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2. Avis. Risques zoonotiques et traumatiques liés aux contacts des enfants avec les animaux de compagnie non traditionnels (ACNT)

Author

Angot, Jean-Luc, Bachy, Véronique, Bassot, Gérard, Bégué, Pierre, Bourhy, Hervé, Bouzouaya, Moncef, Brugère-Picoux, Jeanne, Buisson, Yves, Chatry, Arnaud, Chippaux, Jean-Philippe, Chomel, Bruno, Choutet, Patrick, Favennec, Loïc, Frottier, Jacques, Hascoët, Jean-Michel, Ksas, Rémi, Larréché, Sébastien, Lécu, Alexis, Mammeri, Mohamed, Philippon, Alain, Risi, Emmanuel, and Rosolen, Serge

Published
2024
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3. Contributors

Author

Adamovicz, Laura A., primary, Ahlstrom, Christina A., additional, Allender, Matthew C., additional, Anderson, Neil E., additional, Arnemo, Jon M., additional, Atwood, Todd C., additional, Backues, Kay A., additional, Baitchman, Eric, additional, Ballard, Jennifer R., additional, Barbon, Alberto Rodriguez, additional, Binkley, Laura E., additional, Blyde, David, additional, Brenner, Deena, additional, Brock, A. Paige, additional, Buss, Peter E., additional, Calderón-Hernández, Alejandra, additional, Carpenter, James W., additional, Catenacci, Lilian Silva, additional, Causton, Charlotte, additional, Chai, Norin, additional, Charpentier, Thomas, additional, Chinnadurai, Sathya K., additional, Clancy, Meredith M., additional, Clauss, Marcus, additional, Clifford, Deana L., additional, Conde, Dalia A., additional, Cranfield, Michael, additional, Cushing, Andrew, additional, Dadone, Liza, additional, David, Hugo, additional, Deem, Sharon L., additional, Desbiez, Arnaud L.J., additional, Dislich, Mathias, additional, Dowling, Katherine, additional, Drew, Mark L., additional, Lawrenz, Arne, additional, Duncan, Mary, additional, Edes, Ashley N., additional, Epstein, Jonathan H., additional, Reiss, Andrea Evlyn, additional, Ferrell, Shannon T., additional, Fessl, Birgit, additional, Fidgett, Andrea L., additional, Fox, Kami Z., additional, Foxworth, Steve, additional, Gamble, Kathryn C., additional, Gebreyes, Wondwossen A., additional, Georges, Jean-Yves, additional, Goe, Alexandra, additional, Goeritz, Frank, additional, González-Barrientos, Rocío, additional, de Graaff, Nicolas, additional, Greenwood, Alex D., additional, Greenwood, Andrew, additional, Grimaldi, Wray, additional, Hadfield, Catherine, additional, Hampton, Jordan O., additional, Hanley, Christopher S., additional, Harms, Craig A., additional, Harrison, Tara M., additional, Hernández-Mora, Gabriela, additional, Hermes, Robert, additional, Heatley, J. Jill, additional, Hernández, Benjamín E. Alcántar, additional, Hildebrandt, Thomas Bernd, additional, Hilsenroth, Robert, additional, Hilton, Clayton D., additional, Hoang, Thuy Thi Thu, additional, Holliday, Dawn K., additional, Hyndman, Timothy H., additional, Jakob-Hoff, Richard, additional, Janssen, Donald L., additional, Jennings, Jonathan, additional, Jensen, Trine Hammer, additional, Johnson, Gary, additional, Kalogeropoulu, Szilvia Kalliopi, additional, Kasielke, Susie, additional, Kemp, Lucy, additional, Kertesz, Peter, additional, Kinney, Matthew E., additional, Kluyber, Danilo, additional, Koeppel, Katja N., additional, Krol, Lana, additional, Kuiken, Thijs, additional, Lamberski, Nadine, additional, Langan, Jennifer N., additional, Latimer, Erin E., additional, Leach, Kathryn S., additional, Leclerc, Antoine, additional, Ling, Paul, additional, Lung, Nancy P., additional, Lécu, Alexis, additional, Marinkovich, Matt, additional, Marschang, Rachel E., additional, Masters, Nic, additional, Masuda, Bryce, additional, Mathur, Vibhu Prakash, additional, McLellan, William A., additional, McLelland, David J., additional, Meegan, Jennifer M., additional, Mendoza, Ana Patricia, additional, Meyerson, Randi, additional, Miller, Michael W., additional, Miller, Michele A., additional, Milnes, Ellie L., additional, Moore, Michael J., additional, Moriarty, Megan E., additional, Murphy, Lisa, additional, Murray, Michael J., additional, Mutlow, Adrian, additional, Myers, Debbie, additional, Myers, Gwen, additional, Nevitt, Benjamin, additional, Di Nucci, Dante L., additional, Orozco, María Marcela, additional, Padilla, Luis R., additional, Painer-Gigler, Johanna, additional, Pas, An, additional, Pelton, Craig A., additional, Pereira, Nuno M., additional, Petit, Thierry, additional, Pinter, Adriano, additional, Plangsangmas, Tithipong, additional, Prittie, Jennifer, additional, Quintard, Benoit, additional, Raath, Jacobus P., additional, Ramer, Jan, additional, Ramey, Andrew M., additional, Raphael, Bonnie L., additional, Ratanakorn, Parntep, additional, Rivera, Sam, additional, Rodriguez, Carlos, additional, Rooney, Tess, additional, Rousselet, Estelle, additional, S, Ilayaraja., additional, Sailler, Anaïs, additional, Sanderson, Stephanie, additional, Schiffmann, Christian, additional, Seeber, Peter A., additional, Semjonov, Aleksandr, additional, Sha, Arun A., additional, Sharp, Sarah, additional, Shaw, Michelle E., additional, Sheldon, Julie D., additional, Shopland, Sara, additional, Sleeman, Jonathan M., additional, Smith, Cynthia R., additional, Smith, Joseph A., additional, Soares-Neto, Lauro L., additional, Sripiboon, Supaphen, additional, Stratton, Karin, additional, Swanson, William F., additional, Sós-Koroknai, Viktória, additional, Sós, Endre, additional, Taylor-Cousar, Jennifer L., additional, Teare, J. Andrew, additional, Terio, Karen A., additional, Terrell, Scott P., additional, Thompson, Steve B., additional, Thongthip, Nikorn, additional, Torres, Rodrigo S. Garcés, additional, Tubbs, Christopher W., additional, Vicino, Greg A., additional, Vilchez-Delgado, Fernando Javier, additional, Wack, Raymund F., additional, Wahltinez, Sarah, additional, Walsh, Michael T., additional, Walzer, Chris, additional, Wenker, Christian John, additional, Wiedner, Ellen, additional, Wolfe, Barbara A., additional, Wolfe, Lisa L., additional, Wolfe, Tammy Culpepper, additional, Wyatt, Jeff, additional, Xie, Shangzhe, additional, Yanong, Roy, additional, and Yarto-Jaramillo, Enrique, additional

Published
2023
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5. Fecal elimination of fluralaner in different carnivore species after oral administration.

Author

Jacques Berny, Philippe, Belhadj, Dalil, España, Bernadette, and Lécu, Alexis

Subjects
ORAL drug administration, CARNIVOROUS animals, ALLOMETRIC equations, SPECIES, PETS, FLEA control
Abstract

Fluralaner is a recent external parasiticide, first of a new class of drugs (isoxazoline parasiticides). It is widely used in companion animals both for its wide spectrum (fleas, ticks and other mites) but also for its ease of use (oral tablets given once for 1 to three months). It is known to be eliminated primarily via the feces (>90%) as the unchanged compound. In zoo carnivores, controlling external parasites is also important and there are no specific products with a marketing authorization to control them. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of fluralaner in zoo carnivores. The second objective was to demonstrate that fluralaner can be eliminated over a prolonged period of time, thereby raising questions about its potential impact on non-target species such as arthropods. After adjusting the oral dose using allometric equations, animals were dosed and fecal samples were collected on a regular basis for up to three months to determine the fecal elimination curve of fluralaner as a surrogate of plasma kinetics (for ethical and safety reasons, plasma samples were not considered). All samples were analyzed with a validated LC-MSMS technique. Our results show that, despite limitations and a limited number of animals included, most carnivores eliminate fluralaner in their feces for several weeks to months (in Lions, fluralaner was still detectable after 89 days). To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating such a long elimination period in animals. Further studies would be required to investigate the risk associated with the presence of active residues in other carnivore feces for the environment, especially in dogs and cats, considering the large use of this class of compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Successful surgical management of a pyothorax in a Guinea baboon (Papio papio).

Author

Sailler, Anaïs, Laidebeure, Sylvie, and Lécu, Alexis

Subjects
BABOONS, C-reactive protein, DIAGNOSTIC imaging, STREPTOCOCCUS
Abstract

A 16‐year‐old male Guinea baboon (Papio papio) was evaluated for weakness and focal wet fur of 1‐week duration. A pyothorax caused by Streptococcus anginosus was diagnosed. A surgical approach was chosen, combined with a systemic antibiotic therapy. Medical imaging and C‐reactive protein follow‐up revealed the resolution of the pyothorax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Contributors

Author

Adkesson, Michael J., primary, Aguilar-Calvo, Patricia, additional, de Alcantara, Bianca Nascimento, additional, Allender, Matthew C., additional, Arias-Bernal, Leonardo, additional, Asa, Cheryl, additional, Backues, Kay A., additional, Bailey, James E., additional, Bauman, Karen, additional, Belov, Katherine, additional, Bertelsen, Mad Frost, additional, Bezner, Jocelyn, additional, Bronson, Ellen, additional, Buss, Peter, additional, Cameron, Kenneth, additional, Campbell-Ward, Michelle, additional, Catenacci, Lilian Silva, additional, Chai, Norin, additional, Chinnadurai, Sathya K., additional, Christensen, Bruce, additional, Clancy, Meredith Martin, additional, Clayton, Leigh, additional, Colitz, Carmen M.H., additional, Cortes-Hinojosa, Galaxia, additional, Crespo-Picazo, José Luis, additional, Dadone, Liza, additional, Danforth, Marietta Dindo, additional, Deem, Sharon L., additional, Dench, Rosalie, additional, Desmarchelier, Marion Renée, additional, Di Girolamo, Nicola, additional, Di Nucci, Dante Luis, additional, Emerson, Jessica A., additional, Epstein, Jonathan H., additional, Erlacher-Reid, Claire, additional, Flanagan, Joseph P., additional, Fundak, Brett, additional, Gage, Laurie J., additional, Gamble, Kathryn C., additional, García-Párraga, Daniel, additional, Garner, Michael M., additional, Georoff, Timothy A., additional, Gilardi, Kirsten V.K., additional, Gilbert, Martin, additional, Goodman, Steven M., additional, Greenberg, Mark, additional, Greenwood, Alex David, additional, Grøndahl, Carsten, additional, Hadfield, Catherine, additional, Halpern, Bálint, additional, Hamer, Sarah, additional, Hammond, Elizabeth E., additional, Harman, Robert, additional, Hernandez, Sonia Maria, additional, Hodo, Carolyn, additional, Hofmeister, Erik, additional, Hogg, Carolyn J., additional, Howard, Lauren Lynn, additional, Ivančić, Marina, additional, Jankowski, Gwen, additional, Janssen, Donald L., additional, Juan-Sallés, Carles, additional, Khairani, Kurnia Oktavia, additional, Kinney, Matthew E., additional, Kleinschmidt, Laura M., additional, Kock, Richard Anthony, additional, Kozlowski, Corinne P., additional, Langan, Jennifer N., additional, Lécu, Alexis, additional, Lewbart, Gregory A., additional, Loyd, Kerrie Anne T., additional, Lüeders, Imke, additional, Mama, Khursheed, additional, Mans, Christoph, additional, Marschang, Rachel E., additional, Martelli, Paolo R., additional, Martinez, Gerardo, additional, Mazet, Jonna A.K., additional, McAloose, Denise, additional, Meteyer, Carol U., additional, Miller, Michele A., additional, Milnes, Ellie, additional, Molter, Christine, additional, Monsalve, Santiago, additional, Morkel, Pete, additional, Murphy, Hayley Weston, additional, Paul-Murphy, Joanne, additional, Nadler, Yvonne, additional, Napier, Julia E., additional, Nel, Pierre, additional, Nol, Pauline, additional, O'Sullivan, Sean, additional, Olea-Popelka, Francisco, additional, Osterrieder, Klaus, additional, Page-Karjian, Annie, additional, Paré, Jean A., additional, Pastor, Adriana, additional, Philippa, Joost, additional, Pieters, Wouter, additional, Portas, Timothy J., additional, Radcliffe, Robin W., additional, Raines, Jan, additional, Raphael, Bonnie L., additional, Rasambainarivo, Fidisoa, additional, Reed, Patricia, additional, Rhyan, Jack C., additional, Rideout, Bruce, additional, Roberts, John, additional, Robinson, Sarah, additional, Moreno, Gianmarco Rojas, additional, Rosen, Laura Elizabeth, additional, Rush, Elizabeth Marie, additional, Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon, additional, Schaftenaar, Willem, additional, Schirmacher, Michael R., additional, Schmidt, Debra A., additional, Seeley, Kathryn E., additional, Shaw, Michelle E., additional, Sigurdson, Christina J., additional, Sladky, Kurt K., additional, Smith, Dale, additional, Smith, Kristine, additional, Sós, Endre, additional, Steenkamp, Gerhard, additional, Styles, Darrel K., additional, Suk-Wai, Hui, additional, Sullivan, Kathleen E., additional, Sykes, John M., additional, Talbot, Jessica J., additional, Tapia, Washington, additional, Terio, Karen A., additional, Terrell, Scott, additional, Toosy, Arshad Haroon, additional, Travis, Dominic A., additional, Tuxbury, Kathryn A., additional, Valdes, Eduardo V., additional, Van Hemert, Caroline, additional, Vance, Carrie K., additional, Verant, Michelle L., additional, Vogelnest, Larry, additional, Walzer, Chris, additional, Wellehan, Jim, additional, Wiedner, Ellen, additional, Wolff, Peregrine L., additional, Yarto-Jaramillo, Enrique, additional, and Zuba, Jeffery R., additional

Published
2019
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15. Comparing antibiotic resistance in free-ranging vs. captive African wild herbivores

Author

Brisson, Lucie, Caron, Alexandre, Mazuy-Cruchadet, Christine, Gilot-Fromont, Emmanuelle, Lécu, Alexis, Bourgarel, Mathieu, Petit, Thierry, and Sergentet, Delphine

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical challenge of the 21st century for public and animal health. The role of host biodiversity and the environment in the evolution and transmission of resistant bacteria between populations and species, and specifically at the wildlife-livestock-human interface, needs to be further investigated. We evaluated the AMR of commensal Escherichia coli in three mammalian herbivore species—impala (Aepyceros melampus), greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), and plains zebra (Equus quagga)—targeting populations living under two conditions: captivity (French zoos) and free ranging (natural and private parks in Zimbabwe). From 137 fecal samples from these three host species, 328 E. coli isolates were isolated. We measured the AMR of each isolate against eight antibiotics, and we assessed the presence of AMR genes and mobile genetic element class 1 integrons (int1). Isolates obtained from captive hosts had a higher probability of being resistant than those obtained from free-ranging hosts (odds ratio, 293.8; confidence interval, 10– 94,000). This statistically higher proportion of AMR bacteria in zoos than in natural parks was especially observed for bacteria resistant to amoxicillin. The percentage of int1 detection was higher when isolates were obtained from captive hosts, particularly captive impalas. Ninety percent of bacterial isolates with genes involved in antibiotic resistance also had the int1 gene. The sul1, sul2, blaTEM, and stra genes were found in 14, 19, 0, and 31%, respectively, of E. coli with respective antibiotic resistance. Finally, plains zebra carried AMR significantly more often than the other species.

Published
2023

19. Constitutive IFNα Protein Production in Bats

Author

Bondet, Vincent, primary, Le Baut, Maxime, additional, Le Poder, Sophie, additional, Lécu, Alexis, additional, Petit, Thierry, additional, Wedlarski, Rudy, additional, Duffy, Darragh, additional, and Le Roux, Delphine, additional

Published
2021
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20. Evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria) inferred from mitochondrial genomes

Author

Hassanin, Alexandre, Veron, Géraldine, Ropiquet, Anne, Jansen van Vuuren, Bettine, Lécu, Alexis, Goodman, Steven, Haider, Jibran, Nguyen, Trung Thanh, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Middlesex University [London], University of Johannesburg (UJ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA]

Subjects
Computer and Information Sciences, Forms of DNA, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Carnivora, Bioenergetics, Animal Phylogenetics, DNA, Mitochondrial, Biochemistry, Evolution, Molecular, Genetics, Animals, Evolutionary Systematics, Phylogeny, Energy-Producing Organelles, Taxonomy, Data Management, Mammals, Evolutionary Biology, Biology and life sciences, Eutheria, Fossils, Organisms, Genetic Variation, Correction, Eukaryota, Paleontology, Phylogenetic Analysis, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Cell Biology, Biological Evolution, Mitochondrial DNA, Fossil Calibration, Mitochondria, Nucleic acids, Phylogenetics, Genome, Mitochondrial, Vertebrates, Amniotes, Earth Sciences, Medicine, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Paleogenetics, Zoology, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; The order Carnivora, which currently includes 296 species classified into 16 families, is distributed across all continents. The phylogeny and the timing of diversification of members of the order are still a matter of debate. Here, complete mitochondrial genomes were analysed to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships and to estimate divergence times among species of Carnivora. We assembled 51 new mitogenomes from 13 families, and aligned them with available mitogenomes by selecting only those showing more than 1% of nucleotide divergence and excluding those suspected to be of low-quality or from misidentified taxa. Our final alignment included 220 taxa representing 2,442 mitogenomes. Our analyses led to a robust resolution of suprafamilial and intrafamilial relationships. We identified 21 fossil calibration points to estimate a molecular timescale for carnivorans. According to our divergence time estimates, crown carnivorans appeared during or just after the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum; all major groups of Caniformia (Cynoidea/Arctoidea; Ursidae; Musteloidea/Pinnipedia) diverged from each other during the Eocene, while all major groups of Feliformia (Nandiniidae; Feloidea; Viverroidea) diversified more recently during the Oligocene, with a basal divergence of Nandinia at the Eocene/Oligocene transition; intrafamilial divergences occurred during the Miocene, except for the Procyonidae, as Potos separated from other genera during the Oligocene.

Published
2021

21. Faune sauvage et SARS-CoV-2 : exposition des animaux de zoo pendant la circulation du virus en France en 2020

Author

Temmam, Sarah, Lécu, Alexis, Sailler, Anaïs, Lamgait, Benjamin, Ollivet-Courtois, Florence, Huon, Christèle, Behilill, Sylvie, Vanhomwegen, Jessica, Caro, Valérie, Manuguerra, Jean-Claude, van Der Werf, Sylvie, Eloit, Marc, TEMMAM, Sarah, Découverte de pathogènes – Pathogen discovery, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Parc zoologique de Paris, Fondation française pour la recherche sur la biodiversité, ZooParc de Beauval, Beauval Nature, Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (Centre National de Référence) - Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (National Reference Center) (CIBU), Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)

Subjects
[SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health
Abstract

International audience; Contexte : Le virus SARS-CoV-2 responsable de la pandémie de COVID-19 a causé à ce jour plus de 88 millions d’infections et 1,9 millions de décès. Comme pour les autres coronavirus, l’infection chez l’homme provient probablement d’une transgression de barrière d’espèce depuis un réservoir animal, vraisemblablement une chauve-souris, peut-être via un hôte intermédiaire. Au fur et à mesure de la diffusion du virus dans le monde, des infections anthropozoonotiques occasionnelles d'animaux ont été signalées, chez des animaux domestiques (chats, chiens) et d’élevage (visons) puis dans la faune sauvage captive des zoos (gorilles, tigres, lions, puma, panthère des neige) via des contacts étroits avec des humains a- ou pauci-symptomatiques. Des infections expérimentales et modélisations bio-informatiques ont également démontré ou suggéré la sensibilité d’autres espèces à l’infection par SARS-CoV-2, notamment des primates non-humains. L’objectif du travail était d’identifier des cas d’infection à SARS-CoV-2 chez des animaux sauvages en captivité.Méthodes : D’avril à novembre 2020, des prélèvements sanguins et des écouvillons nasaux-pharyngés et rectaux ont été effectués sur 177 animaux sauvages provenant de zoos et d’élevages français, dont des chiroptères, des félins et des primates. Le critère principal d’inclusion était la confirmation d’au moins un cas de SARS-CoV-2 dans le personnel animalier des établissements. La recherche du génome de SARS-CoV-2 a été effectuée par une RT-PCR en temps réel en duplex ciblant le gène de la polymérase selon la méthode développée par le CNR des virus respiratoires ; et le séquençage des génomes complets a été réalisé avec le séquenceur MinION selon le protocole ARTIC. Le statut sérologique des animaux a été évalué par la technique de LIPS (Luciférase Immuno-Precipitation System) ciblant les domaines S1, S2, S, et RBD de la protéine de spicule, et le domaine C-terminal de la nucléoprotéine N. Résultats : Le génome de SARS-CoV-2 a été détecté dans 3 écouvillons nasaux-pharyngés provenant de 2 lions vivant dans le même enclos au sein du zoo A. Ces animaux étaient asymptomatiques avant et après le prélèvement. Le séquençage complet de ces virus a révélé que ces souches appartenaient au lignage B.1.202, qui a circulé de mars à mai 2020 principalement en Australie et aux USA. Sur 145 sérums analysés (comprenant des Canidae, des chiroptères, des félins, des Herpestidae, des Mustelidae, des Périssodactyles, des primates et prosimiens, et un Ursidae), la séroconversion de 3 tigres et de 3 lions provenant du site B a été détectée entre avril et octobre 2020. Ces félidés n’ont jamais présenté de signe clinique. En revanche, un babouin du zoo C a également été testé transitoirement séropositif, mais négatif en séroneutralisation. Lors de son anesthésie 3 mois après, l’animal présentait des images radiographiques compatibles avec une pneumopathie mais un résultat sérologique devenu négatif et une absence de détection antigénique ou PCR sur les prélèvements bronchiques effectués.Conclusion : L’infection d’animaux sauvages par un SARS-CoV-2 d’origine humaine est peu fréquente mais possible ; le maintien constant de précautions sanitaires est donc indispensable afin de protéger ces espèces à haute valeur de conservation.

Published
2021

33. A Universal Primer Set for PCR Amplification of Nuclear Histone H4 Genes from All Animal Species

Author

Pineau, Pascal, primary, Henry, Michel, additional, Suspène, Rodolphe, additional, Marchio, Agnès, additional, Dettai, Agnès, additional, Debruyne, Régis, additional, Petit, Thierry, additional, Lécu, Alexis, additional, Moisson, Pierre, additional, Dejean, Anne, additional, Wain-Hobson, Simon, additional, and Vartanian, Jean-Pierre, additional

Published
2004
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34. Fecal elimination of fluralaner in different carnivore species after oral administration.

Author

Berny PJ, Belhadj D, España B, and Lécu A

Abstract

Fluralaner is a recent external parasiticide, first of a new class of drugs (isoxazoline parasiticides). It is widely used in companion animals both for its wide spectrum (fleas, ticks and other mites) but also for its ease of use (oral tablets given once for 1 to three months). It is known to be eliminated primarily via the feces (>90%) as the unchanged compound. In zoo carnivores, controlling external parasites is also important and there are no specific products with a marketing authorization to control them. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of fluralaner in zoo carnivores. The second objective was to demonstrate that fluralaner can be eliminated over a prolonged period of time, thereby raising questions about its potential impact on non-target species such as arthropods. After adjusting the oral dose using allometric equations, animals were dosed and fecal samples were collected on a regular basis for up to three months to determine the fecal elimination curve of fluralaner as a surrogate of plasma kinetics (for ethical and safety reasons, plasma samples were not considered). All samples were analyzed with a validated LC-MSMS technique. Our results show that, despite limitations and a limited number of animals included, most carnivores eliminate fluralaner in their feces for several weeks to months (in Lions, fluralaner was still detectable after 89 days). To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating such a long elimination period in animals. Further studies would be required to investigate the risk associated with the presence of active residues in other carnivore feces for the environment, especially in dogs and cats, considering the large use of this class of compounds., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Berny, Belhadj, España and Lécu.)

Published
2024
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35. Evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria) inferred from mitochondrial genomes.

Author

Hassanin A, Veron G, Ropiquet A, Jansen van Vuuren B, Lécu A, Goodman SM, Haider J, and Nguyen TT

Subjects
Animals, Biological Evolution, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Fossils, Genetic Variation genetics, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA methods, Carnivora classification, Carnivora genetics, Genome, Mitochondrial genetics
Abstract

The order Carnivora, which currently includes 296 species classified into 16 families, is distributed across all continents. The phylogeny and the timing of diversification of members of the order are still a matter of debate. Here, complete mitochondrial genomes were analysed to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships and to estimate divergence times among species of Carnivora. We assembled 51 new mitogenomes from 13 families, and aligned them with available mitogenomes by selecting only those showing more than 1% of nucleotide divergence and excluding those suspected to be of low-quality or from misidentified taxa. Our final alignment included 220 taxa representing 2,442 mitogenomes. Our analyses led to a robust resolution of suprafamilial and intrafamilial relationships. We identified 21 fossil calibration points to estimate a molecular timescale for carnivorans. According to our divergence time estimates, crown carnivorans appeared during or just after the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum; all major groups of Caniformia (Cynoidea/Arctoidea; Ursidae; Musteloidea/Pinnipedia) diverged from each other during the Eocene, while all major groups of Feliformia (Nandiniidae; Feloidea; Viverroidea) diversified more recently during the Oligocene, with a basal divergence of Nandinia at the Eocene/Oligocene transition; intrafamilial divergences occurred during the Miocene, except for the Procyonidae, as Potos separated from other genera during the Oligocene., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2021
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36. BIOMEDICAL EVALUATION OF A BROWN LEMUR ( EULEMU R FULVUS SPP.) POPULATION FROM MBOUZI ISLET, MAYOTTE ISLAND.

Author

Quintard B, Lefaux B, Lécu A, Niphuis H, Roux P, and Ortiz K

Subjects
Animals, Animals, Wild, Comoros epidemiology, Female, Lemuridae parasitology, Lemuridae virology, Male, Parasitic Diseases, Animal epidemiology, Parasitic Diseases, Animal parasitology, Virus Diseases epidemiology, Virus Diseases veterinary, Virus Diseases virology, Lemuridae blood
Abstract

The brown lemur population ( Eulemur fulvus spp.) in Mbouzi islet is not native, and was introduced in 1997. Since then, the population has grown. In 2012 the National Council for Protection of Nature of Mayotte requested to remove this population of lemurs from Mbouzi, as they were suspected to be a threat to the protected endemic flora of the islet. The Association Francophone des Vétérinaires de Parcs Zoologiques (French-speaking Zoo Veterinarians Association, AFVPZ) was asked to conduct a biomedical evaluation of the population. Fifty-two animals were captured, anesthetized, and weighed. They all underwent a general physical examination. Feces were sampled for bacterial and parasitological screening. Hair was sampled for genetic studies and blood was sampled for hematology, biochemistry, viral serology, and haemoparasitology. Results showed that three individuals had a positive feces culture for Salmonella enterica and six had Lemuricola or Callistoura parasite infestations. Blood analyses for hematology and biochemistry showed 46 animals with elevated transferrin, 42 with low ferritin levels, 19 with hyperglycemia, and 10 with neutrophilia. Finally, 10 were positive for Toxoplasma serology, one was positive for α herpesvirus, five for pox virus, five for simian virus 40, and two for flavivirus. This publication reports the first complete biomedical evaluation of lemurs on Mayotte Island.

Published
2019
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