fraile, S. Franchoo, G. Gaubert, L. Gaudefroy, O. Hallmann, C. Huet-Equilbec, B. Jacquot, P. Jardin, K. L. Kratz, N. Lecesne, R. Leroy, A. Lopez, L. Maunoury, J. Y. Pacquet, B. Pfeiffer, M. G. Saint-Laurent, C. Stodel, A. C. C. Villari, and L. Weissman

Subjects
010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences

46. Validation of a phenotyping method to identify PRRSV-resilient sows and its impact on sow stayability.

Author

Fraile L, Vidal A, Romero J, Abella G, Gracia J, Blanco-Penedo I, and Pena RN

Abstract

Endemic and epidemic outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are causing large economic losses in commercial pig production worldwide. Given the complexity of controlling this disease with vaccines or other biosecurity measures, the selection for pigs with a natural resilience to this infection has been proposed as an alternative approach. In this context, we previously reported a vaccine-based protocol to classify 6-week-old female piglets from one farm into resilient and susceptible phenotypes. Subsequent analysis showed that resilient sows had fewer lost piglets during a PRRSV epidemic. In the present study, we validated the results in four additional farms by showing a robust effect on the percentage of piglets lost (P<0.05). We were able to associate the resilient phenotype with a 2-4% reduction in piglet losses on sow farms in both endemic and endemic/epidemic situations. Also consistent with previous results, susceptible sows delivered on average, almost 0.5 more piglets born per parity (P<0.05). However, we show here that resilient sows have a longer stayability in the farm (+57 d; P<0.05) and +0.3 more successful parities (P<0.05), which balances the total number of piglets born and born alive in the full productive life of the sow between the two groups. Resilient sows thus contribute towards to a more sustainable production system, reducing sow replacement and piglet mortality. The validation of this protocol on four independent production farms paves the way for the study of the genetic variation underlying the resilient/susceptible classification, with a view to incorporating this information into selection programs in the future., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Multiplex Assay to Determine Acute Phase Proteins in Modified Live PRRSV Vaccinated Pigs.

Author

Tor M, Fraile L, Vilaró F, and Pena RN

Subjects
Animals, Swine, Apolipoprotein A-I immunology, Apolipoprotein A-I analysis, C-Reactive Protein analysis, C-Reactive Protein immunology, Vaccination, Mass Spectrometry methods, Viremia prevention & control, Viremia immunology, Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus immunology, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome prevention & control, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome immunology, Acute-Phase Proteins analysis, Acute-Phase Proteins immunology, Acute-Phase Proteins metabolism, Haptoglobins analysis, Viral Vaccines immunology, Serum Amyloid A Protein analysis
Abstract

Acute phase protein (APP) response to vaccine challenges is an attractive alternative to natural infection for identifying pigs with increased disease resilience and monitoring the productive performance. Currently, the methods used for APP quantification are diverse and often based on techniques that use antibodies that are not necessarily pig specific. The objective of this work is the development of a method based on a UPLC-SRM/MS system for simultaneous determination of haptoglobin, apolipoprotein A1, C-reactive protein, pig-major acute protein, and serum amyloid A and its application in pigs to monitor the effect of a vaccine administered against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). With the aim of tracing the complete analytical process for each proteotypic peptide, a synthetic QconCat polypeptide construct was designed. It was possible to develop an SRM method including haptoglobin, apolipoprotein A1, pig-MAP, and serum amyloid A1. The PRRSV vaccine only affected haptoglobin. The pigs with positive viremia tended to show higher values than negative pigs, reaching significant differences in the three haptoglobin SRM-detected peptides but not with the data acquired by immunoenzymatic and spectrophotometric assays. These results open the door to the use of SRM to accurately monitor APP changes in experimental pigs.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. An investigation of the transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae within vertically integrated systems using whole genome sequencing.

Author

Vilaró A, Karstensen KT, Cavaco LM, Angen Ø, Solé E, Seró I, Novell E, Enrique-Tarancón V, Guitart-Matas J, Migura-Garcia L, and Fraile L

Subjects
Swine, Animals, Pleuropneumonia microbiology, Pleuropneumonia veterinary, Genotype, Genome, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Spain epidemiology, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae genetics, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae drug effects, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae classification, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolation & purification, Whole Genome Sequencing, Actinobacillus Infections microbiology, Actinobacillus Infections veterinary, Actinobacillus Infections transmission, Swine Diseases microbiology, Swine Diseases transmission, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Phylogeny, Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Abstract

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry. Antibiotic treatment can be challenging due to its clinical urgency and the turnover of antimicrobial susceptibility results from the diagnostic laboratory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vertical transmission of APP within integrated systems as a criterion for optimising antimicrobial treatment in the field, using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Additionally, the genetic variability of Spanish APP isolates has been assessed to decipher antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, toxin presence, serotype, and phenotype/genotype concordance of AMR. A total of 169 isolates from clinical cases of porcine pleuropneumonia with known antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were sequenced. Additionally, 48 NCBI assemblies were included to perform a phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high association between phylogenetic clusters, serotypes, and presence of toxins that are associated within vertically integrated systems by its epidemiological link. Concordance between presence of AMR determinants (genotype) vs in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (phenotype) was acceptable for amoxicillin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, and enrofloxacin using epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs), but low concordance was observed for doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/S). On the other hand, using CLSI clinical breakpoints (CBPs), concordance was acceptable for florfenicol and enrofloxacin and not evaluated for doxycycline, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/S), and amoxicillin because no CBP are available for them. Finally, WGS has demonstrated the clonality between isolates that shared a common origin (grandmother's farm) and resistance phenotype, suggesting vertical transmission of this pathogen and supporting the use of the epidemiological approach as a good criterion to optimise the antimicrobial use., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Authors declare no conflict of interest, (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Azithromycin and moxifloxacin resistance determinants in Mycoplasma genitalium in Lleida, Spain.

Author

Fraile García L, Aramburu Arnuelos J, López González E, Bellés-Bellés A, Muñoz Santa A, Sánchez Báscones E, Mormeneo Bayo S, Bernet Sánchez A, Prats Sánchez I, Cumplido Portillo A, and García González M

Subjects
Spain, Humans, Prospective Studies, Female, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, RNA, Ribosomal, 23S genetics, Adult, DNA Topoisomerase IV genetics, Mycoplasma genitalium drug effects, Mycoplasma genitalium genetics, Moxifloxacin pharmacology, Moxifloxacin therapeutic use, Azithromycin pharmacology, Azithromycin therapeutic use, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Mycoplasma Infections drug therapy, Mycoplasma Infections microbiology, Mutation
Abstract

Objective: Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a microorganism related to sexually transmitted infections. Antibiotic resistance of MG leads to an increase in treatment failure rates and the persistence of the infection. The aim of this study was to describe the most frequent mutations associated with azithromycin and moxifloxacin resistance in our geographical area., Methods: A prospective study from May 2019 to May 2023 was performed. MG-positive samples were collected. Real-time PCRs (AllplexTM MG-AziR Assay and AllplexTM MG-MoxiR Assay, Seegene) were performed in MG positive samples to detect mutations in 23S rRNA V domain and parC gene., Results: A 37.1% of samples presented resistance determinants to azithromycin and the most common mutation detected was A2059G (57.9%). Resistance to moxifloxacin was studied in 72 azithromycin-resistant samples and 36.1% showed mutations, being G248T the most prevalent (73.1%)., Conclusions: The resistance to different lines of treat ment suggests the need for a targeted therapy and the performing of a test of cure afterwards., (©The Author 2024. Published by Sociedad Española de Quimioterapia. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Gut microbiome and resistome characterization of pigs treated with commonly used post-weaning diarrhea treatments.

Author

Guitart-Matas J, Ballester M, Fraile L, Darwich L, Giler-Baquerizo N, Tarres J, López-Soria S, Ramayo-Caldas Y, and Migura-Garcia L

Abstract

Background: The global burden of antimicrobial resistance demands additional measures to ensure the sustainable and conscious use of antimicrobials. For the swine industry, the post-weaning period is critical and for many years, antimicrobials have been the most effective strategy to control and treat post-weaning related infections. Among them, post-weaning diarrhea causes vast economic losses, as it severely compromises piglets' health and growth performance. In this study, 210 piglets were transferred from a farm with recurrent cases of post-weaning diarrhea to an experimental farm and divided into six different treatment groups to determine the effect of the different treatments on the growth performance and survival, the microbiome, and the resistome in a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. The different treatments included antimicrobials trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, colistin, and gentamicin, an oral commercial vaccine, a control with water acidification, and an untreated control. An extra group remained at the farm of origin following the implemented amoxicillin routine treatment. A total of 280 fecal samples from pigs at four different sampling times were selected for metagenomics: before weaning-treatment at the farm of origin, and three days, two weeks, and four weeks post-treatment., Results: The control group with water acidification showed a reduced death risk in the survival analyses and non-significant differences in average daily weight gain in comparison to the antibiotic-treated groups. However, the growth-promoting effect among antibiotic-treated groups was demonstrated when comparing against the untreated control group at the experimental farm. After four weeks of treatment, diversity indexes revealed significantly decreased diversity for the untreated control and the group that remained at the farm of origin treated with amoxicillin. For this last group, impaired microbial diversity could be related to the continuous amoxicillin treatment carried out at the farm. Analysis of the resistome showed that both gentamicin and amoxicillin treatments significantly contributed to the emergence of resistance, while trimethoprim/sulphonamide and colistin did not, suggesting that different treatments contribute differently to the emergence of resistance., Conclusions: Overall, this shotgun longitudinal metagenomics analysis demonstrates that non-antibiotic alternatives, such as water acidification, can contribute to reducing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance without compromising pig growth performance and gut microbiome., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results