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Montserrat Masip,1,2,* Neus Pagès-Puigdemont,1,2,* Anna López-Ferrer,2,3,* Héctor David de Paz,4,* Esther Serra-Baldrich,2,3,* Lluís Puig,2,3,* Pau Riera1,2,* 1Pharmacy Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; 2Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; 3Dermatology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; 4Outcomes’ 10 (a ProductLife Group Company), Castellón de la Plana, Spain*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Neus Pagès-Puigdemont, Pharmacy Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 81, Barcelona, 08041, Spain, Email NPages@santpau.catPurpose: This study aims to map the clinical pathway for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) in a tertiary hospital to better understand patient needs and experiences, thereby suggesting improvements in patient-centered care.Methods: A mixed-method approach was utilised involving a literature review, a questionnaire for healthcare professionals (HCPs), and two focus groups (one with HCPs and the other with patients with psoriasis or AD). Ethical approvals were obtained, and informed consent was acquired from all participants.Results: Patients and HCPs identified significant delays in the pre-diagnosis phase, extending up to five years for psoriasis and three years for AD, adversely affecting the timely initiation of effective treatment. In addition, there were reported difficulties in obtaining appointments during flares, a lack of dermatologic emergencies, a need to increase human resources and physical space, and a need for telematic consultations for urgent cases. Discrepancies between HCPs’ perceptions and patients’ experiences highlighted unmet needs, particularly in primary care settings and emergency departments. Several strengths were also identified, including satisfactory experience in dermatology, the hospital’s high level of specialisation in the management of complex patients, optimal communication between services, consideration of patient preferences, and proper advice on hospital pharmacy care and administration support of treatment and adherence monitoring.Conclusion: The findings underscore the necessity for interventions to reduce wait times and improve treatment immediacy and effectiveness post-diagnosis. The insights from this study can direct enhancements in patient management and satisfaction for individuals with psoriasis and AD.Plain Language Summary: This study looked into how patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are treated in a tertiary hospital. It focused on understanding the time it takes for patients to receive help and their satisfaction with the care received. By talking to doctors and patients, the researchers learned about the challenges in the early stages of these diseases and the delays in starting treatment or in the treatment process, among others. They discovered that these patients often wait too long before seeing a dermatologist, leading to a delay in treatment access. The study suggests that quicker diagnosis and treatment could improve how these conditions are managed and increase patient satisfaction.Keywords: psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, care pathway, patient centered care

Gemma Camiña-Conforto, Laura Mateu-Arrom, Anna López-Ferrer, Lluís Puig Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainCorrespondence: Gemma Camiña-Conforto, Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Mas Casanovas 90, Bloque A, 5a planta (secretaria Dermatología), Barcelona, 08041, Spain, Tel +34 93 553 7007, Fax +34 93 553 7008, Email gcamina@santpau.catAbstract: Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that significatively impairs patients’ quality of life. Biological treatments are highly effective and safe and have led to breakthroughs in the management of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. However, therapeutic response can be unsatisfactory or lost with time, leading to discontinuation of treatment. Bimekizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits both interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F. The efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis has been demonstrated in Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials. Bimekizumab may offer some advantages over other biological treatments, making it especially indicated for certain patients. This narrative review aims to summarize the latest published evidence on the use of bimekizumab for the treatment of moderate-severe plaque psoriasis, focusing on patient selection and therapeutic perspectives. Bimekizumab has been shown to be more efficacious than adalimumab, secukinumab and ustekinumab in clinical trials, with high estimated probabilities of achieving complete (approximately 60%) or almost complete clearance (approximately 85%) of psoriasis at weeks 10– 16, and a good safety profile. Response to bimekizumab is usually fast and maintained in the long term for both biologic-naive patients and those resistant to previous biologic treatments. The usual maintenance dose of 320 mg every 8 weeks makes bimekizumab especially convenient for non-compliant patients. Moreover, the efficacy and safety of bimekizumab have also been demonstrated in psoriasis affecting challenging-to-treat areas, psoriatic arthritis and hidradenitis suppurativa. In conclusion, dual inhibition of IL-17A and IL-17F with bimekizumab is a good therapeutic option for moderate-to-severe psoriasis.Keywords: psoriasis, bimekizumab, patient selection, interleukin-17, patient compliance, biological therapy

Introducción: las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos es un fenómeno a nivel internacional que provoca cada año miles de enfermos o muertos, con la inclusión de niños y ancianos. La inocuidad de los alimentos es el proceso que garantiza la calidad de estos durante el proceso productivo, almacenamiento y distribución. Evitar afectaciones en este proceso beneficia directamente la calidad de vida sin que represente un riesgo para la salud. Objetivo: ofrecer acciones en el proceso industrial de la Unidad Empresarial de Base Planta de Leche y sus Derivados, perteneciente a la Empresa Productos Lácteos Guantánamo, que permitan la inocuidad de los productos lácteos a partir de insuficiencias identificadas. Método: se realizó un estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo en dicha planta en el periodo 2021-2022, donde participaron 43 obreros (N=43) directamente vinculados con el proceso productivo de los productos lácteos. Se aplicaron el cuestionario y la observación participante para la obtención de la información. Se contó, además, con los criterios y opiniones de cuatros directivos y seis especialistas de la entidad. Resultados: se hallaron limitaciones en la concepción de alternativas que constituyen acciones novedosas para la aplicación en el proceso industrial de resultados de calidad en la inocuidad de los productos lácteos a partir de la obsolescencia de los equipos y los niveles de conocimiento de Regular y Mal en el 100 % de los obreros. Se aplicaron acciones que permitan asegurar la inocuidad. Conclusiones: las acciones que se presentan satisfacen las limitaciones diagnosticadas, corroborada durante el desempeño laboral para satisfacer las demandas sociales de inocuidad.

Objective: To determine which type of feedback (visual, verbal, or both combined) facilitates to a greater extent the learning of a specific skill (passing in volleyball). Methods: Three groups of students between 14 and 15 years of age belonging to the third year of Compulsory Secondary Education in a Spanish public high school (n = 58) were randomly assigned a type of feedback implemented in the part of the syllabus dedicated to volleyball. The students' knowledge, motor performance, accuracy, and self-perception about the action were evaluated before and after the intervention and enjoyment afterwards. Results: All the groups obtained improvements in all the variables studied (p < 0.05); the verbal and visual feedback group was the one that obtained greater improvements, showing also a greater enjoyment than the visual feedback group. Conclusions: It has been found that the use of the combination of verbal and visual feedback is most recommended for learning a specific skill, such as passing in volleyball.

Despite common histogenesis meningiomas have a wide morphologic spectrum, and the World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes 15 subtypes. They are the most common brain tumour in adults and typically have an extra‐axial location. Although there have been important advances in the molecular biology of meningiomas its diagnosis is based on histopathologic features. The great majority are benign WHO grade 1 tumours. There are specific criteria for assigning WHO grade 2 and 3 that can be applied to all meningioma subtypes. Regardless of these criteria, chordoid and clear cell morphologic subtypes are considered grade 2. WHO grade 3 tumours exhibit a very high mitotic index, frank anaplasia or specific molecular abnormalities. The impressive morphologic diversity shown by meningiomas makes them a diagnostic challenge, which can be even greater in intraoperative studies. The focus of this article is to describe and illustrate their main cytologic features, with emphasis on the most infrequent subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paradoxical reactions are defined as adverse effects that manifest as a de novo appearance or the exacerbation of a condition that commonly responds to a certain class of drug. A well-known example of paradoxical reaction is the debut of psoriatic eruptions when patients undergo anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Initially, they were described as isolated events among patients who received the aforementioned drug agents for inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Later, paradoxical reactions have been reported in association with other conditions as psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease and different biologic drugs or classes. Furthermore, paradoxical reactions have been reported with other biologics than TNF-α inhibitors, such as ustekinumab and IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors. Sometimes, differentiating a true paradoxical reaction from a disease flare caused by efficacy loss can be challenging. The hypothesis concerning its pathophysiology consists in an imbalance of the immunity and inflammatory mechanisms and cells implied (cytokines, lymphocytes…). These reactions may hinder proper patient management and result in catastrophic consequences. Thus, close surveillance and early recognition of these drug class effects is crucial.

Background: Xylella fastidiosa is a bacterium considered native to the American continent, which affects the vascular ducts of the xylem, causing diseases with an economically important cost in plantations. This species is distributed in Asia, America and Europe. The bacteria can be transmitted with the help of vector insects. Objective. The objective of this work was to carry out an analysis of the main theoretical and practical aspects of the X. fastidiosa species and its impact on agriculture. Methodology. The method used was a review of the literature and information available on the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa and its subspecies internationally and nationally. Main findings. The first known syndrome caused by this bacterium was described in 1892 by Newton Barris Pierce, when a strange pathology devastated thousands of hectares of vine in Los Angeles. In Mexico, Pierce's disease was detected in 1980 in vineyards in Baja California Norte and in 1995 in vineyards in Valle de Guadalupe, in the municipality of Ensenada, Baja California. X. fastidiosa entered the genomic era when in the year 2000 the first genome of a bacterium associated with plants, the 9a5c strain of Citrus Variegated Chlorosis, was sequenced. Since the first half of the 1990s, specific PCR primers have been used to identify X. fastidiosa from infected plants. Implications. Six subspecies of Xylella fastidiosa are currently considered: fastidiosa, multiplex, sandyi, tashke, pauca and morus; fastidiosa and pauca specifically affect citrus fruits and the related insect vectors are: Bucephalagonia xanthohis, Diloboterus costalimaik, Acrogonia citrina, Oncometopia facialis, Ferrariana trivittata, Plesiommata corniculata, Homalodisca ignorata, Parathona virescens, Sonesimia groscens and Acrogonia virescens. Once the insect contains the bacteria, at least 200 viable bacteria are enough to infect the target plant. Conclusions. Currently there are still no solutions or established techniques to fully protect plantations, it is important to strengthen surveillance to limit the spread. DNA-based molecular biology is a valuable tool for the detection and characterization of X. fastidiosa.

Background: Tildrakizumab is a humanized, IgG1/κ antibody that interacts with the p19 subunit of interleukin 23. It is approved for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. Real‐world evidence on the effectiveness and safety of tildrakizumab is limited. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and safety of tildrakizumab at 24 weeks in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis in routine clinical practice. Methods: Retrospective, observational, multicentre study including adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis treated with tildrakizumab under real‐life conditions. Patient data were extracted from anonymized electronic medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS22. Results: A total of 190 patients were included. About 53.9% were men with a mean age of 51.45 (SD 3.9) and a mean BMI of 29.13 (SD 6.21). About 79.8% (132 out of 190) of patients had previously received biological therapy (BT) and 17.3% (33 out of 191) had psoriatic arthritis. Baseline PASI was 10.7 (SD 6.53). Up to 109 patients reached Week 24 and at this point mean baseline PASI decreased to 1.7 (SD 4.8), representing an 88.79% mean PASI reduction. At 6 months, 87.1% and 40.3% of the treated patients achieved PASI ≤3 and ≤1, respectively. At Week 24 mean BSA decreased from 13.2 (SD 10.07) to 1.6 (SD 4.40) and mean DLQI went from 12.5 (SD 7.12) to 1.2 (SD 3.27). Multivariate analysis showed no differences when effectiveness was correlated with gender, obesity, psoriatic arthritis or prior exposure to BT. The rate of adverse events (AE) was 5.9% (11 out of 190), where infections were the most frequent AE (4 out of 11). One patient suffered a haemorrhagic ictus and one patient died due to causes unrelated to the study. Conclusion: Tildrakizumab was effective and safe in a large cohort of patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis treated in a routine clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural and cocoa agroforestry systems are important for food production and biodiversity conservation. Among this diversity there is a group of fungi of the genus Trichoderma that present antagonistic effects against phytopathogens and this action can be used as a form of biological control of plant pathogens. In the agroforestry-cacao system the diseases with the highest frequency and with the greatest impact on cocoa production (Theobroma cacao) are black rot (Phytophthora spp.), Broom broom (Moniliophthora perniciosa) and moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri). The objective of this work was to perform an analysis of the main theoretical and practical aspects about the genus Trichoderma and its role in agriculture as an antagonistic agent. One of the microscopic features in the delimitation of the genus, especially by the presence of structures called phalid. The antagonistic mechanisms used by Trichoderma spp. Are described as competition, antibiosis and mycoparasitism. Mycoparasitism is having a relevance on the implications of extracellular enzymes such as chitinases, cellulases, β-1-3-glucanases and proteases that lyse or digest the walls of fungi, Moniliophthora roreri disease. This fungus can inhibit the growth of other fungi and bacteria by producing several volatile and non-volatile secondary metabolites. On the other hand, it participates in the production of regulators of growth and stimulation of the division, differentiation and cellular growth in the plant by the elicitor agent. Trichoderma species that are commercialized for biological control, growth promoter and biofertilizer are T. viride, T. polysporum and T. harzianum. The T. virens and T. harzianum species are most used for the antagonistic control of M. roreri, Phytophthora spp., and M. perniciosa in agroforestry-cacao systems (Theobroma cacao L.) with optimal results to the inhibitory effect for these diseases.