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3. Size fractionated carbonaceous and iron oxides particles in urban environments in France and Senegal associated with intense emission sources.

Author

Delville, Laurence, primary, Léon, Jean-François, additional, Macouin, Mélina, additional, Tastevin, Yann-Philippe, additional, Gueye, Mayoro, additional, Proietti, Arnaud, additional, Laffont, Laure, additional, Rousse, Sonia, additional, Dias-Alves, Maria, additional, Demory, François, additional, Rochette, Pierre, additional, Henrique da Silva Chibane, Pedro, additional, Teixera Ustra, Andrea, additional, and Drigo, Loïc, additional

Published
2024
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6. Variability of Aerosol Optical Depth and Altitude for Key Aerosol Types over Southern West Africa via CALIPSO/CALIOP Observations.

Author

Niamien, Adou F., Léon, Jean-François, Adon, Marcellin, Rajot, Jean-Louis, Feron, Anaïs, and Yoboué, Véronique

Subjects
*AEROSOLS, *DUST, *ALTITUDES, *TROPOSPHERIC aerosols
Abstract

The atmosphere of southern West Africa (SWA) is one of the world's most aerosol-laden regions. This study investigated the seasonal variability of aerosol optical thickness using photometric and CALIPSO/CALIOP observations. The mean daily aerosol optical thickness (AOD) at 550 nm over the 11 AERONET stations in SWA ranged from 0.35 in the Sahel area to 0.49 in the Guinea coast area and a maximum of 0.53 observed in the Savanna area. The AERONET and CALIOP observations reveal a seasonal variability of AOD that is comparable across all sub-regions studied. The seasonal variation of the AOD spectral dependency was related to the change in the occurrence of the CALIOP-derived aerosol types, and in particular to the contribution of dust to the AOD. We also observed a north–south gradient of 2 km in the mean extinction height of the dust layer, being at 4 km and 6 km high in the Sahel and Guinea areas, respectively. This gradient is attributed to the northward migration of the monsoon flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Quantifying particulate matter optical properties and flow rate in industrial stack plumes from PRISMA hyperspectral imager.

Author

Calassou, Gabriel, Foucher, Pierre-Yves, and Léon, Jean-François

Subjects
PARTICULATE matter, OPTICAL flow, PROPERTIES of matter, OPTICAL properties, INDUSTRIAL sites, SOOT
Abstract

Industrial activities such as metallurgy, coal and oil combustion, cement production and petrochemistry release aerosol particles into the atmosphere. We propose to analyze the aerosol composition of plumes emitted by different industrial stacks using PRISMA (PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa) satellite hyperspectral observations. Three industrial sites have been observed: a coal-fired power plant in Matla, South Africa (imaged on September 25, 2021), a steel plant in Wuhan, China (March 24, 2021), and gas flaring at an oil extraction site in Hassi Messaoud, Algeria (July 9, 2021). 5 Below-plume surface reflectances are constrained using a combination of PRISMA and Sentinel-2/MSI images. The radiative transfer simulations are performed for each scene including the surface, background atmosphere, and plume optical properties. The plume aerosol optical thickness (AOT), particle radius, volume of coarse mode aerosol and soot are then retrieved within the plumes following an optimal estimation framework. The mean plume retrieved AOT at 500nm ranges between 0.27 and 1.27 and the median radius between 0.10 µm and 0.12 µm. We found a volume fraction of soot of 3.6% and 10.4% in the 10 sinter plant and coal-fired plant plumes, respectively. The mass flow rate of particulate matter at point source estimated by an integrated mass enhancement method varies from 511 g s1 for the flaring emission to 1401 g s-1 at the coal-fired plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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11. Aerosol Analysis and Forecast in the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System: Evaluation by Means of Case Studies

Author

Mangold, Alexander, De Backer, Hugo, Delcloo, Andy, De Paepe, Bart, Dewitte, Steven, Chiapello, Isabelle, Derimian, Yevgeny, Kacenelenbogen, Meloe, Léon, Jean-Francois, Huneeus, Nicolas, Schulz, Michael, Ceburnis, Darius, O’Dowd, Colin, Flentje, Harald, Kinne, Stefan, Benedetti, Angela, Morcrette, Jean-Jacques, Boucher, Olivier, Steyn, Douw G., editor, and Trini Castelli, Silvia, editor

Published
2012
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12. Retrieval of Aerosol Properties

Author

de Leeuw, Gerrit, Kinne, Stefan, Léon, Jean-Francois, Pelon, Jacques, Rosenfeld, Daniel, Schaap, Martijn, Veefkind, Pepijn J., Veihelmann, Ben, Winker, David M., von Hoyningen-Huene, Wolfgang, Burrows, John P., editor, Borrell, Peter, editor, and Platt, Ulrich, editor

Published
2011
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15. An Agent-Based Model for a participatory network of air quality sensors on bicycles

Author

Coisne, Nathan, Léon, Jean-François, Verstaevel, Nicolas, Gaudou, Benoit, Kaddoum, Elsy, Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Frédéric Amblard, Kevin Chapuis, Alexis Drogoul, Benoit Gaudou, Dominique Longin, Nicolas Verstaevel, and GAUDOU, BENOIT

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Synthetic population, Bicycle traffic, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], Air quality, [INFO.INFO-MA] Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Agent based simulation, Urban pollution, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Urban mobility, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience; Excessive concentrations of pollutants in the urban air are regularly observed, posing a long-term danger to the health of inhabitants. Monitoring the quality of urban air is therefore a very important issue to help stakeholders to take appropriate measures (reduction of road traffic...). The urban spatial distribution of air pollution is very heterogeneous and evolves rapidly over time. It is therefore important to develop reliable, fast, and spatially spread measurement methods. This last criterion is often hard to implement. For example, air quality measuring stations are very accurate, but their measurements are too local to obtain information on areas with no station. In this work, we propose to study the usage of residents' daily bicycle traffic as a participatory network of air quality sensors, providing volunteer cyclists with an air quality sensor to use during their daily commute. To evaluate the effectiveness of such a network, we choose to build a multi-agent simulation based on the GAMA development environment that models a group of bicycle-mounted sensors mapping urban air quality. Traces of urban air quality collected by the sensors are then used to infer air quality at the city level. Results are compared with actual data from public air administration. The model simulates the daily mobility of a synthetic population of cyclists in the city. The population (with age, activity, location) is created from census data provided by the INSEE French institute, trips data coming from House trip surveys of Mobiliscope (https://mobiliscope.cnrs.fr), and from geolocalized, time-stamped and anonymized travel data from private companies. The simulated daily routes of the bicycles are associated with pollution levels (NO2 and particulate matter PM10) provided by a state-of-the art urban air quality model. The synthetic observations recorded along the bike trips are complemented by geographical information (height of buildings, natural areas, distance to highway, ...) that are obtained through Geographical information systems (GIS) and further used as predictor variables in a land use regression (LUR) model. The dataset of synthetic information is used to infer a critical number of bicycles that would be required for an optimal assessment of the intra-urban air quality. To this end, we process the collected pollution data, for each time step, with extrapolation algorithms (eg. LUR) of the measured pollution concentrations and the city environment. For example, the distance of a point to primary roads is a relevant indicator for determining NO2 concentration. Thus, by performing a regression to estimate the relationship between the distance to the main roads and NO2 concentration, we can predict the NO2 concentration at unmeasured points. Moreover, the impact of the cyclists' circadian rhythm on the monitoring of the daily cycle of pollutants is investigated. We also evaluate the opportunity for cross-calibrating the mobile sensors during the biker's Rendez-vous based on the daily agenda of the different biker categories.

Published
2021

17. PM 2.5 surface concentrations in southern West African urban areas based on sun photometer and satellite observations

Author

Léon, Jean-François, Akpo, Aristide Barthélémy, Bedou, Mouhamadou, Djossou, Julien, Bodjrenou, Marleine, Yoboué, Véronique, Liousse, Cathy, Akpo, Aristide, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Abstract. Southern West Africa (SWA) is influenced by large numbers of aerosol particles of both anthropogenic and natural origins. Anthropogenic aerosol emissions are expected to increase in the future due to the economical growth of African megacities. In this paper, we investigate the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the coastal area of the Gulf of Guinea using sun photometer and MODIS satellite observations. A network of lightweight handheld sun photometers have been deployed in SWA from December 2014 to April 2017 at five different locations in Côte d'Ivoire and Benin. The handheld sun photometer measures the solar irradiance at 465, 540 and 619 nm and is operated manually once per day. Handheld-sun-photometer observations are complemented by available AERONET sun photometer observations and MODIS level 3 time series between 2003 and 2019. MODIS daily level 3 AOD agrees well with sun photometer observations in Abidjan and Cotonou (correlation coefficient R=0.89 and RMSE = 0.19). A classification based on the sun photometer AOD and Ångström exponent (AE) is used to separate the influence of coarse mineral dust and urban-like aerosols. The AOD seasonal pattern is similar for all the sites and is clearly influenced by the mineral dust advection from December to May. Sun photometer AODs are analyzed in coincidence with surface PM2.5 concentrations to infer trends in the particulate pollution levels over conurbations of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) and Cotonou (Benin). PM2.5-to-AOD conversion factors are evaluated as a function of the season and the aerosol type identified in the AE classification. The highest PM2.5 concentrations (up to 300 µg m−3) are associated with the advection of mineral dust in the heart of the dry season (December–February). Annual means are around 30 µg m−3, and 80 % of days in the winter dry season have a value above 35 µg m−3, while concentrations remain below 16 µg m−3 from May to September. No obvious trend is observed in the 2003–2019 MODIS-derived PM2.5 time series. However the short dry period (August–September), when urban-like aerosols dominate, is associated with a monotonic trend between 0.04 and 0.43 µgm-3yr-1 in the PM2.5 concentrations over the period 2003–2017. The monotonic trend remains uncertain but is coherent with the expected increase in combustion aerosol emissions in SWA.

Published
2021

18. PM2.5 surface concentrations in southern West African urban areas based on sun photometer and satellite observations

Author

Léon, Jean-François, Akpo, Aristide Barthélémy, Bedou, Mouhamadou, Djossou, Julien, Bodjrenou, Marleine, Yoboué, Véronique, Liousse, Cathy, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; Abstract. Southern West Africa (SWA) is influenced by large numbers of aerosol particles of both anthropogenic and natural origins. Anthropogenic aerosol emissions are expected to increase in the future due to the economical growth of African megacities. In this paper, we investigate the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the coastal area of the Gulf of Guinea using sun photometer and MODIS satellite observations. A network of lightweight handheld sun photometers have been deployed in SWA from December 2014 to April 2017 at five different locations in Côte d'Ivoire and Benin. The handheld sun photometer measures the solar irradiance at 465, 540 and 619 nm and is operated manually once per day. Handheld-sun-photometer observations are complemented by available AERONET sun photometer observations and MODIS level 3 time series between 2003 and 2019. MODIS daily level 3 AOD agrees well with sun photometer observations in Abidjan and Cotonou (correlation coefficient R=0.89 and RMSE = 0.19). A classification based on the sun photometer AOD and Ångström exponent (AE) is used to separate the influence of coarse mineral dust and urban-like aerosols. The AOD seasonal pattern is similar for all the sites and is clearly influenced by the mineral dust advection from December to May. Sun photometer AODs are analyzed in coincidence with surface PM2.5 concentrations to infer trends in the particulate pollution levels over conurbations of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) and Cotonou (Benin). PM2.5-to-AOD conversion factors are evaluated as a function of the season and the aerosol type identified in the AE classification. The highest PM2.5 concentrations (up to 300 µg m−3) are associated with the advection of mineral dust in the heart of the dry season (December–February). Annual means are around 30 µg m−3, and 80 % of days in the winter dry season have a value above 35 µg m−3, while concentrations remain below 16 µg m−3 from May to September. No obvious trend is observed in the 2003–2019 MODIS-derived PM2.5 time series. However the short dry period (August–September), when urban-like aerosols dominate, is associated with a monotonic trend between 0.04 and 0.43 µgm-3yr-1 in the PM2.5 concentrations over the period 2003–2017. The monotonic trend remains uncertain but is coherent with the expected increase in combustion aerosol emissions in SWA.

Published
2021

20. PM2.5 Magnetic Properties in Relation to Urban Combustion Sources in Southern West Africa

Author

Leite, Aruã da Silva, primary, Léon, Jean-François, additional, Macouin, Melina, additional, Rousse, Sonia, additional, Trindade, Ricardo Ivan Ferreira da, additional, Proietti, Arnaud, additional, Drigo, Loïc, additional, Antonio, Paul Yves Jean, additional, Akpo, Aristide Barthélémy, additional, Yoboué, Véronique, additional, and Liousse, Cathy, additional

Published
2021
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21. Physico-chemical characterization of urban aerosols from specific combustion sources in West Africaat Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire and Cotonou in Benin in the frame of DACCIWA program

Author

Adon, Aka Jacques, Liousse, Catherine, Doumbia, Elhadji Thierno, Baeza-Squiban, Armelle, Cachier, Hélène, Léon, Jean-François, Yoboué, Véronique, Akpo, Aristique Barthel, Galy-Lacaux, Corinne, Guinot, Benjamin, Zoutien, Cyril, Xu, Hongmei, Gardrat, Eric, Keita, Sekou, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère et de Mécanique des Fluides (LPA-MF), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Huazhong Agricultural University [Wuhan] (HZAU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Huazhong Agricultural University

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

International audience; Urban air pollution in West Africa has yet to be well characterized. In the frame of DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) program , intensive measurement campaigns were performed in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) and Cotonou (Benin), in dry (Jan-uary 2016 and 2017) and wet (July 2015 and 2016) seasons, at different sites chosen to be representative of African urban combustion sources, i.e., domestic fires (ADF), traffic (AT) and waste burning (AWB) sources in Abidjan and traffic source in Cotonou (CT). Both the size distribution of particulate matter (PM) and their chemical composition including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble inorganic ions (WSI) and trace metals were examined. Results show very high PM concentrations at all sites and a well-marked seasonality as well as a strong spatial variation. The average PM 2.5 mass concentrations during the wet season are 517.3, 104.1, 90.3, and 69.1 µg m −3 at the ADF, CT, AT, and AWB sites, respectively. In the dry season, PM 2.5 concentrations decrease to 375.7 µg m −3 at the ADF site, while they increase to 269.7, 141.3, and 175.3 µg m −3 at the CT, AT, and AWB sites, respectively. The annual PM 2.5 levels at almost all sites are significantly higher than the WHO guideline level of 10 µg m −3. As for PM mass, (EC) and (OC) concentrations are also maximal at the ADF site, accounting for up to 69 % of the total PM mass. Such a high content is mainly linked to wood burning for domestic cooking and commercial food smoking activities. Dust contributions are dominant at CT (57 %-80 %), AT (20 %-70 %), and AWB (30 %-69 %) sites and especially in the coarse and fine-particle modes at the CT site and in the coarse fraction at the AT site, which may be explained by the impact of long-range desert-dust transport and resuspended particles from the roads, in addition to anthro-pogenic sources. The contributions of WSI to the total PM mass, mainly driven by chloride, nitrate, and calcium in the fine and/or large particles, are highly variable according to the sites but remain less than 30 %. Values are generally 1-3 times higher in the wet season than in the dry season. This is due not only to anthropogenic emissions but also to nitrate formation by reaction processes and natural emissions. The concentrations of trace elements reflect well the trends in dust at the traffic and AWB sites, with a predominance Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 5328 A. J. Adon et al.: Physico-chemical characterization of urban aerosols of Al, Na, Ca, Fe, and K, keys markers of crustal dust. This study constitutes an original database that characterizes specific African combustion sources.

Published
2020

27. Personal exposure to PM2.5 emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in southern West Africa: chemical characteristics and associated health risks

Author

Xu, Hongmei, Léon, Jean-François, Liousse, Cathy, Guinot, Benjamin, Yoboué, Véronique, Akpo, Aristide Barthélémy, Adon, Jacques, Ho, Kin Fai, Ho, Steven Sai Hang, Li, Lijuan, Gardrat, Eric, Shen, Zhenxing, Cao, Junji, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Huazhong Agriculture University, Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère [Abidjan], Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique du Rayonnement (LPR), Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], and Desert Research Institute (DRI)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

28. Personal exposure to PM 2.5 emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in southern West Africa: chemical characteristics and associated health risks

Author

Xu, Hongmei, Léon, Jean-François, Liousse, Cathy, Yoboué, Véronique, Akpo, Aristide Barthélémy, Adon, Jacques, Ho, Kin Fai, Ho, Steven Sai Hang, Li, Lijuan, Gardrat, Eric, Shen, Zhenxing, Cao, Junji, Kadaikar, Aysha, Trocan, Maria, Amiel, Frédéric, Conde-Cespedes, Patricia, Oliver, Gilles, Thibaudon, Michel, Sarda-Esteve, Roland, Baisnee, Dominique, Mari, Xavier, Guinot, Benjamin, Thuoc, Chu Van, Brune, Justine, Lefebvre, Jean-Pierre, Angia Sriram, Pradeep Ram, Raimbault, Patrick, Dittmar, Thorsten, Niggemann, Jutta, Huazhong Agriculture University, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère [Abidjan], Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Institut Supérieur d'Electronique de Paris (ISEP), Département d'électonique, Institut Supérieur d'Electronique de Paris-ISEP, Réseau National de Surveillance Aérobiologique [Brussieu, France] (RNSA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UR 103 (IRD), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie et de biogéochimie (LOB), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

29. PM2.5 surface concentrations in southern West African urban areas based on sun photometer and satellite observations.

Author

Léon, Jean-François, Akpo, Aristide Barthélémy, Bedou, Mouhamadou, Djossou, Julien, Bodjrenou, Marleine, Yoboué, Véronique, and Liousse, Cathy

Abstract

Southern West Africa (sWA) is influenced by large amounts of aerosol particles of both anthropogenic and natural origins. Anthropogenic aerosol emissions are expected to increase in the future due to the economical growth of African megacities. In this paper, we investigate the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the coastal area of the Gulf of Guinea using sun photometer and MODIS satellite observations. We use a lightweight handheld sun photometer measuring the solar irradiance at 465, 540 and 619 nm operated manually every day from December 2014 to April 2017 at 5 different locations in Côte d'Ivoire and Bénin. Handheld sun photometer observations are complemented by available AERONET sun photometer observations and MODIS level 3 time series between 2003 and 2018. MODIS daily level 3 AOD agrees well with sun photometer observations in Abdidjan and Cotonou (correlation coefficient R = 0.89 and RMSE = 0.19). A classification based on the Angstrom Exponent is used to separate the influence of coarse mineral dust and urban-like aerosols. The AOD seasonal pattern is similar for all the sites and is clearly influenced by the mineral dust advection from December to May. AODs are analyzed in coincidence with surface PM2.5 concentrations to infer trends in the particulate pollution levels over conurbation of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) and Cotonou (Bénin). PM2.5 to AOD conversion factors are evaluated as a function of the season and the aerosol type identified in the AE classification. Highest PM2.5 concentrations (up to 300 µg/m3) are associated to the advection of mineral dust in the heart of the dry season (December-February). From December to March the median concentration above Abidjan and Cotonou is around 40 µg/m3, while it is around 20 µg/m3 during the rest of the year. Considering only the days during which the AOD belongs to the urban-like aerosol category, we observe a significant trend S = 0.32 µg/m3/year in the PM2.5 concentrations over the period 2003-2017. This trend leads to an increase of 5 ± 3 µg/m3 over 15 years and is coherent with the expected increase in combustion aerosol emissions in sWA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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30. Supplementary material to "Personal exposure to PM2.5 emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in Southern West Africa (SWA): Chemical characteristics and associated health risks"

Author

Xu, Hongmei, primary, Léon, Jean-François, additional, Liousse, Cathy, additional, Guinot, Benjamin, additional, Yoboué, Véronique, additional, Akpo, Aristide Barthélémy, additional, Adon, Jacques, additional, Ho, Kin Fai, additional, Ho, Steven Sai Hang, additional, Li, Lijuan, additional, Gardrat, Eric, additional, Shen, Zhenxing, additional, and Cao, Junji, additional

Published
2018
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31. Personal exposure to PM2.5 emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in Southern West Africa (SWA): Chemical characteristics and associated health risks

Author

Xu, Hongmei, primary, Léon, Jean-François, additional, Liousse, Cathy, additional, Guinot, Benjamin, additional, Yoboué, Véronique, additional, Akpo, Aristide Barthélémy, additional, Adon, Jacques, additional, Ho, Kin Fai, additional, Ho, Steven Sai Hang, additional, Li, Lijuan, additional, Gardrat, Eric, additional, Shen, Zhenxing, additional, and Cao, Junji, additional

Published
2018
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32. Mass concentration, optical depth and carbon composition of particulate matter in the major southern West African cities of Cotonou (Benin) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)

Author

Djossou, Julien, primary, Léon, Jean-François, additional, Akpo, Aristide Barthélemy, additional, Liousse, Cathy, additional, Yoboué, Véronique, additional, Bedou, Mouhamadou, additional, Bodjrenou, Marleine, additional, Chiron, Christelle, additional, Galy-Lacaux, Corinne, additional, Gardrat, Eric, additional, Abbey, Marcellin, additional, Keita, Sékou, additional, Bahino, Julien, additional, Touré N'Datchoh, Evelyne, additional, Ossohou, Money, additional, and Awanou, Cossi Norbert, additional

Published
2018
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33. Mass concentration, optical depth and carbon composition of particulate matter in the major Southwestern Africa cities of Cotonou (Benin) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)

Author

Djossou, Julien, primary, Léon, Jean-François, additional, Liousse, Cathy, additional, Akpo, Aristide, additional, Yoboué, Véronique, additional, Bedou, Mouhamadou, additional, Bodjrenou, Marleine, additional, Chiron, Christelle, additional, Galy-Lacaux, Corinne, additional, Gardrat, Eric, additional, Abbey, Marcellin, additional, Keita, Sékou, additional, Bahino, Julien, additional, Touré N'Datchoh, Evelyne, additional, Ossohou, Money, additional, and Awanou, Cossi Norbert, additional

Published
2017
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35. Characterization of Saharan dust ageing over the western Mediterranean Basin during a multi-intrusion event in June 2013 in the framework of the ADRIMED/ChArMEx campaign

Author

Barragan, Ruben, Sicard, Michaël, Totems, Julien, Léon, Jean-François, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Dulac, François, Mallet, Marc, Pelon, Jacques, Alados-Arboledas, Lucas, Amodeo, Aldo, Granados-Muñoz, María José, Boselli, Antonella, Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio, Muñoz-Porcar, Constantino, Chazette, Patrick, Comerón, Adolfo, D'Amico, Giuseppe, Wang, Xuan, Mona, Lucia, Pappalardo, Gelsomina, Remote Sensing Laboratory [Barcelona] (RSLab), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Fisica Aplicada [Granada], Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (IMAA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Potenza] (CNR), Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze FIsiche della Materia (CNISM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), and Universidad de Granada (UGR)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; In the framework of the ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment, http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr/) initiative, a field campaign took place in the western Mediterranean Basin between 10 June and 5 July 2013 within the ADRIMED (Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact on the regional climate in the MEDiterranean region) project. The scientific objectives of the campaign were the characterization of the different aerosol types found over the Mediterranean Sea and the calculation of their direct radiative forcing (column closure and regional scale). Two super-sites (Ersa, Corsica Island, France, and Lampedusa Island, Italy) were equipped with a complete set of instruments to measure in-situ aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties, as well as aerosol mixing state and vertical distribution and radiative fluxes. Four secondary sites were operated in Granada (Spain), Menorca Island (Spain), Rome (Italy) and Lecce (Italy). All sites were equipped with AERONET sunphotometers. The ground observations were supported by airborne measurements including 2 SAFIRE aircraft (ATR-42 equipped with in situ measurements (10 June – 5 July) and Falcon-20 (17 June – 5 July) with the LNG aerosol lidar) and sounding and drifting balloons launched by CNES from Menorca Island and carrying the LOAC particle counter/sizer (16 June – 4 July). Satellite products from MODIS, MSG/SEVIRI and CALIOP provided additional observations. In several occasions corresponding to aerosol loads of different types, the aircraft flew near EARLINET/ACTRIS (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network / Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network, http://www.actris.net/) lidar stations. This work is focused on a moderate multi-intrusion Saharan dust event occurred over the western Mediterranean Basin (WMB) during the period 14 – 27 June. The dust plumes were detected by the EARLINET stations of Granada, Barcelona, Naples, Potenza, Lecce and Serra la Nave (Sicily) and by the ChArMEx lidar stations of Menorca, Ersa and Lampedusa. The dust origin is chronologically identified from northern Morocco, center Algeria and center Tunisia. The multi-intrusion aspect of the event results in aerosol optical depth peaks higher in the eastern part of the WMB (maximum of 0.45 at 440 nm detected in Lecce) than in the western part of the WMB where the event starts (maximum of 0.29 at 440 nm detected in Granada). The spatio-temporal evolution of the plumes during their transport and the differences due to the different dust origins are investigated with multi-wavelength ground-based lidars, sun-photometers, the airborne lidar and balloon-borne aerosol counters.

Published
2015

36. Personal exposure to PM2.5 emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in Southern West Africa (SWA): Chemical characteristics and associated health risks.

Author

Hongmei Xu, Léon, Jean-François, Liousse, Cathy, Guinot, Benjamin, Yoboué, Véronique, Akpo, Aristide Barthélémy, Adon, Jacques, Kin Fai Ho, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Lijuan Li, Gardrat, Eric, Zhenxing Shen, and Junji Cao

Abstract

Urbanisation is a strongly emerging issue in Southern West African (SWA) region. There is a general lack of understanding about the personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), its chemical components and health risks related to the various anthropogenic sources in this region. In the current study, personal exposure to PM2.5 (PE PM2.5) sampling was for the first time carried out in dry season (January) and wet season (July) of 2016 to characterize PE PM2.5 from Domestic Fires (DF) for women and Waste Burning (WB) for students in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire and Motorcycle Traffic (MT) for drivers in Cotonou, Benin. The average PE PM2.5 mass concentrations were 331.7 ± 190.7, 356.9 ± 71.9 and 242.8 ± 67.6 µg m-3 at DF, WB and MT for women, students and drivers, which were 2.4, 10.3 and 6.4 times of the ambient PM2.5 concentrations, respectively. Mean concentrations of PE PM2.5 at DF (358.8 ± 100.5 µg m-3), WB (494.3 ± 15.8 µg m-3) and MT (335.1 ± 72.1 µg m-3) were much elevated in dry season, 15 % higher than that at DF and 55 % higher at both WB and MT. The changes in PE PM2.5 can be attributed to the source emissions, meteorological factors and personal activities. The results also show that geological material (35.8 %, 46.0 % and 42.4 %) and organic matter (34.1 %, 23.3 % and 24.9 %) were always the major components in PE PM2.5 at DF, WB and MT sites. It is worth noting that the contribution to PE PM2.5 from heavy metals was higher at WB (1.0 %) than at DF (0.7 %) and MT (0.4 %), which was influenced by the waste burning emission strongly, leading to the highest heavy metal non-cancer risks for students (5.1 and 4.8 times of women and drivers' non-cancer risks). In organic species of PE PM2.5, some fingerprints can be used to quantify the exposure concentrations and trace the source contributions from local typical anthropogenic sources to different samples. Women exposure concentration to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 at DF (77.4 ± 47.9 ng m-3) was 1.6 times that for students at WB (49.9 ± 30.7 ng m-3) and 2.1 times for drivers at MT (37.0 ± 7.4 ng m-3), which is related to the solid fuels burning and grilling meat activities, resulting in 5 times higher of cancer risk safety threshold (1 x 10-6) to women. Phthalate esters (PAEs), commonly used as plasticizers in many products, were observed to be extremely high in student exposure PM2.5 samples (1380.4 ± 335.2 ng m-3) at WB site, owing to the waste burning emission obviously. Drivers exposure to fossil fuel emission (especially traffic) markers-hopanes in PE PM2.5 at MT (50.9 ± 7.9 ng m-3) was 2.0-2.3 times higher than women at DF (17.1 ± 6.4 g m-3) and students at WB (15.6 ± 6.1 ng m-3), correlating with the elevated exposure to traffic emissions for drivers. Overall, the study shows that wood combustion, waste burning, fugitive dust and motor vehicle emissions dominated PE PM2.5 mass and contributed to its toxicities mainly. Heavy metals and organic chemicals in PE PM2.5 in SWA brought about Pb and Mn non-cancer health risks for students at WB site and serious PAHs cancer risks for women at DF site via inhalation pathway. This study provides basic data and initial perspective of PM2.5 personal exposure and health risk assessment in underdeveloped area to encourage the government to improve the air quality and living standard of residents in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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37. Interactions aérosols-rayonnement-climat en région méditerranéenne : Impact de l'effet radiatif direct sur le cycle de l'eau

Author

Mallet, Marc, primary, Dulac, François, additional, Nabat, Pierre, additional, Formenti, Paola, additional, Sciare, Jean, additional, Roberts, Greg, additional, Denjean, Cyrielle, additional, Pelon, Jacques, additional, Tanré, Didier, additional, Parol, Frédéric, additional, Ancellet, Gérard, additional, Auriol, Frédéric, additional, Blarel, Luc, additional, Bourrianne, Thierry, additional, Brogniez, Gérard, additional, Chazette, Patrick, additional, Chevaillier, Servanne, additional, Claeys, Marine, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, D'Anna, Barbara, additional, Derimian, Yevgeny, additional, Desboeufs, Karine, additional, Doussin, Jean-François, additional, Durand, Pierre, additional, Féron, Anaïs, additional, Ferré, Hélène, additional, Fleury, Laurence, additional, Freney, Evelyn, additional, Goloub, Philippe, additional, Grand, Noël, additional, Hamonou, Éric, additional, Jankowiak, Isabelle, additional, Jeannot, Matthieu, additional, Lambert, Dominique, additional, Léon, Jean-François, additional, Mailler, Sylvain, additional, Menut, Laurent, additional, Momboisse, Géraud, additional, Nicolas, José, additional, Podvin, Thierry, additional, Pont, Véronique, additional, Rea, Géraldine, additional, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Roblou, Laurent, additional, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Sicard, Michaël, additional, Solmon, Fabien, additional, Somot, Samuel, additional, Torres, Benjamin, additional, Totems, Julien, additional, Triquet, Sylvain, additional, Verdier, Nicolas, additional, Verwaerde, Christian, additional, and Vignelles, Damien, additional

Published
2015
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38. Low troposphere monitoring with TRAQ mission

Author

Phulpin, T., Beghin, B., Hebert, P., Camy-Peyret, Claude, Clerbaux, Cathy, Hadji-Lazaro, Juliette, Coheur, Pierre-François, Léon, Jean-François, Lavanant, L., Levelt, P. F., Laboratoire de Physique Moleculaire pour l'Atmosphere et l'Astrophysique (LPMAA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Météorologie Spatiale, Direction des Opérations pour la Prévision (DIROP), Météo-France -Météo-France, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), and Météo France

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS
Abstract

TRAQ is a mission offering the opportunity of improving our knowledge on Air Quality but also allowing to define the characteristics of a future operational mission within the GMES framework.

Published
2006

39. Mass concentration, optical depth and carbon composition of particulate matter in the major Southwestern Africa cities of Cotonou (Benin) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire).

Author

Djossou, Julien, Léon, Jean-François, Liousse, Cathy, Akpo, Aristide, Yoboué, Véronique, Bedou, Mouhamadou, Bodjrenou, Marleine, Chiron, Christelle, Galy-Lacaux, Corinne, Gardrat, Eric, Abbey, Marcellin, Keita, Sékou, Bahino, Julien, N'Datchoh, Evelyne Touré, Ossohou, Money, and Awanou, Cossi Norbert

Abstract

Air quality degradation is a major issue in the large conurbations on the shore of the gulf of Guinea. We present for the first time PM2.5 time series collected in Cotonou, Benin and Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire from February 2015 to March 2017. Measurements were performed in the vicinity of major combustion aerosol sources: Cotonou/Traffic (CT), Abidjan/Traffic (AT), Abidjan/Waste Burning (AWB) and Abidjan/Domestic Fires (ADF). We report the weekly PM2.5 mass and carbonaceous content as Elemental (EC) and organic (OC) carbon concentrations. We also proceed to the measurements of the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and the Angström exponent in both cities. The average PM2.5 mass concentrations were 32 ± 32 μg/m3, 32 ± 24 μg/m3, 28 ± 19 μg/m3 at traffic sites CT and AT and waste burning site AWD, respectively. The domestic fire site shows concentration of 145 ± 69 μg/m3 due the contribution of smoking and grilling activities. The highest OC and EC concentrations were also measured at ADF at 71 ± 29 μg/m3 and 15 ± 9 μg/m3, respectively. While the other sites present OC concentration between 8 and 12 μg/m3 and EC concentrations between 2 and 7 μg/m3. The OC / EC ratio is 4.3 at CT and 2.0 at AT. This difference highlighs the influence of 2-wheels vehicles using 2-stoke mix in Cotonou compared to Abidjan. AOD were rather similar in both cities with a mean value of 0.58 in Cotonou and 0.68 in Abidjan. The seasonal cycle is dominated by the large increase in surface mass concentration and AOD during the main dry season (Dec.-Feb.) as expected due to mineral dust advection and biomass burning activities. The lowest concentrations are observed during the minor dry season (Aug.-Sept.) due to an increase in surface wind speed leading to a better ventilation. On the other hand, the high PM2.5 / AOD ratio in the minor wet season (Oct.-Nov.) indicates the stagnation of local pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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40. Variability of Mediterranean aerosols properties at three regional background sites in the western Mediterranean Basin

Author

Sicard, Michaël, additional, Totems, Julien, additional, Barragan, Rubén, additional, Dulac, François, additional, Mallet, Marc, additional, Comerón, Adolfo, additional, Alados-Arboledas, Lucas, additional, Augustin, Patrick, additional, Chazette, Patrick, additional, Léon, Jean-François, additional, Olmo, Francisco José, additional, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, additional, and Rocadenbosch, Francesc, additional

Published
2014
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41. Scientific Committee

Author

Mougenot, Bernard, Lacaze, Bernard, Veroustraete, Frank, Demaze, Moise Tsayem, Oszwald, Johan, Mouillot, Florent, Maille, Eric, Boucher, Olivier, Leon, Jean François, Frejafon, Emeric, De Michele, Marcello, Jappiot, Marielle, Lacroix, Pascal, Allemand, Pascal, Delorme, Arthur, Rouzeau, Olivier, Andreoli, Rémi, Pirard, Eric, Desprats, Jean-François, Froger, Jean Luc, Villeneuve, Nicolas, Dessay, Nadine, Betbeder, Julie, Amsallem, Jennifer, Vignoles, Cécile, Vanwanbeke, Sophie, Baghdadi, Nicolas, and Zribi, Mehrez

Published
2016
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