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Intrinsic diffusion (defined as diffusion within micropores or microgranules) was shown to be a major factor that determines the kinetics of bovine serum albumin adsorption to macroporous silica MPS-250 GKh. The effective coefficient of intrinsic diffusion (within the silica phase) was calculated (Def = 7 x 10(-7) cm2/s).

The isothermic adsorption of microbial and animal enzymes on carboxyl and sulpha-cation exchange resins was studied. The adsorption isotherms are curves with a maximum. The adsorption of alpha-amylase was studied in the presence of organic solvents. It was found that organic solvents influenced the isothermic adsorption of alpha-amylase, which is associated with changes in the interactions between protein molecules in solution. The adsorption system was in equilibrium in all the cases.

Potentiometric titration curves were obtained for macroporous silicas (MPS). The effect of the MPS structure on adsorption of various protein was studied. The maximal experimental and theoretical values of the adsorption capacity of a macroporous silica are presented.

1. The ultraviolet spectroscopy method was used to study the weak intermolecular reactions in solutions of low-molecular organic compounds. 2. A comparison was made of the selectivity of the reaction of organic ions with polyelectrolytes and of the spectroscopic characteristics of the corresponding low-molecular analogs. 3. A high selectivity in organic ion-polyelectrolyte systems was compared with the greatest shift in the maximum of the UV absorption band of the corresponding model compound.

1. The thermodynamic functions characterizing the intermolecular interaction were determined according to the temperature dependence of the selectivity of the binding in the system of organic ion of hydroxytetracycline (HTC) and polyelectrolyte. 2. The HTC-polyelectrolyte interaction is intensified by the transition from soluble to cross-linked polyelectrolytes. 3. The entropy and enthalpy components of the free energy change for the HTC-polyelectrolyte system are correlated with the increase in the amount of the cross-linking agent and pass through a maximum at 0.5% DVB. 4. An interpretation is given for the thermodynamic data on the basis of the assumption of supplementary (in addition to coulombic) interaction of HTC with polyelectrolytes.

1. In the case of ion exchange on polyelectrolytes, an increase and a decrease in the selectivity of sorption are observed, independent of the solvent and explained by cooperative interaction of the chains of the polymer through “ties” the role of which is played by molecules of the sorbed substance. 2. A mechanism of sorption with isotherms possessing a maximum is proposed for ion exchange sorption on linear and cross-linked synthetic polyelectrolytes and for molecular adsorption. The isotherms of sorption with a maximum are observed when the state of the solution changes with increasing concentration of the substance to be sorbed and a consequent drop in the selectivity of the interaction and sorption capacity.

1. Proteins are sorbed on the macroporous KU-23 polyelectrolyte over the internal surface of the ion exchanger at a relatively high rate. The diffusion rate is two orders of magnitude higher than the diffusion rate on gelatinous ion exchangers. 2. The adsorption of proteins is at first fast (D1 ∼ 10−9 cm2/sec) and then slow (D2 ∼ 10−10 cm2/sec). The D1 values decrease, and the D2 values increase with increasing molecular weight of the protein. 3. The size of the grains of the ion exchanger has practically no effect on. the values of the diffusion coefficients.

1. A study was made of the infrared absorption spectra of some amino acids, both in the dry form and as solutions in heavy water at various pH. 2. The absorption band in the 1728–1740 cm−1 region and the band in the 1593–1612 cm−1 region are determined respectively by the non-ionized -COOH and the ionized -COO− of the carboxyl group of the amino acids. 3. In the sorbed state the amino acids are found as the cation+NH3-R-COOH, independent of the pH of the solution from which the sorption was made

1. On the example of the partially sulfonated polystyrene cationites it was shown that nonionic reaction of the hydrocarbon chains of the polymer among themselves, i.e., reaction of the sorbent-sorbent type, can arise. 2. The interrelation between the sorption selectivity of the organic HTC, C, and TEBA ions and the value of the total exchange capacity of some sulfo cationites was ascertained, which indicates that interchain reaction in the cationites plays an important role in the total energy of the process for the selective sorption of organic ions.

1. The organic ions of antibiotics (tetracycline, hydroxytetracycline, and chlorotetracycline) in aqueous acidic solution form associates (at concentrations above 10−4 M), the size of which, like surfactants, reaches tens of molecules. The associates, like the surfactant micelles, are probably formed as a consequence of the hydrophobic interaction between molecules. 2. The viscosity of the solutions decreases during the formation of an organic ion-polyelectrolyte complex in the case of associated hydroxytetracycline and cetylpyridinium bromide ions and changes little for unassociated triethylbenzylammonium ions. This is explained by the interaction of ions among themselves (associations) in the polymer-bonded state.

A comparative study of avian (chicken) glucagon and commercial preparations of cattle glucagon was carried out with the view of studying the evolution of polypeptide hormones in some vertebrate species. A chromatographic procedure for obtaining crystalline hormone preparations from chicken tissues was developed. Study of immunological properties of chicken glucagon in radioimmune systems with highly specific antisera to mammalian glucagon revealed that the immunoreactivity of chicken hormone preparations purchased from CNR (USA) and RSL (USA) makes up to 40% and 60% of that of mammalian glucagon. Estimation of biological activity of the hormones by their ability to activate adenylate cyclase in a test system with plasma membranes of chicken and rat liver as well as to stimulate lipolysis in a test system with chicken adipocytes revealed that chicken glucagon possesses a biological activity within the same concentration range as its mammalian counterpart, i. e., 2.9 X 10(-10)-1 X 10(-5) M. In the majority of cases the effect of chicken glucagon taken in the above concentrations was less pronounced than that of the mammalian hormone. The data obtained suggest that even one amino acid substitution in the chicken glucagon molecule (in comparison with mammalian glucagon) affects the immunological properties of the hormone and its biological activity.

Sixty five patients with pulmonary tuberculosis subjected to extensive and traumatic surgical interventions were investigated. Metabolic alkalosis to the end of the 1st--2d postoperative day would develop in patients, who showed acid-base balance disorders toward acid aspect during the operation. In the mechanism of development of a grave decompensated postoperative metabolic alkalosis the role of a trigger factor is played by a massive intraoperative blood loss with marked hemodynamic disturbances in the immediate postoperative period.

Insulin has been obtained from the pancreases of chicken and Scorpaena (scorpionfish). Chemical purity of the preparations has been confirmed by the disk-electrophoresis in polyacryl amide gel and N-terminal amino acids determination. The purity of hormones is also confirmed by the coincidence of UV spectra of the porcine (control), avian, and fish insulins and their absorption maximum at 278 nm. N-terminal amino acids both of chicken and Scorpaena insulins are glycine (A-chain) and alanine (B-chain). Chicken insulin biological activity, evaluated by the convulsive reaction of mice in vivo , is equal to 22.8 ± 3.2 µU/mg; scorpaena insulin activity is somewhat lower in this test (18.6 ± 2.2 µU/mg). “Dose-response” curves for porcine and chicken insulins, when comparing their biological acitvity in vitro (by the rat diaphragm and epididymal fat methods) coincide. The fish insulin is less potent in low doses with respect to its effect on muscular and adipose tissues of rat than the porcine hormone. The maximum effect on muscular and adipose tissues is, however, reached with the same doses of the porcine and fish hormones.

Clinico-roentgenological and functional studies were carried out in 78 patients 2--12 years following segmental (42 patients) and lobar (3) pneumonectomies for tuberculosis. An analysis of the data obtained indicated that partial pneumonectomies within the boundaries of 1-5 segments per se fail to produce significant disorders in the ventilatory and gas metabolism function of the lung. 2-12 years after the operation the patients show considerable ventilatory reserves. Significant respiratory disorders are observed only in patients with postoperative complications and pathological changes in the lung, pleura and bronchi conditioned by tuberculosis and non-specific lung pathology.

1. The kinetic curves and the sorption isotherms of insulin on a macroporous polyelectrolyte were obtained. 2. In the sorption of insulin the first monolayer is filled rapidly at the start, and then slower sorption occurs in the subsequent layers.

1. The diffusion coefficient of insulin in macroporous polyelectrolytes is two orders of magnitude higher than in gel polyelectrolytes, which indicates that the insulin is sorbed only on the surface of the pores (or channels), in contrast to the low-molecular organic ions of the ATS, which are sorbed throughout the entire volume of the macroporous ionite granule. 2. The complex of insulin with the gel ionite is more stable than the complex of insulin with the macroporous polyelectrolyte, probably due to additional intermolecular reaction.