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22 results on '"L. Commin"'

1. Progress in the integration of Test Blanket Systems in ITER equatorial port cells and in the interfaces definition

Author

R. Pascal, Pierre Cortes, S. Bonagiri, J.P. Martins, R. Lanza, L. Commin, D. Plutino, Laurent Patisson, M. Iseli, W. Shu, J.-C. Nevière, S. Beloglazov, H.L. Swami, L. Giancarli, C. Gliss, and B. Levesy

Subjects
Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Component (UML), Water cooling, General Materials Science, Blanket, Design integration, Port (computer networking), Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

In the framework of the TBM Program, three ITER vacuum vessel equatorial ports (#16, #18 and #02) have been allocated for the testing of up to six mock-ups of six different DEMO tritium breeding blankets. Each one is called a Test Blanket System (TBS). A TBS consists mainly of the Test Blanket Module (TBM), the in-vessel component facing the plasma, and several ancillary systems, in particular the cooling system and the tritium extraction system. Each port accommodates two TBMs and therefore the two TBSs have to share the corresponding port cell. This paper deals with the design integration aspects of the two TBSs in each port cell performed at ITER Organization (IO) with the corresponding definition of interfaces with other ITER systems. The performed activities have raised several issues that are discussed in the paper and for which design solutions are proposed.

Published
2012

2. Test Blanket Module Pipe Forest integration in ITER equatorial port

Author

L. Commin, O. Bede, S. Madeleine, G. Rampal, J.-C. Patterlini, Fabio Cismondi, Christian Dechelle, and L. Doceul

Subjects
Cryostat, Mechanical Engineering, Reference design, Nuclear engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Port (circuit theory), Blanket, Coolant, Breeder (animal), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Thermal, Environmental science, General Materials Science, Helium, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

ITER Test Blanket Modules (TBMs) will allow testing Breeding Blanket concepts for a future application in DEMO. IRFM (Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion Magnetique) contribution to this test program consists in the integration of the 2 European TBMs (Helium Cooled Lithium Lead and Helium Cooled Pebble Bed) in a dedicated equatorial port. The two Breeding Blanket concepts use Helium gas as a coolant, liquid PbLi as breeder (for HCLL process) and Helium gas for Tritium extraction (for HCPB process). These materials are passing through the cryostat interspace forming a pipe network called the Pipe Forest. The main structural function of the Pipe Forest is to absorb the thermal expansion due to the Vacuum Vessel and due to the pipe system itself. The Pipe Forest has to cope with several design issues. In this study, the different key parameters of the Pipe Forest design are identified and their relative influence is analysed. Several design options were investigated and compared based on: - Thermo-mechanical finite element calculations - Pipe Forest integration within the cryostat interspace - Interface management - Assembly and maintenance scenarios - Complex pipe routing due to the expansion bends - RCC-MR 2007 requirements The chosen thermal compensation solution (thermal expansion loops) led to a Pipe Forest design. The CAE analysis of this Pipe Forest showed that it fulfills the requirements of the RCC-MR 2007, which is the reference design and construction code selected for the European TBM.

Published
2011

3. Identification of shear bands in wrought magnesium alloy friction stir welds and laser beam welds

Author

Fabrice Pierron, R. Rotinat, J.-E. Masse, L. Commin, and Laurent Barrallier

Subjects
Materials science, Magnesium, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, technology, industry, and agriculture, Laser beam welding, chemistry.chemical_element, Welding, respiratory system, equipment and supplies, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, law.invention, Shear (sheet metal), chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, law, Friction stir welding, General Materials Science, Composite material, Magnesium alloy, Shear band
Abstract

The microstructural study of hot rolled magnesium friction stir and laser beam welds revealed the presence of shear band features starting from the weld edge and propagating in the base metal. These shear bands present a highly twinned microstructure and strain localisation occurs preferentially in this region. This influences the resulting mechanical properties of wrought magnesium alloy friction stir and laser beam welds.

Published
2009

4. Chirurgie cardiaque effectuée avec une association héparine non fractionnée et inhibiteur des récepteurs GPIIbIIIa plaquettaire (tirofiban) pour suspicion de TIH

Author

P.-L. Commin, Bertrand Rozec, Yvonnick Blanloeil, Y. Le Teurnier, M. Trossaërt, and X. Fournet

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Antithrombotic Agent, Circulacion extracorporea, business.industry, medicine, General Medicine, Tirofiban, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Resume Chez un malade victime d'une thrombopenie induite par l'heparine (TIH) plusieurs alternatives antithrombotiques sont proposees pour la realisation d'une chirurgie cardiaque avec ou sans circulation extracorporelle (CEC) : danaparoide, lepirudine ou antiplaquettaire puissant. Recemment, il a ete propose d'utiliser un inhibiteur des recepteurs GPIIbIIIa plaquettaires, le tirofiban (Aggrastat ® ). Deux observations de la chirurgie cardiaque effectuees avec l'association heparine non fractionnee (HNF)-tirofiban, sont rapportees chez les patients suspects de TIH. Dans le premier cas, l'intervention de pontage coronaire a ete faite a cœur battant, et dans le deuxieme sous circulation extracorporelle pour un remplacement valvulaire mitral. Le tirofiban a ete associe a l'HNF et l'aprotinine. Le saignement per- et postoperatoire a ete dans les deux cas dans les fourchettes des saignements habituellement observes dans ces types de chirurgie et la tolerance hemodynamique a ete excellente. Ces deux observations confirment la possibilite de realiser avec securite une chirurgie cardiaque sous dose efficace de tirofiban. Sans surveillance de l'inhibition de l'agregation plaquettaire cette prise en charge apparait plus simple que les autres alternatives proposees en presence d'une TIH.

Published
2006

5. Contribution of Tore Supra in preparation of ITER

Author

B. Saoutic, J. Abiteboul, L. Allegretti, S. Allfrey, J.M. Ané, T. Aniel, A. Argouarch, J.F. Artaud, M.H. Aumenier, S. Balme, V. Basiuk, O. Baulaigue, P. Bayetti, A. Bécoulet, M. Bécoulet, M.S. Benkadda, F. Benoit, G. Berger-by, J.M. Bernard, B. Bertrand, P. Beyer, A. Bigand, J. Blum, D. Boilson, G. Bonhomme, H. Bottollier-Curtet, C. Bouchand, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, S. Bourmaud, C. Brault, S. Brémond, C. Brosset, J. Bucalossi, Y. Buravand, P. Cara, V. Catherine-Dumont, A. Casati, M. Chantant, M. Chatelier, G. Chevet, D. Ciazynski, G. Ciraolo, F. Clairet, M. Coatanea-Gouachet, L. Colas, L. Commin, E. Corbel, Y. Corre, X. Courtois, R. Dachicourt, M. Dapena Febrer, M. Davi Joanny, R. Daviot, H. De Esch, J. Decker, P. Decool, P. Delaporte, E. Delchambre, E. Delmas, L. Delpech, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, T. Dittmar, L. Doceul, D. Douai, H. Dougnac, J.L. Duchateau, B. Dugué, N. Dumas, R. Dumont, A. Durocher, F.X. Duthoit, A. Ekedahl, D. Elbeze, M. El Khaldi, F. Escourbiac, F. Faisse, G. Falchetto, M. Farge, J.L. Farjon, M. Faury, N. Fedorczak, C. Fenzi-Bonizec, M. Firdaouss, Y. Frauel, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, J.L. Gardarein, L. Gargiulo, P. Garibaldi, E. Gauthier, O. Gaye, A. Géraud, M. Geynet, P. Ghendrih, I. Giacalone, S. Gibert, C. Gil, G. Giruzzi, M. Goniche, V. Grandgirard, C. Grisolia, G. Gros, A. Grosman, R. Guigon, D. Guilhem, B. Guillerminet, R. Guirlet, J. Gunn, O. Gurcan, S. Hacquin, J.C. Hatchressian, P. Hennequin, C. Hernandez, P. Hertout, S. Heuraux, J. Hillairet, G.T. Hoang, C. Honore, M. Houry, T. Hutter, P. Huynh, G. Huysmans, F. Imbeaux, E. Joffrin, J. Johner, L. Jourd'Heuil, Y.S. Katharria, D. Keller, S.H. Kim, M. Kocan, M. Kubic, B. Lacroix, V. Lamaison, G. Latu, Y. Lausenaz, C. Laviron, F. Leroux, L. Letellier, M. Lipa, X. Litaudon, T. Loarer, P. Lotte, S. Madeleine, P. Magaud, P. Maget, R. Magne, L. Manenc, Y. Marandet, G. Marbach, J.L. Maréchal, L. Marfisi, C. Martin, G. Martin, V. Martin, A. Martinez, J.P. Martins, R. Masset, D. Mazon, N. Mellet, L. Mercadier, A. Merle, D. Meshcheriakov, O. Meyer, L. Million, M. Missirlian, P. Mollard, V. Moncada, P. Monier-Garbet, D. Moreau, P. Moreau, L. Morini, M. Nannini, M. Naiim Habib, E. Nardon, H. Nehme, C. Nguyen, S. Nicollet, R. Nouilletas, T. Ohsako, M. Ottaviani, S. Pamela, H. Parrat, P. Pastor, A.L. Pecquet, B. Pégourié, Y. Peysson, I. Porchy, C. Portafaix, M. Preynas, M. Prou, J.M. Raharijaona, N. Ravenel, C. Reux, P. Reynaud, M. Richou, H. Roche, P. Roubin, R. Sabot, F. Saint-Laurent, S. Salasca, F. Samaille, A. Santagiustina, Y. Sarazin, A. Semerok, J. Schlosser, M. Schneider, M. Schubert, F. Schwander, J.L. Ségui, G. Selig, P. Sharma, J. Signoret, A. Simonin, S. Song, E. Sonnendruker, F. Sourbier, P. Spuig, P. Tamain, M. Tena, J.M. Theis, D. Thouvenin, A. Torre, J.M. Travère, E. Tsitrone, J.C. Vallet, E. Van Der Plas, A. Vatry, J.M. Verger, L. Vermare, F. Villecroze, D. Villegas, R. Volpe, K. Vulliez, J. Wagrez, T. Wauters, L. Zani, D. Zarzoso, X.L. Zou, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept. Accelerateurs - XFEL, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Association EURATOM-CEA (CEA/DSM/DRFC), Département de Recherche sur la Fusion Contrôlée (DRFC), Laboratoire d'Interaction Laser Matière (LILM), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, School of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Division, ITER organization (ITER), CEA Cadarache, Centre de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA ISIS, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 (IRSTV), Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eau et Environnement (IFSTTAR/GERS/EE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre of Molecular and Structural Biomedicine (CBME)/Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), University of Algarve [Portugal], Laboratoire Lasers, Plasmas et Procédés photoniques (LP3), Centre d'Histoire 'Espaces et Cultures' (CHEC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre d'investigation clinique en cancérologie (CI2C), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux en Milieux Agressifs (LEMMA), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), CMCR des Massues, Croix rouge française, Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réserve Naturelle Nationale Baie St-Brieuc, Réserves Naturelles de France-Réserves Naturelles de France, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction des Jardins botaniques et zoologiques, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente e per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile (DIASS), Dipartimento Ingn Ambiente & Sviluppo Soste, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Equipe Dynamique des Systemes Complexes, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Laboratoire de physique des milieux ionisés et applications (LPMIA), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Service de Chimie Physique (SCP), Laboratoire des Adaptations Physiologiques aux Activités Physiques (LAPHAP), Université de Poitiers, Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes ( InESS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés ( SIMaP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) ( LMD ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies ( FEMTO-ST ), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques ( ENSMM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels ( IUSTI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), EDF - R&D Department MMC and MAI, EDF R&D ( EDF R&D ), EDF ( EDF ) -EDF ( EDF ), Association EURATOM-CEA ( CEA/DSM/DRFC ), Département de Recherche sur la Fusion Contrôlée ( DRFC ), Laboratoire d'Interaction Laser Matière ( LILM ), Département de Physico-Chimie ( DPC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas ( LPP ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Observatoire de Paris-École polytechnique ( X ) -Sorbonne Universités-PSL Research University ( PSL ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) ( DPHN ), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, ITER [St. Paul-lez-Durance], ITER, Centre de Thermique de Lyon ( CETHIL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information ( CEA-LETI ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères], Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand ( ICCF ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Sigma CLERMONT ( Sigma CLERMONT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville ( IRSTV ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Eau et Environnement ( IFSTTAR/GERS/EE ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans ( UNAM ), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies ( LIST ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Lasers, Plasmas et Procédés photoniques ( LP3 ), Centre d'Histoire 'Espaces et Cultures' ( CHEC ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie / Nantes - Angers ( CRCNA ), CHU Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ) -Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Faculté de Médecine d'Angers, Centre d'investigation clinique en cancérologie ( CI2C ), IFP Energies nouvelles ( IFPEN ), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] ( MATEIS ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux en Milieux Agressifs ( LEMMA ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ( ISCR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Croix-rouge française, Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux [Paris] ( PIMM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation ( IMEP-LAHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres ( M2P2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géoazur ( GEOAZUR ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Réserve de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Department of Information Technology ( INTEC ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente e per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile ( DIASS ), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier ( ICGM ICMMM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physique des milieux ionisés et applications ( LPMIA ), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 ( UHP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon ( CRCL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), Catalyse par les métaux, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers ( IC2MP ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service de Chimie Physique ( SCP ), Laboratoire des Adaptations Physiologiques aux Activités Physiques ( LAPHAP ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Plasma parameters, Ripple, Plasma, Tore Supra, Collisionality, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, symbols.namesake, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Langmuir probe, Electron temperature, 010306 general physics, Power density
Abstract

International audience; Tore Supra routinely addresses the physics and technology of very long-duration plasma discharges, thus bringing precious information on critical issues of long pulse operation of ITER. A new ITER relevant lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) launcher has allowed coupling to the plasma a power level of 2.7 MW for 78 s, corresponding to a power density close to the design value foreseen for an ITER LHCD system. In accordance with the expectations, long distance (10 cm) power coupling has been obtained. Successive stationary states of the plasma current pro le have been controlled in real-time featuring (i) control of sawteeth with varying plasma parameters, (ii) obtaining and sustaining a `hot core' plasma regime, (iii) recovery from a voluntarily triggered deleterious magnetohydrodynamic regime. The scrape-off layer (SOL) parameters and power deposition have been documented during L-mode ramp-up phase, a crucial point for ITER before the X-point formation. Disruption mitigation studies have been conducted with massive gas injection, evidencing the difference between He and Ar and the possible role of the q = 2 surface in limiting the gas penetration. ICRF assisted wall conditioning in the presence of magnetic eld has been investigated, culminating in the demonstration that this conditioning scheme allows one to recover normal operation after disruptions. The effect of the magnetic eld ripple on the intrinsic plasma rotation has been studied, showing the competition between turbulent transport processes and ripple toroidal friction. During dedicated dimensionless experiments, the effect of varying the collisionality on turbulence wavenumber spectra has been documented, giving new insight into the turbulence mechanism. Turbulence measurements have also allowed quantitatively comparing experimental results with predictions by 5D gyrokinetic codes: numerical results simultaneously match the magnitude of effective heat diffusivity, rms values of density uctuations and wavenumber spectra. A clear correlation between electron temperature gradient and impurity transport in the very core of the plasma has been observed, strongly suggesting the existence of a threshold above which transport is dominated by turbulent electron modes. Dynamics of edge turbulent uctuations has been studied by correlating data from fast imaging cameras and Langmuir probes, yielding a coherent picture of transport processes involved in the SOL.

Published
2011

6. [Use of heparin and platelet GPIIbIIIa inhibitor tirofiban for cardiac surgery in patients for suspicion of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]

Author

P-L, Commin, B, Rozec, M, Trossaërt, Y, Le Teurnier, X, Fournet, and Y, Blanloeil

Subjects
Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation, Male, Heparin, Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex, Middle Aged, Thrombocytopenia, Postoperative Complications, Tirofiban, Humans, Mitral Valve, Tyrosine, Female, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Aged
Abstract

In a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia few antithrombotic alternate treatments are proposed for cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass: danaparoid, lepirudine or powerful antiplatelet agent. Recently, the platelet GPIIbIIIa antagonist tirofiban (Aggrastat) was tested in humans. We reported two cases of patients operated upon for cardiac surgery with unfractionnated heparin (UFH) and tirofiban. The first patient underwent an off-pump coronary artery bypass graft and the second one a mitral valvular replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass. Tirofiban was associated with UFH and aprotinine. Postoperative bleeding was in the normal range for the two types of surgeries and haemodynamic tolerance was good. These two case reports support the possibility of secure cardiac surgery under efficient platelet inhibition with tirofiban. The management of cardiac surgery with tirofiban without monitoring of platelet aggregation appeared to be more simple than with the other alternate antithrombotic agents.

Published
2004

7. Hemostasis in patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation: the effect of aprotinin (Trasylol)

Author

H, Lu, C, Soria, P L, Commin, J, Soria, A, Piwnica, F, Schumann, O, Regnier, Y, Legrand, and J P, Caen

Subjects
Blood Platelets, Male, Extracorporeal Circulation, Hemostasis, Antithrombin III, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins, Middle Aged, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products, Aprotinin, Double-Blind Method, Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex, Ristocetin, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Humans, Prospective Studies, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Abstract

The administration of aprotinin during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) reduces blood loss. To explore the mechanism of this effect, a placebo-controlled double-blind study was performed in 20 patients (10 were administered with a high dose of aprotinin, 10 with placebo) undergoing a primary, elective operation of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with ECC. Biological tests were performed at 4 different time points during the operation. A marked reduction in the placebo group of ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination (binding of von Willebrand factor [vWF] to platelet glycoprotein [GP] Ib) was shown during ECC and at the end of surgery, but not in the aprotinin group. This abnormality is not related to the hydrolysis of vWF or GP Ib, since washed platelets were resuspended in pooled normal plasma which provided a constant amount of vWF in this test and since the plasma concentration of the fragment of GP Ib (glycocalicin) did not correlate with this abnormality. Despite a high concentration of heparin (5-7 IU/ml) in patient's plasma during bypass, activation of blood coagulation in both groups was evidenced by an increase in ATm (thrombin-modified antithrombin III) level. The level of ATm in the placebo group reached a maximum at the end of ECC during rewarming, while in the aprotinin group, ATm level at this time point was significantly lower than in the control group. In comparison to the placebo group, the generation of the fibrin degradation products (DDE complexes) was inhibited by aprotinin during ECC, but the level of DDE complexes in the aprotinin group was slightly elevated after ECC, although much less than in the placebo group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1991

11. Science and technology research and development in support to ITER and the Broader Approach at CEA

Author

A. Bécoulet, G.T. Hoang, J. Abiteboul, J. Achard, T. Alarcon, J. Alba-Duran, L. Allegretti, S. Allfrey, S. Amiel, J.M. Ané, T. Aniel, G. Antar, A. Argouarch, A. Armitano, J. Arnaud, D. Arranger, J.F. Artaud, D. Audisio, M. Aumeunier, E. Autissier, L. Azcona, A. Back, A. Bahat, X. Bai, B. Baiocchi, D. Balaguer, S. Balme, C. Balorin, O. Barana, D. Barbier, A. Barbuti, V. Basiuk, O. Baulaigue, P. Bayetti, C. Baylard, S. Beaufils, A. Beaute, M. Bécoulet, Z. Bej, S. Benkadda, F. Benoit, G. Berger-By, J.M. Bernard, A. Berne, B. Bertrand, E. Bertrand, P. Beyer, A. Bigand, G. Bonhomme, G. Borel, A. Boron, C. Bottereau, H. Bottollier-Curtet, C. Bouchand, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, J. Bourg, S. Bourmaud, S. Brémond, F. Bribiesca Argomedo, M. Brieu, C. Brun, V. Bruno, J. Bucalossi, H. Bufferand, Y. Buravand, L. Cai, V. Cantone, B. Cantone, E. Caprin, T. Cartier-Michaud, A. Castagliolo, J. Belo, V. Catherine-Dumont, G. Caulier, J. Chaix, M. Chantant, M. Chatelier, D. Chauvin, J. Chenevois, B. Chouli, L. Christin, D. Ciazynski, G. Ciraolo, F. Clairet, R. Clapier, H. Cloez, M. Coatanea-Gouachet, L. Colas, G. Colledani, L. Commin, P. Coquillat, E. Corbel, Y. Corre, J. Cottet, P. Cottier, X. Courtois, I. Crest, R. Dachicourt, M. Dapena Febrer, C. Daumas, H.P.L. de Esch, B. De Gentile, C. Dechelle, J. Decker, P. Decool, V. Deghaye, J. Delaplanche, E. Delchambre-Demoncheaux, L. Delpech, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, J. Dias Pereira Bernardo, G. Dif-Pradalier, L. Doceul, Y. Dong, D. Douai, H. Dougnac, N. Dubuit, J.-L. Duchateau, L. Ducobu, B. Dugue, N. Dumas, R. Dumont, A. Durocher, F. Duthoit, A. Ekedahl, D. Elbeze, A. Escarguel, J. Escop, F. Faïsse, G. Falchetto, J. Farjon, M. Faury, N. Fedorzack, P. Féjoz, C. Fenzi, F. Ferlay, P. Fiet, M. Firdaouss, M. Francisquez, B. Franel, J. Frauche, Y. Frauel, R. Futtersack, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, J. Gardarein, L. Gargiulo, P. Garibaldi, P. Garin, D. Garnier, E. Gauthier, O. Gaye, A. Geraud, M. Gerome, V. Gervaise, M. Geynet, P. Ghendrih, I. Giacalone, S. Gibert, C. Gil, S. Ginoux, L. Giovannangelo, S. Girard, G. Giruzzi, C. Goletto, R. Goncalves, R. Gonde, M. Goniche, R. Goswami, C. Grand, V. Grandgirard, B. Gravil, C. Grisolia, G. Gros, A. Grosman, J. Guigue, D. Guilhem, C. Guillemaut, B. Guillerminet, Z. Guimaraes Filho, R. Guirlet, J. P. Gunn, O. Gurcan, F. Guzman, S. Hacquin, F. Hariri, F. Hasenbeck, J.C. Hatchressian, P. Hennequin, C. Hernandez, P. Hertout, S. Heuraux, J. Hillairet, C. Honore, G. Hornung, M. Houry, I. Hunstad, T. Hutter, P. Huynh, V. Icard, F. Imbeaux, M. Irishkin, L. Isoardi, J. Jacquinot, J. Jacquot, G. Jiolat, M. Joanny, E. Joffrin, J. Johner, P. Joubert, L. Jourd'Heuil, M. Jouve, C. Junique, D. Keller, C. Klepper, D. Kogut, M. Kubič, F. Labassé, B. Lacroix, Y. Lallier, V. Lamaison, R. Lambert, S. Larroque, G. Latu, Y. Lausenaz, C. Laviron, R. Le, A. Le Luyer, C. Le Niliot, Y. Le Tonqueze, P. Lebourg, T. Lefevre, F. Leroux, L. Letellier, Y. Li, M. Lipa, J. Lister, X. Litaudon, F. Liu, T. Loarer, G. Lombard, P. Lotte, M. Lozano, J. Lucas, H. Lütjens, P. Magaud, P. Maget, R. Magne, J.-F. Mahieu, P. Maini, P. Malard, L. Manenc, Y. Marandet, G. Marbach, J.-L. Marechal, L. Marfisi, M. Marle, C. Martin, V. Martin, G. Martin, A. Martinez, P. Martino, R. Masset, D. Mazon, N. Mellet, L. Mercadier, A. Merle, D. Meshcheriakov, P. Messina, O. Meyer, L. Millon, M. Missirlian, J. Moerel, D. Molina, P. Mollard, V. Moncada, P. Monier-Garbet, D. Moreau, M. Moreau, P. Moreau, P. Morel, T. Moriyama, Y. Motassim, G. Mougeolle, D. Moulton, G. Moureau, D. Mouyon, M. Naim Habib, E. Nardon, V. Négrier, J. Nemeth, C. Nguyen, M. Nguyen, L. Nicolas, T. Nicolas, S. Nicollet, E. Nilsson, B. N'Konga, F. Noel, A. Nooman, C. Norscini, R. Nouailletas, P. Oddon, T. Ohsako, F. Orain, M. Ottaviani, M. Pagano, F. Palermo, S. Panayotis, H. Parrat, J.-Y. Pascal, C. Passeron, P. Pastor, J. Patterlini, K. Pavy, A.-L. Pecquet, B. Pégourié, C. Peinturier, T. Pelletier, B. Peluso, V. Petrzilka, Y. Peysson, E. Pignoly, R. Pirola, C. Pocheau, E. Poitevin, V. Poli, S. Poli, F. Pompon, I. Porchy, C. Portafaix, M. Preynas, P. Prochet, M. Prou, A. Ratnani, D. Raulin, N. Ravenel, S. Renard, B. Ricaud, M. Richou, G. Ritz, H. Roche, P. Roubin, C. Roux, K. Ruiz, F. Sabathier, R. Sabot, A. Saille, F. Saint-Laurent, R. Sakamoto, S. Salasca, T. Salmon, F. Samaille, S. Sanchez, A. Santagiustina, B. Saoutic, Y. Sarazin, P. Sardain, J. Schlosser, M. Schneider, J. Schwob, J. Segui, N. Seguin, G. Selig, D. Serret, J. Signoret, A. Simonin, M. Soldaini, B. Soler, C. Soltane, S. Song, F. Sourbier, J. Sparagna, P. Spitz, P. Spuig, A. Storelli, A. Strugarek, P. Tamain, M. Tena, J. Theis, O. Thomine, D. Thouvenin, A. Torre, L. Toulouse, J. Travère, E. Tsitrone, B. Turck, J. Urban, J.-C. Vallet, J. Vallory, A. Valognes, J. Van Helvoirt, S. Vartanian, J.-M. Verger, L. Vermare, C. Vermare, D. Vezinet, K. Vicente, J. Vidal, N. Vignal, T. Vigne, F. Villecroze, E. Villedieu, B. Vincent, B. Volpe, D. Volpe, R. Volpe, J. Wagrez, H. Wang, T. Wauters, O. Wintersdorff, E. Wittebol, B. Zago, L. Zani, D. Zarzoso, Y. Zhang, W. Zhong, X.L. Zou, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Tokamak, business.industry, Superconducting magnet, Tore Supra, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Phase (combat), 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Procurement, Runaway electrons, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Systems engineering, 010306 general physics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Équipe 107 : Physique des plasmas chauds; International audience; In parallel to the direct contribution to the procurement phase of ITER and Broader Approach, CEA has initiated research & development programmes, accompanied by experiments together with a significant modelling effort, aimed at ensuring robust operation, plasma performance, as well as mitigating the risks of the procurement phase. This overview reports the latest progress in both fusion science and technology including many areas, namely the mitigation of superconducting magnet quenches, disruption-generated runaway electrons, edge-localized modes (ELMs), the development of imaging surveillance, and heating and current drive systems for steady-state operation. The WEST (W Environment for Steady-state Tokamaks) project, turning Tore Supra into an actively cooled W-divertor platform open to the ITER partners and industries, is presented.

12. Bio-functionalized hydrogel patches of chitosan for the functional recovery of infarcted myocardial tissue.

Author

Domengé O, Deloux R, Revet G, Mazière L, Pillet-Michelland E, Commin L, Bonnefont-Rebeix C, Simon A, Mougenot N, Cavagnino A, Baraibar M, Saulnier N, Crépet A, Delair T, Agbulut O, and Montembault A

Subjects
Animals, Rats, Male, Myocardium metabolism, Recovery of Function drug effects, Mesenchymal Stem Cells drug effects, Mesenchymal Stem Cells metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Chitosan chemistry, Chitosan pharmacology, Myocardial Infarction drug therapy, Hydrogels chemistry, Hydrogels pharmacology
Abstract

The aim of this work was to assess the potential benefits of the enrichment of a chitosan hydrogel patch with secretome and its epicardial implantation in a murine model of chronic ischemia, focusing on the potential to restore the functional capacity of the heart. Thus, a hydrogel with a final polymer concentration of 3 % was prepared from chitosan with an acetylation degree of 24 % and then bio-functionalized with a secretome produced by mesenchymal stromal cells. The identification of proteins in the secretomes showed the presence of several proteins known to have beneficial effects on cardiac muscle repair. Then chitosan hydrogels were immersed in secretome. The protein incorporation in the hydrogel and their release over time were studied, demonstrating the ability of the gel to retain and then deliver proteins (around 40 % was released in the first 6 h, and then a plateau was reached). Moreover, mechanical analysis exhibited that the patches remained suturable after enrichment. Finally, bio-functionalized hydrogel patches were sutured onto the surface of the infarcted myocardium in rat. Thirty days after, the presence of enriched hydrogels induced a reversion of cardiac function which seems to come mainly from an improvement of left ventricle systolic performance and contractility., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2024
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13. Comparative Evaluation of the In Vitro Cytotoxicity of a Series of Chitosans and Chitooligosaccharides Water-Soluble at Physiological pH.

Author

Dias C, Commin L, Bonnefont-Rebeix C, Buff S, Bruyère P, and Trombotto S

Abstract

Chitosans (CS) have been of great interest due to their properties and numerous applications. However, CS have poor solubility in neutral and basic media, which limits their use in these conditions. In contrast, chitooligosaccharides (COS) have better solubility in water and lower viscosity in aqueous solutions whilst maintaining interesting biological properties. CS and COS, unlike other sugars, are not single polymers with a defined structure but are groups of molecules with modifiable structural parameters, allowing the adaptation and optimization of their properties. The great versatility of CS and COS makes these molecules very attractive for different applications, such as cryopreservation. Here, we investigated the effect of the degree of polymerization (DP), degree of N-acetylation (DA) and concentration of a series of synthesized CS and COS, water-soluble at physiological pH, on their cytotoxicity in an L929 fibroblast cell culture. Our results demonstrated that CS and COS showed no sign of toxicity regarding cell viability at low concentrations (≤10 mg/mL), independently of their DP and DA, whereas a compromising effect on cell viability was observed at a high concentration (100 mg/mL).

Published
2023
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14. Assessment of Optimized Frozen/Thawed Semen Samples in Canines with the New A-Kinase Anchor Protein 4 Precursor Biomarker.

Author

Langlade C, Buff S, Dias C, and Commin L

Subjects
A Kinase Anchor Proteins, Animals, Biomarkers, Dogs, Male, Semen, Sperm Motility, Semen Preservation
Abstract

Optimizing thawing conditions are required to maximize recovery of semen capacities after cryopreservation. This study aimed to assess the effect of thawing procedures on motility recovery and maintenance of semen capacities over time. A fractional factorial design approach was used to reduce the number of repetitions and simultaneously analyze the different interactions. Thirty canine frozen semen samples were thawed under different thawing conditions. Motility and velocity parameters were recorded using a computer-assisted semen analyzer up to 6 hours after thawing. Ten quadratic models were found to be significant, with the most significant effects observed on the velocity parameters. Second, this study allowed us to evaluate the effect of the proAKAP4 marker on frozen/thawed semen, with regard to motility recovery. ProAKAP4 is the precursor of A-kinase anchor protein 4. It has been studied in several species as a marker to assess sperm quality. In our study, the expression of proAKAP4 was determined using flow cytometry. No correlation was found between post-thaw motility parameters and proAKAP4 levels. However, the effects of thawing temperature, incubation time, and straw size were significant and similar to those observed for velocity parameters.

Published
2020
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15. Comparison Between an Animal-Derived Product Medium and a Chemically Defined Medium for Ram Sperm Cryopreservation.

Author

Gavin-Plagne L, Commin L, Bruyère P, Buff S, and Joly T

Subjects
Acrosome drug effects, Acrosome metabolism, Animals, Egg Yolk metabolism, Female, France, Freezing adverse effects, Male, Milk metabolism, Pregnancy, Semen drug effects, Semen metabolism, Semen Analysis methods, Sheep, Sperm Motility drug effects, Spermatozoa drug effects, Spermatozoa metabolism, Cryopreservation methods, Cryoprotective Agents pharmacology, Semen Preservation methods
Abstract

Animal-derived products are widely used in sperm cryopreservation for their cryoprotective properties. These components, however, tend to be replaced because of sanitary risks. STEMALPHA.CRYO3 (Ref. 5617; Stem Alpha, Saint-Genis-l'Argentière, France), called "CRYO3," is a chemically defined preservation medium currently used for freezing human tissue and adult stem cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a CRYO3-based medium on ram sperm freezing regarding in vitro parameters and in vivo fertility. Semen from nine Charolais rams was collected using an artificial vagina, then split and frozen using two media: a CRYO3-based medium or a control medium containing egg yolk (10%) and milk (45%). Sperm membrane integrity (propidium iodide [PI]/SYBR-14 and calcein AM/ethidium homodimer-1), acrosome integrity (FITC-PNA/PI), and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1) were assessed using flow cytometry, while functional membrane integrity was assessed using a hypo-osmotic swelling test and motility parameters, evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Pregnancy rates, prolificacy, and the average daily weight gain (DWG) of lambs were evaluated after performing 195 laparoscopic inseminations. The control medium showed significantly higher results than CRYO-based medium for all in vitro parameters, except for linearity and straightness (motions parameters). Conversely, field trials showed no significant difference between the control medium and the CRYO3-based medium for pregnancy rates (72.2% and 67.9%, respectively), prolificacy (1.8 and 1.6, respectively), and the DWG (0.34 and 0.35 kg/d, respectively). This preliminary study showed that CRYO3 cannot replace egg yolk and milk in freezing extenders for commercial purposes. However, as laparoscopic inseminations allowed a 67% pregnancy rate, CRYO3-based medium remains an option for international transport or long-term storage of genetic diversity.

Published
2019
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16. Rapid cooling of rabbit embryos in a synthetic medium.

Author

Teixeira M, Commin L, Gavin-Plagne L, Bruyère P, Buff S, and Joly T

Subjects
Animals, Blastocyst drug effects, Cold Temperature, Female, Fertilization in Vitro, Pregnancy, Rabbits, Cryopreservation methods, Cryoprotective Agents pharmacology, Embryo, Mammalian, Embryonic Development drug effects
Abstract

Embryo cryopreservation media usually contain animal-derived products, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). These products present two major disadvantages: an undefined variable composition and a risk of pathogen transmission. We aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing BSA in rabbit embryo rapid cooling "freezing" and warming media with a chemically defined medium with no animal-derived products: STEM ALPHA. Cryo3 ("Cryo3"). A total of 1540 rabbit morulae were divided into three cryopreservation groups (group 1: BSA, group 2: 20% Cryo3 and group 3: 100% Cryo3) and a fresh controls group. After rapid cooling, embryos were cultured (in vitro approach), or transferred into synchronized does (in vivo approach). In the in vitro approach, post-warm survival rates obtained with 100% Cryo3 (94.9%) were superior to BSA (90.8%) and 20% Cryo3 (85.6%). The blastocyst formation rate was similar between BSA, 20% Cryo3 and 100% Cryo3 groups (85.1, 77.9 and 83.3%, respectively), as was the expansion/hatching rate (63.1, 63.4 and 58.0%, respectively) and embryo mitochondrial activity. In the in vivo approach, pregnancy (80.0, 68.0 and 95.2%, respectively), implantation (40.5, 45.9 and 44.8%, respectively), and live-foetus rates (35.6, 35.5 and 38.1%, respectively) were similar between the three groups. To conclude, Cryo3 can replace BSA in rabbit embryo rapid cooling "freezing" and warming media., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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17. Ice nucleating agents allow embryo freezing without manual seeding.

Author

Teixeira M, Buff S, Desnos H, Loiseau C, Bruyère P, Joly T, and Commin L

Subjects
Animals, Culture Techniques, Embryonic Development drug effects, Female, Freezing, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Male, Mice, Osmolar Concentration, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins pharmacology, Cryopreservation methods, Cryoprotective Agents pharmacology, Embryo, Mammalian drug effects
Abstract

Embryo slow freezing protocols include a nucleation induction step called manual seeding. This step is time consuming, manipulator dependent and hard to standardize. It requires access to samples, which is not always possible within the configuration of systems, such as differential scanning calorimeters or cryomicroscopes. Ice nucleation can be induced by other methods, e.g., by the use of ice nucleating agents. Snomax is a commercial preparation of inactivated proteins extracted from Pseudomonas syringae. The aim of our study was to investigate if Snomax can be an alternative to manual seeding in the slow freezing of mouse embryos. The influence of Snomax on the pH and osmolality of the freezing medium was evaluated. In vitro development (blastocyst formation and hatching rates) of fresh embryos exposed to Snomax and embryo cryopreserved with and without Snomax was assessed. The mitochondrial activity of frozen-thawed blastocysts was assessed by JC-1 fluorescent staining. Snomax didn't alter the physicochemical properties of the freezing medium, and did not affect embryo development of fresh embryos. After cryopreservation, the substitution of manual seeding by the ice nucleating agent (INA) Snomax did not affect embryo development or embryo mitochondrial activity. In conclusion, Snomax seems to be an effective ice nucleating agent for the slow freezing of mouse embryos. Snomax can also be a valuable alternative to manual seeding in research protocols in which manual seeding cannot be performed (i.e., differential scanning calorimetry and cryomicroscopy)., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
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18. Genomic Rearrangements and Functional Diversification of lecA and lecB Lectin-Coding Regions Impacting the Efficacy of Glycomimetics Directed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Author

Boukerb AM, Decor A, Ribun S, Tabaroni R, Rousset A, Commin L, Buff S, Doléans-Jordheim A, Vidal S, Varrot A, Imberty A, and Cournoyer B

Abstract

LecA and LecB tetrameric lectins take part in oligosaccharide-mediated adhesion-processes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Glycomimetics have been designed to block these interactions. The great versatility of P. aeruginosa suggests that the range of application of these glycomimetics could be restricted to genotypes with particular lectin types. The likelihood of having genomic and genetic changes impacting LecA and LecB interactions with glycomimetics such as galactosylated and fucosylated calix[4]arene was investigated over a collection of strains from the main clades of P. aeruginosa. Lectin types were defined, and their ligand specificities were inferred. These analyses showed a loss of lecA among the PA7 clade. Genomic changes impacting lec loci were thus assessed using strains of this clade, and by making comparisons with the PAO1 genome. The lecA regions were found challenged by phage attacks and PAGI-2 (genomic island) integrations. A prophage was linked to the loss of lecA. The lecB regions were found less impacted by such rearrangements but greater lecB than lecA genetic divergences were recorded. Sixteen combinations of LecA and LecB types were observed. Amino acid variations were mapped on PAO1 crystal structures. Most significant changes were observed on LecBPA7, and found close to the fucose binding site. Glycan array analyses were performed with purified LecBPA7. LecBPA7 was found less specific for fucosylated oligosaccharides than LecBPAO1, with a preference for H type 2 rather than type 1, and Lewis(a) rather than Lewis(x). Comparison of the crystal structures of LecBPA7 and LecBPAO1 in complex with Lewis(a) showed these changes in specificity to have resulted from a modification of the water network between the lectin, galactose and GlcNAc residues. Incidence of these modifications on the interactions with calix[4]arene glycomimetics at the cell level was investigated. An aggregation test was used to establish the efficacy of these ligands. Great variations in the responses were observed. Glycomimetics directed against LecB yielded the highest numbers of aggregates for strains from all clades. The use of a PAO1ΔlecB strain confirmed a role of LecB in this aggregation phenotype. Fucosylated calix[4]arene showed the greatest potential for a use in the prevention of P. aeruginosa infections.

Published
2016
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19. A chemically defined medium for rabbit embryo cryopreservation.

Author

Bruyère P, Baudot A, Joly T, Commin L, Pillet E, Guérin P, Louis G, Josson-Schramme A, and Buff S

Subjects
Animals, Female, Pregnancy, Rabbits, Serum, Solutions, Thermodynamics, Tissue Survival drug effects, Cryopreservation methods, Cryoprotective Agents pharmacology, Embryo, Mammalian drug effects
Abstract

This study evaluates a new synthetic substitute (CRYO3, Ref. 5617, Stem Alpha, France) for animal-based products in rabbit embryo cryopreservation solutions. This evaluation was performed using two approaches: a thermodynamic approach using differential scanning calorimetry and a biological approach using rabbit embryo slow-freezing. During the experiment, foetal calf serum (FCS) was used as a reference. Because FCS varies widely by supplier, three different FCS were selected for the thermodynamic approach. The rabbit embryo slow-freezing solutions were made from Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline containing 1.5 M Dimethyl Sulfoxide and 18% (v.v(-1)) of CRYO3 or 18% (v.v(-1)) of FCS. These solutions were evaluated using four characteristics: the end of melting temperature, the enthalpy of crystallisation (thermodynamic approach) and the embryo survival rates after culture and embryo transfer (biological approach). In the thermodynamic approach, the solutions containing one of the three different FCS had similar mean thermodynamic characteristics but had different variabilities in the overall data with aberrant values. The solution containing CRYO3 had similar thermodynamic properties when compared to those containing FCS. Moreover, no aberrant value was measured in the solution containing CRYO3. This solution appears to be more stable than the solutions containing a FCS. In the biological approach, the in vitro embryo survival rates obtained with the solution containing CRYO3 (73.7% and 81.3%) and with the solution containing a FCS (77.6% and 71.9%) were similar (p = 0.7). Nevertheless, during the in vivo evaluation, the implantation rate (21.8%) and the live-foetuses rate (18.8%) of the CRYO3 group were significantly higher than the implantation rate (7.1%, p = 0.0002) and the live-foetuses rate (5.3%, p = 0.0002) of the FCS group. The pregnancy rate was also higher in the CRYO3 group compared to the FCS group (81.3% and 43.8%, respectively, p = 0.066). We conclude that CRYO3 can be used as a chemically defined substitute for animal-based products in rabbit embryo cryopreservation solutions.

Published
2013
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20. Ex vivo recovery of preimplantatory embryos in bitches.

Author

Commin L, Buff S, Rosset E, Joly T, Guerin P, and Neto V

Subjects
Animals, Female, Hysterectomy, Morula, Ovariectomy, Ovulation, Pregnancy, Blastocyst physiology, Dogs embryology, Embryo Transfer veterinary
Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the timing of preimplantatory development in the dog and to evaluate the efficiency of flushing oviducts and uterine horns to collect embryos. Among the embryonic structures collected between day 8 and day 12 after ovulation, 43 % were at the 1-16 cells stage, 23% were at the morula stage and 34% at the blastocyst stage. Our collection method yielded to a recovery rate of 61.3 %, and 7.1 ± 0.7 embryos were harvested per bitch. In addition, the ovulation rate reached 11.6 ± 0.8 per bitch. The first morulae were observed from day 9 post-ovulation, while the first blastocyst appeared from day 10. Two-thirds of the collected morulae-blastocysts were obtained between the 11th and the 12th day after ovulation. To the moment, we suggest this is the best period to harvest canine embryo for cryopreservation., (© 2012 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.)

Published
2012
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21. Follicle development in cryopreserved bitch ovarian tissue grafted to immunodeficient mouse.

Author

Commin L, Buff S, Rosset E, Galet C, Allard A, Bruyere P, Joly T, Guérin P, and Neto V

Subjects
Animals, Cell Count, Dogs, Female, Gonadal Steroid Hormones blood, Mice, Mice, SCID, Ovarian Follicle cytology, Time Factors, Transplantation, Heterologous immunology, Vagina cytology, Vagina metabolism, Cryopreservation veterinary, Immunocompromised Host physiology, Ovarian Follicle physiology, Ovarian Follicle transplantation, Ovary cytology, Ovary transplantation
Abstract

The present study evaluated: (1) in vivo follicular development in canine ovarian tissue after slow freezing and xenotransplantation; and (2) the use of erythropoietin (EPO) as an angiogenic factor to optimise the transplantation procedure. Frozen-thawed ovarian tissue from five bitches was grafted into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (n=47) treated with or without EPO (500 IU kg(-1), once daily for 3 days) (Groups A and B, respectively) and analysed after 0, 1, 8 or 16 weeks. Follicle grade, follicle density, follicle morphology and stromal cells density were assessed by histological analysis, whereas vascularisation of the graft was quantified by immunohistochemistry with anti-α-smooth muscle actin antibody. Despite a massive loss of follicles after grafting, secondary follicle density was higher at 8 and 16 weeks than at 1 week regardless of EPO treatment. EPO significantly improved early follicle morphology and stromal cell density after 8 weeks and blood vessel density at 16 weeks after transplantation (P<0.05). Intact secondary follicles with more than three granulosa cells layers were observed 16 weeks after transplantation. The results suggest that canine ovarian tissue can be successfully preserved by our slow-freezing protocol because the tissue showed follicular growth after xenotransplantation. EPO treatment did not lessen the massive loss of follicles after transplantation.

Published
2012
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22. VEGF overexpression in the astroglial cells of rat brainstem following ozone exposure.

Author

Araneda S, Commin L, Atlagich M, Kitahama K, Parraguez VH, Pequignot JM, and Dalmaz Y

Subjects
Animals, Astrocytes metabolism, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein metabolism, Interleukin-6 metabolism, Male, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Respiratory Center drug effects, Time Factors, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Astrocytes drug effects, Oxidants, Photochemical pharmacology, Ozone pharmacology, Respiratory Center cytology, Up-Regulation drug effects, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A metabolism
Abstract

Ozone, a major photochemical pollutant, produces rapid damages in the pulmonary airway tract and in the central nervous system. This study focused on the neural mechanisms underlying the adaptive responses to an acute ozone exposure. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a factor associated with cellular recovery following brain injury. The aim of this study was to assess and localize the cellular expression of VEGF, since the central respiratory areas show a neuroplasticity in response to ozone. Adult rats were subjected to 0.5ppm ozone for 3h and then recovered for further 3h. The expression of VEGF was evaluated by immunocytochemistry in the central respiratory areas, i.e., the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and the ventrolateral medulla (VLM). The data show a VEGF overexpression at the end of ozone exposure, which persisted during the 3-h recovery. Interestingly, using confocal analysis the bulk of VEGF labeling was observed in astroglial cell bodies and branches, while neuronal labeling was hardly noticed. Moreover, VEGF colocalized with IL-6 and TNFalpha in astrocytes closely apposed to blood vessel walls. The vasculature area was markedly increased (+58%) during post-ozone recovery. The data show that an acute ozone exposure affects primarily glial cells in the central nervous system. The VEGF up-regulation which persists after ozone exposure may contribute to brain repair and consecutive functional adaptations.

Published
2008
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