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From a different vantage point, stories of migration, deportation, exile and diaspora in the Hebrew Bible have more than a didactic function; rather, they speak to and out of a set core of human experiences that in turn render them relevant across the historical spectrum of human migrations. Thus, rather than survey what the Hebrew Bible says about migration, how might its migrant-likeness compare to contemporary migrant-refugee tactics of survival? This article focuses on the story of baby Moses’s internal migration to the Pharaoh’s palace in Exodus 2 with a view toward the recent mass migration of unaccompanied Central America children to the United States. Through this parallel reading, the aim is to forge a migrant-centric reading of this narrative that casts it not as a birth story but as a relevant migrant-survival story that many unaccompanied Central American children are currently living. In the end, this article argues that by framing Exodus 2 solely as a birth story, readers inevitably foreclose on the possibility of elaborating an interpretation of this narrative that addresses the conflict, loss and trauma of many migrant-refugees in our world today.

In family detention, religious practice does not stand alone as a faith free-zone, but rather unfolds within what Nestor Rodriguez and Cristian Paredes call ‘coercive bureaucracy’ that from its acc...

This chapter examines the British Museum’s adaptation of Western archaeology in ways that appealed to biblical scholars and yet were amenable to the British Imperial State in the late nineteenth century. I contend that the Museum’s version of Western archaeology yielded various alliances with scholarly networks such that their published scholarship served as a vehicle for extending the educational reach of the Museum beyond its physical galleries. From here, this chapter focuses on the biblical scholarship of Samuel Rolles Driver, especially where he references artifacts in the British Museum to support a Eurocentric racial logic. Considered a primer English scholar of the Hebrew Bible, Driver’s published citations of museum artifacts not only conferred scientific authority to his arguments about racial differences but also to the ways in which these objects were racialized in the Museum. Ultimately, this entire interchange benefited the reproduction of elite power at the Imperial State level.

This chapter takes stock of the arguments posed in the book and applies their resulting methodology to the contextualization of any Museum of the Bible. When a Museum of the Bible is approached not as a repository of truth but rather as a constructed world by elite power, then the critical gaze is drawn away from the Bible as icon to the Bible as an instrument for political control. Aligned with wealthy power structures, a Museum of the Bible assumes the role of an ideological workshop that aims to reproduce the Museum’s governing power structures. Essential to this dynamic is the notion that those investing in a Museum of the Bible do so with the expectation that museum operations will in some way bolster their privileged status. In rendering such aims unseen, the Museum relies on the illusionary spectacle of objects to make present the “real world” of the Bible.

This chapter examines the subjective nature of collecting, particularly as it pertains to the Museum’s accumulation of biblical manuscripts and the biblical critic’s scientific quest for the “original” biblical text in the late nineteenth century. I contend that for both the British Museum’s Department of Manuscripts and the modern textual biblical critic, collecting biblical manuscripts was rooted in a Western/European impulse to possess objects in order to construct alternative worlds. Among the primary textual biblical critics this chapter contextualizes in this way is the renowned British New Testament scholar Brooke Foss Westcott. From here, this chapter examines how the British Museum was the nation’s collector par excellence of biblical manuscripts and hence poised to fulfill Westcott’s textual collecting needs. At issue here is how Westcott’s collecting world had to adjust to the collecting universe of the British Museum—sometimes in ways that incited Westcott’s disgruntlement.

This chapter examines the British Museum’s state-sanctioned role as restorer and steward of ancient civilizations, particularly those mentioned in the Bible. In this chapter, I contend that the discovery of antiquities and their import to the Museum relied upon a complex machinery of social affiliations and synchronized networks of political power. Indeed, its acquisition of antiquities in the early nineteenth century marked a relational interplay between Trustees of the British Museum, scientific societies, and antiquarian explorers. This nexus of affiliations went beyond personal curiosities and upkeep of individual social privileges. For the Museum, these networks enabled it to transition from a domicile of curiosities to Britain’s master archive—especially as it pertains to the study of the Bible. In examining the British Museum’s archival development in the early nineteenth century, this chapter also looks at inscriptions of power in its architectural spaces and acquisition practices.

This chapter lays out the particular theories of archive and archival discourse that inform this book’s interrogative impulse and guide its analytical instincts. Starting with Jacques Derrida’s notions of “archive fever” and “archivization,” this chapter traces a contextualizing method among archival theorists that attunes the critical gaze toward the master archive’s indexes of subjectivities. This critical mode points to a shift in critical archival discourse such that it problematizes the way elite power instrumentalizes the archive in order to ensure its reproduction. In the end, this chapter creates a link between historicizing modes of archival theory and the original theory functioning in this book. This theoretical linkage not only points to the governing rationale for the book, but it also sets up this book’s primary focus—to historicize the British Museum in relation to the professionalization and credentialing of the biblical scholar in the nineteenth century.

This chapter focuses on the Museum’s approach to knowledge construction in the mid-nineteenth century. Of particular interest are the 1857 Reading Room and its embodiment of the Museum’s core epistemic preconceptions and educational assumptions. I demonstrate that in the foreground to the Reading Room’s approach to knowledge was a social Darwinist notion that Anglo-Saxon males possessed superior mental capacities, due in large part to their distinctive skull size. I also contend that this sense of cranial superiority was emboldened further by the grandeur of British Imperialism, which, in turn, was inscribed into the Reading Room’s architectural design and spatial logic. As a result, Anglo-Saxon (i.e. white) males were designated as the Reading Room’s ideal readers in that they were the most mentally apt to engage in encyclopedic learning and acquire panoptic knowledge. For female readers in the 1857 Reading Room, the expectations for learning and knowledge production were less ambitious.

Foremost among exilic texts in the Bible are the themes of homeland and journey. Their production bespeaks Israel’s recourse to symbolic and stylized language as a way to give form to personal and collective suffering. Indeed, these texts reflect the enlistment of poetic forms not merely to record a past but to bear the painful marks of Israel’s exile. Hence, what I want to suggest in this chapter are ways in which the exilic themes of homeland and journey constitute a discourse of healing for the lived experiences of exile and captivity. How might contemporary refugees envisage their lived experiences of exile and captivity within the biblical themes of homeland and journey? Moreover, how might their artistic expressions of homeland and journey intersect with and diverge from the exilic texts in the Hebrew Bible? One way I have sought to answer these questions is through an expressive art and social advocacy project called, Arte de Lagrimas: Refugee Artwork Project. In this chapter, I first describe briefly the humanitarian mission and social objectives of this project. Second, I examine two color-drawings of homeland and journey created by Genesis, a nine-year-old asylum-seeking girl from El Salvador. The drawings were completed several hours after she and her family were released from an immigrant detention facility near McAllen, Texas. In my image analysis, I read her artwork not through a clinical or psychoanalytic lens or simply as symptomology of trauma. Rather, I read them through exilic biblical texts of homeland and journey to show that both the refugee artwork and the biblical texts can be regarded as engendering a common language of healing that proceed from the lived experience and memories of exile and captivity.

Anyone attempting to engage Latin America’s contributions to the field of biblical studies for the last fifty years cannot avoid the prolific scholarship of José Severino Croatto. His hermeneutical lens reflects a liberationist “rereading” strategy that ethically aims to privilege the lived experiences of oppressed and disenfranchised peoples of the world. Much of Croatto’s liberationist gaze focused on the Isaianic version of Israel’s “founding” message. Here, he oscillates between social critic and biblical exegete in a way that gives his rereading relevant specificity. As a case study into Croatto’s rereading of the materiality of empire in Isaiah, this essay interrogates his exegesis of empire in Isaiah 47 in order to better understand Croatto’s social critique of modern empire. In the end, Croatto’s assessment of empire has as its primary ethical concern the experiences of the oppressed people of Latin America. This explicit social obligation requires that he distill and sustain in full view the materiality of empire inscribed in Second Isaiah’s rhetoric. To achieve this, he harnesses a “sociopolítico” meaning within the text in such way that he makes accessible a theological rhetoric for critiquing the contemporary reality of empire.

En este artículo se hace un análisis del modelo atómico de Rutherford desde el punto devista histórico-epistemológico. La historia interna que se estudia empieza con el modeloatómico de Thomson, los problemas que presentó y la solución dada por el de Rutherford,y el modelo de Bohr, que resolvió algunas de las preguntas que se suscitaron a partir delmodelo anterior, con la mirada desde la mecánica cuántica.

Fundamentos: Las dificultades para deglutir alimentos y bebidas son un problema en la vida de muchas personas, constituyendo un claro detrimento en su calidad de vida, sobre todo en pacientes ancianos. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es evaluar en pacientes ancianos ambulatorios con disfagia la influencia en variables nutricionales bioquímicas y antropométricas, así como en la calidad de vida de una dieta comercial modificada de textura lista para su uso incluida en la dieta oral de estos pacientes. Métodos: Estudiamos un total de 29 pacientes en la Consultade Nutrición con disfagia y una edad superior a 70años. Los pacientes recibieron una dieta modificada de textura y suplementada con un producto listo para su uso(Resource Ready®) (1.633 kcal, 59,9 g proteínas (16%), 52,1g Lípidos (29%), 231,7 g Hidratos de carbono (57%), 11,1gde Fibra, 82 mg Colesterol). Antes de iniciar la dieta y a los 3 meses de seguimiento a los pacientes se les realizó una analítica, una valoración antropométrica (pliegue tricipital, circunferencia muscular del brazo, circunferencia del brazo, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal), impedanciometría tetrapolar, una encuesta nutricional de 3 días, así como el cuestionario de calidad de vida SF36. Resultados: Se reclutaron un total de 29 pacientes con una distribución por sexo de (18 mujeres y 11 varones), con una edad media de 79,5 ± 8,59 años. Un total de 25,7% presentaban un tumor de vía digestiva alta, un 24% demencia y un 41,3% otras alteraciones neurológicas. Se detectó una mejoría significativa en el peso, masa magra y masa magra de los pacientes tratados, con un aumento significativo de los niveles de proteínas totales, transferrína, albúmina y linfocitos. Las ingestas calórica, proteica, grasa y de hidratos de carbono aumentaron significativamente en términos absolutos. La ingesta calórica corregida por kg de peso mejoró significativamente (26,1 ± 5,7 cal/kg vs 28,9 ± 4,5 cal/kg: p < 0,05). Se detectó una mejoría estadísticamente significativa en lapuntuación media del test de calidad de vida SF 36 (94,7 ± 15 puntos vs 99,3 ± 10 puntos; p < 0,05). Conclusión: Nuestro trabajo muestra como la utilización de productos nutricionales modificados de textura y listos para su uso produce un incremento en la ingesta de esos pacientes con mejoría en parámetros bioquímicos y antropométricos y de la calidad de vida.Background: Decrease in the capacity to deglution solids and liquids is a problem in many people, this problem decreases quality of life. The main objective of our work was to evaluate the influence in elderly ambulatory patients with dysphagia of a texture modified diet ready to use on nutritional parameters and quality of life. Methods: We enrolled 29 patients from Nutrition Departament with dysphagia and an age over 70 years. Patients received a texture modified diet supplemented with dehydrated nutritional products (Resource Ready®) (1,633 kcal, 59,9 g proteins (16%), 52,1 g lipids (29%), 231,7 g carbohydrates (57%), 11,1g de fiber, 82 mg cholesterol). Before and after 3 months of starting the treatment, we recorded a blood analysis, nutritional anthropometric evaluation (tricipital skinfold, midarm circumference, midarm muscle circumference, weight, height and body mass index), a bipolar bioimpedance and a dietary questionnaire of 3 days. SF36 as a questionnaire of quality of life was used before and after nutritional treatment. Results: A total of 29 patients were recluted with a sex distribution of (18 females and 11 males), and an average age of 79,5+8,59 years. A 25,7% of patients had head and neck tumors, a 24% dementia and a 41,3% chronic neurological deterioration. After treatment, we detected an improvement in weight, fat mass, fat free mass, total proteins, albumin, transferrin and lymphocytes. Caloric, protein fat and carbohydrate intakes increased in a significative way. Caloric intake corrected by weight improved (26.1 ± 5.7 cal/kg vs 28.9 ± 4.5 cal/kg: p < 0.05). Quality of life improved significantly (SF 36 score 94.7 ± 15 points vs 99.3 ± 10 points; p < 0.05). Conclusion: A texture modified diet with dehydrated nutritional products improved dietary intake, nutritional status and quality of life of ambulatory elderly patients with dysphagia.

Summary Background Local complications (encapsulation, rashes, rupture, and leakage) can occur after placement of silicone-gel-containing breast implants (SBI). Whether SBI exposure results in systemic manifestations in some recipients is controversial. We have carried out a blinded study to assess whether there is any difference between SBI recipients and non-exposed controls in the proportions positive for serum antibodies directed against polymeric substances. Methods We recruited female SBI recipients (including those without symptoms) who presented to a single rheumatology clinic. A physician global assessment was used to classify SBI recipients who did not meet criteria for specific autoimmune diseases according to the severity of local and systemic signs and symptoms. Controls were recruited from among clinic staff and their acquaintances. Results of the antipolymer antibody (APA) assay were compared with those of an assay for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and with the severity of the signs and symptoms. Findings Positive APA results were found in one (3%) of 34 SBI recipients with limited symptoms, two (8%) of 26 with mild symptoms, seven (44%) of 16 with moderate symptoms, and 13 (68%) of 19 with advanced symptoms. Four (17%) of 23 healthy non-SBI-exposed controls and two (10%) of 20 non-exposed women with classic autoimmune diseases were positive for APA Thus, women with moderate or advanced symptoms were significantly more likely than those with limited or mild symptoms, or non-exposed controls to have APA (p Interpretation The APA assay can objectively contribute to distinguishing between SBI recipients with limited or mild signs and symptoms, SBI recipients with more severe manifestations, and patients with specific autoimmune diseases. Further studies will be needed to define the signs and symptoms associated with exposure to SBI.

Decrease in the capacity to deglution solids and liquids is a problem in many people, this problem decreases quality of life. The main objective of our work was to evaluate the influence in elderly ambulatory patients with dysphagia of a texture modified diet ready to use on nutritional parameters and quality of life.We enrolled 29 patients from Nutrition Department with dysphagia and an age over 70 years. Patients received a texture modified diet supplemented with dehydrated nutritional products (Resource Ready) (1,633 kcal, 59,9 g proteins (16%), 52,1 g lipids (29%), 231,7 g carbohydrates (57%), 11,1g de fiber, 82 mg cholesterol). Before and after 3 months of starting the treatment, we recorded a blood analysis, nutritional anthropometric evaluation (tricipital skinfold, midarm circumference, midarm muscle circumference, weight, height and body mass index), a bipolar bioimpedance and a dietary questionnaire of 3 days. SF36 as a questionnaire of quality of life was used before and after nutritional treatment.A total of 29 patients were recruited with a sex distribution of (18 females and 11 males), and an average age of 79,5+8,59 years. A 25,7% of patients had head and neck tumors, a 24% dementia and a 41,3% chronic neurological deterioration. After treatment, we detected an improvement in weight, fat mass, fat free mass, total proteins, albumin, transferrin and lymphocytes. Caloric, protein fat and carbohydrate intakes increased in a significative way. Caloric intake corrected by weight improved (26.1 +/- 5.7 cal/kg vs 28.9 +/- 4.5 cal/kg: p0.05). Quality of life improved significantly (SF 36 score 94.7 +/- 15 points vs 99.3 +/- 10 points; p0.05).A texture modified diet with dehydrated nutritional products improved dietary intake, nutritional status and quality of life of ambulatory elderly patients with dysphagia.

Few information about descriptive studies of autoimmunity in diabetes mellitus type 1 onset patients and family exist. The aim of our study was to analyze clinical and biochemical parameters of onset diabetes mellitus type 1 patients and first degree families.Forty seven onset diabetes mellitus type 1 patients and 148 first degree families were studied, between January 1999 and December 2002, in the west area of Valladolid. In all cases and families an anthropometric study and biochemical determination with autoimmunity levels were performed.Average age in onset diabetes mellitus type 1 patients was 16.09 (9.36) years, without differences between males (32 cases, 68%) and females (15 cases, 32%), with an incidence of 4.66 cases/100,000 habs./year. Average values of peroxidase antibodies (antiPTO) and glutamic descarboxilase antibodies (antiGAD) were higher in diabetic patients than in families. No differences were detected in insulin antibodies (IAA) and tiroglobuline antibodies (antiTG). No correlation was detected between anti TPO and anti pancreas. Autoantibodies did not influence in glycemic control. Average dose of NPH insulin and regular insulin were 27.58 (13.88) UI/d y 3.05 (4.90) UI/d, respectively.Average age of onset diabetes mellitus type 1 patients was similar than other studies, with a high frequency of males. Values of antiGAD y antiTPO were higher in diabetic patients than families. No correlation between autoimmunity and glycemic control was detected.

Nutritional education is an essential issue for the proper approach to patients. One of the first issues to have in mind is the appropriate nutritional guidelines in theses professionals in their routine life. The aim of out work was to determine the oral intake pattern in a group of health professionals.A 24-hours nutritional survey (encuesta) was performed in a group of 51 health professionals (including both medical and nurse personnel) who attended a course in specialized training in nutrition at Hospital Universitario Río Hortega. All participants had their weight, length, age, and profession recorded. Before complying with diet they received an identification session of alimentary rations.The mean age of participants was 25.9 (5.4) years and they were all women (52.9% nurses and 47.1% physicians). Body mass index (BMI) was 21.9 (2.6). The intake of vitamin D was lower than international recommendations (RDA): 2.25 (3.27) g/day. However, the intake of vitamin C, 183.8 (118) mg/day; vitamin B12, 4.73 (3.18) mg/day; folic acid, 262.4 (126) g/day, and iodine, 310.3 (185) g/day were higher than international recommendations. The caloric intake was appropriate for the age of participants and protein intake was 2-fold above normality 1.66 (0.9) g/ kg/day. Differences were observed only between the group of nurses and physicians regarding iodine intake, slightly higher in the former individuals.In summary, the caloric intake in these health professionals is appropriate, and there is an excess in the intake of proteins, vitamin C, vitamin B12, folic acid and iodine, with a low intake of vitamin D.

Decrease in the capacity to deglutition solids and liquids is a problem in many people, this problem decreases quality of life. The objective of our study is to compare the acceptance of texture modifies courses against conventional courses.A total of 70 patients were studied in our Hospital. First, 35 patients received a modified texture diet with conventional products and the next 35 patients received a modified texture diet with lyophilised products. All patients responded the next questions after to take the diets; texture, taste, smell and color.A total of 70 patients were studied (38 males and 32 females), the mean age was 74.9 +/- 16.8 years, no differences were detected between both groups (76.6 +/- 17.1 years vs 73.7 +/- 16.67 years). Lyophilised diets had better medians than conventional diets in all parameters; taste, smell, color and texture.Acceptance of lyophilised dishes were better than conventional dishes. These products could improve nutritional state in these patients.

It is well known that non-toxic goiter is not uncommon in acromegaly, but hyperthyroidism only occasionally occurs. In addition, the risk for the development of a malignant process is increased, the most often seen is carcinoma of the colon. Thyroid carcinoma is not frequent, nevertheless the rate in these patients is higher than general population. In this article, a case of hyperthyroidism, papillar carcinoma and acromegaly is presented. We reviewed the literature an discussed the possible pathogenesis.

Decrease in the capacity to deglutition solids and liquids is a problem in many people, this problem decreases quality of life. The objective of our work is to evaluate the acceptance degree of a dessert (stewed fruit) (including in the normal diet of the Hospital) in a group of patients with dysphagia.Forty seven patients were studied in Hospital Universitario del Río Hortega (Valladolid) in July of 2000. The main pathology of these patients was; (n = 12) 25.5% acute stroke, (n = 16) 34% aerodigestive tumors (Jarynx carcinoma (n = 5), cavum carcinoma (n = 9), oesophagus carcinoma (n = 2)) and 40.4% (n = 19) chronic neurologic disease (Alzheimer, vascular dementia, and parkinson). All patients took a oral triturated diet, a dessert with apple and pear (Resource fruits Instant). All patients took a portion of the dessert and after that a acceptance questionnaire was filled.Global acceptance of the product was 7.25 +/- 1.5, this punctuation was higher in the tumoral group 8 +/- 1.1 points, 6.86 +/- 1.4 in patients with acute stroke and 6.7 +/- 1.5 in patients with chronic neurologic disease (p0.05). Different organoleptic characteristics were analyzed, mean punctuation in texture was 1.79 +/- 0.6, color 2.2 +/- 0.5, smell 2.24 +/- 0.59 and taste 1.95 +/- 0.61, in a scale of 1 (very good) until 5 (very bad), a total of 57.9% patients responded very good (1) or good (2) in texture scale, 71.1% in color scale, 60.5% in smell scale and 63.2% in taste scale.Acceptance of this product in patients with dysphagia has been elevated, showing useful in these patients with nutrition alterations.

The valuation of nutritional state of an individual is necessary to performed a correct diagnostic approach and therapy in each case. This valuation can be performed by biochemical or anthropometric methods. In our country two tables of anthropometric values are used (Alastrue et al. and Frisancho et al.). The aim of our work was to compare the utility of both tables in the nutritional valuation of a urban and rural population of Valladolid.A total of 110 patients were valued biochemically and anthropometrically, presenting 65.5% pathology tumoral, with a 61.41 +/- 16.73 year old half age.Tricipital pleat classified the patients in a similar way (agreement 76.5%, kappa 0.68), however the muscular circumference of the arm didn't classify the patients in a same way (agreement 23%, kappa 0.02). in the correlation analysis among anthropometrics and biochemical parameters, positive correlations were detected between tricipital pleat and the index of corporal mass with the glucemia and cholesterol values. Positive correlations were also detected between the muscular circumference of the arm and urea and potassium levels.The anthropometric parameters are useful for the nutritional valuation of these patients but it is necessary to keep in mind the possible variations that can exist in function of the used tables. For it Would be useful that each geographical area and each group of pathologies even had its own table of percentiles in its normal population's function.

To analyze the clinical course and laboratory features, as well as the outcome of 6 adult patients with articular manifestations, and evidence of streptococcal infection.A retrospective review was performed of all patients seen in a rheumatology clinic at Louisiana State University Medical Center, with a diagnosis of poststreptococcal reactive arthritis (PSReA) to summarize the clinical features, laboratory findings, and clinical outcome between July 1991 and August 1994.Six patients were identified with PSReA. All had acute, severe inflammatory articular involvement that began shortly after a sore throat, with serological evidence of streptococcal infection, and accompanied by extraarticular clinical manifestations including glomerulonephritis and vasculitis, and poor response to aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. In all cases the echocardiogram was negative, and on followup there was no evidence of cardiac involvement. In these patients antibiotic prophylaxis was not required.The clinical picture and serologic abnormalities exhibited by this group of patients suggest a diagnosis of PSReA rather than acute rheumatic fever. These cases also emphasize the resurgence of poststreptococcal infection related articular manifestations in our clinic population.

An infant with erythematous rash born from a mother with silicone breast implants is described. The diagnosis of possible neonatal lupus was suggested based on the presence of the skin rash and positive Ro/SS-A antibodies in the infant and positive ANA and Ro/SS-A in the mother.