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Abstract We study the gravitational edge mode in the N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) supergravity on the disk and its osp(2|1) BF formulation. We revisit the derivation of the finite-temperature Schwarzian action in the conformal gauge of the bosonic JT gravity through wiggling boundary and the frame fluctuation descriptions. Extending our method to N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 JT supergravity, we derive the finite-temperature super-Schwarzian action for the edge mode from both the wiggling boundary and the superframe field fluctuation. We emphasize the crucial role of the inversion of the super-Schwarzian derivative in elucidating the relation between the isometry and the OSp(2|1) gauging of the super-Schwarzian action. In osp(2|1) BF formulation, we discuss the asymptotic AdS condition. We employ the Iwasawa-like decomposition of OSp(2|1) group element to derive the super-Schwarzian action at finite temperature. We demonstrate that the OSp(2|1) gauging arises from inherent redundancy in the Iwasawa-like decomposition. We also discuss the path integral measure obtained from the Haar measure of OSp(2|1).

Abstract We study a holographic construction of conformal blocks in the Regge limit of four-point scalar correlation functions by using coordinates of the two-sided Rindler-AdS black hole. As a generalization of geodesic Witten diagrams, we construct diagrams with four external scalar fields in the Rindler-AdS black hole by integrating over two half-geodesics between the centers of Penrose diagrams and points at the AdS boundary. We demonstrate that late-time behaviors of the diagrams coincide with the Regge behaviors of conformal blocks. We also point out their relevance with the pole-skipping phenomena by showing that the near-horizon analysis of symmetric traceless fields with any integer spin in the Rindler-AdS black hole can capture the Regge behaviors of conformal blocks.

Abstract We revisit T T ¯ $$ T\overline{T} $$ deformations of d = 2 theories with fermions with a view toward the quantization. As a simple illustration, we compute the deformed Dirac bracket for a Majorana doublet and confirm the known eigenvalue flows perturbatively. We mostly consider those T T ¯ $$ T\overline{T} $$ theories that can be reconstructed from string-like theories upon integrating out the worldsheet metric. After a quick overview of how this works when we add NSR-like or GS-like fermions, we obtain a known non-supersymmetric T T ¯ $$ T\overline{T} $$ deformation of a N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (1, 1) theory from the latter, based on the Noether energy-momentum. This world- sheet reconstruction implies that the latter is actually a supersymmetric subsector of a d = 3 GS-like model, implying hidden supercharges, which we do construct explicitly. This brings us to ask about different T T ¯ $$ T\overline{T} $$ deformations, such as manifestly supersymmetric T T ¯ $$ T\overline{T} $$ and also more generally via the symmetric energy-momentum. We show that, for theories with fermions, such choices often lead us to doubling of degrees of freedom, with potential unitarity issues. We show that the extra sector develops a divergent gap in the “small deformation” limit and decouples in the infrared, although it remains uncertain in what sense these can be considered a deformation.

Abstract We study scalar and vector exchange terms in out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) holographically. By applying a computational method in graviton exchange, we analyze exponential behaviors in scalar and vector exchange terms at late times. We show that their exponential behaviors in simple holographic models are related to pole-skipping points obtained from the near-horizon equations of motion of scalar and the vector fields. Our results are generalizations of the relation between the graviton exchange effect in OTOCs and the pole-skipping phenomena of the dual operator, to scalar and the vector fields.

Abstract We clarify general mathematical and physical properties of pole-skipping points. For this purpose, we analyse scalar and vector fields in hyperbolic space. This setup is chosen because it is simple enough to allow us to obtain analytical expressions for the Green’s function and check everything explicitly, while it contains all the essential features of pole-skipping points. We classify pole-skipping points in three types (type-I, II, III). Type-I and Type-II are distinguished by the (limiting) behavior of the Green’s function near the pole-skipping points. Type-III can arise at non-integer iω values, which is due to a specific UV condition, contrary to the types I and II, which are related to a non-unique near horizon boundary condition. We also clarify the relation between the pole-skipping structure of the Green’s function and the near horizon analysis. We point out that there are subtle cases where the near horizon analysis alone may not be able to capture the existence and properties of the pole-skipping points.

Abstract Motivated by the recent connection between pole-skipping phenomena of two point functions and four point out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs), we study the pole structure of thermal two-point functions in d-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) in hyperbolic space. We derive the pole-skipping points of two-point functions of scalar and vector fields by three methods (one field theoretic and two holographic methods) and confirm that they agree. We show that the leading pole-skipping point of two point functions is related with the late time behavior of conformal blocks and shadow conformal blocks in four-point OTOCs.

Background: Nursing service is a nonroutine work with an excessive physical load and diverse tasks. This study derived representative common tasks based on the frequently occurring tasks with a high physical load in the nursing workers' daily work and developed indicators to evaluate the work risk by reflecting the characteristics of nonroutine work. Methods: Common tasks were classified through the following stages: literature review, first focus group interview (FGI) with experts, first classification of common tasks, second FGI with hospital health managers, a survey of nursing service workers, and the final classification of common tasks for each task type. To develop an objective risk index for physical load assessment, we investigated the frequency and duration of the derived common tasks via survey. Results: Nursing common tasks were categorized into six task types and 56 subtasks. To evaluate the risks of various tasks in nonroutine works, three frequencies and three working time levels were defined by examining the task frequency and working hours. Exposure time was defined to reflect the characteristics of a nonroutine job. The final risk assessment was the product of the exposure time level and job intensity level. From this, four risk action levels were derived. Conclusion: This study has the advantage of solving the problem of focusing on some tasks in evaluating the physical load. It was meaningful in that a new risk assessment index based on exposure time was proposed based on the development of an evaluation scale for frequency and time by reflecting the characteristics of nonroutine work.

Background: This study investigated the effect of increased job stress, caused by musculoskeletal disease (MSD) among firefighters, on a firefighter's intention to leave the profession, henceforth referred to as “turnover intention,” and verified the moderating effect of mindfulness on such a relationship. Methods: A survey involving a total of 549 Korean male firefighters as participants was conducted herein, and the following results were obtained: the mediation effect of the MSD to turnover intention through job stress was confirmed, and the indirect effect of job stress was verified. Results: We verified the moderated mediation effect of mindfulness on the relation:MSD, job stress, and turnover intention. The conditional indirect effect for middle and high levels of mindfulness is significant. Conclusion: The result of this study is supported by proofs of the relationship between a firefighter's MSD, job stress, and turnover intention, and these case studies reveal the moderated mediation effect of dispositional mindfulness.

Abstract Orostachys japonicus (O. japonicus) is utilized as a traditional medicine for patients with various diseases. This study investigated the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction from O. japonicus extract (OJE) on the growth inhibition of OVCAR‐3 human ovarian cancer cells demonstrated to inhibit cell growth and arrest the cell cycle in OVCAR‐3 cells by blocking the sub‐G1 phase and decreasing cyclin E1/CDK2 expression. Cell cycle arrest was connected to the increased expression of the cell cycle regulating factors p53 and p21. Apoptosis was initiated through the intrinsic pathway by up‐regulating the expression of the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio and down‐regulating the expression of pro‐caspase‐3. Furthermore, OJE treatment elicited p‐p38 activation and p‐ERK1/2 inhibition. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that OJE reduced the growth of OVCAR‐3 human ovarian cancer cells mediated by arrest of the cell cycle and regulation of MAPK signaling pathways.

The objective of this study was to accurately predict the grip strength using a deep learning-based method (e.g., multi-layer perceptron [MLP] regression). The maximal grip strength with varying postures (upper arm, forearm, and lower body) of 164 young adults (100 males and 64 females) were collected. The data set was divided into a training set (90% of data) and a test set (10% of data). Different combinations of variables including demographic and anthropometric information of individual participants and postures was tested and compared to find the most predictive model. The MLP regression and 3 different polynomial regressions (linear, quadratic, and cubic) were conducted and the performance of regression was compared. The results showed that including all variables showed better performance than other combinations of variables. In general, MLP regression showed higher performance than polynomial regressions. Especially, MLP regression considering all variables achieved the highest performance of grip strength prediction (RMSE = 69.01N, R = 0.88, ICC = 0.92). This deep learning-based regression (MLP) would be useful to predict on-site- and individual-specific grip strength in the workspace to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremity.

Obese people are prone to foot deformities such as flat feet. Foot management programs are important to prevent them. This study investigated the effects of two foot-ankle interventions on balance ability, foot arch, ankle strength, plantar fascia thickness, and foot functions in obese people with pes planus for four weeks. The experiment was designed as a randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected, and they were randomly assigned to either a short foot group (SFG) or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation group (PNFG) according to foot-ankle intervention. Two interventions were commenced three times a week for 20 min over four weeks. The tests were conducted at two intervals: pre-intervention and at four weeks. The tests were conducted in the following order: the patient-specific functional scale test (PSFS), an ultrasound of the plantar fascia, the navicular drop test, balance test, and the four-way ankle strength test. Two groups showed significant differences in balance ability, foot arch, ankle strength, plantar fascia thickness, and foot functions between pre-test and post-test (p < 0.05). PNFG had significantly higher dorsiflexor and invertor strength than SFG (p < 0.05). SF and PNF interventions were effective to improve balance ability, foot arch, ankle strength, plantar fascia thickness, and foot functions in obese people with pes planus. Additionally, PNF intervention is more beneficial in increasing the dorsiflexor and invertor strength compared to SF intervention.

The original article has been corrected. Because of an error in the production stage, in the original paper the order of the authors was wrong. The correct order for the authors is: Kyung-Sun Lee, Mitsuhiro Nishida and Keun-Young Kim. The originally published wrong file has been replaced online.

Background and objectives: Obese people have many foot-related disorders and plantar fasciitis (PF) is the most common disorder among them. However, research on the role of therapeutic exercises in PF is lacking and there is no evidence to suggest its benefits. As such, a further insight into therapeutic exercises is needed within this group. This case study investigated the effect of three-dimensional (3D) ankle exercises using a combined isotonic (CI) technique on function and balance in an obese subject with PF. Material and methods: The subject in this study was a 28-year-old obese woman who was diagnosed with PF by an orthopedic surgeon. A 3D ankle exercise program was commenced three times a week for 15 min over 4 weeks. The evaluations were conducted at five intervals: pre-test, and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks from the initiation of the intervention. The tests were conducted in the following order: the patient-specific functional scale test (PSFS), an ultrasound of the plantar fascia, the heel pressure and balance test, the pressure pain threshold (PPT), and the 4-way ankle strength test. Results: The mean score of the PSFS test reduced by 70.55% after 4 weeks of the intervention. The thickness of the plantar fascia and heel pressure measured during single-leg standing decreased by 6.67% and 10.37%, respectively, after 4 weeks of the intervention. The anteroposterior and medial-lateral balance ability showed improvements of 8.29% and 8.61%, respectively, after 4 weeks of the intervention. The PPT improved by 38.01% after 4 weeks of the intervention. In the 4-way ankle strength test, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion increased by 14.46%, 9.63%, 4.3% and 13.25%, respectively, after 4 weeks of the intervention. Conclusion: 3D ankle exercises utilizing the CI technique were shown to be effective in improving foot function, pressure pain, and muscle strength in dorsiflexion and inversion in an obese patient with PF.

The human hand is a complex structure that performs various functions for activities of daily living and occupations. This paper presents a literature review on the methodologies used to evaluate hand functions from a biomechanics standpoint, including anthropometry, kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography (EMG). Anthropometry describes the dimensions and measurements of the hand. Kinematics includes hand movements and the range of motion of finger joints. Kinetics includes hand models for tendon and joint force analysis. EMG is used on hand muscles associated with hand functions and with signal-processing technology.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, awareness of the importance of the indoor environment has increased. The indoor light environment is crucial because it impacts the energy consumption of buildings and affects human health and biorhythms as people spend most of their time indoors. Previous studies have concluded that the indoor light environment is essential to human health. However, it is not sufficient to analyze and evaluate the indoor light environment related to occupants’ health in the context of building design. Therefore, this study aims to review and propose an indoor light environment evaluation methodology for human well-being using quantitative and qualitative evaluations of light, health, and environment. This study presents guidelines for evaluating buildings’ indoor light environment for sustainability and well-being. Additionally, it provides an overall checklist of the indoor light environment evaluation process in Conceptualization, Light Environment Identification, Questionnaire, Environment Analysis, Comparison, and Conclusion. The evaluation checklist established through the results of this study could help establish a research methodology for the indoor light environment for human well-being and apply it to evaluate indoor light environments for residents’ comfort and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, awareness of the importance of the indoor environment has increased. The indoor light environment is crucial because it impacts the energy consumption of buildings and affects human health and biorhythms as people spend most of their time indoors. Previous studies have concluded that the indoor light environment is essential to human health. However, it is not sufficient to analyze and evaluate the indoor light environment related to occupants' health in the context of building design. Therefore, this study aims to review and propose an indoor light environment evaluation methodology for human well-being using quantitative and qualitative evaluations of light, health, and environment. This study presents guidelines for evaluating buildings' indoor light environment for sustainability and well-being. Additionally, it provides an overall checklist of the indoor light environment evaluation process in Conceptualization, Light Environment Identification, Questionnaire, Environment Analysis, Comparison, and Conclusion. The evaluation checklist established through the results of this study could help establish a research methodology for the indoor light environment for human well-being, and apply it to evaluate indoor light environments for residents' comfort and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]