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Sclerosing pneumocytoma is an uncommon pulmonary tumor which generally behaves benignly and occurs predominately in women. Rarely, it is associated with neuroendocrine proliferations such as hyperplasia, tumorlets and carcinoid tumors, which may be observed in relation to the tumor or in the distant lung parenchyma; the mechanism underlying this neuroendocrine differentiation is not clear. We present a case of a 33 year-old male with sclerosing pnemocytoma with coexistent neuroendocrine hyperplasia and combined carcinoid tumorlets. Taking into account the pluripotentiality of the round cells present in the sclerosing pneumocytoma, with positive staining for stem cells markers, it is possible that the different components of this neoplasia share a common origin, in accordance with previously reported findings., (Copyright © 2020 Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The risk of secondary tumors in patients who have received mediastinal radiation therapy is well-known. Microglandular adenosis of the breast is a rare lesion that is considered benign, although its possible role as a precursor of invasive breast carcinoma has been considered. We present a case of microglandular adenosis in a patient who received mediastinal radiation therapy in childhood for Hodgkin's lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of microglandular adenosis in a patient with mediastinal radiotherapy which may shed light on its pathogenesis., (Copyright © 2020 Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Ewing's sarcoma family of tumours (ESFT) comprises a group of small round cell tumours (SRCT) genetically defined by specific chromosomal translocations resulting in a fusion of the EWSR1 gene with a member of the ETS family of transcription factors. Atypical ESFT are the most challenging of the ESFT subtypes, and the differential diagnosis with other SRCT of bone and soft tissue is difficult since these subtypes can resemble other neoplasms. The present article describes nine cases of genetically confirmed, atypical ESFT, having unusual alterations at morphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) levels associated with atypical clinical presentation mimicking sarcomas, carcinomas and lymphomas. Present results demonstrate that ESFT showing overlapping morphological and immunohistochemical features with other SRCT of soft tissue and bone, or even with carcinomas or lymphoma, can be differentiated using molecular techniques. In SRCT with EWSR1 translocation demonstrated by FISH, the RT-PCR analysis of specific sarcoma-related gene fusion can offer important clues for the diagnosis of specific entities, especially in tumours with unusual histopathology and/or IHC findings. Thus, we confirm that the integration of clinical, histopathological, IHC and genetic data becomes decisive in the diagnosis of bone and soft tissue sarcomas.

The pathogenesis of pituitary tumours is far to be understood. Pituitary transforming tumour gene (PTTG), a gen that induces aneuploidy, genetic instability, cellular proliferation and to stimulate angiogenesis, has been involved in neoplasic transformation and shown overexpressed in many neoplasm as lung, breast, endometrium, thyroid and colon malignant tumours. On the other hand, PTTG has been inconsistently studied in pituitary tumours. The majority of studies have been performed in animals and there is a great variability in the methods used in its determination. The goal of this review is to resume the role of PTTG in tumourogenesis and critically to revise the studies published in humans in order to advance in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas and to find clinical useful predictors of the behavior of these tumours., (Copyright 2010 Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)