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Introduction and objectives: To evaluate compliance with per capita food supply at lunch in daycare centers. Methods: Visits were made on five consecutive days at lunchtime to six daycare centers enrolled in the “Creche com Sabor e Saúde” project (C2S), meaning “Daycare Centers with Taste and Health”. To quantify food portions for different age groups (6-8 months, 9-11 months, 12-23 months, and 24-35 months), each meal component (carbohydrate sources, protein sources, and vegetables) and dessert (fruit) underwent random selection and was weighed three times. The averages obtained were compared to C2S project guidelines for per capita food supply, in line with national and international recommendations. Results: One hundred and forty-five dishes and 244 desserts were analyzed. No dishes were served to infants under nine months. Per capita amounts for protein-supplying foods were fulfilled (9-11 months: 14.2 g; 12-23 months: 20.3 g; 24-35 months: 23.9 g). Carbohydrate-rich foods were provided in quantities exceeding the recommendations, particularly for the 12-23 month age group (62.2 g vs. 40 g). For infants under 12 months, no vegetables were offered, and above this age, the average amount provided fell below the minimum guideline of 20 g (12-23 months: 9.4 g; 24-35 months: 10.8 g). The quantity of fruit offered exceeded the recommendations for the 6-8 month (84.6 g > 30-50 g) and 9-11 month (133.3 g > 40-70 g) age groups, aligning with guidelines for the 12-35 months. Discussion: Daycare centers inconsistently followed per capita food supply guidelines for lunch, with deficits in vegetable intake and excesses in carbohydrate-rich foods and fruit that surpassed the recommended quantities.

In memoriam Radislai Hošek centenarii

The paper evaluates works of ancient authors who mention and provide details of the burial of fallen soldiers in ancient Greece, and then it compares them with preserved archaeological finds. Textual analysis shows a long-term tradition of war graves on battlefields. The commanders of the troops provided funeral services in the first place, as the extradition request of bodies was equal to the recognition of defeat. In most cases both sides had enough time to take care of their fallen after the battle, but there were exceptions when the last honors were rather provisional. In addition to burial directly on the battlefield, it seems that, depending on the circumstances, the removal of the remains to the hometown or burial outside the battlefield and outside the home also applies. The tombstones could have various forms, in the case of collective burials, tumuli with stelae bearing the names of the deceased were preferred, in the case of burial of military commanders, tombstones took the form of a monumental statue. Cremation burial is thought to have prevailed over inhumation.

Abstract With increasing rates of habitat destruction and species loss, ex situ conservation is gaining global momentum and reluctance in relying on ex situ conservation is rapidly giving way to a more optimistic, strategic view. Target 8 of the Global Strategy of Plant Conservation calls for at least 75 percent of threatened plant species in accessible ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and 20 percent of them included in recovery and restoration programs. Here, we provide updated information on Brazil's progress towards Target 8 through a nationwide examination of how many threatened species were conserved in ex situ collections in Brazil. Our data comprised whole plants (living collections), seed (seed banks) and tissue cultures (in vitro). Of the 2,113 threatened species, at least 452 (21.4%) species were conserved in ex situ collections, an increase in 4% of living organisms and 96% of seeds when compared to a previous assessment. Since it is unlikely Brazil will achieve Target 8 by 2020, we also discuss public policies and strategies to help overcome key bottlenecks preventing its achievement and propose revised goals for the GSPC 2020-2030.

Proper assembly of the spindle apparatus is crucially important for faithful chromosome segregation during anaphase. Thanks to the effort over the last decades, we have very detailed information about many events leading to spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, however we still do not understand certain aspects, including, for example, spindle length control. When tight regulation of spindle size is lost, chromosome segregation errors emerge. Currently, there are several hypotheses trying to explain the molecular mechanism of spindle length control. The number of kinetochores, activity of molecular rulers, intracellular gradients, cell size, limiting spindle components, and the balance of the spindle forces seem to contribute to spindle size regulation, however some of these mechanisms are likely specific to a particular cell type. In search for a general regulatory mechanism, in our study we focused on the role of cell size and nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio in this process. To this end, we used relatively large cells isolated from 2-cell mouse embryos. Our results showed that the spindle size upper limit is not reached in these cells and suggest that accurate control of spindle length requires balanced ratio between nuclear and cytoplasmic volumes.

Článok podáva stručnú správu o nových poznatkoch popisujúcich stredovekú zástavbu mesta, získaných predstihovým výskumom v polohe Gazdovský rad. Výskumom boli odkryté základy niekoľkých tehlových stavieb, pozostatky nadzemného dreveného domu, vykurovacie telesá, vrátane samostatne stojacej kupolovitej pece a množstvo keramického materiálu. Nálezy datujeme od vrcholného stredoveku až po novovek. Cieľom bolo rozšíriť poznatky o dosiaľ málo archeologicky preskúmanej lokalite, napriek jej bohatej histórii. V rámci spracovania výsledkov výskumu sa uskutočnila aj dendrochronologická analýza nálezov.