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The article discusses the main risk factors for the formation of insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D in children. Particular attention is paid to the course and dietary preferences of the mother during pregnancy, the intake of vitamin and mineral complexes, the nutrition of the child after birth, the type of feeding, the subsidy of vitamin D preparations and complementary foods. 1246 children under four years of age with no history of vitamin D deficiency were examined. With clinical manifestations of rickets, 52 children were identified, who underwent determination of 25(OH) D in serum, while low availability was detected in 21.1%, vitamin D insufficiency — in 63.4% of children, deficiency — in 15.3% of cases. There was an interaction between the use of dairy products enriched with a vitamin-mineral complex containing vitamin D and Ca, the use of therapeutic doses of vitamin D, and an increase in the level of 25 (OH) D in the blood serum.

Introduction. The article discusses the problem of using cognitive visceral cardiobiofeedback as a preventive and non-drug method for correcting disturbed regulation mechanisms associated with an increase in blood pressure in adolescents with essential hypertension (EH) against the background of standard antihypertensive therapy with enalapril. Aim of the study was to investigate the indices of the cardiointervalogram (CIG) during a biofeedback session and to evaluate the effectiveness of cardiobiofeedback in healthy adolescents and adolescents with EH living in Novosibirsk.Material and methods. Each participant underwent a 5-minute CIG recording using the hardware and software complex VedaPulse under physiological rest and during biofeedback session. In the course of biofeedback, the subject was asked to lengthen the expiration phase of the respiratory cycle with parallel relaxation of muscle tone and visual feedback on the dynamics of a multimedia plot reflecting changes in the duration of the cardiac cycle.Results and discussion. We found that the effectiveness of cardiorespiratory synchronization (CRS) is characterized by an increase in SDNN indicators by 8.3% and the total power of spectral influences (TP) by 23.6% due to a significant increase in the parasympathetic spectral index of HF by 29.4%. An increase in the power index of the spectrum of low-frequency oscillations (LF) by 51.3% can be considered as an element of CRS within 0,1 Hz. In healthy adolescents, the reactivity of the suprasegmental levels of regulation (IC) is preserved and their growth is noted by 7.6%. In adolescents with EH, an increase in the duration of the cardiac cycle by 5.2% and TP by 31.2% was recorded in the course of cardiobiofeedback, which is associated with an increase in the power of the spectrum of high-frequency oscillations (HF) by 2.4%. This phenomenon should be considered as a positive pathophysiological response of the autonomic link of the nervous system, which is recorded by a decrease in blood pressure.Conclusion. We assume that the test with cognitive visceral cardiobiofeedback can serve as an effective marker for the analysis of the rigidity of autonomic mechanisms of regulation in adolescents with essential hypertension. Conscious regulation of the heart rate through the mechanism of controlled respiration (biofeedback) can be an effective non-drug method for correcting autonomic regulation disorders in adolescents with arterial hypertension, which is manifested by a significant decrease in blood pressure.

The health basis and correct lifestyle habits, including proper nutrition, are formed in the childhood and adolescence. An excess or deficiency of certain nutrients can cause chronic forms of alimentary-dependent pathology. Childhood obesity results in both short-term and long-term unfavorable effects on physical and psychosocial health. The article presents modern ideas about the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents, diagnostic, prevention and treatment methods.

The article presents current data on the features of the nutritional status of children with chronic nutritional disorders such as hypotrophy, paratrophy, etc. The authors describe the principles and timing of the complementary foods, as well as the advantages of a certain complementary feeding, depending on the type of nutritional disorder. Often, pediatricians pay close attention to the organization of nutrition of children in the first 12 months of life, as a more vulnerable period, while the age period of 12–36 months is also characterized by a significant growth rate and high demands in a number of micronutrients. The article provides recommendations on the nutritional prevention of alimentary-dependent conditions, as well as for a child with a “problematic” appetite (poor eater). It provides the approaches to the treatment of chronic nutritional disorders in children through the correction of eating behavior and diet therapy, including motivational training with the involvement of parents and family members.

Each period of childhood is characterized by its own peculiarities of growth and development, the degree of morphological and functional maturity of individual organs and systems, the specifics of physiological and metabolic processes. Rational feeding and nutrition play a significant role in a child’s health. The authors presented modern approaches to the complementary food for children, its timing, taking into account the child’s readiness to receive new food, the composition of the dish, feeding technique, the formation of proper eating habits and behavior. The literature actively discusses the problem of the formation of taste preferences at early age; thisisthe period for the first acquaintance with varioustastes. The article demonstratesthe advantages of using products of industrial production. It is particularly important to overcome the negative attitude to new products – it determinesthe attention of the specialists to the problem of the introduction of complementary foods.Conflict of interest: The authors of this article confirmed the lack of conflict of interest and financial support, which should be reported.

Forthe harmonious development of the child at any age, the dietshall be balanced in terms of the proteins, fats and carbohydrates, and it shall include the sufficient amount of the macro- and microelements as well. The micronutrients are necessary for the functioning of all organs and systems, are part of many enzymes, hormones, immune factors. Numerous domestic and foreign studies indicate to the insufficient attention to this problem; that contributesto the development of deficiency conditions. The article considersthe issues associated with the introduction of products of industrial production enriched with the mineral elements in the nutrition of children.

The article presents current data on an important role of vitamin D in an organism and possible disorders leading to the provision decrease. Research objective: to determine the sufficiency of vitamin D in children staying in hospital with bronchopulmonary pathology without diagnosed rachitis, to show the role of dairy products in a diet for correction of lack of the vitamin D. A total of 120 children from the 1 month to 3 years were examined, in 20 of them 25(OH)D level in a blood serum was detected via the enzyme-liked immunoassay. The average values in infants were 13,3±0,6 ng/ml, in patients in comparative group 25,9±1,1ng/ml. Findings indicate the necessity of correction of vitamin D for children, in particular using dairy products. Enriched milk products provide children’s organism with vital nutrients as a factor supporting their health.

A description of the structures of self-aligning (self-balancing) stands for testing products and systems of aeronautical and space-rocket engineering has been presented. The stands make it possible to test products for strength and functionality under centrifugal loads and vibration separately and jointly.

Radiative energy transfer in plasma is investigated with account for its actual optical properties. Consideration is based on the spectrum-integral method of partial characteristics. Databanks on integral partial characteristics of a number of substances are composed on the basis of data on optical properties that include the molecular state of matter, weakly ionized plasma, and plasma with multicharge ions and the main processes that determine absorption of thermal radiation (bound-bound, free-free, and bound-free transitions in molecules, atoms, and ions). Calculations of plasma radiation by this method are compared with results of spectral description. Some generalizations of the given method for solving problems of radiative plasmadynamics are considered.

Quasistationary states of an air plasma of reduced density are considered on the basis of equations of chemical and ionization kinetics. The component composition and thermodynamic quantities are compared with data obtained in an equilibrium approximation.

A numerical experiment on determination of the characteristics of electric-arc plasma in transpiration cooling by high-melting, low-boiling metals with account of reabsorption and scattering of radiation showed the high heatproof properties of the gas-dust curtain that developed.

A two-dimensional model of a steady-state fresh water lens, formed above saline water as a result of mole irrigation, is investigated in the hydrodynamic formulation [1]. The corresponding boundaryvalue problem is solved by means of Kochina's method [1] based on the use of the analytical theory of linear differential equations. The results of numerical calculations are presented and the effect of the model parameters on the shape and size of the lens is analyzed.

A mathematical model is constructed and a computational experiment is carried out to determine the characteristics of a longitudinally blown electric arc in the channel of a plasmatron under conditions of local thermal equilibrium. A feature of the model is that it makes allowance for radiation transfer in the real spectrum of an electric- arc plasma. An algorithm for solving the problem is presented and the effect of radiation reabsorption on the radiation and conductive heat loss in the plasmatron channel is shown.

Numerical simulation of a longitudinally blown electric arc by two-dimensional gas-dynamic equations made it possible to determine temperature and velocity fields, axial and radial components of convective, conductive and radiative heat fluxes, heat losses through a channel wall. The model takes into account radiation transfer in the actual spectrum of an electric-arc plasma. Using the results of calculations for argon and air, approximation expressions are obtained for the temperature dependences of the divergences of radiation fluxes.

The results of 5-year observations on the duration of immunity to measles virus in persons vaccinated and revaccinated against measles, as well as in persons having had this infection, are presented. The intensity of immunity was determined in the same persons with the use of the passive hemagglutination test. The study revealed differences in the formation, intensity and duration of postvaccinal immunity. A significant decrease in the concentration of antibodies over the period of 5 years was established in 50.0-52.3% of vaccines. Revaccination with live measles vaccine is an effective measure for enhancing immunity to measles virus in persons with initial antibody titers less than 1:10-1:20, but revaccination made in a single injection is not sufficient for the stable maintenance of measles morbidity at the sporadic level. Postinfectious immunity is characterized by stability and has no tendency towards decrease. Persons having had measles have no need in additional measures irrespective of the time elapsed after the disease.

The thermal characteristics of electrical arcs calculated with assumption of volume scintillation and in the presence of radiation reabsorption are compared. It is shown that consideration of radiation reabsorption significantly decreases the axial temperature and the thermal flux to the plasmotron wall.

Leiomyosarcoma (14 x 6 x 5 cm in size) developing in the median segment wall of the inferior vena cava with an occlusion of the hepatic veins mouths and subsequent Budd-Chiari syndrome is described in a 39-year-old female.