Search

Introduction. Radiation therapy of the pelvic organs, used to treat malignant neoplasms, is the main cause of urogenital fistula formation (UGF). The widespread use of radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the pelvic organs has led to an increase in the number of patients with radiation injuries. The study of the prevalence, characteristics and long-term results of surgical treatment of fistulas are of great interest. Materials and methods. There are 76 patients with postradial fistulae received treatment in our Clinic Department of Urology of A.E. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry for the last 6 years from 2012 – through 2018; 49 patients (64.5%) were operated on. The majority of the patients were suffering from vesicovaginal fistula 48.7% (37 people). Transvaginal approach was used in 35 cases (71.4%); abdominal approach was in 7 cases (14.3%); laparoscopic approach was in 3 cases (6.1%); robotic approach took place in 2 cases (4.1%); combined – one case (2%), percutaneous puncture nephrostomy – 1 case (2%). The various flaps technique took place in 40.8% of cases (20/49). Results. In total, radiation indced fistula closed in 35 out of 49 patients successfully. As a result, overall efficiency was 71%. The presented data has included our experience over the past 6 years, which is limited by the standardization of treatment and the lack of some data. Conclusions. Closing the fistula can be performed in several stages: by reducing the size of the fistula and giving patients more time to recover.

Aim Studies on non-obstetric urogenital fistula provide limited information on predictive factors. The aim of our study was to specify and to analyze the predictors for long-term anatomical and functional results in women with non-obstetric urogenital fistula. Materials and methods A cross-section study of surgical repair for non-obstetric urogenital fistula repairs was carried out. From 2012 to 2018, a total of 446 patients with urogenital fistulas were treated in two tertiary centers. Patients with vesicovaginal and urethrovaginal fistulas with at least 12 months of follow-up were identified and contacted by phone and/or examined in the clinic. Anatomical outcome was assessed by resolution of symptoms and/or results of clinical examination. Urinary distress inventory (UDI-6) was used for the measurement of functional outcomes. The nomogram is based on a multiple regression equation, the solution of which is performed using a computer. The nomogram is presented as a set of scales, each of which corresponds to a certain variable. The baseline parameter is assigned certain points, depending on its value, then the sum of all parameters is calculated. As a result, it is possible to determine the risk using a couple or three scales. Results Overall, 169 patients were studied (mean age of 49.2, mean follow-up of 34 months). The most common cause of fistulas included hysterectomy (69.4%), followed by pelvic radiotherapy (18.9%). Only 64% of cases were primary fistula. Closure rate was 90.7% (98/108). Anatomical success depended on the surgical approach. For transvesical procedure, success rate was 89.4% (42/47), compared to 84% (89/106) and 87.5% (14/16), respectively for transvaginal and transabdominal success rate. According to Clavien-Dindo, complications were grade 1 (11.8%) and grade 2 (4.7%). As UDI-6 showed, the most common symptoms were frequency (62%), urgency (50%), incontinence (73%), pain (55%) and voiding symptoms (27%). Fistula size > 3.0 cm, pelvic radiation, and previous vaginal surgeries were associated with a higher risk of failure or more severe lower urinary tract symptoms. A high number of re-do cases and complex fistulas could be a limitation of this study. Factors for successful non-obstetric urogenital fistula closure were fistula size less than 3.0 cm, absence of pelvic radiation, and previous vaginal surgeries. Conclusion According to our results, only fistula size > 3 cm, previous vaginal procedures and pelvis irradiation were unfavorable predictors for anatomic success of fistula repair. In addition, our results allow to determine the predictors for successful repair and risk of recurrence lower urinary tract symptoms postoperatively.

Urogenital fistulas in women are an urgent problem in modern urology, gynecology and surgery. Several decades earlier, iatrogenic damage was the main reason for their development. The aim of this review was to analyze the etiology, characteristics and results of treatment of fistulas in women in Russia and the CIS countries. A systematic analysis of the articles in the PubMed and eLibrary databases dedicated to etiology, treatment technique and postoperative results of treatment of urogenital fistulas in women was carried out. The results were compared with European data. A total of 16 articles were selected over a 20-year period that met the inclusion criteria. Iatrogenic injury resulted in the fistula formation in 40.54% (373/920) of cases. The majority of fistulas were caused by radiation therapy (58.91%, 542/920). According to the results, 84.02% (773/920) of fistulas were successfully healed. Cure rate of patients with post-radiation fistulas was 75.83% (411/542). Comparison of surgical techniques was difficult, since in most cases the preference of the surgeon was main determinant factor.

Time series of acoustic emission pulses are recorded when the surface of MgAl2O4 ceramics is damaged by the introduction of a Vickers pyramid. Based on the data of the frequency analysis of the emitted sound, the ratio of the size of intra- and intergranular microcracks is estimated depending on the load on the indenter. The statistical analysis shows that the energy distribution in acoustic pulses is always random, typical of the uncorrelated development of a fracture.

Анализируются вопросы развития и становления миграционных и демографических исследований в Республике Беларусь и вызовы, с которыми сталкивается республика на современном этапе социально – экономического развития. С учетом итогов последней переписи населения в Беларуси и тенденций изменения численности трудовых ресурсов подтверждается тезис о том, что одним из главных вызовов социально-экономического развития страны в настоящее время является демографический кризис, а в долгосрочной перспективе увеличивается актуальность проблем обеспечения демографической и миграционной безопасности. Отмечается плодотворность целенаправленного сотрудничества белорусских специалистов с российскими учеными по вопросам международной миграции. Подчеркивается важность завершения разработки проекта Концепции миграционной политики Союзного государства России и Беларуси, которая предусматривает, в частности, интеграцию информационных ресурсов о пребывании на территории двух наших стран иностранных граждан.

Исследование посвящено актуальной теме, связанной с анализом тенденций развития процессов международной миграции Республики Беларусь в новых геополитических реалиях. Определено, что международная миграция в Беларуси, имея положительное сальдо, выступает ключевым фактором поддержания демографического равновесия, оказывая положительное влияние на прирост населения. Определено, что объемы внешней трудовой миграции, как въехавших в страну, так и выехавших из страны непосредственно воздействуют на численность занятого населения, уровень безработицы, потребность экономики в кадрах

Urogenital fistulas in women are an urgent problem in modern urology, gynecology and surgery. Several decades earlier, iatrogenic damage was the main reason for their development. The aim of this review was to analyze the etiology, characteristics and results of treatment of fistulas in women in Russia and the CIS countries. A systematic analysis of the articles in the PubMed and eLibrary databases dedicated to etiology, treatment technique and postoperative results of treatment of urogenital fistulas in women was carried out. The results were compared with European data. A total of 16 articles were selected over a 20-year period that met the inclusion criteria. Iatrogenic injury resulted in the fistula formation in 40.54% (373/920) of cases. The majority of fistulas were caused by radiation therapy (58.91%, 542/920). According to the results, 84.02% (773/920) of fistulas were successfully healed. Cure rate of patients with post-radiation fistulas was 75.83% (411/542). Comparison of surgical techniques was difficult, since in most cases the preference of the surgeon was main determinant factor.

The results of mechanoluminescence (ML) and acoustic emission (AE) studies of the response of the ceramic materials ZnS and ZnSe to impact damage to the surface are presented. The experiment simulates the process of dust erosion of optical components made from these materials and installed on high-speed mobile carriers. A comparison of a time series of light and sound emissions showed that ML manifests two peaks approximately 50 – 200 and 150 – 200 μsec after impact, while AE occurs in a single peak near 200 μsec. This result is explained by plastic deformation of the material at the first stage of fracture and subsequent formation of microcracks.

We consider the problem of asymmetric strain and stress distribution in silica fiber under threepoint bending. The parameters of nonlinear elasticity of silica glass under tension and compression are estimated using available data from the literature. It has been found that consideration of the nonlinear elasticity of silica glass leads to a slight increase in the calculated values of strength compared to the data obtained from estimates based on the linear theory of elasticity.

The strength of dual-display glass surfaces 0.64 mm (Corning 1737 glass) and 0.70 mm (Eagle2000 glass) thick is measured in the initial state and after annealing. Large dispersion of the strength of the glass before and after annealing is found. It is suggested that the low values of the strength are caused by the adverse conditions of storing and handling glass samples.

We have conducted complex ecological researches of a condition of the small river experiencing excessive anthropogenic loading from point and diffuse sources of pollution. Observations during the 2017 summer low-water period have shown that the Podstepnovka River near the bridge on Stremilovskoe highway has a poor ecological status. Practically, there is no water flow in the river as the watercourse is turned into a pond. The river's borders and the regime of water protection zones and coastal strips were not observed. Water quality by a number of indicators did not correspond to the normative requirements imposed to water objects of fishery appointment. Phytoplankton was characterized by low species abundance and small biomass, while the present algae species were saprobes, inhabitants of moderately polluted waters. The diversity of zooplankton corresponds to the meso-eutrophic status of the watercourse, and according to the trophy estimation the watercourse corresponded to the level of mesotrophy and eutrophy. Macrozoobenthos was characterized by low species diversity, assessment of water quality by benthos enabled to characterize water as «polluted». The ecological state of bacteria benthos corresponds to the state of risk-pre-crisis, and according to the total number of bacteria, it can be called critical. Qualitative and quantitative composition of the catch in Podstepnovka River differs from the composition of the ichthyofauna of small rivers of the Samara region, which can serve as an indicator of high anthropogenic load on the above reach of the water body under investigation.

The strength of an optical silica fiber with a polymer coating is measured in liquid nitrogen, and the strength of the coating is measured using the three-point bending technique. The average strength of the silica fiber is found to be 14 GPa and that of the coating is 0.43 GPa. The fracture of the coating during tests in liquid nitrogen is shown to increase the dispersion of the strengths of the optical silica fiber as compared to tests in air.

Results of laboratory and industrial testing of the effect of cold treatment on the structure, hardness and size stability of parts such as spools and sleeves entering the hydraulic drive of an ESh-20.90S dragline (bucket volume 20 m3, boom length 90 m) for mining applications under the conditions of the Far North are presented.

The results of the SERP-E-184 experiment at the U-70 accelerator (IHEP, Protvino) are presented. Interactions of the 70GeV proton beam with carbon, silicon and lead targets were studied to detect decays of charmed \(D^{0}\), \(\bar{D}^{0}\), \(D^{+}\), \(D^{-}\) mesons and \(\Lambda_{c}^{+}\) baryon near their production threshold. Measurements of lifetimes and masses have shown a good agreement with PDG data. The inclusive cross-sections of charm production and their A-dependences have been obtained. The yields of these particles are compared with the theoretical predictions and the data of other experiments. The measured cross-section of the total open charm production ( \(\sigma_{\rm tot}(c\bar{c}) = 7.1 \pm 2.3({\rm stat}) \pm 1.4({\rm syst})\) μb/nucleon) at the collision c.m. energy \(\surd s = 11.8\) GeV is well above the QCD model predictions. The contributions of different kinds of charmed particles to the total cross-section of the open charm production in proton-nucleus interactions vary with energy.

On the 80th General Conference and Assembly of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions - the World Library and Information Congress devoted to the theme "Libraries, Citizens, Societies: Confluence for Knowledge", held on 16-22 August, 2014 in Lyon.

On the Annual International Research Conference «Rumyantsev Readings», held at the Russian State Library on 15-16 April, 2014.

A new allotropic superhard and superdense structure of sp3-bonded boron nitride (hP3-BN) is proposed. Geometric, electronic, elastic, and optical properties of the structure are investigated by density functional theory-generalized gradient approximation (DFT-GGA) calculations. It is shown that the structure is an insulator with a band gap of 5.06 eV; its density is 5.03% higher than that of cubic boron nitride (c-BN) and its bulk modulus is 2.25% higher than that of c-BN. The calculated hP3-BN refractive index in the range 200–800 nm is significantly higher than the indexes of diamond and all known carbon allotropes, except for the analogous carbon h-P3 structure, and it has a large optical dispersion. In the range above 800 nm the refractive index changes from 2.60 to 2.35.

The possibility of determining the true structural strength of glass by bending of glass fibers with a defect-free surface is considered. Two methods are compared, viz., the method of transverse three-point bending in which the breaking stress (strength) is determined, and the method of two-point bending in which the breaking strain is determined. In the latter case, the dependence of the elastic modulus on strain is required for determining the breaking stress (strength). The strength measured in three-point bending is compared with the strength calculated from the breaking strain measured in two-point bending. It is shown that the measurements based on these two methods give close values of strength for defect-free silica fibers used as optical waveguides. The observed difference of ∼12% in the values of strength is explained by the difference in the loading rates obtained using these two methods. The advantages and disadvantages of these two techniques are analyzed.

Studies of sheet glass strength during bending tests and microstrength determined at contact with a sphere are performed. Measurements are carried out on glass with different surface conditions. It is established that the microstrength of glass with surface defects (under initial conditions or upon imparting a network of defects by friction) is almost an order of magnitude higher than that during bending tests. On the other hand, it is demonstrated that the microstrength of glass with a defect-free surface (obtained by etching in HF) is twofold lower than the glass bending strength. Deposition of a soft polymer coating enables one to increase significantly the resistance to crack formation on the glass surface and produce a maximal tensile stress at the contact zone boundary equal to the bending strength of glass with a defect-free surface.

This paper reports on the results of investigations of the crack growth kinetics in glasses under different test conditions (in media containing moisture and under vacuum with the complete removal of water from the glass surface) in the test temperature range from room temperature to 430°C. The specific features of the glass fracture at the subcritical stage of crack growth and the critical fracture stage have been discussed. The results obtained have been analyzed with invoking the data available in the literature.

The promoting effect of vanadium(V, IV) in the reaction of gallic acid oxidation with bromate ions in aqueous solutions was studied, and the dependence of the rates of catalytic and noncatalytic reactions on the concentration of components was found. A catalytic mechanism was proposed based on the experimental results and data of quantum-mechanical calculations. The linear dependence of the rate of the catalytic reaction on the concentration of vanadium(V)/vanadium(IV) was used to determine these ions in solutions by catalytic photometry. The detection limit was 0.01 μg in an aliquot portion of the test solution; the determination error was less than 20%. The conditions were found for stabilizing the properties of paper supports for more than 30 days, since the interaction of filter and chromatographic papers with bromate ions was found. An adsorption- catalytic test method was proposed for the semiquantitative visual determination of vanadium ions in water and aqueous solutions by the color of the pretreated paper strip immersed in the test solution. The detection limit for vanadium ions was 0.1 mg/L. The 100-fold amounts of Ni(II), Mn(II), Cr(III), and Co(II) do not interfere with the determination. The method was tested on river and sea water samples from different sources.

Activated carbons produced by thermal treatment of a mixture of sunflower husks, low-grade coal, and refinery waste were studied as adsorbents of transition ion metals from aqueous solutions of various compositions. The optimal conditions and the mechanism of sorption, as well as the structure of the sorbents, were studied.

The dependences of the structural strength and the elastic modulus on the chemical composition of phosphate glasses are analyzed. The structural strength and the elastic modulus of phosphate glasses are determined for different types of both the modifier ion and the second glass-former (B2O3 or SiO2) introduced into the glass. The total bonding energy per unit volume of the glass is calculated from the data on the dissociation energy for the oxides entering into the glass composition and the data on the atomic packing density. For four systems of phosphate glasses, it is demonstrated that the Young’s modulus depends linearly on the total bonding energy per unit volume of the glass. The dependence of the structural strength on the chemical composition exhibits a more complex behavior and is governed by other additional factors, such as the formation of new structural groups or the change in the structure of the anionic network of the glass.

A precision vertex microstrip detector has been developed for the spectrometer with a vertex detector (SVD) setup on which the properties of hadrons and short-lived unstable particles are investigated on the accelerator of the Institute for High Energy Physics. The structure and the design of the main detector components—microstrip sensors and an active target—are presented, as well as techniques for manufacturing them. The readout electronics, the data acquisition system, and its software are also described. The accuracy in determining the vertex position is 70–250 µm along the beam axis and 8–15 µm in a transverse direction at a throughput of 500–1000 events/s.

Amyloid-β peptide Aβ(25-35) was shown to cause lysis of rat erythrocytes of different ages. The toxicity of Aβ(25-35) positively correlated with both the erythrocyte age andthe peptide concentration. The activity of glycolytic, antioxidant, and Na+/K(+)-ATPase enzymes decreased with erythrocyte aging in vivo. In vitro Aβ(25-35) reduced the activity of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione transferase and increased Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity in aged erythrocytes to a greater degree than in young cells.

Selective adsorption of platinum group metals (PMG) on activated carbons from a multi-component model and technological solutions was proposed for the preparation of heterogeneous-supported catalysts. Activated natural anthracites and a nitrogen-containing synthetic carbon are considered as carriers for Pd-supported catalysts. Their catalytic activity was studied in the Pd-catalyzed reactions of hydrogen peroxide decomposition and chloride ions oxidation by manganese(III). On the base of the obtained results, novel high sensitive analytical methods both for direct determination of supported-metal quantity and palladium oxidation states on the surface of spent adsorbents are suggested.

Methods of preliminary modification were used to obtain activated carbons with low ash content (0.2%), developed π-conjugated electronic system, large surface area, and wide pore size distribution, from exclusively microporous carbons to those of mesoporous type. The adsorption of compounds of platinum-group metals on activated anthracite from single-component (as regards the platinum metal: Pd, Pt, or Rh) and multicomponent (Pd, Pt) solutions containing compounds of concomitant metals was studied.

Data from the SVD-2 experiment that were obtained at the IHEP accelerator in 70-GeV/c proton-nucleus interactions are analyzed with the aim of searches for an exotic Θ+ baryon that decays through the pK S 0 channel. The reaction pN → pK S 0 + X characterized by a bounded multiplicity of charged secondaries is used for this analysis. A resonance of mass M = 1526 ± 3(stat.) ± 3(syst.) MeV/c 2 and width Γ < 24 MeV/c 2 is observed in the invariant-mass spectrum of the pK S 0 system at a statistical significance of 5.6σ. The mass and the width of this resonance correspond to the recently found positive-strangeness Θ+ baryon, which was predicted to be an exotic baryon consisting of five quarks (pentaquark), $$uudd\bar s$$ . The total cross section for the production of a Θ+ baryon in pA interactions is estimated at a value within the range 30–120 μb for x F ≥ 0. An analysis of the A dependence of the cross section for Θ+-baryon production does not reveal a significant deviation from the A dependence for inelastic events (∼A 0.7).

Electrode materials Y0.5Ca0.5Mn1−x(Co,Ni)xO3(x = 0–0.1) have an o′-orthorhombic perovskite structure. Doping with transition metals raises the content of ions Mn4+ from 49% at x = 0 to 62% at x = 0.05 Ni. At 500–650 K there takes place an o′-o-orthorhombic transition, with the thermal expansion coefficient rising from (7.1–8.1) × 10−6 to (10.5–11) × 10−6 K−1. Composition Y0.5Ca0.5Mn1–x(Co, Ni)xO3 is n-type semiconductor with a considerable oxygen constituent at >1000 K. Effect of the electrode material composition on the resistance parameter (ρ/d) of an intermediate layer E/SE and on the polarization resistance (Rη) of the triple-phase boundary E/SE/GP is similar. At 300–1100 K and 102–105 Pa, minimum values of these quantities are exhibited by samples with the Y0.5Ca0.5Mn0.95Ni0.05O3 electrode layer 50 mg cm−2 thick.

The possibility of improving the mechanical properties of potassium aluminum metaphosphate glasses through the introduction of silicon oxide into the glass composition is analyzed. It is shown that the elastic moduli (Young modulus, shear modulus, Poisson ratio) and the hardness remain almost unchanged with an increase in the content of silicon oxide in the glass. At the same time, the structural strength increases by a factor of 1.7 and the fracture toughness increases by a factor of 1.3. The assumption is made that the observed increase in the structural strength is associated with the incorporation of silicon ions into the structure of the metaphosphate glass in the octahedral coordination.

The electrochemical behavior of sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine, cystine, and methionine) at graphite electrodes modified with a ruthenium(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) film was studied. Glassy carbon and carbon paste were used as graphite materials. The electrocatalytic oxidation of amino acids at a modified electrode resulted in a decrease in the oxidation potentials of amino acids and an increase in the currents of their oxidation peaks as compared to those observed at an unmodified electrode. The voltammetric characteristics and hydrodynamic conditions for detecting the maximum catalytic current were found. A procedure is proposed for the electrocatalytic determination of cysteine, cystine, and methionine at a carbon-paste electrode modified with an inorganic film of ruthenium(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) under the conditions of flow-injection analysis.

The erraticity behavior of multiparticle production is analyzed in π + p and K + p collisions at 250 GeV/ c . It is demonstrated that, for these low-multiplicity final states, the erraticity measure based on event-to-event fluctuation of factorial moments is dominated by statistical fluctuations.

The A dependence of charged-particle spectra in π+, K+, and p interactions with Al and Au targets at 250 GeV/c are presented and compared to predictions of the Quark-Gluon String Model (QGSM). It is shown that the A dependence of invariant inclusive charged-particle spectra on the Feynman variable x is very weak between Al and Au targets. The QGSM shows a larger difference between fast-particle spectra for both Al and Au targets and different beam particles. The QGSM prediction for the leading-particle spectrum over an energy range from 250 GeV to 10 TeV in pAu(Pb) reactions is in a reasonable agreement with the results of NA22 data and a cosmic-ray experiment.

The mechanical properties of glasses in the Li2O–B2O3–P2O5 system are investigated as a function of the boron oxide content in the range from 5 to 30 mol % at a constant lithium oxide content of 45 mol %. It is demonstrated that, as the B2O3 content increases, the density of glasses passes through a maximum at 20 mol % B2O3 and the molar volume decreases gradually. The elastic modulus and the hardness of glasses monotonically increase with an increase in the B2O3 content. An increase in the B2O3 content leads to a decrease in the structural strength (measured using the method of three-point bending of fibers) and the fracture toughness (determined by the microindentation technique). The assumption is made that the decrease in the strength characteristics is caused by the phase separation developed in the structure of lithium phosphate glass with an increase in the B2O3 content.

Electrochemical characteristics, such as the parameter of resistance (ρ/d) of an intermediate layer at the electrode material/electrolyte interface and the polarization resistance (Rη) of the three-phase boundary gas/solid-electrolyte/electrode under study, are studied as a function of the electrode layer thickness, temperature, and oxygen content in the gas phase for electrode materials of the composition (Yb, Y)0.5Ca0.5MnO3. Established is the similarity in the behavior of ρ/d and Rη from the above parameters. The determined effect on these characteristics is exerted by the composition of the electrode material. In the temperature range 300–1100 K, at \(P_{0_2 }\) = 102–105 Pa, the least values of the parameter of resistance and polarization resistance are intrinsic to samples with the thickness of the electrode layer 100 mg cm–2 of the composition Y0.5Ca0.5MnO3. For systems studied, the least temperature of establishment of electrochemical equilibrium at the three-phase boundary is 875 (±5) 5 K.

Charmed-particle production in pp interactions at 70 GeV/c was studied with the SVD setup at the IHEP accelerator (Protvino). The experimental procedure used and the data-selection methods are described. Data obtained by using a quickly cycling bubble chamber and a magnetic spectrometer are analyzed. The number of inelastic-interaction events recorded in the chamber is 109000, with the charge multiplicity being nch/4. The corresponding statistics are 4.96 event/µb. Part of the events were recorded in the magnetic spectrometer. Three three-prong decays of charged particles near the primary vertex are found on the films, two of these being recorded with the spectrometer. All three are interpreted as D− decays. Two neutral decays observed simultaneously in the chamber and in the spectrometer are interpreted as \(\bar D^0 \) decays. The total cross section for \(c\bar c\) production in the Feynman variable region −1

The strength of sheet glass treated by etching in a hydrofluoric acid with subsequent deposition of an amorphous hydrogenated carbon coating 50 nm thick is investigated. The carbon coating is applied by ion magnetron sputtering of a chemically pure graphite target. It is shown that the strength of the sheet glass after coating is retained at a level of 2.4 GPa. The leaching of the surface glass layer upon treatment in water at a temperature of 96°C prior to the deposition of a coating leads to an increase in the strength by 12%. The cracking resistance of the glass is examined by the microindentation technique. It is revealed that the load Pc which corresponds to the formation of 50% of all the cracks increases by a factor of three upon deposition of the coating and by a factor of 15 after the preliminary leaching of the glass surface. The assumption is made that the preliminary leaching of the glass surface considerably enhances the adhesion of the hydrogenated carbon film to the glass surface and, thus, improves its protective properties.

We have established that it is feasible to significantly increase the capacity and selectivity of carbon sorbents by modifying them with metal ions during sorption from gas/air mixtures of sulfur dioxides and nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide, diethylamine, acetic acid, etc. We have determined the role of surface complexation and other factors affecting sorption; we have determined the routes and principles for creating and using new high-capacity and selective sorbents for these materials based on various carbonaceous materials (activated carbons, carbonaceous cloths, semicokes).

The electrocatalytic activity with respect to oxalate ions of spongy osmium immobilized within a carbon-paste electrode was studied. A procedure is proposed for electrocatalytic determination of oxalate ions on a chemically modified electrode based on spongy osmium under conditions of flow-through-injection analysis.

The structural, thermal, electrical, and electrochemical properties of La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-x(Co,Ni)xO3 and La0.6Sr0.4Mn1-x(Co,Ni)xO3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1) electrode materials were studied. Doping of the cubic perovskites with Co or Ni increases the fraction of Mn4+ ions, up to 49% in La0.7Ca0.1O3 and 57% in La0.6Sr0.4Mn0.95Co0.05O3. The 300-K conductivity of La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xNixO3 passes through a maximum atx = 0.05, while that of La0.6Sr0.4Mn1-xCoxO3 decreases steadily with increasingx. In the range 300–1100 K, the conductivity of the Ca-containing manganites exhibits semiconducting behavior, whereas that of the Sr-containing materials shows metallic behavior. No phase transformations were detected in this temperature range. In the four systems, the thermal-expansion coefficients are virtually independent ofx. In both undoped and doped electrode materials, the resistance parameterp/d of electrode layers on solid-electrolyte substrates shows semiconducting behavior at temperatures from 300 to 1100 K and oxygen partial pressures from 102 to 105 Pa. With increasing oxygen partial pressure or electrode-layer thickness (d = 15–100 mg/cm2),p/d decreases. The optimal electrode-layer thickness is found to be about 50 mg/cm2. The introduction of Co or Ni into the electrode materials decreases the polarization resistance of the electrode layer in gas/electrode/electrolyte systems. Compositions ensuring the lowest polarization resistance were found.