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After more than 50 years of development, the Xianghe station (XH), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been equipped with comprehensive detection capabilities covering from the boundary layer to the middle and upper levels of the atmosphere. As one of the few atmospheric integrated field scientific test stations in the world, XH has joined a number of important networks. Many large international field campaigns have been carried out. Long-term continuous observation data are widely used to study exchange of energy and mass in the middle and upper atmosphere, atmospheric physical chemistry and air quality in the boundary layer, as well as assess and forecast solar energy. We would pursue the continuous development of advanced detection instruments to improve our detection capabilities of the thermodynamic properties of the middle and upper atmosphere as well as the physical and chemical processes within the boundary layer. Observation, testing and research will then be integrated to improve our understanding of the critical processes of the middle atmosphere, weather and climate effect of air pollution control measures, thereby, providing technological support for national climate and environmental diplomacy and national security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mobile Rayleigh temperature lidar was deployed in Golmud (36.25°N 94.54°E), Qinghai in China for making measurements of mesosphere temperature from 55 up to 90 km. The mesospheric thermal structure was obtained during the winter seasons of Year 2013 and Year 2014. At the altitude of 57~79 km, lidar temperatures were much colder than the MSIS-00 model predictions. However, in the lower mesosphere region, lidar measurements were in reasonable agreement compared with the TIMED-SABER satellite data.

Observations of atmospheric CO2 concentration profiles provide significative constraints on the global/regional inversions of carbon sources and sinks. Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a Raman Lidar system to detect the vertical distribution of atmospheric CO2. This paper compared the observations with the modeled results from a three-dimensional global chemistry transport model-GEOS-Chem, which showed a good agreement in the trend of change with lidar measurements. The case study indicated a potential for better simulating vertical distribution of atmospheric CO2 by combining with lidar measurements.

Based on the quality-controlled observational spectral width data of the Beijing Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) radar in the altitudinal range of 3-19.8 km from 2012 to 2014, this paper analyzes the relationship between the proportion of negative turbulent kinetic energy (N-TKE) and the horizontal wind speed/horizontal wind vertical shear domain, and gives the distributional characteristics of atmospheric turbulence parameters obtained by using different calculation models. Three calculation models of the spectral width method were used in this study--namely, the H model (Hocking, 1985), N-2D model (Nastrom, 1997) and D-H model (Dehghan and Hocking, 2011). The results showed that the proportion of N-TKE in the H model increases with the horizontal wind speed and/or the vertical shear of horizontal wind speed, up to 80 %. When the horizontal wind speed is greater than 40 m·s-1, the proportion of N-TKE in the H model is greater than 60 %, and thus the H model is not applicable. When the horizontal wind speed is greater than 20 m s-1, the proportion of N-TKE in the N-2D model and D-H model increases with the horizontal wind speed, independent of the vertical shear of the horizontal wind speed, and the maximum values are 2 % and 4 %, respectively. However, it is still necessary to consider the applicability of the N-2D model and D-H model in some weather processes with strong winds. The distributional characteristics with height of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and the vertical eddy diffusion coefficient Kz derived by the three models are consistent with previous studies. Still, there are differences in the values of turbulence parameters. Also, the range resolution of the radar has little effect on the differences in the range of turbulence parameters' values. The median values of in the H model, N-2D model and D-H model are 10-3.2-10-2.8 m2 s-3, 10-2.8-10-2.4 m2 s-3 and 10-3.0-10-2.5 m2 s-3, respectively. The median values of Kz in these three models are 100.18-100.67 m2 s-1, 100.57-100.90 m2 s-1 and 100.44-100.74 m2 s-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]