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Purpose: to improve the differential diagnosis of benign liver rumors and the liver metastasis of colorectal cancer with the ultrasound using contrast sonography.Materials and methods.There were evaluated 92 patients with liver neoplasms (44 (47.8%) women and 48 (52.2%) men) age 41 to 83, with a mean age of 62.8 ± 2.64. Ultrasound exam was carried out in three stages: I stage – liver ultrasound in B-mode, II stage – ultrasound in B-mode with addition of color Doppler imaging and power Doppler scanning, III stage – contrast liver sonography employing the contrast agent SonoVue (Bracco Imaging SpA, Milan, Italy). According to the results of the examination the patients were either surgically treated if there were indications, or the nature of the neoplasm was verified via the needle biopsy. Thus the patients formed two groups: I group (n = 35 (38.0%) – patients with benign liver neoplasms: cavernous hemangiomas – 17, hepatocellular adenomas – 3, focal modular hyperplasia of the liver – 5; II group (n = 57 (62.0%) – patients with metastasis of colorectal cancer.Results.With the use of the ultrasound in B-mode with addition of color Doppler imaging and power Doppler scanning in patients from group I (n = 35) with benign tumors of the liver – bilobar involvement in 2 cases, right lobe involvement in 28 cases, left lobe involvement in 5 cases. There were found both solitary (in 33 cases) and multiple (in 2 cases) neoplasms ranging from 2.5– 4.5 cm to conglomerates of 8–17 cm in diameter. In group II (n = 57), in patients with colorectal cancer metastasis who had an ultrasound examination in B-mode with addition of color Doppler imaging and power Doppler scanning, bilobar metastatic (91.2%) involvement of the liver prevailed over the monolobar, notably right lobe (84.21%) involvement was more frequent. Multiple metastasis were encountered more often (89.5%) then solitary. At the moment of metastatic liver disease discovery the size of the tumor nodules was over 5 cm in diameter in 33 (57.8%) patients. According to the results of contrast sonography in patients of group I (n = 35) with benign tumors of the liver, there was detected a prolonged enhancement of the neoplasm in the arterial, portal and delayed phases of enhancement. In patients of group II (n = 57) with metastasis of colorectal cancer to the liver, in the end of arterial phase there was noted a “washing out” of the contrast agent by 16th second – in 36 (63.1%) of the patients, by 23th se cond – in 17 (29.8%) and by the 26th second – in 4 (7.0%) of the patients. In portal and delayed phase of the enhancement all of the group II patients (100%) at the site of the metastasis there were located anechogenic round foci.Conclusions. 1. Complex 3-stage ultrasound examination (B-mode, color Doppler imaging and power Doppler scanning, contrast sonography) of the liver neoplasms allows to get a more detailed information and differentiate benign and metastatic disease of the liver; 2. During contrast sonography the benign liver tumors “keep” the contrast gent during the arterial, portal and delayed enhancement phases, but with metastasis in liver the contrast agent gets “washed out” already in the arterial phase of enhancement.

We used transesophageal echocardioscopy for the study of effects of linear parameters of the aortic root and characteristics of its subvalvular space (area of subvalvular space of the aortic root during diastole and aortic cusps coaptation height) on severity of aortic regurgitation in patients with aneurism of ascending aorta and anatomically unchanged aortic valve (AV), i.e. so-called functional aortic regurgitation (FAR). We found that appearance of FAR was associated with coefficient of disproportion sinotubular ridge/fibrous annulus of AV1.67, aortic cusps coaptation height0.47 cm and area of subvalvular space of the aortic root0.49 cm2. Respective values2.23,1.07 cm, 0.49 cm2 evidenced for the presence of pronounced FAR.

We used transesophageal echocardioscopy for the study of effects of linear parameters of the aortic root and characteristics of its subvalvular space (area of subvalvular space of the aortic root during diastole and aortic cusps coaptation height) on severity of aortic regurgitation in patients with aneurism of ascending aorta and anatomically unchanged aortic valve (AV), i.e. so-called functional aortic regurgitation (FAR). We found that appearance of FAR was associated with coefficient of disproportion sinotubular ridge/fibrous annulus of AV1.67, aortic cusps coaptation height0.47 cm and area of subvalvular space of the aortic root0.49 cm2. Respective values2.23,1.07 cm, 0.49 cm2 evidenced for the presence of pronounced FAR.

We compared the normalizing effects of various methods of hemocorrection on homeostasis in animals with bile peritonitis. Combined treatment with hypochlorite and UV irradiation produced a potent membrane-stabilizing effect and increased adaptability of erythropoiesis.

The space and energy resolutions of the SPACAL electromagnetic calorimeter with a transverse orientation of the scintillating fibers have been measured. The main parameters of the calorimeter are presented. The results of experiments with an electron test beam of the DESY synchrotron at energies E = 1–6 GeV are discussed. The measured energy resolution of the calorimeter is found to be (σ/E) = 12.7%/√E ⊕ 2.0% (E is expressed in terms of GeV), and the space resolution is σx, y(E) = 1 mm at E = 4 GeV.

The new lead/scintillating-fibre calorimeter (“SpaCal”) for the backward region of the H1 experiment at HERA (DESY) is equipped with fine mesh phototubes which operate in a magnetic field close to 1 T. A large sample of these tubes of the types Hamamatsu R5505 and R5506, and Hamamatsu R2490-05, have been tested in fields of up to 1.2T. We have investigated the cathode homogeneity with and without magnetic field, the gain loss under the influence of the magnetic field, and stability with time. For a subsample of tubes, we have performed additional studies on stability with respect to temperature changes, variation of gain as a function of the magnetic field, high voltage discharges, single photo-electron response, and linearity. We finally summarize the experience with these tubes after one year of operation in the experiment.

The backward region of the H1 detector has been upgraded in order to provide improved measurement of the scattered electron in deep inelastic scattering events. The centerpiece of the upgrade is a high-resolution lead/scintillating-fibre calorimeter. The main design goals of the calorimeter are: good coverage of the region close to the beam pipe, high angular resolution and energy resolution of better than 2% for 30 GeV electrons. The calorimeter should be capable of providing coarse hadronic energy measurement and precise time information to suppress out-of-time background events at the first trigger level. It must be compact due to space restrictions. These requirements were fulfilled by constructing two separate calorimeter sections. The inner electromagnetic section is made of 0.5 mm scintillating plastic fibres embedded in a lead matrix. Its lead-to-fibre ratio is 2.3:1 by volume. The outer hadronic section consists of 1.0 mm diameter fibres with a lead-to-fibre ratio of 3.4:1. The mechanical construction of the new calorimeter and its assembly in the H1 detector are described.

The development of experimental bile peritonitis was accompanied by a variety of homeostatic changes. The disease is characterized by a specific clinical and laboratory syndrome.

Hadronic response and electron identification performance of the new H1 lead-scintillating fibre calorimeter are investigated in the 1 to 7 GeV energy range using data taken at the CERN Proton Synchrotron. The energy response to minimum ionizing particles and interacting pions are studied and compared to Monte Carlo simulations. The measured energy of pions interacting either in the electromagnetic or in the hadronic section is found to scale linearly with the incident energy, providing an energy resolution σ E ∼ 38% within a depth of one interaction length and σ E ∼ 29% for a total depth of two interaction lengths. Several electron identification estimators are studied and combined as a function of energy and impact point. The probability for pions to be misidentified as electrons of any measured energy above 1 GeV ranges from 5% (for 2 GeV incident pions) to 0.4% (at 7 GeV) for an electron detection efficiency of 90%. The probability for pions of a given energy to be misidentified as electrons of the same energy falls to 0.25% at 7 GeV.

The properties of final modules of a high resolution lead/scintillating-fibre calorimeter to upgrade the backward region of the H1 detector were studied with electrons in the energy range from 2–60 GeV. The electromagnetic calorimeter consists of scintillating fibres with a diameter of 0.5 mm embedded in a lead matrix. This small fibre radius, in combination with a lead-to-fibre ratio of 2.27:1, ensures excellent energy resolution which has been measured to be δ/E=7.1%/ E/GeV ⊕ 1.0% . The spatial resolution as a function of energy for impact points at the center of a cell is given by 4.4 mm/ E/GeV + 1.0 mm . The time resolution was found to be better than 0.4 ns.

The paper shows limitations of the traditional indices used to evaluate a patient's chemical status and describes methods for assessment of its uniformity, by using nonparametric chi 2 test, identifying patient subgroups, and comparing a few groups. A new procedure is proposed to present cytochemical findings.

The study assesses absolute and relative errors in the calculation of cytochemical indices in a precise patient. At present, the semiquantitative index (the mean cytochemical coefficient (MCC) after G. Astaldi and L. Verg) is widely used to evaluate the cytochemical activity of leukocytes. At the same time other indices, such as differentiating cytochemical coefficient (DCC) after I. G. Bondarenko, occasionally find application. Analysis of the results of simulation of an array containing 500 leukograms has demonstrated that the individual relative detection error for MCC ranges from 13 to 21% and that for DCC 20 to 51%. The results of the study enable an adequate estimation of the ways of expressing the cytochemical findings, which are proposed by different authors.

The outfit of an automated workplace of the biochemical practitioner at the clinical diagnosis laboratory of an emergency hospital is described in the paper. The advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and potentialities of improving the basic outfit are defined.

Possibilities of modern methods of maths statistics for comparative evaluation of efficacy of different methods of treatment of patients with suppurative-inflammatory diseases of maxillo-facial region were analyzed and an integral index of treatment efficacy was suggested. Application of the integral index of treatment efficacy showed that intravenous injection of sodium hypochlorite and autohemotherapy with oxidized blood led to the closest apposition of cluster center of these patients to the cluster center of healthy persons. It testifies to greater efficacy of such treatment of the disease in comparison to the other methods.

There are results of laboratory quality control in determination of transminase activity by two methods--by end point and by kinetic method. Based on the performed dispersion analysis, a conclusion was made that despite the correspondence of both methods to the order # 45 of RF Ministry of Health, the determination of ALT and AST activity by end point does not register the moderately pronounced increase in the level of these enzymes. This point makes it impossible to use the data obtained in the analysis of transminase activity by end point to verify and monitor syndrome of endogenous intoxication.

Twenty-five patients with pyoinflammatory maxillofacial diseases treated in an inpatient setting in the Regional Dentistry Clinic of Krasnodar and 8 healthy volunteers were examined. After opening and draining of the purulent focus the patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 21 patients treated by intravenous 0.04% sodium hypochlorite (SHC) and intravenous infusions of SHC-oxidized autoblood for 2-3 days. Group 2 (6 pts) was treated by intravenous infusions of SHC-oxidized autoblood for 6 days. The criteria of intoxication were erythrocyte resistance tests in hypotonic sodium chloride and at different concentrations of urea in isotonic medium. A new method for evaluating erythrogram deviations from reference values is proposed, which helps adequately assess the severity of intoxication.