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Sonic bloom was a technology that used sound waves at 07.00–11.00 a.m. in the western part of Indonesia with a particular frequency to stimulate plant growth. This study aims to determine the effectiveness and best time for applying the foliar fertilizer with sound waves to cabbage plants. This research was conducted in Kuta Gugung Village, Naman Teran District, Karo Regency, from September 1st, 2020, to December 9th, 2020. The research method was a non-factorial randomized block design with four treatments and five replications, namely: application sound waves without fertilization (control), fertilization at 1 hour before application sound waves, fertilization carried out simultaneously with application sound waves, and fertilization carried out 1 hour after application sound waves. The results showed that the application of foliar fertilizer with sound waves significantly affected stomata exposure, making fertilizer more effective. To get the best stomata exposure, it was at 8.30 a.m., but the average selling weight of the crop was not significant.

The success of the shallots’ growth and production is strongly affected by the cultivation method, the variety selection, and the growing environment (location-specific cultivation). This study aims to evaluate the shallot’s growth using true shallot seed to cultivation methods in a lowland growing environment. The research is conducted in Pasar 1 Tanjung Sari-Medan community land located at an altitude of 32 meters, during June to September 2021. This study applies a factorial randomized block design, the first factor is the shallots variety using TSS (Lokananta and Sanren F1). The second factor is the difference in plant cultivation methods (seed supplier recommendation, modification of seed supplier recommendation, multiple production recommendation, modification of multiple productions). The results show that in the lowlands, plant height, number of leaves, and total of leaf area of Lokananta are higher than Sanren F1. The use of cultivation methods seed supplier recommendation increased in plant height and total leaf area. The combination of Lokananta treatment and seed supplier recommendation method results in the best plant growth indicated by an increase in plant height and total leaf area.

Japanese or kyuri cucumber was more longer, softer and suitable for salads than local cucumber. Cultivation techniques for increasing the production of cucumbers can be done by manipulating growth by the pruning and application of manure especially chicken manure which is more complete than other manures. The study was conducted at Deli Serdang regency in polybag from January until April 2021. The result showed that the application of chicken manure has a significant on fruit weight per plant and root weight at a dose of 600 g/polybag. Pruning the main stem shoots has a real effect on the weight of the fruit. There is an interaction between chicken manure and pruning on fruit weight per plant. The best interaction was in combination of treatment with pruning and manure 600 g/polybag. So, cultivation of cucumbers in polybags is recommended using chicken manure 600 g/polybag and pruning on the main stem shoots.

The objective of the research is to identify the growth response of binahong accessions from lowland and highland as affected by technological packet. This study used a factorial RBD with two treatments. Factor I: Plant accession named A1 from lowland medan johor; A2 from highland barus jahe karo; A3 from lowland medan sunggal. Factor II: binahong cultivation technology package, named P1: planting medium top soil: compost: manure (3: 1: 1); 25% shade; natural GR bamboo shoot extract 40%; liquid organic fertilizer 10 ml / l; P2: top soil: compost: manure (2: 1: 1); 25% shade; bamboo shoots extract 40%; liquid organic fertilizer 20 ml / l; P3: top soil: compost: manure (3: 1: 1); 25% shade; bamboo shoots extract 60%; liquid organic fertilizer 10 ml / l; and P4: top soil: compost: manure (2: 1: 1); 25% shade; bamboo shoots extract 60%; liquid organic fertilizer 20 ml / l. The results showed on 7, 8 and 9 WAP, the accession of binahong significantly affected plant length and number of leaves. The application of technological packet unsignificantly affected plant length of binahong at 7 to 11 WAP. Shoot-root ratio among the treatments was not significant.

The morphophysiological study of binahong is still limited. The objective of the research is to identify the morphophysiological characteristics of binahong plants through natural GR application. This study described the relationship of plant length, number of leaves, stomatal density, and the content of chlorophyll leaves of binahong due to the application of natural growth regulators from coconut water combined with red shallot extract, bamboo shoots, and banana weevils. The research used a nonfactorial randomized block design with 3 replications. The results obtained in general giving GR can reduce plant length and number of leaves. The highest stomatal density was obtained in the application of coconut water while the lowest as shown in the application of coconut water and bamboo shoots. Chlorophyll a and b, as well as the highest total chlorophyll, are found without growth regulators application and application of a mixture of coconut water, shallot, bamboo shoots and, banana weevils. Chlorophyll a and b and the lowest total chlorophyll are found in the application of coconut water and bamboo shoots.

Analysis of the physiological characteristics of plants is important because the analysis includes various observations, calculations, as well as the varying relationships between plant growth and development processes and their results. The purpose of this study was to analyse the physiological characters of two shallot varieties at various watering frequencies. The research design used was a randomized block design with 2 factors, namely shallot varieties (Medan and Bima Brebes) and the frequency of watering (intervals of 1 once a day, once every 3 days, once every 5 days and every 7 days) located in the Greenhouse and Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara in May - September 2019. The results indicated that the Bima Brebes variety produced the highest total chlorophyll, which was significantly different from the Medan variety. The leaves relative water content was not significantly different in the two shallot varieties tested by watering frequency treatment. Watering once in 5 days produced the lowest hydrogen peroxide but produced the highest ascorbate peroxidase enzyme. The activity of the ascorbate peroxidase enzyme was significantly different and had the highest value in the Medan variety, watered with a frequency of once in 5 days.

The application of natural plant growth regulators (PGR) influences the growth of binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis). The objective of the current research is to evaluate the growth component of lowland binahong accessions due to the application of natural PGR of coconut water and banana hump extract. The research used factorial randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was different accessions of binahong from lowlands (Marelan; Ampera Tmur; Helvetia) in the city of Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The second factor was natural PGR, in which we conducted experiments without the application of PGR; 40% coconut water application, banana hump extract 40%; coconut water 40% + banana hump extract 40%. The results showed that the accessions from Ampera Timur had root dry weight that were higher than the other accessions. The treatment of 40% coconut water + banana hump extract 40% increased plant length, and root dry-weight. Interaction of Ampera Timur binahong accession and 40% coconut water + banana hump extract 40% increased shoot dry-weight and root dry-weight.

The chlorophyll content and stomatal density in a plant vary greatly determined by plant genetic factors and plant growth environment. The research was aimed for evaluating and determining the chlorophyll content and stomata density of Medan’s local binahong accessions which are lowlands. The research was conducted by survey method, by taking samples of local Medan binahong leaves, then analysed in a laboratory. Based on survey results, 8 accessions of Medan local binahongs have been obtained. The result of the research indicated that the accession of Medan 2 has the highest total chlorophyll content and stomatal density compared to other accessions. The highest of cuticle thickness was found in Medan 7 accession, while the lowest was in Medan 4 accession.

Water shortage is an environmental stress that affects the growth, quantity and quality of sweet potato production. The study objective was to analyse the effect of drought stress on the quantity and quality of orange-fleshed sweet potato. Field research has been carried out in April to July 2019 in the greenhouse. This research used a randomized block design with two factors, the first factor was sweet potato cultivars (Beta-1 variety, Perbaungan cultivar, Cengkeh Turi cultivar and Tanah Seribu cultivar) and the second factor was drought stress with different watering level namely severe drought (watered until 1 month and until 2 months with 10 days interval, respectively) and control (watered until 4 months with 10 days interval). The results showed that the orange-fleshed sweet potato cultivars produced significantly different average tuber weights, the number of tubers, beta carotene content, starch content and tuber moisture content were not significantly different. Drought stress influences the yield and quality of tubers which causes a very significant decrease in the parameters of number of tuber, tuber weight, beta carotene content, starch content and tuber water content. The higher the level of drought will cause a decrease in the quantity and quality of sweet potato production.

Shade conditions will change the morpho-physiological and biochemical of plants. This study examined the biochemical characteristic changes including four shade soybeans varieties, total leaf sugar, seed protein, and seed fat content. A split-plot factorial design was used in this study with three replications. The treatments consisted of shading level as the main plot with 4 treatment levels, i.e. no shade, 30%, 50%, and 70% shade; soybean varieties as the subplot consisted of four varieties, i.e. Anjasmoro, Pangrango, Tanggamus, and Nanti. Analysis of total leaf sugar was using the total sugar measurement by seed protein and seed fat content measurement was conducted using Proximate Composition Analysis. The results showed an increasement on total leaf sugar in shade condition. The Anjasmoro and Tanggamus varieties produced a lower seed protein and seed fat content compared to the other varieties at all shade levels. In contrast, the Nanti variety showed a high seed protein and seed fat content at all shade level conditions.