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2. The initial stage of cloud lightning imaged in high-resolution

Author

Scholten, O., Hare, B. M., Dwyer, J., Sterpka, C., Kolmašová, I., Santolík, O., Lán, R., Uhlíř, L., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Falcke, H., Huege, T., Hörandel, J. R., Krampah, G. K., Mitra, P., Mulrey, K., Nelles, A., Pandya, H., Pel, A., Rachen, J. P., Trinh, T. N. G., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., and Winchen, T.

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

With LOFAR we have been able to image the development of lightning flashes with meter-scale accuracy and unprecedented detail. We discuss the primary steps behind our most recent lightning mapping method. To demonstrate the capabilities of our technique we show and interpret images of the first few milliseconds of two intra-cloud flashes. In all our flashes the negative leaders propagate in the charge layer below the main negative charge. Among several interesting features we show that in about 2~ms after initiation the Primary Initial Leader triggers the formation of a multitude (more than ten) negative leaders in a rather confined area of the atmosphere. From these only one or two continue to propagate after about 30~ms to extend over kilometers horizontally while another may propagate back to the initiation point. We also show that normal negative leaders can transition into an initial-leader like state, potentially in the presence of strong electric fields. In addition, we show some initial breakdown pulses that occurred during the primary initial leader, and even during two "secondary" initial leaders that developed out of stepped leaders., Comment: Submitted to Journal of geophysics research: Atmospheres

Published
2020
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5. Solitary waves in the Nonlinear Dirac Equation

Author

Cuevas-Maraver, J., Boussaïd, N., Comech, A., Lan, R., Kevrekidis, P. G., and Saxena, A.

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons
Abstract

In the present work, we consider the existence, stability, and dynamics of solitary waves in the nonlinear Dirac equation. We start by introducing the Soler model of self-interacting spinors, and discuss its localized waveforms in one, two, and three spatial dimensions and the equations they satisfy. We present the associated explicit solutions in one dimension and numerically obtain their analogues in higher dimensions. The stability is subsequently discussed from a theoretical perspective and then complemented with numerical computations. Finally, the dynamics of the solutions is explored and compared to its non-relativistic analogue, which is the nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equation. A few special topics are also explored, including the discrete variant of the nonlinear Dirac equation and its solitary wave properties, as well as the PT-symmetric variant of the model.

Published
2017
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9. Stability of solitary waves and vortices in a 2D nonlinear Dirac model

Author

Cuevas-Maraver, J., Kevrekidis, P. G., Saxena, A., Comech, A., and Lan, R.

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons
Abstract

We explore a prototypical two-dimensional model of the nonlinear Dirac type and examine its solitary wave and vortex solutions. In addition to identifying the stationary states, we provide a systematic spectral stability analysis, illustrating the potential of spinor solutions consisting of a soliton in one component and a vortex in the other to be neutrally stable in a wide parametric interval of frequencies. Solutions of higher vorticity are generically unstable and split into lower charge vortices in a way that preserves the total vorticity. These results pave the way for a systematic stability and dynamics analysis of higher dimensional waveforms in a broad class of nonlinear Dirac models and a comparison revealing nontrivial differences with respect to their better understood non-relativistic analogue, the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation., Comment: Includes Supplemental material

Published
2015
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10. A distinct negative leader propagation mode

Author

Scholten, O., Hare, B. M., Dwyer, J., Liu, N., Sterpka, C., Kolmašová, I., Santolík, O., Lán, R., Uhlíř, L., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Falcke, H., Huege, T., Hörandel, J. R., Krampah, G. K., Mitra, P., Mulrey, K., Nelles, A., Pandya, H., Rachen, J. P., Trinh, T. N. G., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., and Winchen, T.

Published
2021
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13. From start to finish : a framework for the production of small area official statistics

Author

Tzavidis, Nikos, Zhang, Li-Chun, Luna, Angela, Schmid, Timo, Rojas-Perilla, Natalia, Gordon, lan R., Williamson, Paul, King, Thomas, Ranalli, Maria Giovanna, Smith, Paul A., Matz, David, Baffour, Bernard, Thall, Peter F., Pfeffermann, Danny, Sperlich, Stefan, Fabrizi, Enrico, Kumar, Kuldeep, Dorfman, Alan H., Falorsi, Stefano, Bell, William R., Fuglstad, Geir-Arne, Riebler, Andrea, Wakefield, Jon, Paige, Johnny, Wilson, Katie, Dong, Tracy, Kim, Seongho, Wong, Weng Kee, Münnich, Ralf, Szymkowiak, Marcin, Li, Zehang Richard, Hsiao, Yuan, Martin, Bryan D., Godwin, Jessica, Clark, Sam J., and Zimmermann, Thomas

Published
2018

15. Interferometric imaging of intensely radiating negative leaders

Author

Scholten, O., Hare, B.M., Dwyer, J., Liu, N., Sterpka, C., Kolmašová, I., Santolík, O., Lán, R., Uhlíř, L., Buitink, S., Huege, T., Nelles, A., Veen, S. ter, Scholten, O., Hare, B.M., Dwyer, J., Liu, N., Sterpka, C., Kolmašová, I., Santolík, O., Lán, R., Uhlíř, L., Buitink, S., Huege, T., Nelles, A., and Veen, S. ter

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 249209.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Contains fulltext : 249209.pdf (Author’s version preprint ) (Open Access)

Published
2022

16. Interferometric imaging of intensely radiating negative leaders

Author

Scholten, O., primary, Hare, B. M., additional, Dwyer, J., additional, Liu, N., additional, Sterpka, C., additional, Kolmašová, I., additional, Santolík, O., additional, Lán, R., additional, Uhlíř, L., additional, Buitink, S., additional, Huege, T., additional, Nelles, A., additional, and ter Veen, S., additional

Published
2022
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19. First observations and performance of the RPW instrument on board the Solar Orbiter mission

Author

Maksimovic, M., primary, Souček, J., additional, Chust, T., additional, Khotyaintsev, Y., additional, Kretzschmar, M., additional, Bonnin, X., additional, Vecchio, A., additional, Alexandrova, O., additional, Bale, S. D., additional, Bérard, D., additional, Brochot, J.-Y., additional, Edberg, N. J. T., additional, Eriksson, A., additional, Hadid, L. Z., additional, Johansson, E. P. G., additional, Karlsson, T., additional, Katra, B., additional, Krasnoselskikh, V., additional, Krupař, V., additional, Lion, S., additional, Lorfèvre, E., additional, Matteini, L., additional, Nguyen, Q. N., additional, Píša, D., additional, Piberne, R., additional, Plettemeier, D., additional, Rucker, H. O., additional, Santolík, O., additional, Steinvall, K., additional, Steller, M., additional, Štverák, Š., additional, Trávníček, P., additional, Vaivads, A., additional, Zaslavsky, A., additional, Chaintreuil, S., additional, Dekkali, M., additional, Astier, P.-A., additional, Barbary, G., additional, Boughedada, K., additional, Cecconi, B., additional, Chapron, F., additional, Collin, C., additional, Dias, D., additional, Guéguen, L., additional, Lamy, L., additional, Leray, V., additional, Malac-Allain, L. R., additional, Pantellini, F., additional, Parisot, J., additional, Plasson, P., additional, Thijs, S., additional, Fratter, I., additional, Bellouard, E., additional, Danto, P., additional, Julien, S., additional, Guilhem, E., additional, Fiachetti, C., additional, Sanisidro, J., additional, Laffaye, C., additional, Gonzalez, F., additional, Pontet, B., additional, Quéruel, N., additional, Jannet, G., additional, Fergeau, P., additional, Dudok de Wit, T., additional, Vincent, T., additional, Agrapart, C., additional, Pragout, J., additional, Bergerard-Timofeeva, M., additional, Delory, G. T., additional, Turin, P., additional, Jeandet, A., additional, Leroy, P., additional, Pellion, J.-C., additional, Bouzid, V., additional, Recart, W., additional, Kolmašová, I., additional, Krupařová, O., additional, Uhlíř, L., additional, Lán, R., additional, Baše, J., additional, André, M., additional, Bylander, L., additional, Cripps, V., additional, Cully, C., additional, Jansson, S.-E., additional, Puccio, W., additional, Břínek, J., additional, Ottacher, H., additional, Angelini, V., additional, Berthomier, M., additional, Evans, V., additional, Goetz, K., additional, Hellinger, P., additional, Horbury, T. S., additional, Issautier, K., additional, Kontar, E., additional, Le Contel, O., additional, Louarn, P., additional, Martinović, M., additional, Müller, D., additional, O’Brien, H., additional, Owen, C. J., additional, Retino, A., additional, Rodríguez-Pacheco, J., additional, Sahraoui, F., additional, Sanchez, L., additional, Walsh, A. P., additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., additional, and Zouganelis, I., additional

Published
2021
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21. The Solar Orbiter Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument (Corrigendum)

Author

Maksimovic, M., primary, Bale, S. D., additional, Chust, T., additional, Khotyaintsev, Y., additional, Krasnoselskikh, V., additional, Kretzschmar, M., additional, Plettemeier, D., additional, Rucker, H. O., additional, Souček, J., additional, Steller, M., additional, Štverák, Š., additional, Trávníček, P., additional, Vaivads, A., additional, Chaintreuil, S., additional, Dekkali, M., additional, Alexandrova, O., additional, Astier, P.-A., additional, Barbary, G., additional, Bérard, D., additional, Bonnin, X., additional, Boughedada, K., additional, Cecconi, B., additional, Chapron, F., additional, Chariet, M., additional, Collin, C., additional, de Conchy, Y., additional, Dias, D., additional, Guéguen, L., additional, Lamy, L., additional, Leray, V., additional, Lion, S., additional, Malac-Allain, L. R., additional, Matteini, L., additional, Nguyen, Q. N., additional, Pantellini, F., additional, Parisot, J., additional, Plasson, P., additional, Thijs, S., additional, Vecchio, A., additional, Fratter, I., additional, Bellouard, E., additional, Lorfèvre, E., additional, Danto, P., additional, Julien, S., additional, Guilhem, E., additional, Fiachetti, C., additional, Sanisidro, J., additional, Laffaye, C., additional, Gonzalez, F., additional, Pontet, B., additional, Quéruel, N., additional, Jannet, G., additional, Fergeau, P., additional, Brochot, J.-Y., additional, Cassam-Chenai, G., additional, Dudok de Wit, T., additional, Timofeeva, M., additional, Vincent, T., additional, Agrapart, C., additional, Delory, G. T., additional, Turin, P., additional, Jeandet, A., additional, Leroy, P., additional, Pellion, J.-C., additional, Bouzid, V., additional, Katra, B., additional, Piberne, R., additional, Recart, W., additional, Santolík, O., additional, Kolmašová, I., additional, Krupař, V., additional, Krupařová, O., additional, Píša, D., additional, Uhlíř, L., additional, Lán, R., additional, Baše, J., additional, Ahlèn, L., additional, André, M., additional, Bylander, L., additional, Cripps, V., additional, Cully, C., additional, Eriksson, A., additional, Jansson, S.-E., additional, Johansson, E. P. G., additional, Karlsson, T., additional, Puccio, W., additional, Břínek, J., additional, Öttacher, H., additional, Panchenko, M., additional, Berthomier, M., additional, Goetz, K., additional, Hellinger, P., additional, Horbury, T. S., additional, Issautier, K., additional, Kontar, E., additional, Krucker, S., additional, Le Contel, O., additional, Louarn, P., additional, Martinović, M., additional, Owen, C. J., additional, Retino, A., additional, Rodríguez-Pacheco, J., additional, Sahraoui, F., additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., additional, Zaslavsky, A., additional, and Zouganelis, I., additional

Published
2021
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22. High Throughput Solid Phase Parallel Synthesis of Macrocyclic Peptidomimetics

Author

Marsault, E., Hoveyda, H. R., Peterson, M. L., Gagnon, R., Vézina, M., Pinault, J.F., Landry, A., Saint-Louis, C., Ouellet, L. G., Beauchemin, S., Benakli, K., Beaubien, S., Brassard, M., Wang, Z., Champagne, M., Galaud, F., Fortin, N., Fortin, D., Plourde, V., Ramaseshan, M., Bhat, S., Bilodeau, F., Lonergan, D., Lan, R., Li, S., Berthiaume, G., Foucher, L., Peng, X., Dory, Y., Deslongchamps, P., Valle, Susan Del, editor, Escher, Emanuel, editor, and Lubell, William D., editor

Published
2009
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23. First observations of elves and their causative very strong lightning discharges in an unusual small‐scale continental spring‐time thunderstorm

Author

Kolmašová, I. (Ivana), Santolík, O. (Ondřej), Kašpar, P. (Petr), Popek, M. (Martin), Pizzuti, A. (Andrea), Spurný, P. (Pavel), Borovička, J. (Jiří), Mlynarczyk, J. (Janusz), Manninen, J. (Jyrki), Macotela, E. L. (Edith L.), Zacharov, P. (Petr), Lán, R. (Radek), Uhlíř, L. (Luděk), Diendorfer, G. (Gerhard), Bennett, A. (Alec), Füllekrug, M. (Martin), and Slošiar, R. (Rudolf)

Subjects
elves, extra strong strokes, thunderstorm
Abstract

We show for the first time that elves can be produced by an unusual small‐scale continental spring‐time thunderstorm. The storm occurred in Central Europe, covered a very small area of ∼50 × ∼30 km and lasted only for ∼4 h on April 2, 2017. The fraction of intense positive cloud‐to‐ground lightning strokes was unusually high, reaching 55%, with a mean peak current of 64 kA. The peak currents of return strokes (RS) associated with elves exceeded ∼300 kA. Elves and their causative RS have been observed with different optical and electromagnetic recordings. Signatures of ionospheric disturbances indicating the presence of elves were found in measurements of displacement currents, ionospheric reflections of sferics and man‐made narrow‐band transmissions. All these electromagnetic observations coincide with four optical detections of elves and strongly suggest the occurrence of two more elves later in the decaying phase of the storm. Surprisingly, the same electromagnetic measurements indicate that other strong strokes did not produce any elves. Our simulation results show that the formation of an elve is not only determined by the high‐peak current of their causative strokes but that it is also controlled by the conductivity of the lightning channels and velocity of the current wavefront. We hypothesize that because of a lower conductivity of RS lightning channels and/or slower current waves only very strong strokes with peak currents above ∼300 kA might have been capable to produce observable elves during this thunderstorm.

Published
2021

24. A Distinct Negative Leader Propagation Mode

Author

Scholten, O., primary, Hare, B. M., additional, Dwyer, J., additional, Liu, N., additional, Sterpka, C., additional, Kolmašová, I., additional, Santolík, O., additional, Lán, R., additional, Uhlíř, L., additional, Buitink, S., additional, Corstanje, A., additional, Falcke, H., additional, Huege, T., additional, Hörandel, J. R., additional, Krampah, G. K., additional, Mitra, P., additional, Mulrey, K., additional, Nelles, A., additional, Pandya, H., additional, Rachen, J.P., additional, Trinh, T.N.G., additional, Veen, S. ter, additional, Thoudam, S., additional, and Winchen, T., additional

Published
2021
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25. The Initial Stage of Cloud Lightning Imaged in High‐Resolution

Author

Scholten, O., primary, Hare, B. M., additional, Dwyer, J., additional, Sterpka, C., additional, Kolmašová, I., additional, Santolík, O., additional, Lán, R., additional, Uhlíř, L., additional, Buitink, S., additional, Corstanje, A., additional, Falcke, H., additional, Huege, T., additional, Hörandel, J. R., additional, Krampah, G. K., additional, Mitra, P., additional, Mulrey, K., additional, Nelles, A., additional, Pandya, H., additional, Pel, A., additional, Rachen, J. P., additional, Trinh, T. N. G., additional, Veen, S. ter, additional, Thoudam, S., additional, and Winchen, T., additional

Published
2021
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26. The Solar Orbiter Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument

Author

Maksimovic, M., primary, Bale, S. D., additional, Chust, T., additional, Khotyaintsev, Y., additional, Krasnoselskikh, V., additional, Kretzschmar, M., additional, Plettemeier, D., additional, Rucker, H. O., additional, Souček, J., additional, Steller, M., additional, Štverák, Š., additional, Trávníček, P., additional, Vaivads, A., additional, Chaintreuil, S., additional, Dekkali, M., additional, Alexandrova, O., additional, Astier, P.-A., additional, Barbary, G., additional, Bérard, D., additional, Bonnin, X., additional, Boughedada, K., additional, Cecconi, B., additional, Chapron, F., additional, Chariet, M., additional, Collin, C., additional, de Conchy, Y., additional, Dias, D., additional, Guéguen, L., additional, Lamy, L., additional, Leray, V., additional, Lion, S., additional, Malac-Allain, L. R., additional, Matteini, L., additional, Nguyen, Q. N., additional, Pantellini, F., additional, Parisot, J., additional, Plasson, P., additional, Thijs, S., additional, Vecchio, A., additional, Fratter, I., additional, Bellouard, E., additional, Lorfèvre, E., additional, Danto, P., additional, Julien, S., additional, Guilhem, E., additional, Fiachetti, C., additional, Sanisidro, J., additional, Laffaye, C., additional, Gonzalez, F., additional, Pontet, B., additional, Quéruel, N., additional, Jannet, G., additional, Fergeau, P., additional, Brochot, J.-Y., additional, Cassam-Chenai, G., additional, Dudok de Wit, T., additional, Timofeeva, M., additional, Vincent, T., additional, Agrapart, C., additional, Delory, G. T., additional, Turin, P., additional, Jeandet, A., additional, Leroy, P., additional, Pellion, J.-C., additional, Bouzid, V., additional, Katra, B., additional, Piberne, R., additional, Recart, W., additional, Santolík, O., additional, Kolmašová, I., additional, Krupař, V., additional, Krupařová, O., additional, Píša, D., additional, Uhlíř, L., additional, Lán, R., additional, Baše, J., additional, Ahlèn, L., additional, André, M., additional, Bylander, L., additional, Cripps, V., additional, Cully, C., additional, Eriksson, A., additional, Jansson, S.-E., additional, Johansson, E. P. G., additional, Karlsson, T., additional, Puccio, W., additional, Břínek, J., additional, Öttacher, H., additional, Panchenko, M., additional, Berthomier, M., additional, Goetz, K., additional, Hellinger, P., additional, Horbury, T. S., additional, Issautier, K., additional, Kontar, E., additional, Krucker, S., additional, Le Contel, O., additional, Louarn, P., additional, Martinović, M., additional, Owen, C. J., additional, Retino, A., additional, Rodríguez-Pacheco, J., additional, Sahraoui, F., additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., additional, Zaslavsky, A., additional, and Zouganelis, I., additional

Published
2020
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34. Contributor contact details

Author

Kilner, J.A., Skinner, S.J., Irvine, S.J.C., Edwards, P.P., Cowern, N.E.B., Holliman, P.J., Connell, A., Davies, M.L., Carnie, M.J., Watson, T.M., Nicholas, R.J., Tuley, R.S., Wijayantha, U., Yildiz, B., Doong, S.J., Felderhoff, M., Brett, D.J.L., Agante, E., Brandon, N.P., Brightman, E., Brown, R.J.C., Manage, M., Staffell, Iain, Scott, K., Manthiram, A., Zhao, X., Li, W., Preux, N., Rolle, A., Vannier, R.N., Grenier, J.–C., Bassat, J.-M., Mauvy, F., Tao, S.W., Cowin, P.I., Lan, R., Jacobson, A.J., Yu, C., Gong, W., Traversa, E., Fabbri, E., Kiziroglou, M.E., Yeatman, E.M., Scrosati, B., Hassoun, J., Harris, I.R., Jewell, G.W., Chroneos, A., Bishop, C.L., Parfitt, D.C., and Grimes, R.W.

Published
2012
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38. Lightning at Jupiter pulsates with a similar rhythm as in-cloud lightning at Earth.

Author

Kolmašová I, Santolík O, Imai M, Kurth WS, Hospodarsky GB, Connerney JEP, Bolton SJ, and Lán R

Abstract

Our knowledge about the fine structure of lightning processes at Jupiter was substantially limited by the time resolution of previous measurements. Recent observations of the Juno mission revealed electromagnetic signals of Jovian rapid whistlers at a cadence of a few lightning discharges per second, comparable to observations of return strokes at Earth. The duration of these discharges was below a few milliseconds and below one millisecond in the case of Jovian dispersed pulses, which were also discovered by Juno. However, it was still uncertain if Jovian lightning processes have the fine structure of steps corresponding to phenomena known from thunderstorms at Earth. Here we show results collected by the Juno Waves instrument during 5 years of measurements at 125-microsecond resolution. We identify radio pulses with typical time separations of one millisecond, which suggest step-like extensions of lightning channels and indicate that Jovian lightning initiation processes are similar to the initiation of intracloud lightning at Earth., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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39. Lightning initiation: Strong pulses of VHF radiation accompany preliminary breakdown.

Author

Kolmašová I, Santolík O, Defer E, Rison W, Coquillat S, Pedeboy S, Lán R, Uhlíř L, Lambert D, Pinty JP, Prieur S, and Pont V

Abstract

We analyze lightning initiation process using magnetic field waveforms of preliminary breakdown (PB) pulses observed at time scales of a few tens of microseconds by a broad-band receiver. We compare these pulses with sources of narrow-band very high frequency (VHF) radiation at 60-66 MHz recorded by two separate Lightning Mapping Arrays (LMAs). We find that almost none of the observed PB pulses correspond to geo-located VHF radiation sources, in agreement with previous results and with the hypothesis that processes generating VHF radiation and PB pulses are only weakly related. However, our detailed analysis discovers that individual peaks of strong VHF radiation seen by separate LMA stations correspond surprisingly well to the PB pulses. This result shows that electromagnetic radiation generated during fast stepwise extension of developing lightning channels is spread over a large interval of frequencies. We also show that intense VHF radiation abruptly starts with the first PB pulse and that it is then continuously present during the entire PB phase of developing discharges.

Published
2018
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