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A new experimental rabbit model of acute purulent osteomyelitis is proposed. The model is reproduced by percutaneous introduction of 4 million St. aureus microorganisms into the medullary channel of the femoral bone after aseptic destruction of the bone marrow by ethyl alcohol and hot saline. The model satisfies the demands of good reproduction, reduces probability of contamination of periosteal tissues during intraosteal inoculation and provides reproduction of local inflammation without its generalization which results in reduced number of fatal outcomes among experimental animals.

This work presents some investigation results of lymphoid subpopulation functional activity: Tg+1, Tg-1, Theophylline-resistant and Theophylline-sensitive lymphocytes and O-1 isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with bacterial dysentery (BD) in local xenogenic GVHD. It has been established that Tg+1 and Tg-1 have stimulating effect on local xenogenic GVHD, but O-1 are inert though the quantity of Fcg+--receptor carrying lymphocytes among O-1 in BD and nonspecific ulcerative colitis is increased compared with donors. Theophylline-resistant and Theophylline-sensitive lymphocytes demonstrated inhibiting effect on GVHD formation which was evident in the latter case.

The results of studies of functional activity of lymphocyte subpopulations: theophylline-sensitive (thphs-1) and theophylline-resistant (thphr-1), separated from peripheral blood of healthy people and patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis (NUC) are represented in this paper. The evaluation of the separated subpopulations was performed by local xenogeneic graft-VS-host reaction, study of distribution of nonspecific esterase in cells and determination of relative amount of Fc gamma-R positive lymphocytes among thphs-1 and thphr-1. It was established that lymphocytes of patients with NUC had an alternative form of action on development of xenogeneic graft-VS-host reaction in contrast with cells of donors, that is inhibited the reaction. Among thphr-1 patients with NUC the amount of EC gamma-R cells and cells with diffuse distribution of enzyme with small degree activity was positively increased.

Examined were 134 children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. It was established, that the different outcomes of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis were conditioned by the different in quality variants of the course of the disease with originality of immunologic reactions. In transition of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis to the chronic form at the period of stabilization of acute inflammation in patients, the number of T- and B-lymphocytes, the index of completed phagocytosis remains significantly decreased, and the lysozyme and IgG content of the blood serum--significantly increased.

The planned immunization of children aged 11 years with adsorbed DT vaccine in the years of influenza epidemics produced changes in unspecific resistance, occurring in phases: a decrease at the early postvaccinal period and an increase at the late postvaccinal period. When immunization was carried out, on the average, 10 days before the outbreak of influenza, the increased susceptibility phase coincided with the outbreak of influenza; as a reuslt, morbidity rate among the vaccinated children was 3 times higher than among the nonvaccinated children (P0.05). In children vaccinated, on the average, 30 days before the epidemic rise of influenza morbidity the increased resistance phase coincided with the peak of the epidemic outbreak; such children showed morbidity rate 6 times lower than the children in the control group. Planned immunization with adsorbed DT vaccine at definite seasons is proposed.

A single vaccination of animals with diphtheria-tetanus vaccine caused changes in non-specific resistance of the organism to influenza of phasic character: a reduction of resistance to influenza was observed at the early periods after the vaccination, with its subsequent restoration to the initial level and increase at the remote periods after the immunization. Immunization of children with diphtheria-tetanus vaccine also led to a short-term reduction non-specific resistance to influenza and acute respiratory diseases during the second decade after the vaccination, and its subsequent increase at periods from the 40th to the 60th day.

The authors suggest a fundamentally new method for the diagnosis of a bacterial infection, based on the examination of the neutrophil chemotactic activity towards various species of live bacteria. If the chemotaxis index is less than 1 conditional unit in respect of the tested agent, it indicates the presence of this infection. The method helps improve the accuracy of the examinations, accelerates the identification by 4-40 times as compared to the known technique, permits a correct diagnosis of the associations of agents in a patient, and makes possible to reduce the volume of diagnostic examinations by carrying out purposeful bacteriologic studies.

The level of total Enterobacterial Enterotoxins of the blood serum, of beta-lysins, lysozyme activity, complement and normal antibodies were studied in 191 patients with acute Flexner dysentery and in 285 patients with acute Sonne dysentery, depending on the period of the disease, its severity, the treatment applied, and the species of the causative agent. The level of the nonspecific humoral immunity factors increased before the treatment and its normalization depended on the treatment applied.

Results of the studies of functional activity of lymphocyte subpopulations T+G, T-G, "O" subpopulations isolated peripheral blood of healthy persons and those with nonspecific ulcerative colitis (NUC) have been presented in this paper. The functional activity of the cells was assessed by means of local xenogeneic graft-vs-host reaction performed on CBA mice and by determination of nonspecific esterase enzyme. It has been established that analogous lymphocyte subpopulations influence the graft-vs-host reaction development in different ways depending on the condition of cell donor state: health/pathology. "O" subpopulations isolated from healthy persons hampered the graft-vs-host reaction development, and on the contrary stimulated it in patients with NUC. The assay of nonspecific esterase in lymphocytes showed that the least activity was noted in T+G and "O" cells in nonspecific ulcerative colitis.

The article analyzes post-surgery immunosuppression as judged by the data on the functional activity of peripheral blood monocytes in 34 patients with rheumatic heart disease following its surgical correction. It has been established that prolonged immunosuppression may serve as an additional criterion of myocarditis development in the early post-surgery period.

The functional activity of B and T (helpers and suppressors) lymphocytes was studied in mice with thermal injury covering an area of 10 and 30% of the body surface. Following 10% burn the activity of B lymphocytes and T helpers increased while that of T suppressors dropped down. Insufficiency of T lymphocyte function developed after vast injury. At the same time B cells maintained their ability to form antibodies against sheep red blood cells.

The influence of different peptide fractions obtained from the intact and latex-stimulated neutrophils on the immune response was studied. It was demonstrated that neutrophils after stimulation synthesize the factors activating immune response, the intact neutrophils synthesize the suppressor factors of peptide nature.