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1. Lars Leksell. Notes at the side of a raconteur

Author

L, Leksell

Subjects
Stereotaxic Techniques, Sweden, Neurosurgery, History, 20th Century
Abstract

Lars Leksell was a visionary and creative neurosurgeon who helped to define the origins of functional brain surgery, stereotactic surgery, and radiosurgery. As a neurophysiologist, he described the gamma motor system of the nervous system. He created an evolutionary array of stereotactic guiding devices that were continually updated to meet changes in neurodiagnostic imaging. His interest in furthering the development of neurosurgery led to a unique number of other sophisticated instruments designed to reach the depths of the brain safely and effectively, while remaining simple and practical. Throughout life he remained an outstanding neurosurgical mentor.

Published
1996

4. Stereotaxis and nuclear magnetic resonance

Author

J Schwebel, D Leksell, and L. Leksell

Subjects
Physics, Brain Diseases, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, media_common.quotation_subject, Stereotaxis, Sagittal plane, Stereotaxic Techniques, White matter, Psychiatry and Mental health, Nuclear magnetic resonance, medicine.anatomical_structure, Coronal plane, medicine, Humans, Contrast (vision), Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Research Article, media_common
Abstract

The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging to a stereotactic method is described. The physical properties of NMR offer some important advantages such as good contrast between grey and white matter and the possibility to scan the brain in three planes and at any desired angle. Stereotactic localisation by NMR gives very satisfactory and precise visualisation of the target structures based on transaxial, coronal and sagittal scans. With the technique described stereotactic localisation is performed by the surgeon directly in the operating room.

Published
1985
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5. Gammathalamotomy in intractable pain

Author

J. Boëthius, D.M.C. Forster, B. A. Meyerson, Ladislau Steiner, and L. Leksell

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Radiosurgery, Stereotaxic Techniques, Posterior commissure, Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, Cobalt Radioisotopes, Aged, Referred pain, Third ventricle, Thalamotomy, business.industry, Palliative Care, Middle Aged, Pain, Intractable, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Thalamic Nuclei, Female, Intractable pain, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, business, Cancer pain
Abstract

Thalamotomy aiming at the CM-Pf complex and using stereotactic gamma irradiation has been performed in a series of 52 patients with severe pain due to malignancy. Lesions were produced either contra- or ipsilaterally to the side of the pain as well as bilaterally. Eight patients experienced good pain relief, 18 had moderate relief, and in 24 the operation did not significantly influence the pain. A second operation following recurrence of pain was rarely of value. There was a tendency towards more efficient relief of pain located in the face or in the arm and shoulder than of pain in the lower part of the body. Although contralateral lesions seem to be most effective, ipsilateral operations may also give some relief. The best results were obtained when the lesions were placed close to the wall of the third ventricle and at the level of the posterior commissure. Postmortem examination of 21 brains disclosed that the mean error in the placing of the lesions was about 1 mm. It is concluded that medial thalamotomy may be tried as a last resort in the treatment of cancer pain in selected patients with a short life expectancy.

Published
1980
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6. Probe holder for stereotactic surgery in the CT scanner a technical note

Author

L. Leksell, B. Jernberg, and L. D. Lunsford

Subjects
Brain Diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Scanner, Stereotactic surgery, medicine.diagnostic_test, Cysts, business.industry, Technical note, Interventional radiology, Middle Aged, Cerebral Ventricles, Stereotaxic Techniques, Computer tomographic, Humans, Medicine, Female, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, Neurosurgery, Intraoperative ct, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Nuclear medicine, Neuroradiology
Abstract

The necessity for intraoperative computer tomographic (CT) visualization of stereotactic probes and for the immediate assessment of the results of therapeutic intervention has brought about the integration of CT and stereotactic surgical sites. In order to perform intraoperative CT imaging, a simple mechanical device has been developed to hold a probe at the target. This device replaces the conventional semicircular arc that was used to guide the probe to the target during stereotactic procedures. Intraoperative imaging during a CT stereotactic procedure was accomplished without significant artifacts.

Published
1983
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7. Stereotaxis and tomography a technical note

Author

B. Jernberg and L. Leksell

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Body scanner, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Brain, Stereotaxis, Interventional radiology, Technical note, Stereotaxic Techniques, Humans, Medicine, Surgery, Medical physics, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, Tomography, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Nuclear medicine, Neuroradiology
Abstract

A method for stereotactic coordinate determination by means of X-ray tomography is presented. A standard stereotactic method has been slightly modified, and the localization procedure has been adapted to CT scanning as well as conventional tomography. The technique allows rapid and accurate determination of the instrument coordinates of the target by the surgeon and may be used in conjunction with any standard CT body scanner or X-ray tomograph.

Published
1980
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8. Effect of high energy protons on the spinal cord

Author

Patrick Sourander, L. Leksell, Börje Larsson, and Bror Rexed

Subjects
High energy, Radiation, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, General Medicine, Spinal cord, Radiation Effects, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Cord, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Protons, business, Nuclear medicine
Published
1959
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9. Discussion on Extrapyramidal Hyperkinesias

Author

W. Wahren, D.M.C. Forster, F. Erbel, E. Gabriel, N.M. Chebotaryova, A. Takeda, F. Marossero, W. Umbach, P. Vogel, P. Richardson, J. Gybels, R. Nakamura, M. Bénita, J. Siegfried, B. Rewcastle, O. Tzavellas, R. Chow, V.A. Iliukhina, B. Stewart, T. Nagao, G. Kullberg, F. Mundinger, Y. Takaoka, A.N. Bondartchuk, E. Toivakka, V.M. Smirnov, Yu.K. Matveev, T. Doi, B. Friedel, V.B. Gretchin, R. Ahmed, C.H. Lücking, Y.K. Kim, K. Vaernet, R.R. Tasker, G. Schaltenbrand, S. Tóth, R. Hassler, A.N. Shandurina, G.R. Haase, J. Cophignon, D. Zivanovic, M. Dondey, K. Sugita, R.M. Lehman, P.-E. Almgren, F.J. Gillingham, L. Laitinen, F. Peluso, L. Infuso, G. Ettorre, B.S. Nashold, R. Emmers, K. Nittner, M. Haider, H. Spuler, K.A. West, H. Krayenbühl, N.P. Bechtereva, A. Struppler, J.A. Ganglberger, A.L. Andersson, V.K. Pozdeev, T. Hirota, E.P. Petushkov, I.A. Pullar, E.G. Szekely, T. Riechert, H. Narabayashi, N. Mutsuga, H.T. Wycis, K. Hartmann-von Monakow, W.P. Wilson, B.A. Meyerson, C.D. Ray, E. Groll-Knapp, K. Hahn, J. Tetteh, B. Rümler, P.L. Gildenberg, J.H. Dowson, G. Dieckmann, W. Pontzen, Ed. Kandel, G.R. Narayanaswamy, G.P. Cabrini, L. Leksell, H. Klasen, P.C. Potthoff, H. Condé, H.E. Diemath, B.-E. Roos, D.K. Kambarova, and A. Caracalos

Subjects
Surgery, Neurology (clinical)
Published
1972
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10. Histopathology of Late Local Radio-Lesions in the Goat Brain

Author

Patrick Sourander, Jan Wennerstrand, William Mair, L. Leksell, Börje Larsson, Bengt Andersson, and Bror Rexed

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Goats, Brain, Calcinosis, Hemorrhage, Radiotherapy Dosage, General Medicine, Biology, Radiation Effects, Radiotherapy, High-Energy, Necrosis, Thalamus, Cytology, medicine, Animals, Histopathology, Telangiectasis, Protons, Neuroglia, Precancerous Conditions, Follow-Up Studies
Published
1970
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11. Lesions in the Depth of the Brain Produced by a Beam of High Energy Protons

Author

Börje Larsson, Bror Rexed, Bengt Andersson, Patrick Sourander, L. Leksell, and William Mair

Subjects
Nervous system, High energy, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Nervous tissue, Neurosurgery, Brain, General Medicine, Carmustine, Neurosurgical Procedures, medicine.anatomical_structure, Narrow beam, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Protons, Nuclear medicine, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Restricted lesions were produced in the depth of the goat's brain by means of cross-fire irradiation with a narrow beam of high-energy protons. The radiosurgical technique and the histopathology of the lesions are described. It was possible to produce circumscribed cerebral lesions of a type well suited for physiologic experimentation without damaging surrounding nervous tissue. The method may also be applied to neurosurgery in man. (auth)

Published
1960
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12. Discussion on Anatomical and Physiological Correlations

Author

Y.K. Kim, D.M.C. Forster, O. Tzavellas, M. Dondey, R. Ahmed, V.A. Iliukhina, P. Richardson, J.A. Ganglberger, A.N. Shandurina, G.R. Haase, R. Chow, E.G. Szekely, T. Riechert, S. Tóth, K. Vaernet, R.R. Tasker, A. Struppler, H. Narabayashi, K. Nittner, A. Caracalos, B. Stewart, R.M. Lehman, T. Nagao, F. Mundinger, L. Infuso, W. Umbach, B. Friedel, A.N. Bondartchuk, R. Emmers, H. Spuler, C.H. Lücking, C.D. Ray, B.S. Nashold, V.M. Smirnov, Yu.K. Matveev, T. Doi, P. Vogel, I.A. Pullar, H. Klasen, F. Erbel, W.P. Wilson, P.C. Potthoff, N. Mutsuga, R. Hassler, W. Wahren, M. Haider, H.E. Diemath, F.J. Gillingham, L. Laitinen, G. Ettorre, T. Hirota, E. Toivakka, B.-E. Roos, J. Cophignon, E.P. Petushkov, B. Rewcastle, H. Condé, D.K. Kambarova, J. Siegfried, E. Gabriel, G.R. Narayanaswamy, N.M. Chebotaryova, F. Peluso, K. Sugita, Y. Takaoka, G. Kullberg, K.A. West, A. Takeda, F. Marossero, H. Krayenbühl, N.P. Bechtereva, G. Schaltenbrand, D. Zivanovic, P.-E. Almgren, J. Tetteh, B. Rümler, E. Groll-Knapp, Ed. Kandel, K. Hahn, G.P. Cabrini, G. Dieckmann, W. Pontzen, L. Leksell, P.L. Gildenberg, J.H. Dowson, J. Gybels, R. Nakamura, M. Bénita, V.B. Gretchin, B.A. Meyerson, H.T. Wycis, K. Hartmann-von Monakow, A.L. Andersson, and V.K. Pozdeev

Subjects
Surgery, Neurology (clinical)
Published
1972
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13. Discussion on Speech Disorders in Parkinsonism, Psychosurgery

Author

N. Mutsuga, V.A. Iliukhina, F. Peluso, E. Toivakka, H. Spuler, G.R. Narayanaswamy, G. Ettorre, R. Ahmed, W. Umbach, R. Hassler, C.D. Ray, S. Tóth, J. Siegfried, Y.K. Kim, K. Sugita, B. Rewcastle, A.N. Shandurina, G.R. Haase, H. Klasen, B. Stewart, B.A. Meyerson, M. Dondey, P.C. Potthoff, A.N. Bondartchuk, W.P. Wilson, P. Vogel, Y. Takaoka, F.J. Gillingham, V.M. Smirnov, R.M. Lehman, B.S. Nashold, Yu.K. Matveev, T. Doi, L. Laitinen, H. Condé, A. Caracalos, R. Chow, H.T. Wycis, G. Kullberg, M. Haider, E. Gabriel, K. Nittner, P. Richardson, N.M. Chebotaryova, J. Tetteh, O. Tzavellas, W. Wahren, B. Rümler, T. Nagao, F. Mundinger, H.E. Diemath, A. Takeda, G. Dieckmann, C.H. Lücking, K. Hartmann-von Monakow, D.M.C. Forster, B.-E. Roos, K.A. West, L. Infuso, H. Krayenbühl, D.K. Kambarova, W. Pontzen, R. Emmers, E. Groll-Knapp, J. Cophignon, N.P. Bechtereva, G. Schaltenbrand, K. Vaernet, R.R. Tasker, F. Marossero, V.B. Gretchin, F. Erbel, J. Gybels, R. Nakamura, M. Bénita, D. Zivanovic, P.-E. Almgren, B. Friedel, A. Struppler, J.A. Ganglberger, T. Hirota, A.L. Andersson, E.P. Petushkov, V.K. Pozdeev, Ed. Kandel, G.P. Cabrini, L. Leksell, P.L. Gildenberg, J.H. Dowson, K. Hahn, E.G. Szekely, T. Riechert, H. Narabayashi, and I.A. Pullar

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Parkinsonism, medicine, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, medicine.disease, Psychiatry, Psychosurgery
Published
1972
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16. Stereotactic radiosurgery in intracranial arterio-venous malformations

Author

L, Steiner, L, Leksell, D M, Forster, T, Greitz, and E O, Backlund

Subjects
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations, Male, Cerebral Arteries, Middle Aged, Basal Ganglia, Cerebral Angiography, Stereotaxic Techniques, Circle of Willis, Humans, Female, Cobalt Radioisotopes, Child, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Published
1974

17. Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Intracranial Arterio-Venous Malformations

Author

E.-O. Backlund, T. Greitz, L. Leksell, D. M. C. Forster, and Ladislau Steiner

Subjects
Feeding artery, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine.artery, medicine, Arterial aneurysm, Surgical excision, Subarachnoid haemorrhage, Posterior cerebral artery, Radiology, business, Radiosurgery
Abstract

Stereotactic radiosurgery has been used to treat five arteriovenous malformations, in which surgical excision could not be carried out, using the “Co Gamma Unit.

Published
1974
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19. Visualisation of stereotactic radiolesions by nuclear magnetic resonance

Author

L. Leksell, D Leksell, T Herner, Bertil Persson, and C Lindquist

Subjects
Adult, Male, Cobalt Radioisotopes, Internal capsule, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, medicine.medical_treatment, Two stages, Radiosurgery, Stereotaxic Techniques, Nuclear magnetic resonance, medicine, Humans, business.industry, Anxiety Disorders, Corpus Striatum, Psychosurgery, Psychiatry and Mental health, Stereotaxic technique, Capsulotomy, Brain lesions, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business, Nuclear medicine, Research Article
Abstract

The ability to visualise stereotactic brain lesions produced by irradiation from the stereotactic Gamma Unit at the Karolinska Hospital was investigated. A patient who had undergone bilateral stereotactic gamma capsulotomy in two stages was examined by the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technique, which demonstrated that the stereotactic lesions in the internal capsule could be visualised in the immediate postoperative period. This gives stereotactic radiosurgery a reliable anatomical basis and facilitates the planning and follow-up studies in this type of cerebral surgery.

Published
1985

20. Lars Leksell

Author

L, Leksell

Subjects
Sweden, Neurosurgery, Animals, Cattle, History of Medicine
Published
1978

21. A new fixation device for the Leksell stereotaxic system. Technical note

Author

Bengt Jernberg, Ladislau Steiner, John R. Adler, Dan Leksell, L. Leksell, and Christer Lindquist

Subjects
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, business.industry, Stereotaxis, Stereotaxic surgery, Technical note, Stereotaxic Techniques, Tomography x ray computed, Stereotaxic technique, Stereotaxic radiosurgery, Medicine, Humans, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Neuroscience
Abstract

✓ A device is presented that permits several applications for the Leksell stereotaxic system. The patient is fixed in this new system by means of a rectangular instrument that connects to the standard Leksell stereotaxic coordinate frame and maintains spatial orientation after the frame itself is removed. Specific uses for this device include stereotaxic radiosurgery and stereotaxic guidance during microsurgery. Other attractive features of this device are its capability of being precisely reapplied, its compatibility with both computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the availability of an accessory device to adapt it for animal stereotaxis.

Published
1987

28. Treatment of craniopharyngiomas

Author

L, Leksell, E O, Backlund, and L, Johansson

Subjects
Adult, Male, Stereotaxic Techniques, Craniopharyngioma, Yttrium Isotopes, Humans, Phosphorus Isotopes, Female, Radionuclide Imaging
Published
1967

37. Treatment of parkinsonism by stereotatic thermolesions in the pallidal region. A clinical evaluation of 81 cases

Author

L. Leksell, E. Svennilson, A. Torvik, and R. Lowe

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Parkinsonism, Neurosurgery, Parkinson Disease, medicine.disease, Globus Pallidus, Basal Ganglia, Psychiatry and Mental health, Parkinsonian Disorders, Posteroventral pallidotomy, Physical therapy, Medicine, Humans, Pallidotomy, Ganglia, business, Clinical evaluation
Published
1960

41. The high-energy proton beam as a neurosurgical tool

Author

Börje Larsson, Bror Rexed, Bengt Andersson, L. Leksell, Patrick Sourander, and William Mair

Subjects
Nervous system, medicine.medical_specialty, Multidisciplinary, Materials science, Central nervous system, Neurosurgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Radioactivity, High energy proton, Ionization, medicine, Stereotaxic radiosurgery, Medical physics, Irradiation, Protons, Beam (structure)
Abstract

IRRADIATION with high-energy heavy particles is suitable for the destruction of small selected regions in the central nervous system. Tobias et al.1 irradiated the hypophysis of animals and man with 190-MeV. deuterons and 340-MeV. protons. Anderson et al.2 made lesions in the hypothalamus of the rat using 190-MeV. deuterons. Malis et al.3, making use of the thin ionization peak at the end of the beam, produced lesions at a depth of 0.8 mm. in the cerebral cortex of the cat with 10-MeV. protons. The continuation of animal experiments and the possible application of heavy-particle beams to stereotaxic radiosurgery in man4 5 make it essential to know their effects on the central nervous system in detail.

Published
1958

42. Influence of absorbed dose and field size on the geometry of the radiation-surgical brain lesion

Author

B. Larsson, H. Dahlin, Kerstin Rosander, L. Leksell, B. Sarby, and L. Steiner

Subjects
Adult, Male, Materials science, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Geometry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Radiation, Radiation Dosage, Pain, Intractable, Stereotaxic Techniques, Thalamus, Absorbed dose, Field size, Humans, Female, Intractable pain, Irradiation, Cobalt Radioisotopes, Radioisotope Teletherapy, Aged
Abstract

Specimens from a number of patients locally irradiated in the thalamus for intractable pain with a multiple gamma beam technique have been examined. The geometry of well circumscribed necrotic lesions was ascertained. No correlation was seen between the dimensions of the lesions and the size of the field, 3 mm X 5 mm or 3 mm X 7 mm, within the clinically useful dose range, 16 to 25 krad.

43. Discussion on Stereotaxic Techniques

Author

R. Chow, B.S. Nashold, V.A. Iliukhina, A. Struppler, A.N. Shandurina, G.R. Haase, K. Sugita, G. Schaltenbrand, C.D. Ray, F. Marossero, B. Friedel, E. Gabriel, F.J. Gillingham, N.M. Chebotaryova, L. Laitinen, W. Wahren, E. Groll-Knapp, J. Cophignon, P. Vogel, O. Tzavellas, H.T. Wycis, Y.K. Kim, H.E. Diemath, J. Siegfried, D.M.C. Forster, R. Ahmed, M. Dondey, B.-E. Roos, W. Umbach, G.R. Narayanaswamy, K. Hahn, Ed. Kandel, E.G. Szekely, D.K. Kambarova, T. Riechert, R. Hassler, K. Hartmann-von Monakow, B. Stewart, G. Kullberg, P. Richardson, H. Narabayashi, A. Caracalos, G. Dieckmann, G.P. Cabrini, A.N. Bondartchuk, F. Erbel, W.P. Wilson, H. Klasen, W. Pontzen, N. Mutsuga, P.C. Potthoff, B.A. Meyerson, J. Tetteh, I.A. Pullar, B. Rümler, H. Condé, L. Leksell, S. Tóth, R.M. Lehman, V.M. Smirnov, Yu.K. Matveev, T. Doi, M. Haider, P.L. Gildenberg, J.H. Dowson, A. Takeda, F. Peluso, B. Rewcastle, A.L. Andersson, V.K. Pozdeev, Y. Takaoka, E. Toivakka, H. Spuler, J.A. Ganglberger, K. Vaernet, R.R. Tasker, T. Nagao, F. Mundinger, C.H. Lücking, G. Ettorre, L. Infuso, R. Emmers, J. Gybels, R. Nakamura, M. Bénita, V.B. Gretchin, D. Zivanovic, P.-E. Almgren, T. Hirota, E.P. Petushkov, K. Nittner, K.A. West, H. Krayenbühl, and N.P. Bechtereva

Subjects
Computer science, Stereotaxic technique, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Biomedical engineering
Published
1972
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44. Discussion on Hyperkinesias

Author

J.A. Ganglberger, K. Vaernet, R. Ahmed, R.R. Tasker, S. Tóth, G.R. Narayanaswamy, A.L. Andersson, V.K. Pozdeev, K.A. West, H. Krayenbühl, E.G. Szekely, N.P. Bechtereva, A.N. Shandurina, G.R. Haase, T. Riechert, Ed. Kandel, C.D. Ray, W. Umbach, R. Hassler, G.P. Cabrini, D.M.C. Forster, R.M. Lehman, V.M. Smirnov, L. Leksell, Yu.K. Matveev, T. Doi, B.A. Meyerson, K. Nittner, F. Peluso, N. Mutsuga, P.L. Gildenberg, J.H. Dowson, H. Narabayashi, P. Richardson, K. Hartmann-von Monakow, A. Struppler, M. Haider, G. Dieckmann, K. Sugita, F. Erbel, E.P. Petushkov, O. Tzavellas, H. Klasen, T. Nagao, V.A. Iliukhina, A. Takeda, B. Friedel, H.T. Wycis, P.C. Potthoff, F. Mundinger, R. Chow, W. Pontzen, V.B. Gretchin, E. Toivakka, J. Gybels, F.J. Gillingham, L. Laitinen, B.S. Nashold, C.H. Lücking, R. Nakamura, M. Bénita, H. Condé, J. Cophignon, T. Hirota, P. Vogel, J. Tetteh, B. Rümler, G. Ettorre, F. Marossero, E. Groll-Knapp, J. Siegfried, K. Hahn, H. Spuler, W.P. Wilson, G. Kullberg, I.A. Pullar, W. Wahren, B. Stewart, A.N. Bondartchuk, L. Infuso, R. Emmers, H.E. Diemath, B.-E. Roos, D.K. Kambarova, A. Caracalos, B. Rewcastle, Y. Takaoka, E. Gabriel, N.M. Chebotaryova, G. Schaltenbrand, Y.K. Kim, M. Dondey, D. Zivanovic, and P.-E. Almgren

Subjects
business.industry, Medicine, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
1972
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45. Discussion on Treatment of Epilepsy and Intractable Pain

Author

O. Tzavellas, B.S. Nashold, B. Stewart, B. Friedel, J. Gybels, R. Nakamura, M. Bénita, N. Mutsuga, V.B. Gretchin, R. Chow, J. Cophignon, W. Wahren, E. Toivakka, A.N. Bondartchuk, B. Rewcastle, H. Klasen, A. Takeda, Y. Takaoka, P. Richardson, J. Siegfried, B.A. Meyerson, K. Nittner, P.C. Potthoff, M. Haider, P. Vogel, C.D. Ray, H.E. Diemath, S. Tóth, K. Sugita, H. Spuler, W. Umbach, A. Struppler, B.-E. Roos, G. Kullberg, D.K. Kambarova, E. Gabriel, N.M. Chebotaryova, V.M. Smirnov, Yu.K. Matveev, L. Infuso, R.M. Lehman, T. Doi, A. Caracalos, F. Erbel, R. Hassler, T. Nagao, K. Vaernet, H. Condé, R. Emmers, F.J. Gillingham, R.R. Tasker, F. Mundinger, L. Laitinen, R. Ahmed, K.A. West, E.P. Petushkov, K. Hartmann-von Monakow, H. Krayenbühl, G.R. Narayanaswamy, C.H. Lücking, A.N. Shandurina, G.R. Haase, N.P. Bechtereva, F. Marossero, V.A. Iliukhina, G. Ettorre, G. Schaltenbrand, H.T. Wycis, W.P. Wilson, D. Zivanovic, P.-E. Almgren, J.A. Ganglberger, T. Hirota, A.L. Andersson, V.K. Pozdeev, Ed. Kandel, G.P. Cabrini, L. Leksell, E.G. Szekely, T. Riechert, P.L. Gildenberg, J.H. Dowson, J. Tetteh, H. Narabayashi, B. Rümler, F. Peluso, I.A. Pullar, D.M.C. Forster, Y.K. Kim, G. Dieckmann, W. Pontzen, E. Groll-Knapp, M. Dondey, and K. Hahn

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Epilepsy, business.industry, Anesthesia, medicine, Surgery, Intractable pain, Neurology (clinical), medicine.disease, business
Published
1972
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46. Discussion on Metabolic and Vegetative Disorders in Parkinsonism

Author

F. Erbel, J. Cophignon, G. Dieckmann, K. Nittner, Ed. Kandel, W. Pontzen, V.A. Iliukhina, B. Rewcastle, G. Ettorre, G.P. Cabrini, Y. Takaoka, F. Peluso, B.S. Nashold, L. Leksell, J. Tetteh, C.D. Ray, B. Rümler, H. Klasen, E. Groll-Knapp, P. Vogel, D.M.C. Forster, P.C. Potthoff, K. Hahn, P. Richardson, P.L. Gildenberg, J.H. Dowson, W. Umbach, R. Chow, H. Condé, G.R. Narayanaswamy, T. Hirota, K.A. West, H. Krayenbühl, D. Zivanovic, N.P. Bechtereva, P.-E. Almgren, R. Ahmed, G. Schaltenbrand, R. Hassler, L. Infuso, R. Emmers, A.N. Shandurina, G.R. Haase, E.P. Petushkov, V.B. Gretchin, K. Sugita, J. Gybels, T. Nagao, F. Mundinger, R. Nakamura, C.H. Lücking, M. Bénita, A. Takeda, V.M. Smirnov, Yu.K. Matveev, T. Doi, E. Toivakka, J.A. Ganglberger, A. Struppler, K. Vaernet, R.R. Tasker, F.J. Gillingham, L. Laitinen, E. Gabriel, N.M. Chebotaryova, B. Stewart, H. Spuler, A.N. Bondartchuk, A.L. Andersson, V.K. Pozdeev, N. Mutsuga, W.P. Wilson, B. Friedel, Y.K. Kim, E.G. Szekely, T. Riechert, M. Dondey, H. Narabayashi, I.A. Pullar, H.E. Diemath, B.A. Meyerson, B.-E. Roos, D.K. Kambarova, A. Caracalos, O. Tzavellas, J. Siegfried, M. Haider, G. Kullberg, S. Tóth, R.M. Lehman, W. Wahren, F. Marossero, H.T. Wycis, and K. Hartmann-von Monakow

Subjects
business.industry, Parkinsonism, Medicine, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.disease, Neuroscience
Published
1972
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48. Radiosurgical Thalamotomy for Intractable Pain

Author

B.A. Meyerson, L. Leksell, and D.M.C. Forster

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Text mining, business.industry, Thalamotomy, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine, Surgery, Intractable pain, Neurology (clinical), business, Malignant disease
Published
1972
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49. "Thermodilution"--a flawed method for the measurement of cardiac output.

Author

Leksell L and Wallin C

Subjects
Blood Circulation, Cardiac Catheterization, Cardiac Output, Low diagnosis, Catheterization, Swan-Ganz, Coloring Agents, Ethanol, Humans, Indicator Dilution Techniques, Indicators and Reagents administration & dosage, Indocyanine Green, Pulmonary Circulation, Thermometers, Cardiac Output, Thermodilution instrumentation, Thermodilution methods
Published
1997
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50. [Oxygen--when, why, how? Treatment of chronic hypoxia and other lung diseases].

Author

Dellborg M, Leksell L, Midgren B, Skoogh BE, and Ström K

Subjects
Coronary Disease therapy, Critical Care, Dyspnea therapy, Heart Failure therapy, Home Nursing, Humans, Hypoxia therapy, Lung Diseases, Obstructive therapy, Oxygen Inhalation Therapy economics, Oxygen Inhalation Therapy instrumentation, Oxygen Inhalation Therapy methods
Published
1993

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