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A specimen of rainbow trout Parasalmo mykiss (female aged 3.1+, 40 cm long and weighing 1006 g, with gonads at maturity stage II) was caught for the first time on the Kunashir Island (southern Kuril Islands) in Lake Valentina on February 26, 2019, during ice fishing. The appearance of this individual is probably associated with the colonization of the fish of this species that reproduce in the rivers of the neighboring Hokkaido Island.

Analysis of COVID-19 features in individuals who regularly practice aerobic training. Methods. Asymptomatic persons and patients with COVID-19 older than 30 years, 293 people (180 men and 113 women), 214 of them – inhabitants of the Moscow region (the beginning of the sampling – 2nd decade of April 2020) and 79 – inhabitants of the Belgorod region (the beginning of the sampling – 2nd decade of May 2020), adapted (27 people 1st group) and unadapted (266 – control group) to aerobic training (AT). Computer tomography of the chest, RNA test for SARS-CoV-2 in smears from the nasopharynx-oropharynx, the clinical blood sample and level of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were studied. The criterion for adaptation to aerobic loads was considered compliance with the rules of the American Heart Association, 2008. Results. Adapted to AT individuals, in contrast to the control group, characterized with the prevalence of asymptomatic (p = 0.045) and absence of severe forms of COVID-19, limited cataral simptoms of the disease (p < 0.001), rare pneumonia with absence (1) or presence (2) of acute respiratory failure (p1 = 0,028; p2 = 0,034), along with lower prevalence of diseases, potentiating this infection (p = 0.03). Conclusion. Patients adapted to AT have less severe course of COVID-19.

Achalasia of cardia and cardiospasm are neuromuscular diseases characterized by functional disorders of the permeability of the esophageal-gastric junction, their prevalence is up to 22% of all diseases of the esophagus. The article presents a series of clinical studies of 114 patients with achalasia of cardia and cardiospasm since 2006. A modified algorithm for the examination and treatment ofpatients with different stages of the disease is presented. The balloon cardiodilation, as the main method of treatment, was carried out by 76 patients. Surgical treatment was performed in 36 patients: 17 patients with stage III performed esophagocardiomyotomy with incomplete fundoplication in the modification of A.F. Chernousov, 19 - with the IV stage transhiatal extirpation of the esophagus with gastroplasty was performed. A group of 26 patients with psychosomatic disorders was selected, who, in addition to traditional surgical treatment, underwent psychotropic therapy. Good immediate and long-term results of complex treatment were obtained. Substantially faster relief of symptoms of dysphagia and other complaintsfrom the gastrointestinal tract was noted, a more persistent and prolonged effect of dilation sessions and a significant improvement in the quality of life compared with patients who did not receive psychotropic drugs. In this group of patients, we did not observe any recurrence of the disease after the dilatation sessions. The control examination (endoscopic and X-ray examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract, manometry) revealed no signs of dysphagia or gastroesophageal reflux in any patient, including among the operated.

To systemize anxiety-depressive disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and to reveal clinically relevant psychosomatic correlations.Fifty inpatients with IBD, including 32 with ulcerative colitis and 19 with Crohn's disease, were examined using clinical and follow-up methods.Affective mental disorders (depressions of various structures of different genesis) were found in most (72%) of cases. Adaptation disorders in patients with personality pathology, depression in cyclothymia, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia were identified as well. Psychosomatic correlations depended on the stage of IBD and the genesis of affective disorders. Somatogenic asthenic disorders prevailed at the stage of IBD manifestation and depressions of different structure with different course (recurrent, bipolar, attack-like) at the further stages of IBD. The psychosomatic relations at the subsequent stages of IBD were characterized by psychosomatic balancing. There were tendencies of convergence and divergence of mental disorders with the current somatic disease. The most severe variants (chronic continuous course, resistance to therapy) were found in patients with comorbid endogenous mental disorders. This was primarily due to the lack of a rational attitude of patients to the somatic disease and, therefore, the low compliance that must be taken into account in the treatment.Цель исследования. Систематика тревожно-депрессивных расстройств при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника (ВЗК) с выявлением клинически значимых психосоматических соотношений. Материал и методы. В гастроэнтерологическом стационаре клинико-катамнестическим методом были обследованы 50 пациентов с ВЗК (у 32 был диагностирован язвенный колит, у 19 - болезнь Крона). Результаты и заключение. Психические расстройств, преимущественно аффективные (депрессии различной структуры и различного генеза) выявлены в 72% случаев. Имели место расстройства адаптации при личностной патологии, депрессии при циклотимии, биполярном расстройстве и шизофрении. Психосоматические соотношения зависели от этапа ВЗК и генеза аффективных расстройств. На этапе манифеста ВЗК превалировали соматогенные астенические расстройства, на дальнейших этапах течения - депрессии различной структуры с разными вариантами течения (рекуррентное, биполярное, приступообразное); психосоматические соотношения на последующих этапах течения ВЗК имели характер психосоматического балансирования. Отмечены тенденции конвергенции и дивергенции психических расстройств с текущим соматическим заболеванием. Наиболее тяжелые варианты соматического заболевания (непрерывное безремиссионное течение, резистентность к терапии) выявлены при коморбидности с эндогенными психическими расстройствами, что обусловлено в первую очередь недостаточностью рационального отношения пациентов к имеющемуся соматическому заболеванию, соответственно - проблемами комплаентности; это обстоятельство должно учитываться в процессе терапии.

Morphobiological differences between chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta dwelling in rivers and lakes on the Iturup and Kunishir islands are shown. The differences between chum salmon of different islands are reduced mainly to the interpopulation variation in growth determined mainly by the action of ecological factors. First of all, these are differences in the rate of growth and the number of sclerites in the first annual zone of the scales growth related to specific features of feeding in the area subjected to the action of different currents. The differences between the river and lake forms of chum salmon are, to a greater extent, determined by the action of selection according to body sizes and production of different amounts of eggs by females.

The KOORDINATA study (clinical epidemiological program of investigation of depression in cardiological practice in patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease) was a prospective 3 year long multicenter study of effects of depressive and anxiety states on the course and prognosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and arterial hypertension (AH).Patients (n=5038, age more or equal 55 years) with verified IHD and/or AH from 37 cities were included into the study. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed by the HADS scale (Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale) validated in Russia.Clinically significant symptoms of anxiety ( more or equal 11 HADS) were present in 33 and 38%, of depression - in 30 and 38% of patients with IHD and AH, respectively. Presence of clinically manifested depression at initial examination increased 1.59 times combined risk of nonfatal and fatal cases (odds ratio [OR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-1.96, p=0.0001), 1.64 times - risk of cardiovascular death (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.20-2.24, p=0.0021), and 1.82 times - risk of death from all causes (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.41-2.34, p=0.0001). It is known that for somatic patients crossover of anxiety and depression symptoms is typical (simultaneous presence of some symptoms of anxiety and depression). Total HADS score equal to 11 or more increased risk of all cause death (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.84, p=0.0111), as well as fatal and nonfatal events (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.08-1.65, p=0.0089).Taking into consideration negative effect of depressive symptoms on prognosis it is recommended to screen patients with IHD in the first place those who have had myocardial infarction and brain stroke with the aim of detection of depression and anxiety depressive symptoms and subsequent their adequate correction.

COORDINATA - Russian multicenter prospective (3 year long) study having the aim to elucidate influence of symptoms of anxiety and depression on cardiovascular (CV) prognosis in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Results of 1.5 years of prospective phase of the study are presented. Material and methods. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HDS) in 5038 patients with AH and/or IHD aged 55 years and older. By the end of 1.5 years follow up telephonic interview was carried out with 4449 patients or their relatives in the course of which occurrence of soft and hard end points (cardiovascular complications and deaths of IHD, cardiovascular and other causes) were established. There were 142 deaths (60.6% cardiovascular), 85 strokes, and 42 dynamic disturbances of cerebral circulation. Total number of hard and soft end points was 356 (8.0%). Presence of depressive, anxious, and combined anxious-depressive symptoms in patients with AH/IHD at initial examination increased 1.5 - 2 fold risk of development of cardiovascular catastrophes and death (due to IHD, CV and all causes). Besides psychological factors clear-cut influence on prognosis exerted sex, age, level of education and income of patients, smoking (both in the past and at inclusion in the study), low level of daily physical activity, elevated levels of blood pressure and heart rate, as well as a row of social characteristics of patients.

COORDINATA - first Russian multicenter prospective (3 year long) study having the aim to elucidate prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression among patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) and their influence on cardiovascular (CV) prognosis. Results of baseline epidemiological part of the study are presented. Results of prospective phase will be published in 2008.Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by validated in Russia Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HDS) in 5038 patients with AH and/or IHD aged 55 years and older. Prevalence of CV risk factors was also studied and their association with anxiety/depressive symptoms were evaluated in a framework of multivariate regression analysis.Clinically significant symptoms of anxiety (HADS scoreor=11) took place in 33 and 38%, symptoms of depression - in 30 and 38% of patients with AH and IHD, respectively. Relationship of symptoms of anxiety and depression was established with a number of psychosocial and biological risk factors of CV diseases (D) specifically low levels of education and income, insufficient level of physical activity, high level of chronic psychoemotional stress, exposition to acute stresses of great power, lack of social support, social isolation, elevated blood pressure level. It was shown that CVD comorbid anxiety and depressive states might cause excessive use of health care resources by patients.

To study effects of depression on the course and prognosis of arterial hypertension (AH) and coronary heart disease (CHD), potentialities of the combined treatment in a prospective multicenter trial.A total of 376 patients with AH and/or CHD having depression (10 scores and higher by HADS scale) were assigned to two groups: 189 (50.3%) patients received somatotropic therapy+coaxil (the study group), 187 (49.7%) patients received somatotropic therapy alone (the comparison group). Coaxil was given for 6 weeks in a dose of 37.5 mg/day, to patients over 70 years--25 mg/day. The effects were assessed by changes in HADS, CGI scale, blood pressure, heart rate; by tolerance and side effects (objective effects); complaints, well- being, stress, tolerance (subjective effects).The addition of coaxil to somatotropic therapy of patients with AH and/or CHD associated with depression led to improvement of the psychological status (a 36% decrease by HADS depression scale from 13.1 +/- 2.75 to 8.43 +/- 3.64, -delta4.76, p0.0001; by HADS anxiety scale--by 35.6% from 12.08 +/- 3.90 to 7.78 +/- 3.63, -delta4.31, p0.0001; by response to psychoemotional stress--by 23% from 6.65 +/- 1.94 to 4.77 +/- 1.85, -delta1.88, p0.05). Control patients also showed a positive trend in the above indices (a decrease in the above indices from 13.15 +/- 2.65 to 11.79 +/- 3.31, from 11.50 +/- 3.66 to 10.12 +/- 3.95, from 6.63 +/- 1.99 to 6.03 +/- 2.07, p0.05, respectively) but positive changes were much weaker than in the coaxil group (p0.001). To the end of the treatment, patients of the study group had less number of complaints, more patients achieved the target level of arterial pressure under 140/90 mm Hz (43.9 versus 29.9% in the control group; p0.005).Standard somatotropic treatment of AH patients with CHD and depression is not sufficiently effective. Combination of such treatment with antidepressive therapy (coaxil) significantly improves psychological status, and efficacy of therapy of basic cardiological diseases.

To specify forms of severity of mental disorders in neurocirculatory asthenia (NCA) for more precise differentiation between NCA as a nosological entity and syndrome.The examination including specially-designed interview, ECG, echo-CG, orthostatic and hyperventilation tests, bicycle exercise, consultation of the psychiatrist, psychological tests covered 80 NCA patients (31 men, 49 women, mean age 29.2 +/- 9.08 years).NCA is characterized by the absence of a clear link with psychoemotional stress, seasonal disease aggravations, weakness, dizziness, negative results of orthostatic and hyperventilation tests. Among NCA criteria, dominating are "additional signs". Patients with anxio-fobic, panic, anxio-depressive neurotic disorders are characterized by strong relations between manifestation, subsequent disease exacerbations with psychogenia; attack-like NCA manifestation, prevalence of "basic signs" among diagnostic criteria (cardialgia, pulse and blood pressure lability, nonspecific alterations of T wave, positive orthostatic and hyperventilation tests).NCA presents at least with two variants. In the first variant NCA picture is characterized by hereditary or early acquired vegetative stigmation and secondary neurotic disorders; the second variant presents as a clinically formed illness in which NCA symptoms manifest as a syndrome which is a leading component of a mental disease.

Concomitant mental disorders were diagnosed in 97 of the 107 gynecologic patients aged 19 to 66. Twenty of these patients were previously consulted by psychiatrists. Five groups of mental conditions were distinguished, most frequently associated, in a certain mode, with gynecologic diseases. The results of our analysis necessitate that gynecologic outpatients be consulted by psychiatrists.

Forty women with a psychopathic hysterical structure of personality undergoing forensic-psychiatric examination at the V. P. Serbsky All-Union Research Institute of General and Forensic Psychiatry were examined for affective responses manifested at the time when they broke the law. The results of studies have shown that in a subjectively important psychogenic traumatic situation hysterical psychopaths present affective responses differing in severity, which dictated the differential forensic-psychiatric evaluation of these states. In patients who were considered responsible in relation to the law-breaking act affective responses were personal in nature and were expressed in exacerbation of psychopathic features in the framework of the accustomed pattern of reacting. Some subjects presented a state of psychopathic decompensation of a psychotic level at the moment of the law-breaking act, which accounts for exculpation of this group.