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6. Q Methodology: A Method for Understanding Complex Viewpoints in Communities Served by Extension

Author

Lien, Aaron M., Ruyle, George, and López-Hoffman, Laura

Abstract

This article introduces Q methodology, an idea-sorting activity that can help Extension improve outreach and education on new and contentious issues. Q methodology is a helpful tool when Extension professionals are confronted with controversial or complex resource management challenges. Through the analysis of a simple card-sorting exercise, researchers can determine quantitatively and qualitatively how different issues combine to result in (a) an individual's viewpoint on an issue and (b) groupings of different viewpoints within a community. We describe the basic approach to implementing Q methodology and suggest circumstances in which it can help facilitate Extension outreach and education.

Published
2018

8. Distance decay and directional diffusion of ecoclimate teleconnections driven by regional-scale tree die-off

Author

Feng, Xiao, primary, Swann, Abigail L S, additional, Breshears, David D, additional, Baldwin, Elizabeth, additional, Cheng, Haotian, additional, Derbridge, Jonathan J, additional, Fei, Chengcheng, additional, Lien, Aaron M, additional, López-Hoffman, Laura, additional, McCarl, Bruce, additional, McLaughlin, Danielle M, additional, and Soto, José R, additional

Published
2023
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11. Interregional flows of ecosystem services: Concepts, typology and four cases

Author

Schröter, Matthias, Koellner, Thomas, Alkemade, Rob, Arnhold, Sebastian, Bagstad, Kenneth J., Erb, Karl-Heinz, Frank, Karin, Kastner, Thomas, Kissinger, Meidad, Liu, Jianguo, López-Hoffman, Laura, Maes, Joachim, Marques, Alexandra, Martín-López, Berta, Meyer, Carsten, Schulp, Catharina J.E., Thober, Jule, Wolff, Sarah, and Bonn, Aletta

Published
2018
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16. Addressing structural hurdles for metadata extraction from environmental impact statements.

Author

Laparra, Egoitz, Binford‐Walsh, Alex, Emerson, Kirk, Miller, Marc L., López‐Hoffman, Laura, Currim, Faiz, and Bethard, Steven

Subjects
PHONOLOGICAL awareness, METADATA, LINGUISTICS, INFORMATION resources management, MACHINE learning, DOCUMENTATION, LEARNING strategies, RESEARCH funding, VOCABULARY
Abstract

Natural language processing techniques can be used to analyze the linguistic content of a document to extract missing pieces of metadata. However, accurate metadata extraction may not depend solely on the linguistics, but also on structural problems such as extremely large documents, unordered multi‐file documents, and inconsistency in manually labeled metadata. In this work, we start from two standard machine learning solutions to extract pieces of metadata from Environmental Impact Statements, environmental policy documents that are regularly produced under the US National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. We present a series of experiments where we evaluate how these standard approaches are affected by different issues derived from real‐world data. We find that metadata extraction can be strongly influenced by nonlinguistic factors such as document length and volume ordering and that the standard machine learning solutions often do not scale well to long documents. We demonstrate how such solutions can be better adapted to these scenarios, and conclude with suggestions for other NLP practitioners cataloging large document collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. Using ecosystem services to identify inequitable outcomes in migratory species conservation

Author

Chester, Charles C., primary, Lien, Aaron M., additional, Sundberg, Juanita, additional, Diffendorfer, Jay E., additional, Gonzalez‐Duarte, Columba, additional, Mattsson, Brady J., additional, Medellín, Rodrigo A., additional, Semmens, Darius J., additional, Thogmartin, Wayne E., additional, Derbridge, Jonathan J., additional, and López‐Hoffman, Laura, additional

Published
2022
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21. A review of the heterogeneous landscape of biodiversity databases:Opportunities and challenges for a synthesized biodiversity knowledge base

Author

Feng, Xiao, Enquist, Brian J., Park, Daniel S., Boyle, Brad, Breshears, David D., Gallagher, Rachael V., Lien, Aaron, Newman, Erica A., Burger, Joseph R., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Li, Yaoqi, Huynh, Kimberly M., Ernst, Kacey, Baldwin, Elizabeth, Foden, Wendy, Hannah, Lee, Jørgensen, Peter M., Kraft, Nathan J. B., Lovett, Jon C., Marquet, Pablo A., McGill, Brian J., Morueta-Holme, Naia, Neves, Danilo M., Núñez-Regueiro, Mauricio M., Oliveira-Filho, Ary T., Peet, Robert K., Pillet, Michiel, Roehrdanz, Patrick R., Sandel, Brody, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Šímová, Irena, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Violle, Cyrille, Weitemier, Trang D., Wiser, Susan, López-Hoffman, Laura, Feng, Xiao, Enquist, Brian J., Park, Daniel S., Boyle, Brad, Breshears, David D., Gallagher, Rachael V., Lien, Aaron, Newman, Erica A., Burger, Joseph R., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Li, Yaoqi, Huynh, Kimberly M., Ernst, Kacey, Baldwin, Elizabeth, Foden, Wendy, Hannah, Lee, Jørgensen, Peter M., Kraft, Nathan J. B., Lovett, Jon C., Marquet, Pablo A., McGill, Brian J., Morueta-Holme, Naia, Neves, Danilo M., Núñez-Regueiro, Mauricio M., Oliveira-Filho, Ary T., Peet, Robert K., Pillet, Michiel, Roehrdanz, Patrick R., Sandel, Brody, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Šímová, Irena, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Violle, Cyrille, Weitemier, Trang D., Wiser, Susan, and López-Hoffman, Laura

Abstract

Aim: Addressing global environmental challenges requires access to biodiversity data across wide spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales. Availability of such data has increased exponentially recently with the proliferation of biodiversity databases. However, heterogeneous coverage, protocols, and standards have hampered integration among these databases. To stimulate the next stage of data integration, here we present a synthesis of major databases, and investigate (a) how the coverage of databases varies across taxonomy, space, and record type; (b) what degree of integration is present among databases; (c) how integration of databases can increase biodiversity knowledge; and (d) the barriers to database integration. Location: Global. Time period: Contemporary. Major taxa studied: Plants and vertebrates. Methods: We reviewed 12 established biodiversity databases that mainly focus on geographic distributions and functional traits at global scale. We synthesized information from these databases to assess the status of their integration and major knowledge gaps and barriers to full integration. We estimated how improved integration can increase the data coverage for terrestrial plants and vertebrates. Results: Every database reviewed had a unique focus of data coverage. Exchanges of biodiversity information were common among databases, although not always clearly documented. Functional trait databases were more isolated than those pertaining to species distributions. Variation and potential incompatibility of taxonomic systems used by different databases posed a major barrier to data integration. We found that integration of distribution databases could lead to increased taxonomic coverage that corresponds to 23 years’ advancement in data accumulation, and improvement in taxonomic coverage could be as high as 22.4% for trait databases. Main conclusions: Rapid increases in biodiversity knowledge can be achieved through the integration of databases, providing the data

Published
2022

23. A review of the heterogeneous landscape of biodiversity databases: Opportunities and challenges for a synthesized biodiversity knowledge base

Author

Feng, Xiao, primary, Enquist, Brian J., additional, Park, Daniel S., additional, Boyle, Brad, additional, Breshears, David D., additional, Gallagher, Rachael V., additional, Lien, Aaron, additional, Newman, Erica A., additional, Burger, Joseph R., additional, Maitner, Brian S., additional, Merow, Cory, additional, Li, Yaoqi, additional, Huynh, Kimberly M., additional, Ernst, Kacey, additional, Baldwin, Elizabeth, additional, Foden, Wendy, additional, Hannah, Lee, additional, Jørgensen, Peter M., additional, Kraft, Nathan J. B., additional, Lovett, Jon C., additional, Marquet, Pablo A., additional, McGill, Brian J., additional, Morueta‐Holme, Naia, additional, Neves, Danilo M., additional, Núñez‐Regueiro, Mauricio M., additional, Oliveira‐Filho, Ary T., additional, Peet, Robert K., additional, Pillet, Michiel, additional, Roehrdanz, Patrick R., additional, Sandel, Brody, additional, Serra‐Diaz, Josep M., additional, Šímová, Irena, additional, Svenning, Jens‐Christian, additional, Violle, Cyrille, additional, Weitemier, Trang D., additional, Wiser, Susan, additional, López‐Hoffman, Laura, additional, and Hurlbert, Allen, additional

Published
2022
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32. A review of the heterogeneous landscape of biodiversity databases: opportunities and challenges for a synthesized biodiversity knowledge base

Author

Maitner, Brian, Pillet, Michiel, López-Hoffman, Laura, Enquist, Brian, Lovett, Jon, Baldwin, Elizabeth, Wiser, Susan, Šímová, Irena, Roehrdanz, Patrick, Burger, Joseph, Breshears, David, Lien, Aaron, Sandel, Brody, Serra-Diaz, Josep, Boyle, Bradley, Morueta-Holme, Naia, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Li, Yaoqi, Jørgensen, Peter, Violle, Cyrille, Park, Daniel, Newman, Erica, Marquet, Pablo, Huynh, Kimberly, Ernst, Kacey, Feng, Xiao, Kraft, Nathan, Neves, Danilo, Gallagher, Rachael, Nunez-Regueiro, Mauricio, Hannah, Lee, Weitemier, Trang, Peet, Robert, Merow, Cory, McGill, Brian, Foden, Wendy, and Oliveira-Filho, Ary

Subjects
bepress|Life Sciences, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology|Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Aim Addressing global environmental challenges requires access to biodiversity data across wide spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales. Availability of such data has increased exponentially recently with the proliferation of biodiversity databases. However, heterogeneous coverage, protocols, and standards have hampered integration among these databases. To stimulate the next stage of data integration, here we present a synthesis of major databases, and investigate (a) how the coverage of databases varies across taxonomy, space, and record type; (b) what degree of integration is present among databases; (c) how integration of databases can increase biodiversity knowledge; and (d) the barriers to database integration. Location Global. Time period Contemporary. Major taxa studied Plants and vertebrates. Methods We reviewed 12 established biodiversity databases that mainly focus on geographic distributions and functional traits at global scale. We synthesized information from these databases to assess the status of their integration and major knowledge gaps and barriers to full integration. We estimated how improved integration can increase the data coverage for terrestrial plants and vertebrates. Results Every database reviewed had a unique focus of data coverage. Exchanges of biodiversity information were common among databases, although not always clearly documented. Functional trait databases were more isolated than those pertaining to species distributions. Variation and potential incompatibility of taxonomic systems used by different databases posed a major barrier to data integration. We found that integration of distribution databases could lead to increased taxonomic coverage that corresponds to 23 years’ advancement in data accumulation, and improvement in taxonomic coverage could be as high as 22.4% for trait databases. Main conclusions Rapid increases in biodiversity knowledge can be achieved through the integration of databases, providing the data necessary to address critical environmental challenges. Full integration across databases will require tackling the major impediments to data integration: taxonomic incompatibility, lags in data exchange, barriers to effective data synchronization, and isolation of individual initiatives.

Published
2021

33. Payments for Ecosystem Services

Author

Nabhan, Gary P., primary, López-Hoffman, Laura, additional, Gosnell, Hannah, additional, Goldstein, Josh, additional, Knight, Richard, additional, Presnall, Carrie, additional, Gwin, Lauren, additional, Thilmany, Dawn, additional, and Charnley, Susan, additional

Published
2014
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36. Guidance for assessing interregional ecosystem service flows

Author

Koellner, Thomas, Bonn, Aletta, Arnhold, Sebastian, Bagstad, Kenneth J., Fridman, Dor, Guerra, Carlos A., Kastner, Thomas, Kissinger, Meidad, Kleemann, Janina, Kuhlicke, Christian, Liu, Jianguo, López-Hoffman, Laura, Marques, Alexandra, Martín-López, Berta, Schulp, Catharina J.E., Wolff, Sarah, Schröter, Matthias, Koellner, Thomas, Bonn, Aletta, Arnhold, Sebastian, Bagstad, Kenneth J., Fridman, Dor, Guerra, Carlos A., Kastner, Thomas, Kissinger, Meidad, Kleemann, Janina, Kuhlicke, Christian, Liu, Jianguo, López-Hoffman, Laura, Marques, Alexandra, Martín-López, Berta, Schulp, Catharina J.E., Wolff, Sarah, and Schröter, Matthias

Abstract

Ecosystem services (ES)assessments commonly focus on a specific biophysical region or nation and take its geographic borders as the system boundary. Most geographical regions are, however, not closed systems but are open and telecoupled with other regions, such that the use of ES in one location is dependent on ecosystem processes and ecological management in other locations. Interregional ES flows often affect national economies and may trigger issues of national security and global equity. To date, however, methodologies for assessing interregional flows of ES have been published in dispersed literature. This paper provides a three-step guidance for how to assess four different types of interregional ES flows (traded goods, passive biophysical flows, species migration and dispersal as well as information flows). This guidance is intended to complement national and regional ecosystem assessments. The three steps are to (i)define the goal and scope of interregional ES flow assessments, (ii)quantify the interregional ES flows using a tiered approach and (iii)interpret results in terms of uncertainties, consequences and governance options. We compile different indicators for assessing interregional ES flows and evaluate their suitability for national and regional ES assessments. Finally, to assess the implications of interregional ES flows for environmental sustainability and human well-being, we relate our flow indicators to the Sustainable Development Goals. This guidance towards systematic assessment of interregional ES flows provides a first step to measure and quantify externalised environmental costs and can contribute to the development of indicators to address interregional imbalances in trade, foreign policy and beyond.

Published
2019
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37. Guidance for assessing interregional ecosystem service flows

Author

Koellner, Thomas, primary, Bonn, Aletta, additional, Arnhold, Sebastian, additional, Bagstad, Kenneth J., additional, Fridman, Dor, additional, Guerra, Carlos A., additional, Kastner, Thomas, additional, Kissinger, Meidad, additional, Kleemann, Janina, additional, Kuhlicke, Christian, additional, Liu, Jianguo, additional, López-Hoffman, Laura, additional, Marques, Alexandra, additional, Martín-López, Berta, additional, Schulp, Catharina J.E., additional, Wolff, Sarah, additional, and Schröter, Matthias, additional

Published
2019
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42. Crops in a Changing World: Hidden Forest-Agriculture Teleconnections

Author

López-Hoffman, Laura, primary, Feng, Xiao, additional, Huang, Ta-Ken, additional, Lien, Aaron, additional, Swann, Abigail L. S., additional, Breshears, David D., additional, Soto, Jose R., additional, Baldwin, Elizabeth, additional, Nunez-Regueiro, Mauricio, additional, Dang, Trang, additional, Park, Daniel S., additional, Merideth, Robert, additional, Ferguson, Daniel, additional, Enquist, Brian, additional, and Ernst, Kacey, additional

Published
2018
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43. Ecosystem service flows from a migratory species: Spatial subsidies of the northern pintail

Author

Bagstad, Kenneth J., primary, Semmens, Darius J., additional, Diffendorfer, James E., additional, Mattsson, Brady J., additional, Dubovsky, James, additional, Thogmartin, Wayne E., additional, Wiederholt, Ruscena, additional, Loomis, John, additional, Bieri, Joanna A., additional, Sample, Christine, additional, Goldstein, Joshua, additional, and López-Hoffman, Laura, additional

Published
2018
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44. Incentives for Ecosystem Services on Rangelands: Institutional Design and Stakeholder Attitudes

Author

Ruyle, George, López-Hoffman, Laura, Schlager, Edella, Sheridan, Thomas, Crimmins, Michael, Lien, Aaron Matthew, Ruyle, George, López-Hoffman, Laura, Schlager, Edella, Sheridan, Thomas, Crimmins, Michael, and Lien, Aaron Matthew

Abstract

Payments for ecosystem services (PES), or conservation incentives, are an increasingly popular approach to encouraging natural resources conservation on private lands. The goal of PES approaches is to motivate conservation by private landowners that would not otherwise take place by providing an economic incentive. To achieve this goal, incentive programs must be available to landowners who can provide the desired services; supportive policy structures must be in place; landowners must be willing to participate as sellers of ecosystem services; and the program itself must have an institutional structure that effectively regulates the production, sale, and maintenance of targeted ecosystem services. This dissertation uses a combination of case study and comparative research methods to develop new knowledge and tools for assessing each of these necessary conditions for success. The potential development of an incentive program to conserve habitat for endangered jaguars in southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico is used as a case study to understand the attitudes of ranchers toward participation in PES programs and related policies and regulations. Results show that ranchers have strong intrinsic conservation motivations unrelated to economic incentives, coupled with significant concerns about the impacts of government regulations that could accompany participation in a PES program. Comparative research of the institutional structures of existing PES programs is carried out using the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. Focusing on water quality trading, one of the most common types of PES program, a classification system for PES program institutional arrangements is developed and the utility of the classification system for analyzing institutional diversity is demonstrated. Together, the case study and comparative research provide a means of linking empirical assessment of PES governance models with the preferences of targeted participants, increasin

Published
2017

46. Quantitative tools for implementing the new definition of significant portion of the range in the U.S. Endangered Species Act

Author

Earl, Julia E., primary, Nicol, Sam, additional, Wiederholt, Ruscena, additional, Diffendorfer, Jay E., additional, Semmens, Darius, additional, Flockhart, D. T. Tyler, additional, Mattsson, Brady J., additional, McCracken, Gary, additional, Norris, D. Ryan, additional, Thogmartin, Wayne E., additional, and López-Hoffman, Laura, additional

Published
2017
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48. Estimating the per‐capita contribution of habitats and pathways in a migratory network: a modelling approach

Author

Wiederholt, Ruscena, primary, Mattsson, Brady J., additional, Thogmartin, Wayne E., additional, Runge, Michael C., additional, Diffendorfer, Jay E., additional, Erickson, Richard A., additional, Federico, Paula, additional, López‐Hoffman, Laura, additional, Fryxell, John M., additional, Norris, D. Ryan, additional, and Sample, Christine, additional

Published
2017
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49. Restoring monarch butterfly habitat in the Midwestern US: ‘all hands on deck’

Author

Thogmartin, Wayne E, primary, López-Hoffman, Laura, additional, Rohweder, Jason, additional, Diffendorfer, Jay, additional, Drum, Ryan, additional, Semmens, Darius, additional, Black, Scott, additional, Caldwell, Iris, additional, Cotter, Donita, additional, Drobney, Pauline, additional, Jackson, Laura L, additional, Gale, Michael, additional, Helmers, Doug, additional, Hilburger, Steve, additional, Howard, Elizabeth, additional, Oberhauser, Karen, additional, Pleasants, John, additional, Semmens, Brice, additional, Taylor, Orley, additional, Ward, Patrick, additional, Weltzin, Jake F, additional, and Wiederholt, Ruscena, additional

Published
2017
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