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The article discusses the experience of organizing the educational process according to the module “Elective courses in physical culture and sports” with 1st-3rd year students of the IKBFU within the framework of a lockdown. The basic requirements for the compilation of various types of assignments, their content, forms of control are revealed, as well as the positive and negative aspects of distance learning during the lockdown period are revealed.

Information technology and modeling are becoming more widely used, mainly in the design and operation of buildings and structures, and in most cases this is enough for trouble-free operation. Nev-ertheless, there is a category of buildings for which the monitoring of the technical condition should be an integral part of the construction and operation. Unfortunately, the development of these technolo-gies in the Russian Federation is not at level, sufficient for answering questions about the behavior of objects under changing environmental conditions and revealing hidden patterns in monitoring data. Based on analysis of literary sources, the authors reviewed various methods for identifying hidden patterns in geodetic measurement data when monitoring buildings and structures. It is noted that mod-ern analysis methods are based on statistical processing of measurement results and on statistical fore-casting method. However, there are attempts to apply models that take into account object’s design features and temperature regime. This type includes two proposed models, which are used to model three-dimensional coordinates of strain marks in the 3D model and only elevations of marks in the 1–Z model. The article presents the rationale for the simulated geometric elements and properties of the object. The solution of the equations of both models and the analysis of the results and parameters of the model for measurement epochs are shown. The simulation is shown on the example of a real ob-ject, which was monitored by the authors in 2015–2016.The authors believe that the monitoring of large-span structures and the search for patterns of their behavior should be an integral part of the in-formation system for such structures.

The article is devoted to revealing the essence and interrelation of concepts "mobile learning", "educational mobile application", "electronic educational resource", "learning tool", as well as the possibility of using mobile applications as electronic educational resources and learning tools. The definitions of "mobile learning", "learning mobile application", "educational mobile application" and "non-educational mobile application" are given, as well as the classification of mobile applications. The article provides an example of an educational mobile application developed by the authors, which is an electronic educational resource and can be used as a means of teaching informatics.

Hardly decomposable aboveground and underground plant residues are a substrate for the Fusarium graminearum, F. moniliforme and other dangerous infections of subsequent crops in the crop rotation. For the period 2014-2020, an infection of grain with F. moniliforme increased in the Kursk region by 2.3 times; in Volgograd region by 3.7 times; in Rostov region by 8.7 times; and in the Stavropol Territory by 5.4 times. After treatment of plant residues of corn with biological preparation-sanator, a rhizoctonia disappeared from the winter wheat agrophytocenosis, and an occurrence of the F. moniliforme decreased by 2.5 times; a frequency of occurrence of pathogenic fungi F. moniliforme and F. avenaceum on the aerial parts of a plant was 20%, and on the plant residues 10% or less. A microbial colonization of the underground residues of sunflower and corn plants by F. moniliforme after harvesting was up to 30% for three years. Intra-soil pulse continuous-discrete robotic system for application of a biological plant protection product has been developed to increase an impact of biological plant protection product on phytopathogen into the plant residue and topsoil. The method provides priority plant protection from harmful biological objects, improving soil health, increasing plant productivity and product quality.

Background. Very little research has been devoted to the studying fertility problem in nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. It is difficult to draw definitive conclusions regarding the need for glucocorticoid therapy in NCAH women based on limited data. Therefore, evaluating fertility in patients with NCAH and exploring the possibility of correcting its disturbances seemed to us to be a matter of importance. Aims — to evaluate the reproductive function of patients with NCAH and explore potential treatments for this disorder. Materials and methods. The study group included 60 patients with NCAH aged between 18 and 33 years old. NCAH was diagnosed based on early-morning serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels above 30 nmol/l or 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels after ACTH stimulation above 26 nmol/l and/or characterized by molecular analysis of the CYP21A2 gene. Ultrasonography of the uterus and ovaries were performed in the cycle’s follicular phase. Total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), Androstenedione, 17-OHP and Progesterone was measured. Results. Overall, the patients complained of menstrual cycle disorders (60%), infertility — (28%), hirsutism — (63%). Prior to being diagnosed with NCAH, Thirty-four women sought care because of infertility or recurrent miscarriages. Seventeen women (50%) had miscarriages; later on, five of them developed secondary infertility. Two patients became pregnant without treatment being already diagnosed and progressed to delivery. Once the diagnosis of NCAH was made, 58 women started receiving glucocorticoid therapy, Thirty nine (67%) women became pregnant while on glucocorticoid therapy. Thus glucocorticoid therapy reduced the miscarriage rate from 50 to 10.3%; р

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of hyperandrogenism in women. The criteria for diagnosis in women of reproductive age at present are subject to dispute. At the same time, diagnosis in adolescent girls is associated with even greater challenges, since many of the manifestations of the disease are a manifestation of normal puberty. In the absence of clear criteria for diagnosis in adolescence, more attention is paid to the search for new markers PCOS, one of which may be anti-Müllerian hormone. However, data on its diagnostic value is currently controversial, which calls for more extensive research in order to develop specific criteria for the diagnosis PCOS in teenagers.

Перевод с английского Татьяны Кузнецовой и Анастасии Кудриной.

This study with the participation of 117 patients was designed to characterize the clinical picture of polycystic ovary syndrome (POS), the state of carbohydrate metabolism, blood androgen and insulin levels. Impaired glucose tolerance was documented in 42 (36%) of the patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in one of them (0.9%). The occurrence of the normal and excessive body weight was unrelated to normal and impaired glucose tolerance. The same is true of the frequency of hyperinsulinemia even though abnormal insulin resistance indices and marked hyperinsulinemia were most frequently recorded in the patients having body mass index (BMI) in excess of 25. BMI was shown to directly correlate with the blood androgen level and the severity of manifestations of hirsutism. The study has demonstrated the necessity of estimating the state of carbohydrate metabolism in all the patients presenting with polycystic ovary syndrome for the timely prescription of pathogenetic therapy.

The level of circulating stromal progenitor cells carrying osteonectin (ON), a marker of osteogenic differentiation, was evaluated by flow cytometry in blood of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Ninety-nine patients with CAD were included into the study. Coronary angiography of all patients showed critical stenosis of at least 2 coronary arteries or their major branches. The control groups included 8 patients without CAD and 19 healthy volunteers. In control patients, no lesions of the coronary bed were found by angiography. The absence of CAD in the volunteers was confirmed by bicycle stress test. The content of ON-positive cells in blood was examined in various populations of lymphocyte-like cells. It was found that the number of ON+ lymphocyte-like cells with CD41 positivity in blood of patients without coronary stenosis (0.27% ± 0.11%, mean ± SD) did not differ significantly from corresponding value in healthy volunteers (0.26% ± 0.07%, p = 0.94). In CAD patients, the percent of these ON+ cells was 1.01% ± 0.49% and was significantly higher than in blood of healthy volunteers (p < 0.0001) and patients without CAD (p < 0.0001). High content of ON+ lymphocyte-like cells with CD41 positivity in blood may serve as noninvasive marker of arterial atherosclerosis.

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In the present review principles of therapy and surgical treatment of women with the polycistic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are summarised in compliance with pathogenesis. Different methods of treatment of women with the PCOS for decreasing symptoms of hyperandrogenemia, the recovery of the ovulatory function and treatment of infertility are examined.

It is revealed that in all models of critical conditions will activate the free-radical oxidation, decreasing the total antioxidant activity, the concentration of transferrin decreases in the serum of the blood, increase of the concentration of ferritin, the theological properties of the blood are violated and the signs of endothelial dysfunction are identified. Pre-entered deferoxamine in the dose of 80 mg/kg reduced the intensity of free-radical oxidation processes, restoring the antioxidant potential, concentration of the transferrin, and a lower level of ferritin, contributed to the normalization of blood theological properties and a reduction of the extent endothelium destruction as a result of the reduction Fe2+ concentration in blood serum.

Osteoclasts, the major source of calcium released during bone resorption, and their precursors preosteoclasts derive from bone marrow hemopoietic stem cells, granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units. The factors responsible for commitment of colony-forming units into osteoclast precursors remain unknown. Studies of osteoclastogenesis in cultured blood mononuclear cells from patients with hyperlipidemia accompanied by atherosclerosis and calcification of vessels revealed high content of preosteoclasts in the blood.

Megakaryocyte colony-forming units with high proliferative activity (6–7 mitoses) were detected in peripheral blood of patients with type IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemia. These cells are present in 30–40% patients, their occurrence being higher in patients with type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia.

The possibility of using available Ukrainian raw materials for the production of glass high-voltage insulators is studied. The introduction of the developed low-alkaline glass made it possible to reduce the cost of the products and the consumption of power in glass melting, improve the working conditions, and decrease the pollution of the atmosphere due to elimination of fluorine from the composition of the glass.

Using autopsy specimens and clonal technique, the authors showed that hematopoietic and stromal stem colony-forming units are present in human atheromatous vascular intima. Stromal colony-forming units were also detected in the mononuclear fraction of the blood of patients with hyperlipidemia and coronary stenosis, and were not found in the peripheral blood of normolipidemic volunteers. Using flow cytometry, the absence of stromal circulating colony-forming units in healthy volunteers and their presence in coronary patients was confirmed. It was thought that the presence of circulating stromal precursors with a certain phenotype and variations in their level in blood could serve as an informative noninvasive indicator of coronary stenosis.

The paper contains the results of research on methods of improving the physicochemical properties of dielectric glass by applying protective strengthening coatings and magnetic treatment of a glass drop, as well as the parameters of coating application and fixation.

The number of cells expressing antigen to osteonectin was appreciably increased in the blood of coronary patients, but no cells of this kind were detected in donors. The number of CD34+ stem cells in these patients virtually did not differ from that in normal subjects. A close relationship between atherosclerosis development and presence of stromal stem cells with osteogenic potential in the blood is hypothesized.

Solid-phase ELISA revealed increased content of macrophage-granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in the serum of hyperlipoproteinemic patients.

Osteoclasts, the major source of calcium released during bone resorption, and their precursors preosteoclasts derive from bone marrow hemopoietic stem cells, granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units. The factors responsible for commitment of colony-forming units into osteoclast precursors remain unknown. Studies of osteoclastogenesis in cultured blood mononuclear cells from patients with hyperlipidemia accompanied by atherosclerosis and calcification of vessels revealed high content of preosteoclasts in the blood.

The spectrum of mutations in the steroid 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21B) and the frequency of 11 mutations among 66 patients with different forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were analyzed by means of PCR amplification. Each of the CAH forms was characterized by specific spectrum of diagnostically important mutations. The salt-losing (SL) form of the disease was most frequently associated with gene deletion (39%) and the 668-13C-G mutation in the second intron (23.5%), whereas the majority of simple virilizing (SV) CAH cases were associated with the 1172N mutation in exon 4 (22%), gene deletion (16.5%), and the 668-13C-G mutation (16.5%). Mutations in the steroid 21-hydroxylase gene were detected in 70% of the chromosomes from the patients with the SL and SV forms of CAH, and only in 1.3% of the chromosomes from the patients with the nonclassic (NC) form. A total of 78 mutant chromosomes from the NC CAH patients were examined, and only one case of a gene deletion in the heterozygous state was revealed. In the individuals examined, the V281L and P30L mutations described in the NC CAH patients from other populations were not detected. This result can be explained either by the fact that NC CAH cases in Russia are associated with other major mutations, or by difficult clinical diagnosis questionable CAH cases.

Parlodel (2.5-50 mg/day) has been given for 1 to 7 days to 33 patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (POS). The ovulatory menstrual cycle returned in 10 (30%) patients and 4 of them conceived. Pretreatment cycle disturbance persisted in 6 (18%) patients. Parlodel reduced mid-follicular mean blood LH levels to values of normal women. Some decrease in blood testosterone levels occurred only in the second phase of the cycle. Estradiol test in 6 patients showed normal positive and negative feedbacks in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Parlodel treatment reduced basal and estradiol stimulated pituitary gonadotropin secretion. It is suggested that parlodel may be used in ovulation induction in a proportion of POS patients.

Granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) were found in the intima of human atheromatous aorta. Granulocyte-macrophage colonies were recovered on the 14th day of culturing of intimal cells suspensions on agar. Medium conditioned by normal leukocytes in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin was used as a source of the colony-stimulating factor. Grossly normal and atheromatous intima contained different number of CFU-GM. No GM were recovered from fibrous plaques. By light and electron microscopies, the injured aortic intima contained the clusters of blood-born cells that were at various stages of granulocytopoiesis (including blasts and mature cells) and poorly differentiated lymphocyte-like cells. The results obtained suggest that in human aortic intima proliferation and differentiation of CFU-GM occur at early stages of atherogenesis, prior to fibrous plaque formation.

The principles governing the distribution of the absorbed dose and the dynamics of its formation were studied by a radiometric technique in vivo during the course of 1 year after injection of 0.033 μ Ci/g of [75Se] selenomethionine into rats and the functional state of the pituitary-adrenal adaptive system was studied at the same time by determination of the plasma corticosterone level. The preparation was shown to have high affinity for the organs of the endocrine system. Evidence of increased functional activity of the adaptation system was given by an increase in the corticosterone concentration in the animals' blood plasma after injection of the radioactive preparation, which was significantly higher than in the control 3, 6, and 10 months after the beginning of the experiments. Exposure to acute stress (induced by histamine and formalin) 10 months after injection of [75Se] selenomethionine did not produce the sharp increase in the plasma corticosterone concentration characteristic of the control rats; this points to extreme stress of the pituitary-adrenal system and its inability to respond to additional loads. It is postulated that analysis of the functional state of the adaptation system could provide the key to the assessment of the biological effect of small doses of radiation.

The phospholipase activity of leptospires cultivated on serum-lecithin agar has been studied. Two zones of changes in the medium have been found to appear around the colonies of saprophytic Leptospira strains: transparent (5.25 +/- 2.09 mm wide) and turbid (6.90 +/- +/- 1.46 mm wide), which is linked with the production of phospholipases A and C. Only a single clear zone is formed around the colonies of pathogenic strains due to the production of phospholipase A. At the same time virulent Leptospira strains show greater phospholipase activity (the zones are 6.0 +/- 1.2 mm wide) than avirulent strains (the zones are 1.6 +/- +/- 0.04 mm wide).

The surface structures of peritoneal macrophages of mice were investigated with a scanning electron microscope RZEM-500. The study revealed 3 types of the macrophages. Macrophages of type 1 predominated in intact mice. These macrophages are cells rounded or oval in shape with a great number of compact finger-like excresences differing in size and form. In the animals treated with prodigiozan in a single dose of 150 mg/kg, the majority of the macrophages were larger in size and had a changed surface: spread, with many branches, "train", undulated membranes. Formation of a great number of macrophagal and macrophagal-lymphocytic clusters evident of the increased cell cooperation under the effect of prodigiozan was shown. The morphological changes in the surface structures of the macrophages under the effect of prodigiozan in vivo indicate an increase in their functional activity.

No essential changes occurred in the morphology, viability and agglutinability of 212 Leptospira strains belonging to 20 serological groups during 2-year storage in ampoules at temperatures of -60 to -70 degrees C, and 18 to 24 degrees C. After storage lasting 3 and 4 years viability was retained, respectively, by 95.75 and 78.5% of the strains stored at a temperature of -60 to -70 degrees C and by 90.9 and 70% of the strains stored at room temperature. During 4 years of storage at room temperature the agglutinability of the strains decreased 2-8 times. Most of the strains retained their virulence unchanged for 2 years at a temperature of -60 to -70 degrees C.

Results of investigation of phospholipase activity and virulence of pathogenic leptospirae on a solid nutrient medium using the method of agar layers with 1% of L-lecithin in the medium of the second layer are presented. It has been demonstrated that only one zone of translucent medium is formed around the colonies of pathological leptospirae, which is obviously due to the release of phospholipase A. The examined virulent strains of pathogenic leptospirae were found to exhibit greater phospholipase activity (width of the translucent zones being 5.0 +/- 0.34 mm) than the avirulent strains (width of the zones being 1.5 +/- 0.11 mm).

Altogether 89 Leptospira strains isolated from humans and various animal species in different regions of the USSR, as well as in other countries, and belonging to 42 serovars and 10 serological groups were studied. The growth time and yield of the cultures on 12 solid culture media were established; these criteria were used to determine the optimum solid culture medium. The dynamic study of the changes in the colonies, connected with their age, and the parameters of the colonies, typical of L. interrogans, were determined. The cloning of Leptospira was carried out, and the biological properties of the clones thus obtained, as well as those of the original culture, were compared. In this study the form of the colonies was found to depend on the antigenic, immunogenic and virulent activity of Leptospira.

Results of investigation of hemolytic activity of leptospirae against red blood cells of various animal species on solid culture media using the technique of agar layers are presented. It has been shown that hemolytic properties of pathogenic and saprophytic leptospirae differ with respect to red blood cells of the sheep, the rabbit, the hamster, the albino rat and the albino mouse. Hemolytic activity of leptospirae regarding the erythrocytes of the cattle, the horse and the fowl depends on the strain of leptospirae. The advantage of using solid nutrient media for the determination of hemolytic properties of leptospirae in comparison with liquid media has been demonstrated.

Recommendations on the preparation and use of a solid culture medium are given; age changes in the colonies of leptospires belonging to different serovars and serogroups have been studied in their dynamics; the absence of relationship between the form of the colonies, the serovar and serogroup of the cultures, their virulence, as well as the region, time and source of their isolation has been established, which makes it impossible to use these parameters for the differentiation of Leptospira strains belonging to different serovars on solid culture media.

Surface structures of the peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice treated intramuscularly with various doses of egg lysozyme (0.05 to 50 mg/kg) were studied with scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the effect of lysozyme on the macrophages significantly depended on the dose of the preparation and the frequency of its use. When used in the subtherapeutic (0.5 mg/kg) and therapeutic (5 mg/kg) single doses, lysozyme promoted detection of heterogeneity of the macrophage population, marked activation of their surface membranes and intensification of intercellular cooperation. The highest level of the lysozyme activating effect on the minor macrophages and lymphocytes was observed after administration of the preparation in a single dose of 5 mg/kg or in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg repeatedly (daily for 7 days). When used in a dose of 5 mg/kg repeatedly or especially in a single dose of 50 mg/kg lysozyme induced smoothing of the surface of the macrophages and lymphocytes. The problems of indirect, direct and immune activation of the macrophages with lysozyme are discussed.

Granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) were found in the intima of human atheromatous aorta. Granulocyte-macrophage colonies were recovered on the 14th day of culturing of intimal cells suspensions on agar. Medium conditioned by normal leukocytes in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin was used as a source of the colony-stimulating factor. Grossly normal and atheromatous intima contained different number of CFU-GM. No GM were recovered from fibrous plaques. By light and electron microscopies, the injured aortic intima contained the clusters of blood-born cells that were at various stages of granulocytopoiesis (including blasts and mature cells) and poorly differentiated lymphocyte-like cells. The results obtained suggest that in human aortic intima proliferation and differentiation of CFU-GM occur at early stages of atherogenesis, prior to fibrous plaque formation.

A method of radiometry in vivo was applied to study the regularities attending distribution of the absorbed dose and its formation in the course of one year after the administration of 0.033 muCu/g of selenomethionine-75Se to rats, as well as the functional condition of the adaptive hypophysis-adrenal glands system by the determination of plasma corticosterone. A high tropicity of this preparation to the endocrine system organs was demonstrated. Intensification of the functional activity of the adaptive system was indicated by an increase of the blood plasma corticosterone concentration following the administration of a, radioactive preparation and its statistically significant increase (in comparison with control) 3, 6, and 10 months from the beginning of the experiment. The action of acute stress (histamine and formalin) 10 months after the administration of selenomethionine-75Se caused no sharp elevation of the plasma corticosterone concentration characteristic of control rats, this indicating an extreme strain of the hypophysis-adrenal gland system and its incapacity to respond to additional loads. It is supposed that analysis of functional condition of the adaptive system could serve as the key in the assessment of the biological effect of low radiation doses.

The impact of methergoline, a serotonin antagonist, on the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, estradiol and progesterone was studied in the blood serum of 20 females with hyperprolactinemia-induced ovarian insufficiency who were under a ten-day course of its administration in a dose of 4-12 mg/day. Two patients were studied for gonadotrophin impulse secretion before and during methergoline treatment. It was revealed that the administration of the preparation led to a significant elevation of serum FSH and LH, estradiol and progesterone levels (up to the values characteristic of the preovulation phase) and enhancement of LH impulse secretion by the pituitary body. The possibility of dominant follicle growth and development was stated in the presence of persistent hyperprolactinemia. The authors supposed that the agent's effect was gained due to an enhanced secretion of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus.