Search

Sawdust of radiata pine was pyrolyzed in a bench scale plant equipped mainly with a fluidized bed, a char separation system, and a series of quenching columns. In the experiments, the influence of reaction temperature and feed size on the yield of bio-oil was investigated. In addition, the efficiency of the char separation system, which was composed of a cyclone, as well as a hot filter, was examined by considering the content of alkali and alkali earth metals in the bio-oil. Chemical and physical analyses were also conducted with each pyrolysis product fraction. The maximum yield of bio-oil, 67 wt% of product, was obtained at 474 °C. A smaller particle size was found to be better for the production of bio-oil due to good heat transfer into the inner part of the feed. Bio-oils obtained with the char removal system contained about 0.01 wt% of ash. In particular, a sample of bio-oil had characteristics of being almost alkali and alkali earth metal free, and had less than 1 ppm of calcium, magnesium, and potassium. The char that was produced had a higher heating value of 26 MJ/kg. Therefore, it can be used as an energy-supplying source.

Rice straw is one of the main renewable energy sources in Korea, and bio-oil from rice straw is produced using a bench-scale plant that is equipped mainly with a fluidized bed and a char removal system. We investigated how the reaction temperature affected the production of bio-oil and the efficiency of a char removal system. To elucidate how the temperature was dependent on the production of bio-oil, experiments were conducted between 400 °C and 600 °C at a feed rate of ∼1 kg/h. The mass balance was established in each experiment, and the produced gas and oil were analyzed with the aid of gas chromatography and a gas chromatography−mass spectroscopy (GC−MS) system. The effect of pretreating rice straw was also investigated by comparing the yield of bio-oil and the content of alkali metals in the bio-oil from the experiments on unwashed rice straw with the corresponding values of washed rice straw. The char removal system is composed of a cyclone and a hot filter. After every experiment, we examined the p...

To develop a new detection method using irradiation-induced volatile marker compounds of red pepper powder (RP), the volatile compounds of irradiated RP (0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 kGy) were analyzed by purge and trap (P&T)/solid phase microextraction (SPME)/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods. A total of 51 and 31 compounds were detected in IRP by SPME and P&T methods, respectively. Among these, 25 compounds, which were composed of 4 hydrocarbons, 7 aldehydes, 1 ketone, 3 alcohols, 4 aromatic compounds, 2 esters and 4 miscellaneous compounds, showed irradiation dependent manner with significant positive correlation (p

Gallbladder stone is one of the major cause of morbidity in adults. Renal transplantation has been found to increase the risk of gallbladder stone formation. The real incidence of gallbladder stones in renal transplant recipients is not exactly known. We performed this study to identify the risk factors for cholecystolithiasis.We compared the prevalence of gallbladder stone in 222 renal transplantation patients with that in 222 age and sex matched controls. Patients who had chronic liver disease, renal disease, and diabetes were excluded from the control group.In our study, the incidence of gallbladder stones is 8.6% (19/222 patients) in renal transplantation patients, which was significantly higher than 3.60% (8/222 control) in the control group (p=0.029). In the most of our renal transplantation patients, cholecystolithiasis was asymptomatic. We did not find a difference in age, sex, duration after transplantation, causes of renal failure, resistance index between patients with and without gallbladder stones in renal transplantation patients.Our results suggest that the incidence of gallbladder stones is higher in renal transplant recipients than non-transplant population in Korea. Further studies will be needed to focus the factors contributing to the gallbladder stone formation after renal transplantation, especially in regard to immunosuppressive drugs.

The purpose of the study was to examine the adolescents' awareness and practice of Dietary Action Guide for Adolescence, which was developed by the Ministry of Health & Welfare. Subjects were middle and high school students, selected one class each from all of the 16 provinces in Korea, which were 32 schools and 998 students all together. The subjects were asked to self-evaluate the degree of awareness and practice of Dietary Action Guide using the 5 point-Likert scale from July to September, 2010. On average, 55.1% of the students responded that they were aware of the Dietary Action Guide and 49.4% answered that they put Guidelines into practice. The average score of awareness and practice were 3.54 ± 0.24 and 3.42 ± 0.33, respectively. The awareness score was higher than those of practice score in all the questions in the 6 categories. Awareness score of female students was higher than those of male students but there was no difference by residence area. Awareness and practice of the nutrition education-experienced were higher than those of the inexperienced. Practice score was higher among middle school-students compared to high school students, which reflected the opportunity of taking nutrition related classes. This finding shows that nutrition education for adolescents is important to change their dietary behaviors regardless of gender, residence area and school level. (Korean J Community Nutr 17(2) : 133~145, 2012)

1. 1. Protein methylase I (S-adenosylmethionine[:]protein-arginine N-methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.23) which methylates protein-bound arginine residues has been purified from human term placenta 400-fold with an approximate yield of 6%. 2. 2. When histone was used as in vitro substrate, the methylation products were found to be NG-mono-, NG, NG-di- and NG, N'G-dimethylarginine. The enzyme was found to be sensitive toward Cu2+ with Ki, value of 8 x lO-5M. The Km value for S-adenosyl-L-methionine was 5 x lO-6M. 3. 3. When this partially purified protein methylase I was incubated with isolated human placental nuclei and S-adenosyl-L-Imethyl-'Hlmethionine, the major endogenous [methyl-3H]-labeled proteins were protein species of 23,38,45 and 68 kDa, the 23 kDa species being the most predominant. 4. 4. The endogenous enzyme activity during the pregnancy increased significantly, reaching more than 4 times the initial activity at the end of term.

Fistula between coronary artery and pulmonary artery is a type of coronary artery anomalies. It can cause atypical chest pain and fatigue, angina pectoris, endocarditis, finally myocardial steal can result in heart failure and myocardial infarction. But only 0.1-0.2% of coronary angiographic studies reveal the communications between coronary artery and other spaces. (heart chamber, pulmonary artery etc.) It is frequently congenital, but acquired types are increasing because chest and heart manipulations such as opertion of tetralogy of Fallot, endomyocardial biopsy, radiation therapy, or penetrating blunt trauma are increasing. There are reports about repair of fistula using thrombogenic tips, coil embolization and surgical intervention. We report a connection between coronary artery and pulmonary artery in 79 years old female. She was 30 pack-years smoker and suffered from dyspnea several years with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. She presented with atypical chest pain and palpitation after admission. Electrocardiography showed ST-T wave abnormality. Emergency coronary angiography and chest CT scan revealed coronary-pulmonary artery fistula. Transcatheter embolization was performed and she was relieved from discomforts.

Background : Intrathecal injection of analgesic agents stash as opioids, clonidine, ketamine and nalbu-phine with a local anesthetic agent during spinal anesthesia for operation is an easy and convenient way to get postoperative analgesia. Intralhecal neostigmine causes an increased Ach concentration in CSF and also has an analgesic effect. This study was designed to examine its postoperative analgesic effect and adverse effects such as nausea/vomiting and urinary retention etc. Methods: We divided 27 patients who were supposed to receive orthopedic surgery of lower extremities into 3 groups. The control group as injected with heavy bupivacaine 13 mg and normal saline and the N50 and N75 groups were injected with the sane amount of bupivacaine combined with neostigmine 50 mcg and 75 mcg respectively. We examined total amount of fluid intake and side effects during operation, and time to first rescue analgesic medication, time to first urination, total applications of rescue analgesic agent, total number of urinary catheterizations for 24 hr after intrathecal injection and adverse effects of intrathecat neostigmine in the ward. Results : The N75 group showed a significantly longer analgesic duration compared with the control and N5O groups, but the incidence of urinary retention and number of urinary catheterizations increased in the N75 group significantly. Nausea/vomiting significantly increased in N75 compared with control. Shivering was more common in N5O. 2 patients who recieved neostigmine 75 mcg complained of chest discomfort suggesting myocardial ischemia in EKG taken in those episodes. Conolusion : Neostigmine 75 mcg has better analgesic effect but more frequent adverse effects than control or neostigmine 50 rncg. Therefore, we suggest using high doses of neostigmine cautiously and being aware its side effects. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 38: 42∼48)