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1. The Current Status and Future Prospects of KAGRA, the Large-Scale Cryogenic Gravitational Wave Telescope Built in the Kamioka Underground

Author: Homare Abe, Tomotada Akutsu, Masaki Ando, Akito Araya, Naoki Aritomi, Hideki Asada, Yoichi Aso, Sangwook Bae, Rishabh Bajpai, Kipp Cannon, Zhoujian Cao, Eleonora Capocasa, Man Leong Chan, Dan Chen, Yi-Ru Chen, Marc Eisenmann, Raffaele Flaminio, Heather K. Fong, Yuta Fujikawa, Yuya Fujimoto, I. Putu Wira Hadiputrawan, Sadakazu Haino, Wenbiao Han, Kazuhiro Hayama, Yoshiaki Himemoto, Naoatsu Hirata, Chiaki Hirose, Tsung-Chieh Ho, Bin-Hua Hsieh, He-Feng Hsieh, Chia-Hsuan Hsiung, Hsiang-Yu Huang, Panwei Huang, Yao-Chin Huang, Yun-Jing Huang, David C. Y. Hui, Kohei Inayoshi, Yuki Inoue, Yousuke Itoh, Pil-Jong Jung, Takaaki Kajita, Masahiro Kamiizumi, Nobuyuki Kanda, Takashi Kato, Chunglee Kim, Jaewan Kim, Young-Min Kim, Yuichiro Kobayashi, Kazunori Kohri, Keiko Kokeyama, Albert K. H. Kong, Naoki Koyama, Chihiro Kozakai, Jun’ya Kume, Sachiko Kuroyanagi, Kyujin Kwak, Eunsub Lee, Hyung Won Lee, Ray-Kuang Lee, Matteo Leonardi, Kwan-Lok Li, Pengbo Li, Lupin Chun-Che Lin, Chun-Yu Lin, En-Tzu Lin, Hong-Lin Lin, Guo-Chin Liu, Ling-Wei Luo, Miftahul Ma’arif, Yuta Michimura, Norikatsu Mio, Osamu Miyakawa, Kouseki Miyo, Shinji Miyoki, Nozomi Morisue, Kouji Nakamura, Hiroyuki Nakano, Masayuki Nakano, Tatsuya Narikawa, Lan Nguyen Quynh, Takumi Nishimoto, Atsushi Nishizawa, Yoshihisa Obayashi, Kwangmin Oh, Masatake Ohashi, Tomoya Ohashi, Masashi Ohkawa, Yoshihiro Okutani, Ken-ichi Oohara, Shoichi Oshino, Kuo-Chuan Pan, Alessandro Parisi, June Gyu Park, Fabián E. Peña Arellano, Surojit Saha, Kazuki Sakai, Takahiro Sawada, Yuichiro Sekiguchi, Lijing Shao, Yutaka Shikano, Hirotaka Shimizu, Katsuhiko Shimode, Hisaaki Shinkai, Ayaka Shoda, Kentaro Somiya, Inhyeok Song, Ryosuke Sugimoto, Jishnu Suresh, Takamasa Suzuki, Takanori Suzuki, Toshikazu Suzuki, Hideyuki Tagoshi, Hirotaka Takahashi, Ryutaro Takahashi, Hiroki Takeda, Mei Takeda, Atsushi Taruya, Takayuki Tomaru, Tomonobu Tomura, Lucia Trozzo, Terrence T. L. Tsang, Satoshi Tsuchida, Takuya Tsutsui, Darkhan Tuyenbayev, Nami Uchikata, Takashi Uchiyama, Tomoyuki Uehara, Koh Ueno, Takafumi Ushiba, Maurice H. P. M. van Putten, Tatsuki Washimi, Chien-Ming Wu, Hsun-Chung Wu, Tomohiro Yamada, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Takahiro Yamamoto, Ryo Yamazaki, Shu-Wei Yeh, Jun’ichi Yokoyama, Takaaki Yokozawa, Hirotaka Yuzurihara, Simon Zeidler, and Yuhang Zhao
Subjects: gravitational wave detector, laser interferometer, cryogenics, underground, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract: KAGRA is a gravitational-wave (GW) detector constructed in Japan with two unique key features: It was constructed underground, and the test-mass mirrors are cooled to cryogenic temperatures. These features are not included in other kilometer-scale detectors but will be adopted in future detectors such as the Einstein Telescope. KAGRA performed its first joint observation run with GEO600 in 2020. In this observation, the sensitivity of KAGRA to GWs was inferior to that of other kilometer-scale detectors such as LIGO and Virgo. However, further upgrades to the detector are ongoing to reach the sensitivity for detecting GWs in the next observation run, which is scheduled for 2022. In this article, the current situation, sensitivity, and future perspectives are reviewed.
Published: 2022
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2. Supernova model discrimination with hyper-kamiokande

Author: Y. Nagao, H. Tanaka, A. Minamino, B. Navarro-Garcia, Z. Xie, L. Nascimento Machado, J. Lagoda, M. Shinoki, S. Cuen-Rochin, Arman Esmaili, F. Ballester, S. Parsa, N. McCauley, Jung-Hyun Kim, K. Frankiewicz, L. L. Kormos, Masaki Ishitsuka, M. Malek, V. Valentino, N. Kazarian, T. Wachala, E. Drakopoulou, G. Grella, V. Paolone, L. F. Thompson, A. K. Tomatani-Sánchez, A. Blanchet, R. A. Wendell, John Ellis, J. Y. Kim, N. W. Prouse, O. V. Mineev, M. R. Vagins, T. Boschi, T. Lindner, J. González-Nuevo, Hiroshi Ito, N. Skrobova, M. La Commara, L. Gialanella, F. Orozco-Luna, T. Kumita, A. Garfagnini, S. H. Jeon, A. Dergacheva, Hiroaki Menjo, A. T. Suzuki, K. Okamoto, C. E. R. Naseby, J. F. Martin, T. Iijima, M. Mezzetto, G. Ricciardi, J. R. Wilson, P. Gumplinger, Y. Takemoto, G. Galinski, K. Zaremba, T. Nakadaira, D. Vivolo, A. Carroll, C. Vilela, A. Blondel, A. Rychter, T. A. Doyle, C. Garde, G. De Rosa, A. Oshlianskyi, Hiroyuki Sekiya, R. Matsumoto, G. Pastuszak, P. J. Rajda, F. Monrabal, Yoichi Asaoka, G. Díaz López, K. L. Stankevich, C. D. Shin, Y. Fukuda, Yuto Ashida, Michal Malinský, T. Suganuma, B. Radics, Kohta Murase, Marco Grassi, P. Mehta, F. Cafagna, Ahmed Ali, L. Koerich, Vincenzo Berardi, Etam Noah, F. J. P. Soler, Alan Cosimo Ruggeri, M. Kekic, G. Vasseur, S. Wronka, M. Thiesse, B. Ferrazzi, K. Iwamoto, Yu. Kudenko, Atsushi Takeda, Kendall Mahn, David Hadley, B. Roskovec, M. Bergevin, A. Korzenev, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M. Tzanov, M. Ikeda, Federico Sanchez, W. Obrębski, H. S. Jo, Y. Takeuchi, Piotr Kalaczyński, S. Chakraborty, J. C. Nugent, S. King, P. Paganini, M. Miura, F. Ameli, D. N. Yeum, C. J. Metelko, Akito Araya, T. Kajita, M. Tanaka, I. T. Lim, L. Mellet, S. Y. Kim, S. Bolognesi, A. Bravar, J. S. Jang, D. Svirida, A. Fiorentini, J. Renner, M. Chabera, L. O'Sullivan, V. Herrero, F. Iacob, K. Nakamura, Ko Okumura, Lukasz Stawarz, N. Ogawa, Laura Bonavera, Y. Maekawa, Takatomi Yano, Ll. Marti, H. J. Rose, S. El Hedri, L. Maret, G. Zarnecki, L. Bernard, S. H. Seo, H. Nakamura, H. Ozaki, A. P. Kryukov, A. Popov, Hisakazu Minakata, M. Buizza Avanzini, P. Sarmah, K. Martens, Sergio Luis Suárez Gómez, Hiroaki Aihara, V. Lezaun, G. A. Cowan, C. Riccio, S. Garode, R. Akutsu, M. Lamers James, T. Nicholls, I. Alekseev, K. Kowalik, J. Kasperek, T. Zakrzewski, S. B. Kim, T. Kutter, Evan O'Connor, B. Jamieson, F. Nova, M. Barbi, Xianguo Lu, Y. Sonoda, M. Friend, Teppei Katori, L. H. V. Anthony, A. Shaikhiev, C. J. Densham, V. Gousy-Leblanc, I. Bandac, J. H. Choi, S. Sano, A. K. Ichikawa, Magda Cicerchia, S. Valder, S. Roth, J. Kameda, M. Zito, A. Vijayvargi, S. Nakai, Y. Kotsar, K. M. Tsui, K. Hoshina, K. K. Joo, C. Pastore, T. Marchi, K. Niewczas, K. Nakayoshi, G. Fiorillo, C. McGrew, P. F. Loverre, S. Playfer, G.D. Barr, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, E. S. Pinzon Guerra, André Rubbia, D. Karlen, Th. A. Mueller, L. Koch, F. J. Mora, M. M. Khabibullin, Hidekazu Kakuno, Yoshitaka Itow, H. K. Tanaka, P. Adrich, Jeong-Eun Lee, S. Samani, M. G. Catanesi, M. Yu, M. J. Wilking, Robert Svoboda, P. Mijakowski, N. Kolev, Yu. Onishchuk, A. Kato, J. M. Poutissou, C. Bronner, Yutaka Nakajima, B. Richards, C. Ruggles, M. Needham, P. Jonsson, Y. Hayato, S. Mine, A. Konaka, L. Munteanu, Kunio Inoue, O. Drapier, Kenneth Long, M. McCarthy, T. Kinoshita, G. Tortone, Yuuki Nakano, T. Feusels, N. Izumi, Reetanjali Moharana, T. Dealtry, S. Hassani, G. Pronost, K. Sakashita, J. G. Learned, H. M. O'Keeffe, Shintaro Ito, E. Rondio, Toru Ogitsu, D. A. Patel, Tatiana Ovsiannikova, M. Guigue, Yusuke Koshio, T. Matsubara, S. M. Stellacci, R. J. Wilkes, G. Santucci, S. Y. Suzuki, S. D. Rountree, K. Zietara, A. A. Quiroga, M. Jakkapu, A. Boiano, L. Berns, M. O. Wascko, M. M. Vyalkov, K. Porwit, M. Taani, A. Evangelisti, I. Sashima, Michal Dziewiecki, J. Feng, Y. Seiya, M. Yonenaga, B. Spisso, B. W. Pointon, C. M. Mollo, N. Booth, S. V. Cao, N. Ospina, A. J. Finch, V. Takhistov, E. Radicioni, P. Przewlocki, S. Nakayama, S. Yen, T. Sekiguchi, Yudai Suwa, J. M. Calvo-Mozota, S. Zsoldos, C. Checchia, M. Posiadala-Zezula, E. O'Sullivan, Janusz Marzec, F. Retiere, Jan T. Sobczyk, P. Migliozzi, S. Borjabad, I. Di Palma, John Hill, K. A. Kouzakov, D. L. Wark, L. Cook, D. Sgalaberna, E. W. Miller, M. Lamoureux, M. Y. Pac, S. Russo, S. L. Cartwright, Yasunari Suzuki, D. Bose, B. Zaldivar, D. Martin, Dongsu Ryu, Z. Shan, S. Miki, M. Jiang, J. Kisiel, N. Yershov, M. Matusiak, C. Pea-Garay, K. Sato, Jesús Daniel Santos, Y. Yamaguchi, D. Bravo-Berguo, Chad Finley, T. Tashiro, Lawrence D. Brown, A. Gorin, Hiromasa Tanaka, M. Ziembicki, T. Vladisavljevic, J. Zalipska, J. Insler, C. Yanagisawa, Abinash Medhi, L. Kravchuk, W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, Hirokazu Ishino, J. Bian, K. Magar, S. Cebrian, Philippe Mermod, R. Gornea, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, Sergei Fedotov, S. Izumiyama, C. Bozza, R. Esteve, Seiko Hirota, T. Tsukamoto, K. Skwarczynski, E. De la Fuente, T. Kikawa, M. Gonin, J. Xia, Intae Yu, Gareth J. Barker, A. Marinelli, E. Kearns, L. Lavitola, Michal Ostrowski, N. Deshmukh, Y. Kataoka, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, Carsten Rott, C. Mariani, T. Ishida, Roberto Spina, J. W. Seo, Masashi Yokoyama, F. Gramegna, K. Hultqvist, G. Collazuol, P. Spradlin, Gus Sinnis, A. Takenaka, T. Xin, M. Bellato, Yuki Fujii, Mark Scott, J. A. Hernando-Morata, P. Ferrario, A. Buchowicz, S. J. Jenkins, J. Walker, J. Toledo, Pablo Fernandez, Sandhya Choubey, S. Emery, A. Mefodiev, R.P. Kurjata, M. Mongelli, J. Dumarchez, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, M. Antonova, M. Danilov, M. Feely, A. Holin, Ara Ioannisian, B. A. Popov, K Stopa, W. G. S. Vinning, M. L. Sánchez, Masato Shiozawa, L. Ludovici, J. Gao, S. Bhadra, Koji Ishidoshiro, Hiroshi Nunokawa, V. Aushev, M. Hartz, I. Shimizu, C. S. Moon, M. B. Smy, S. Matsuno, I. Anghel, J. Migenda, T. Mondal, F. Di Lodovico, M. Tada, D. J. Payne, M. Kuze, N. C. Hastings, P. Di Meo, Y. Nishimura, M. Inomoto, L. Magaletti, C. Giganti, A. Klekotko, Patrick Dunne, J. Yoo, M. C. Sanchez, A. N. Khotjantsev, Kyujin Kwak, Lars Eklund, M. Lawe, A. Mitra, H. W. Sobel, Jürgen Pozimski, Yasuhiro Makida, A. Bubak, Jaroslaw Pasternak, B. Quilain, R. Leitner, Marco Laveder, J. P. Coleman, N. F. Calabria, H. I. Jang, S. B. Boyd, Moon Moon Devi, M. Fitton, M. Harada, Artur F. Izmaylov, J. McElwee, Shunsaku Horiuchi, P. de Perio, K. Nakagiri, Y. Kano, M. Rescigno, S. Moriyama, Masayuki Nakahata, C. Pidcott, Y. Uchida, V. Palladino, A. Longhin, A. Shaykina, Michelangelo Pari, Akimichi Taketa, Yuichi Oyama, S. Suvorov, R. P. Litchfield, D. H. Moon, Katsuki Hiraide, M. Pavin, M. Koga, R. B. Vogelaar, Enrique Fernandez-Martinez, B. L. Hartfiel, Koji Yamamoto, K. Ohta, K. Abe, Alexander Studenikin, E. Mazzucato, Elisa Bernardini, Abe, K., Adrich, P., Aihara, H., Akutsu, R., Alekseev, I., Ali, A., Ameli, F., Anghel, I., Anthony, L. H. V., Antonova, M., Araya, A., Asaoka, Y., Ashida, Y., Aushev, V., Ballester, F., Bandac, I., Barbi, M., Barker, G. J., Barr, G., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Bellato, M., Berardi, V., Bergevin, M., Bernard, L., Bernardini, E., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Bian, J., Blanchet, A., Blaszczyk, F. D. M., Blondel, A., Boiano, A., Bolognesi, S., Bonavera, L., Booth, N., Borjabad, S., Boschi, T., Bose, D., Boyd, S. B., Bozza, C., Bravar, A., Bravo-Berguo, D., Bronner, C., Brown, L., Bubak, A., Buchowicz, A., Buizza Avanzini, M., Cafagna, F. S., Calabria, N. F., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Cao, S., Cartwright, S. L., Carroll, A., Catanesi, M. G., Cebrian, S., Chabera, M., Chakraborty, S., Checchia, C., Choi, J. H., Choubey, S., Cicerchia, M., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Cowan, G., Cuen-Rochin, S., Danilov, M., Diaz Lopez, G., De La Fuente, E., De Perio, P., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Densham, C. J., Dergacheva, A., Deshmukh, N., Devi, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Di Meo, P., Di Palma, I., Doyle, T. A., Drakopoulou, E., Drapier, O., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Dziewiecki, M., Eklund, L., El Hedri, S., Ellis, J., Emery, S., Esmaili, A., Esteve, R., Evangelisti, A., Feely, M., Fedotov, S., Feng, J., Fernandez, P., Fernandez-Martinez, E., Ferrario, P., Ferrazzi, B., Feusels, T., Finch, A., Finley, C., Fiorentini, A., Fiorillo, G., Fitton, M., Frankiewicz, K., Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fukuda, Y., Galinski, G., Gao, J., Garde, C., Garfagnini, A., Garode, S., Gialanella, L., Giganti, C., Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Gonin, M., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorin, A., Gornea, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Gramegna, F., Grassi, M., Grella, G., Guigue, M., Gumplinger, P., Hadley, D. R., Harada, M., Hartfiel, B., Hartz, M., Hassani, S., Hastings, N. C., Hayato, Y., Hernando-Morata, J. A., Herrero, V., Hill, J., Hiraide, K., Hirota, S., Holin, A., Horiuchi, S., Hoshina, K., Hultqvist, K., Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Idrissi Ibnsalih, W., Iijima, T., Ikeda, M., Inomoto, M., Inoue, K., Insler, J., Ioannisian, A., Ishida, T., Ishidoshiro, K., Ishino, H., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Ito, S., Itow, Y., Iwamoto, K., Izmaylov, A., Izumi, N., Izumiyama, S., Jakkapu, M., Jamieson, B., Jang, H. I., Jang, J. S., Jenkins, S. J., Jeon, S. H., Jiang, M., Jo, H. S., Jonsson, P., Joo, K. K., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Kano, Y., Kalaczynski, P., Karlen, D., Kasperek, J., Kataoka, Y., Kato, A., Katori, T., Kazarian, N., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kekic, M., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. B., Kim, S. Y., King, S., Kinoshita, T., Kisiel, J., Klekotko, A., Kobayashi, T., Koch, L., Koga, M., Koerich, L., Kolev, N., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Korzenev, A., Kotsar, Y., Kouzakov, K. A., Kowalik, K. L., Kravchuk, L., Kryukov, A. P., Kudenko, Y., Kumita, T., Kurjata, R., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Kwak, K., La Commara, M., Labarga, L., Lagoda, J., Lamers James, M., Lamoureux, M., Laveder, M., Lavitola, L., Lawe, M., Learned, J. G., Lee, J., Leitner, R., Lezaun, V., Lim, I. T., Lindner, T., Litchfield, R. P., Long, K. R., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Lu, X., Ludovici, L., Maekawa, Y., Magaletti, L., Magar, K., Mahn, K., Makida, Y., Malek, M., Malinsky, M., Marchi, T., Maret, L., Mariani, C., Marinelli, A., Martens, K., Marti, L., Martin, J. F., Martin, D., Marzec, J., Matsubara, T., Matsumoto, R., Matsuno, S., Matusiak, M., Mazzucato, E., Mccarthy, M., Mccauley, N., Mcelwee, J., Mcgrew, C., Mefodiev, A., Medhi, A., Mehta, P., Mellet, L., Menjo, H., Mermod, P., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Migenda, J., Migliozzi, P., Mijakowski, P., Miki, S., Miller, E. W., Minakata, H., Minamino, A., Mine, S., Mineev, O., Mitra, A., Miura, M., Moharana, R., Mollo, C. M., Mondal, T., Mongelli, M., Monrabal, F., Moon, D. H., Moon, C. S., Mora, F. J., Moriyama, S., Mueller, T. A., Munteanu, L., Murase, K., Nagao, Y., Nakadaira, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakahata, M., Nakai, S., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, K., Nakamura, K. I., Nakamura, H., Nakano, Y., Nakaya, T., Nakayama, S., Nakayoshi, K., Nascimento Machado, L., Naseby, C. E. R., Navarro-Garcia, B., Needham, M., Nicholls, T., Niewczas, K., Nishimura, Y., Noah, E., Nova, F., Nugent, J. C., Nunokawa, H., Obrebski, W., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., O'Connor, E., Ogawa, N., Ogitsu, T., Ohta, K., Okamoto, K., O'Keeffe, H. M., Okumura, K., Onishchuk, Y., Orozco-Luna, F., Oshlianskyi, A., Ospina, N., Ostrowski, M., O'Sullivan, E., O'Sullivan, L., Ovsiannikova, T., Oyama, Y., Ozaki, H., Pac, M. Y., Paganini, P., Palladino, V., Paolone, V., Pari, M., Parsa, S., Pasternak, J., Pastore, C., Pastuszak, G., Patel, D. A., Pavin, M., Payne, D., Pea-Garay, C., Pidcott, C., Pinzon Guerra, E., Playfer, S., Pointon, B. W., Popov, A., Popov, B., Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Poutissou, J. -M., Pozimski, J., Pronost, G., Prouse, N. W., Przewlocki, P., Quilain, B., Quiroga, A. A., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Rajda, P. J., Renner, J., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Ricciardi, G., Riccio, C., Richards, B., Rondio, E., Rose, H. J., Roskovec, B., Roth, S., Rott, C., Rountree, S. D., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A. C., Ruggles, C., Russo, S., Rychter, A., Ryu, D., Sakashita, K., Samani, S., Sanchez, F., Sanchez, M. L., Sanchez, M. C., Sano, S., Santos, J. D., Santucci, G., Sarmah, P., Sashima, I., Sato, K., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Seo, J. W., Seo, S. H., Sgalaberna, D., Shaikhiev, A., Shan, Z., Shaykina, A., Shimizu, I., Shin, C. D., Shinoki, M., Shiozawa, M., Sinnis, G., Skrobova, N., Skwarczynski, K., Smy, M. B., Sobczyk, J., Sobel, H. W., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Spina, R., Spisso, B., Spradlin, P., Stankevich, K. L., Stawarz, L., Stellacci, S. M., Stopa, K., Studenikin, A. I., Suarez Gomez, S. L., Suganuma, T., Suvorov, S., Suwa, Y., Suzuki, A. T., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Svirida, D., Svoboda, R., Taani, M., Tada, M., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Taketa, A., Takeuchi, Y., Takhistov, V., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, H. A., Tanaka, H. I., Tanaka, M., Tashiro, T., Thiesse, M., Thompson, L. F., Toledo, J., Tomatani-Sanchez, A. K., Tortone, G., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Vagins, M. R., Valder, S., Valentino, V., Vasseur, G., Vijayvargi, A., Vilela, C., Vinning, W. G. S., Vivolo, D., Vladisavljevic, T., Vogelaar, R. B., Vyalkov, M. M., Wachala, T., Walker, J., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Wendell, R. A., Wilkes, R. J., Wilking, M. J., Wilson, J. R., Wronka, S., Xia, J., Xie, Z., Xin, T., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamamoto, K., Yanagisawa, C., Yano, T., Yen, S., Yershov, N., Yeum, D. N., Yokoyama, M., Yonenaga, M., Yoo, J., Yu, I., Yu, M., Zakrzewski, T., Zaldivar, B., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Ziembicki, M., Zietara, K., Zito, M., Zsoldos, S., Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Hyper-Kamiokande, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 09.- Desarrollar infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible, y fomentar la innovación, KAMIOKANDE, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, neutrino: flux, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), neutrino, accretion, black hole, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Core-collapse supernovae, neutron star, Monte Carlo, physics.ins-det, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 16. Peace & justice, Supernova, neutrino: detector, 07.- Asegurar el acceso a energías asequibles, fiables, sostenibles y modernas para todos, supernova, neutrino astronomy, neutrino physics, Neutrino detector, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, supernova: collapse, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Observable universe, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Hyper-Kamiokande, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], High energy physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, supernova: model, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Black hole, Neutron star, Space and Planetary Science, neutrino: burst, galaxy, Neutrino astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract: Autorzy: Abe K., Adrich P., Aihara H., Akutsu, R., Alekseev I., Ali A. , Ameli F., Anghel I., Anthony L. H. V., Antonova M. , Araya A., Asaoka Y., Ashida Y., Aushev V., Ballester F., Bandac I., Barbi M., Barker G. J., Barr G., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak M., Bellato M., Berardi V., Bergevin M., Bernard L., Bernardini E., Berns L., Bhadra S., Bian J., Blanchet A., Blaszczyk F. d. M., Blonde A., Boiano A., Bolognesi S., Bonavera L., Booth N., Borjabad S., Boschi, T., Bose D., Boyd S . B., Bozza C., Bravar A., Bravo-Berguño D., Bronner C., Brown L., Bubak Arkadiusz, Buchowicz A., Buizza Avanzini M., Cafagna F. S., Calabria N. F., Calvo-Mozota J. M., Cao S., Cartwright S.L., Carroll A., Catanesi M. G., Cebriàn, S., Chabera M., Chakraborty, S., Checchia C., Choi J.H., Choubey S., Cicerchia M., Coleman J., Collazuol G., Cook L., Cowan G., Cuen-Rochin, S., Danilov M., Díaz López G., De la Fuente E., de Perio P., De Rosa G., Dealtry T., Densham C. J., Dergacheva A., Deshmukh N., Devi M. M., Di Lodovico F., Di Meo, P., Di Palma I., Doyle T. A., Drakopoulou E., Drapier O., Dumarchez J., Dunne P., Dziewiecki M., Eklund L., El Hedri S., Ellis J., Emery S., Esmaili A., Esteve R., Evangelisti A., Feely M., Fedotov S., Feng J., Fernandez P., Fernández-Martinez E., Ferrario P., Ferrazzi,B., Feusels T., Finch A., Finley C., Fiorentini A., Fiorillo G., Fitton M., Frankiewicz K., Friend M., Fujii Y., Fukuda Y., Galinski G., Gao J., Garde C., Garfagnini A., Garode S., Gialanella L., Giganti C., Gomez-Cadenas J.J., Gonin M., González-Nuevo J., Gorin A., Gornea R., Gousy-Leblanc V. Gramegna F. Grassi M. Grella G. Guigue M. Gumplinger P. Hadley D.R. Harada M., Hartfiel B., Hartz M., Hassani S., Hastings N.C., Hayato Y., Hernando-Morata J.A., Herrero V., Hill J., Hiraide K., Hirota S., Holin A., Horiuchi S., Hoshina K., Hultqvist K., Iacob F., Ichikawa A.K., Idrissi Ibnsalih W., Iijima T., Ikeda M., Inomoto M., Inoue K., Insler J., Ioannisian A., Ishida T., Ishidoshiro K., Ishino H., Ishitsuka M., Ito H., Ito S., Itow Y., Iwamoto K., Izmaylov A., Izumi N., Izumiyama S., Jakkapu M., Jamieson B., Jang H.I., Jang J.S., Jenkins S.J., Jeon S.H., Jiang M., Jo H.S., Jonsson P., Joo K.K., Kajita T., Kakuno H., Kameda J., Kano Y., Kalaczynski P., Karlen D., Kasperek J., Kataoka Y., Kato A., Katori T., Kazarian N., Kearns E., Khabibullin M., Khotjantsev A., Kikawa T., Kekic M., Kim J.H., Kim J.Y., Kim S.B., Kim S.Y., King S., Kinoshita T., Kisiel Jan, Klekotko A., Kobayashi T., Koch L., Koga M., Koerich L., Kolev N., Konaka A., Kormos L.L., Koshio Y., Korzenev A., Kotsar Y., Kouzakov K.A., Kowalik K.L., Kravchuk L., Kryukov A.P., Kudenko Y., Kumita T., Kurjata R., Kutter T., Kuze M., Kwak K., La Commara M., Labarga L., Lagoda J., Lamers James J., Lamoureux M., Laveder M., Lavitola L., Lawe M., Learned J.G., Lee J., Leitner R., Lezaun V., Lim I.T., Lindner T., Litchfield R.P., Long K.R., Longhin A., Loverre P., Lu X., Ludovici L., Maekawa Y., Magaletti L., Magar K., Mahn K., Makida Y., Malek M., Malinský M., Marchi T., Maret L., Mariani C., Marinelli A., Martens K., Marti L., Martin J.F. Martin D., Marzec J., Matsubara T., Matsumoto R., Matsuno S., Matusiak M., Mazzucato E., McCarthy M., McCauley N., McElwee J., McGrew C., Mefodiev A., Medhi A., Mehta P., Mellet L., Menjo H., Mermod P., Metelko C., Mezzetto M., Migenda J., Migliozzi P., Mijakowski P., Miki S., Miller E.W., Minakata H., Minamino A., Mine S., Mineev O., Mitra A., Miura M., Moharana R., Mollo C.M., Mondal T., Mongelli M., Monrabal F., Moon D.H., Moon C.S., Mora F.J., Moriyama S., Mueller Th.A., Munteanu L., Murase K., Nagao Y., Nakadaira T., Nakagiri K., Nakahata M., Nakai S., Nakajima Y., Nakamura K., Nakamura KI., Nakamura H., Nakano Y., Nakaya T., Nakayama S., Nakayoshi K., Nascimento Machado L., Naseby C.E.R., Navarro-Garcia B., Needham M., Nicholls T., Niewczas K., Nishimura Y., Noah E., Nova F., Nugent J.C., Nunokawa H., Obrebski W., Ochoa-Ricoux J.P., O’Connor E., Ogawa N., Ogitsu T., Ohta K., Okamoto K., O’Keeffe H.M., Okumura K., Onishchuk Y., Orozco-Luna F., Oshlianskyi A., Ospina N., Ostrowski M., O’Sullivan E., O’Sullivan L., Ovsiannikova T., Oyama Y., Ozaki H., Pac M.Y., Paganini P., Palladino V., Paolone V., Pari M., Parsa S., Pasternak J., Pastore C., Pastuszak G., Patel D.A., Pavin M., Payne D., Peña-Garay C., Pidcott C., Pinzon Guerra E., Playfer S., Pointon B.W., Popov A., Popov B., Porwit Kamil, Posiadala-Zezula M., Poutissou J.M., Pozimski J., Pronost G., Prouse N.W., Przewlocki P., Quilain B., Quiroga A.A., Radicioni E., Radics B., Rajda P.J., Renner J., Rescigno M., Retiere F., Ricciardi G., Riccio C., Richards B., Rondio E., Rose H.J., Roskovec B., Roth S., Rott C., Rountree S.D., Rubbia A., Ruggeri A.C., Ruggles C., Russo S., Rychter A., Ryu D., Sakashita K., Samani S., Sánchez F., Sánchez M.L., Sanchez M.C., Sano S., Santos J.D., Santucci G., Sarmah P., Sashima I., Sato K., Scott M., Seiya Y., Sekiguchi T., Sekiya H., Seo J.W., Seo S.H., Sgalaberna D., Shaikhiev A., Shan Z., Shaykina A., Shimizu I., Shin C.D., Shinoki M., Shiozawa M., Sinnis G., Skrobova N., Skwarczynski K., Smy M.B., Sobczyk J., Sobel H.W., Soler F. J. P., Sonoda Y., Spina R., Spisso B., Spradlin B., Stankevich K.L., Stawarz L., Stellacci S.M., Stopa K., Studenikin A.I., Suárez Gómez S.L., Suganuma T., Suvorov S., Suwa Y., Suzuki A.T., Suzuki S.Y., Suzuki Y., Svirida D., Svoboda R., Taani M., Tada M., Takeda A., Takemoto Y., Takenaka A., Taketa A., Takeuchi Y., Takhistov V., Tanaka H., Tanaka H.A., Tanaka H.I., Tanaka M., Tashiro T., Thiesse M., Thompson L.F., Toledo J., Tomatani-Sánchez A.K., Tortone G., Tsui K.M., Tsukamoto T., Tzanov M., Uchida Y., Vagins M.R., Valder S., Valentino V., Vasseur G., Vijayvargi A., Vilela C., Vinning W. G. S., Vivolo D., Vladisavljevic T., Vogelaar R.B., Vyalkov M.M., Wachala T., Walker J., Wark D., Wascko M.O., Wendell R.A., Wilkes R.J., Wilking M.J., Wilson M.R., Wronka S., Xia J., Xie Z., Xin T., Yamaguchi Y., Yamamoto K., Yanagisawa C., Yano T., Yen S., Yershov N., Yeum D.N., Yokoyama M., Yonenaga M., Yoo J., Yu I., Yu M., Zakrzewski T., Zaldivar B., Zalipska J., Zaremba K., Zarnecki G., Ziembicki M., Zietara K., Zito M., Zsoldos S., Core-collapse supernovae are among the most magnificent events in the observable universe. They produce many of the chemical elements necessary for life to exist and their remnants-neutron stars and black holes-are interesting astrophysical objects in their own right. However, despite millennia of observations and almost a century of astrophysical study, the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae is not yet well understood. Hyper-Kamiokande is a next-generation neutrino detector that will be able to observe the neutrino flux from the next galactic core-collapse supernova in unprecedented detail. We focus on the first 500 ms of the neutrino burst, corresponding to the accretion phase, and use a newly-developed, high-precision supernova event generator to simulate Hyper-Kamiokandeʼs response to five different supernova models. We show that Hyper-Kamiokande will be able to distinguish between these models with high accuracy for a supernova at a distance of up to 100 kpc. Once the next galactic supernova happens, this ability will be a powerful tool for guiding simulations toward a precise reproduction of the explosion mechanism observed in nature.
Published: 2022

3. MeV Neutrinos from Astrophysical Sources

Author: Kyujin Kwak
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Many astrophysical sources can emit neutrinos in the energy below a few to several MeVs. Detecting such neutrinos will provide us with valuable information on the physical processes that govern their evolution and structure. So far, neutrinos only from the Sun and a single event of supernova (SN 1987A) have been observed. However, as the size of neutrino observatories keep increasing and the detector technology keep improving, astrophysical neutrinos, other than from the Sun and nearby supernovae including oxygen or silicon burning stars near supernovae, will be eventually observable, opening the era of the neutrino astronomy. In this work, we search for possibilities to observe astrophysical neutrinos from various sources, but we focus more on red supergiant (RSG) stars as our primary candidate, which are expected to emit the amount of neutrinos much larger than the Sun. We calculated neutrino luminosities along the evolutionary tracks of massive stars of 15 - 25 Msun with metallicity 0.01 – 1 Zsun, using MESA, a publicly available stellar evolution code. We then calculated the energy spectra of neutrinos emitted through various production processes. We present the fluxes of such neutrinos from nearby RSGs on the Earth, and discuss the prospect of detecting them in current and future neutrino observatories.
Published: 2022
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4. Space missions for astronomy and astrophysics in Korea: past, present, and future

Author: Dae-Hee Lee, Kyung-Suk Cho, Il Han Park, Woong-Seob Jeong, Young-Wook Lee, Kwang-Il Seon, Wonyong Han, Kyujin Kwak, Min Bin Kim, Jae-Jin Lee, and Hyung Mok Lee
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Schedule, Engineering, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), Space exploration, 0103 physical sciences, Space program, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: We review the history of space mission in Korea focusing on the field of astronomy and astrophysics. For each mission, scientific motivation and achievement are reviewed together with some technical details of the program including mission schedule. This review includes the ongoing and currently approved missions as well as some planned ones. Within the admitted limitations of authors' perspectives, some comments on the future direction of space program for astronomy and astrophysics in Korea are made at the end of this review., 29 pages, 31 figures, and 4 tables. To be published in the special issue of Journal of Korean Physical Society (JKPS) to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Astrophysics Division of Korean Physical Society (KPS)
Published: 2021

5. Neutron star properties from astrophysical observations

Author: Young-Min Kim, Hee-Suk Cho, Kyujin Kwak, M. Kim, Chang-Hwan Lee, and Yong-Beom Choi
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics, Polytropic process, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Neutron star, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Recently, simultaneous measurements of the masses and the radii of neutron stars from X-ray observations by the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) have been reported. In addition, gravitational wave detections from the mergers of neutron star binaries allowed us to estimate the tidal deformability of neutron stars. Based on these recent observations and our works, we review their implications for the masses, radii and tidal deformabilities of neutron stars. We also discuss the basic principles of the polytropic equations of state, including sound velocities, and the implications of those equations to the properties of neutron stars.
Published: 2021

6. Students' Satisfaction and Performance in Flipped Physics Classrooms Having Different Proportions of Face-to-face Lecturing

Author: Jihoon Lee, Heeseung Zoe, Kyujin Kwak, and Dong-han Yeom
Subjects: Peer instruction, Face-to-face, Physics education, Flipped learning, Mathematics education, General Physics and Astronomy
Published: 2021

7. Proton Decay of 21Na for 20Ne Energy Levels

Author: Patrick O'Malley, Moon-Hyun Kim, M. Matos, Michael Scott Smith, Kelly Chipps, Jolie Cizewski, Andrew Ratkiewicz, Sunghoon Ahn, S. Strauss, W. A. Peters, S. T. Pittman, K. Y. Chae, S. M. Cha, Steven D. Pain, Kyujin Kwak, R. L. Kozub, M. E. Howard, B. Manning, and D. W. Bardayan
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Proton, Proton decay, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Alpha particle, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Isotopes of sodium, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 0210 nano-technology, Ground state, Radioactive decay
Abstract: The 24Mg(p,α)21 Na transfer reaction has been previously studied for a spectroscopic study of 21Na [Cha et al., Phys. Rev. C 96, 025810 (2017)]. In this follow-up analysis, the proton decays of the excited states of the radionuclide 21Na, which were measured simultaneously, are reported. By investigating the coincidence between the reaction α-particles and decay protons, we were able to identify three groups of events that are associated with the energy levels in 20Ne. The 20Ne excitation energy plot was obtained as a result. The four lowest known energy levels in 20Ne (the ground state and excited states at Ex = 1.633, 4.247 and 4.966 MeV) were clearly observed.
Published: 2020

8. Investigation of X-ray timing and spectral properties of ESO 243-49 HLX-1 with long-term Swift monitoring

Author: L. C.-C. Lin, David C. C. Yen, Albert K. H. Kong, Kyujin Kwak, Jumpei Takata, C. P. Hu, Young-Min Kim, and Kwan-Lok Li
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Photon, Accretion (meteorology), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Orbital eccentricity, Astrophysics, Orbital period, Spectral line, Term (time), Space and Planetary Science, Modulation (music), HLX-1, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The long-term Swift monitoring of ESO 243-49 HLX-1 provides an opportunity to investigate the detailed timing and spectral behaviour of this hyper-luminous X-ray source. Swift has detected 7 outbursts since 2009 mid-August. Using different dynamical timing algorithms, we confirm an increasing trend for the time intervals between outbursts, which is manifest in the delays between the latest outbursts. The X-ray spectra of HLX-1 in quiescence can be described with a single power-law model while the thermal component dominates the X-ray emission during outburst. There is only marginal evidence for photon index (or spectral hardness) changes between quiescent states with about 1{\sigma} deviation. With the updated temporal and spectral features, we re-examine different scenarios to explain the origin of the quasi-periodic modulation of HLX-1. A significantly increasing trend without obvious stochastic fluctuations on the timescale of the detected quasi-period may not fully support an orbital period origin as might be due to mass transfer episodes from a donor star at periastron of an extremely eccentric orbit. The outburst profile seems to be consistent with the effect of tidal-induced-precession of an accretion disc or an oscillating wind scenario in the inner disc. Based on these models, we speculate that the true orbital period is much shorter than the detected quasi-periodicity., Comment: 12 pages, 4 tables and 7 figures; accepted by MNRAS
Published: 2019

9. Isotopic Compositions of Ruthenium Predicted from the NuGrid Project

Author: Seonho Kim, Kwang Hyun Sung, and Kyujin Kwak
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: The isotopic compositions of ruthenium (Ru) are measured from presolar silicon carbide (SiC) grains. In a popular scenario, the presolar SiC grains formed in the outskirt of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star, left the star as a stellar wind, and joined the presolar molecular cloud from which the solar system formed. The Ru isotopes formed inside the star, moved to the stellar surface during the AGB phase, and were locked into the SiC grains. Following this scenario, we analyze the Nucleosynthesis Grid (NuGrid) data, which provide the abundances of the Ru isotopes in the stellar wind for a set of stars in a wide range of initial masses and metallicities. We apply the C > O (carbon abundance larger than the oxygen abundance) condition, which is commonly adopted for the condition of the SiC formation in the stellar wind. The NuGrid data confirm that SiC grains do not form in the winds of massive stars. The isotopic compositions of Ru in the winds of low-mass stars can explain the measurements. We find that lower-mass stars (1.65 M ☉ and 2 M ☉) with low metallicity (Z = 0.0001) can explain most of the measured isotopic compositions of Ru. We confirm that the abundance of 99 Ru inside the presolar grain includes the contribution from the in situ decay of 99 Tc. We also verify our conclusion by comparing the isotopic compositions of Ru integrated over all the pulses with those calculated at individual pulses.
Published: 2021

10. First measurement of proton decay from a transfer reaction to Na21

Author: R. L. Kozub, W. A. Peters, Moon-Hyun Kim, Sunghoon Ahn, Andrew Ratkiewicz, K. Y. Chae, S. M. Cha, Steven D. Pain, B. Manning, J. A. Cizewski, M. Matos, Michael Scott Smith, D. W. Bardayan, Patrick O'Malley, M. E. Howard, Kelly Chipps, S. Strauss, S. T. Pittman, and Kyujin Kwak
Subjects: Physics, Ion beam, Proton, Silicon, Proton decay, chemistry.chemical_element, Transfer (group theory), chemistry, Excited state, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Detector array, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Decay protons from excited states in $^{21}\mathrm{Na}$ populated through a previously reported $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha})^{21}\mathrm{Na}$ transfer reaction [Cha et al., Phys. Rev. C 96, 025810 (2017)] were analyzed to extract the proton branching ratios of the energy levels. By utilizing 31-MeV proton beams from the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and isotopically enriched $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ solid targets, the decay protons were detected in coincidence with $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles from the $(p,\ensuremath{\alpha})$ reaction using a silicon strip detector array. Proton decay branching ratios of several $^{21}\mathrm{Na}$ levels were deduced for the $p0$ and $p1$ decay channels to the ground and first excited states in $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, respectively.
Published: 2021

11. Nuclear Physics with Gravitational Waves

Author: Chang-Hwan Lee, Young-Min Kim, Kyujin Kwak, and Chang Ho Hyun
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Gravitational wave
Published: 2018

12. Measuring Masses and Radii of Neutron Stars in Low-Mass X-ray Binaries: Effects of Atmospheric Composition and Touchdown Radius

Author: Kyujin Kwak, Young-Min Kim, Kwang Hyun Sung, Chang-Hwan Lee, and M. Kim
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Photosphere, Opacity, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Radius, 01 natural sciences, Neutron star, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Low Mass, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: Methods. We use both a Monte Carlo (MC) sampling and a Bayesian analysis to find the effects of the photospheric composition and the touchdown radius. We apply these two methods to six LMXBs that show PRE XRBs. In both methods, we solve the Eddington flux equation and the apparent angular area equation both of which include the correction terms. For the MC sampling, we have developed an iterative method in order to solve these two equations more efficiently. Results. We confirm that the effects of the photospheric composition and the touchdown radius are similar in the statistical and analytical estimation of mass and radius even when the correction terms are considered. Furthermore, in all of the six sources, we find that a H-poor photosphere and a large touchdown radius are favored statistically regardless of the statistical method. Our Bayesian analysis also hints that touchdown can occur farther from the neutron star surface when the photosphere is more H-poor. This correlation could be qualitatively understood with the Eddington flux equation. We propose a physical explanation for this correlation between the photospheric composition and the touchdown radius. Our results show that when accounting for the uncertainties of the photospheric composition and the touchdown radius, most likely radii of the neutron stars in these six LMXBs are less than 12.5 km, which is similar to the bounds for the neutron star radius placed with the tidal deformability measured from the gravitational wave signal., 19 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2021

13. Search for anisotropic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's first three observing runs

Author: A. Grimaldi, M. A. Barton, Samuele Cortese, Charlie Hoy, Charalampos Markakis, L. Trozzo, Albert Lazzarini, Benno Willke, A. Grado, P. Booker, C. Cahillane, Norichika Sago, J. Hennig, V. Gayathri, J. Baird, M. Jeunon, Sascha Husa, Samaya Nissanke, S. Walsh, A. Hreibi, M. J. Szczepańczyk, M. Chaturvedi, G. Venugopalan, S. R. Mohite, Alessandra Buonanno, Gabrielle Allen, H. Y. Cheung, Rana X. Adhikari, Om Sharan Salafia, F. Donovan, Edoardo Milotti, B. Lantz, M. A. Bizouard, B. K. Berger, Denis Martynov, Claudia Moreno, N. V. Krishnendu, Marco Bazzan, Satoshi Tsuchida, C. Ingram, D. A. Melchor, F. Marion, E. Goetz, Matthew Giesler, D.B. DeBra, Giuseppe Castaldi, S. G. Crowder, K. Ito, E. Lalande, M. Cannavacciuolo, E. N. Clark, Geoffrey Lovelace, L. Nguyen Quynh, J. D. E. Creighton, Lijing Shao, M. Carpinelli, J. Liu, A. Pasqualetti, R. Bajpai, F. Garufi, Archana Pai, Surendra Nadh Somala, Yoshiyuki Obuchi, C. Talbot, Carl-Johan Haster, S. Nozaki, H. Sun, V. JaberianHamedan, Tyson Littenberg, T. Washimi, T. D. Creighton, L. A. Rees, Silvia Corezzi, S. Bae, Kai-Feng Chen, F. Paoletti, Felice Sorrentino, C. L. Chan, P. Szewczyk, A. K. Prajapati, M. Patel, C. M. Mow-Lowry, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, L. Aiello, Luigi Troiano, M. Gosselin, R. Green, H. Yuzurihara, D. Hoyland, B. F. Whiting, J. Casanueva Diaz, V. M. Bedakihale, Masako Kakizaki, R. Maggiore, C. Van Den Broeck, E. Sowell, E. Coccia, M. E. Zucker, B. A. Weaver, G. Vajente, S. M. Gaebel, T. Shimoda, Y. Okutani, J. G. Rollins, A. Mhaske, H. Hansen, T. Wlodarczyk, Laura Cadonati, L. Rolland, S. T. Countryman, S. Penn, R. M. S. Schofield, K. Mogushi, H. Estelles, Y. Huang, P. A. Duverne, S. Karki, D. Moraru, A. Dmitriev, E. Floden, V. B. Adya, A. Renzini, G. L. Mansell, Y. K. Lecoeuche, G. M. Harry, L. Naticchioni, T. Shishido, Salvatore Vitale, A. Cumming, F. Di Renzo, Gianpietro Cagnoli, L.-W. Wei, S. Katsanevas, Madeline Wade, M. Tse, D. S. Tsai, D. M. Macleod, T. D. Ramirez, M. T. Hübner, Yasufumi Kojima, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Pluchar, P. Chanial, Abhirup Ghosh, S. Sunil, M. Tacca, G. Kang, E. Capote, A. K. Mehta, N. Man, H. Pang, K. A. Strain, K. Haughian, P. Ruggi, A. Puecher, A. Mullavey, T. J. N. Nelson, Filip Morawski, P. J. Easter, G. Guixé, Xiaohui Fan, P. Leaci, Y. R. Chen, Alessandro Bertolini, J. C. Driggers, John A. Clark, Ben Farr, Fabrizio Barone, Giuseppe Intini, D. Rozza, V. Dattilo, Tejinder Kaur, Edwin J. Son, Isobel M. Romero-Shaw, T. C. Pechsiri, Umakant D. Rapol, G. S. Wallace, Stefan Hild, J. D. Jones, A. C. Baylor, L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani, R. Huxford, Surabhi Sachdev, Christopher J. Moore, V. V. Frolov, Kazuhiro Hayama, K. Venkateswara, R. Cotesta, R. Mittleman, Kentaro Komori, Soubhik Kumar Bhaumik, Yuri Levin, Akito Araya, J. Von Wrangel, T. Kajita, L. Kleybolte, S. Oshino, G. S. Davies, T. Huynh-Dinh, Hajime Sotani, A. Z. Jan, C. Makarem, Martin Hendry, Cecilio García-Quirós, Hong Wu, J.-G. Ducoin, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, M. C. Díaz, A. Menendez-Vazquez, P. Figura, C. M. Compton, Antonios Kontos, B. L. Swinkels, Wei-Tou Ni, V. Tiwari, K. A. Thorne, Hisa-aki Shinkai, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, S. Wu, Ll. M. Mir, Junwei Cao, R. Kirchhoff, S. P. Jadhav, M. C. Heintze, Yann Bouffanais, V. Fafone, A. Pereira, J. A. Rocha, Nelson Christensen, S. A. Usman, E. G. Seo, E. K. Porter, Kendall Ackley, R. K. Nayak, A. Allocca, Marco Romanelli, Christophe Collette, C. J. Perez, B. D. O'Brien, R. P. Udall, R. C. Walet, C. Di Fronzo, T. R. Saravanan, J. Zhang, L. F. Ortega, V. P. Mitrofanov, R. Cummings, G. Koekoek, J. Betzwieser, M. Zhan, D. W. Yeeles, Antoine Heidmann, A. Brillet, G. Eddolls, A. D. Viets, D. Meacher, E. N. Tapia San Martin, K. Haris, F. Vetrano, Z. Hong, K. Kaihotsu, S. E. Dwyer, David Keitel, A. Hagiwara, L. C. Strang, R. L. Savage, Chunglee Kim, F. W. Yang, J. S. Kissel, H. Cao, Marc Favata, A. J. Weinstein, Fumihiro Uraguchi, Roger Jones, V. Villa-Ortega, David A. Williams, S. J. Cooper, N. Raza, I. W. Harry, C-Y. Lin, N. Y. Washington, N. Letendre, Nikhil Sarin, J. Heinzel, Thanh D. Nguyen, V. J. Roma, Leo Tsukada, E. Z. Hamilton, M. Matiushechkina, Nikita S. Shcheblanov, B. H. Hsieh, Y. Miyazaki, A. D. Huddart, N. Kawai, R. J. Trudeau, Anindita Ganguly, M. Diaz-Ortiz, J. Venneberg, W. Del Pozzo, P. F. Cohadon, K. E. Ramirez, H. Heitmann, D. Sawant, M. Laxen, Anchal Gupta, Kei Kotake, H. Y. Chia, E. Cuoco, N. A. Didio, E. N.Tapia San Mertin, Fabrizio Giulio Luca Pilo, F. E. Peña Arellano, A. Ueda, D. Lumaca, L. Xiao, A. P. Spencer, A. M. Farah, M. F. Carney, D. D. Brown, Chad Hanna, A. Bramley, Yue Zhao, C. Kimball, Sakae Araki, J. J. McCann, T. J. Slaven-Blair, S. ShyamSundar, C. Stachie, A. Parisi, J. Oberling, M. Pirello, Alena Ananyeva, A. Lartaux-Vollard, Suvadeep Bose, A. Depasse, A. F. Helmling-Cornell, Ajay Kumar, N. D. Ormsby, C. Whittle, Yuki Inoue, A. M. Gretarsson, C. Bradaschia, W-R. Xu, F. Carbognani, Yang Yang, Yoshiaki Himemoto, I. M. Pinto, I. La Rosa, Jean-René Cudell, C. De Rossi, Stanislav Babak, S. Sayah, H. Overmier, B. Garaventa, Nobutada Kimura, Ka Yee C. Lee, M. A. Okada, Matteo Pegoraro, Piero Rettegno, R. Gouaty, A. V. Bhandari, Z. Márka, M. Boer, Shubhanshu Tiwari, T. B. Edo, R. Gray, Masashi Ohkawa, V. Srivastava, Y. Aso, M. Fays, N. van Bakel, M. Leonardi, Osamu Miyakawa, Lior Cohen, R. Zhang, Ik Siong Heng, Geert Raaijmakers, P. Fulda, M. Mondin, K. Mason, S. Shibagaki, D. Rosińska, E. R. G. von Reis, Ray-Kuang Lee, F. Y. Khalili, Ofelia Durante, Jay D. Tasson, J. L. Willis, M. Eisenmann, Ofek Birnholtz, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, M. Merzougui, Sebastien Biscans, S. A. Nichols, A. Malik, S. Gaudio, G. Valdes, Pulak Ranjan Giri, A. Adams, I. Tosta e Melo, Deirdre Shoemaker, F. Robinet, J. K. Blackburn, Q. Chu, F. L. Linde, R. Tenorio, N. A. Holland, Yichen Huang, D. Sellers, G. R. Johns, S. Ponrathnam, Michael Williams, Moritz Mehmet, L. Terkowski, E. Cesarini, P. Kumar, A. Singha, Ken K. Y. Ng, M. Constancio, E. Chassande-Mottin, S. Galaudage, C. Darsow-Fromm, C. Di Giorgio, J. D. Callaghan, Torrey Cullen, G. Ge, A. Di Lieto, J. Sadiq, Angela Trapananti, Kopin Liu, M. Vasúth, W. Griffiths, Eric Howell, Sadakazu Haino, J. D. Merritt, A. Masserot, Sylvain Marsat, Yuichiro Sekiguchi, M. Nakano, Sheila Rowan, M. Ebersold, S. Márka, N. Sennett, C. Wu, K. Kawabe, Jimin George, M. Sieniawska, F. Kuei, Brynmor Haskell, Alberto Vecchio, Geoffrey Mo, Will M. Farr, M. Montani, F. K. Lin, Nancy Aggarwal, J. B. Carlin, Simone Mozzon, Patrice Hello, G. Pagliaroli, M. Was, Xin Chen, R. M. Martin, J. C. Barayoga, B. F. Neil, R. Robie, L. W. Luo, I. Molina, M. Landry, A. Tripathee, L. Di Fiore, B. Mours, F. Meylahn, C. Austin, N. W. Farrow, M. Barsuglia, A. L. Miller, Leo Singer, Bartosz Fornal, Shinji Miyoki, Matteo Breschi, W. Kastaun, H. Qi, K. Chandra, H. Vocca, S. Leavey, S. Eguchi, Hai-Ping Cheng, A. Iess, D. Ugolini, P. Jung, M. Bawaj, Lili Yang, J. Smetana, A. C. Utina, Riccardo Sturani, V. Bossilkov, A. Ramos-Buades, M. Bischi, Kiran Prasai, G. Ueshima, Kyujin Kwak, S. Nagano, V. Kringel, J. Bidler, R. Dean, A. B. Yelikar, D. Gao, E. Katsavounidis, K. Shimode, D. C. Y. Hui, F. Nocera, A. Grant, C. Zhao, D. Bankar, I. Dorrington, Xiuling Li, M. Branchesi, Xing-Jiang Zhu, Takuma Yamada, G. Vedovato, L. E. H. Datrier, Y. Sakai, I. Di Palma, J. Gais, L. K. Nuttall, R. Macas, G. Billingsley, D. Jariwala, K. Jung, R. Jaume, R. A. Eisenstein, Hee-Suk Cho, M. H. P. M. van Putten, Jishnu Suresh, L. Prudenzi, T. Zelenova, Riccardo Bassiri, D. B. Kozak, C. Vorvick, Ryan Magee, Nandita Khetan, R. Tso, M. Kovalam, Alec Mishkin, R. Cavalieri, Magnus Manske, A. K. Srivastava, A. E. Pace, K. Miyo, A. S. Hines, Roberto Chierici, P. Clearwater, S. Sudhagar, M. Pürrer, S. Kwang, I. Dave, S. Sato, D. Agarwal, Thierry Pradier, David Jones, A. Shoda, Marco Cavaglia, B. Hughey, N. Hirata, M. Curyło, Subroto Mukherjee, P. Astone, V. Kondrashov, Bruno Giacomazzo, L. Errico, D. B. Tanner, Kevin M. Ryan, Patrick M. Koch, Carmen S. Menoni, M. Korobko, T. Zhang, S. M. Aston, Michael W. Coughlin, Zhoujian Cao, I. Khan, S. Banagiri, T. Kawasaki, H. Radkins, J. Brooks, R. Musenich, M. Kamiizumi, J. Lange, Tania Regimbau, A. J. Tanasijczuk, A. M. Knee, K. Merfeld, Y. Tomigami, A. Viceré, Frances Hellman, K. Chakravarti, Arunava Mukherjee, Haruki Kitazawa, Fabio Marchesoni, J. Park, A. Chiummo, Kyungmin Kim, Debarati Chatterjee, B. O'Reilly, P. Gruning, Mario Spera, Peter Aufmuth, T. L. Lam, K. W. Tsang, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, Atsushi Nishizawa, Gianluca Grignani, D. Y. T. Pong, A. Gennai, A. Ain, E. Massera, Y. Asali, Y. Bae, D. Schaetzl, Thibaut Jacqmin, C. Olivetto, A. Yoon, M. Lormand, L. Zhang, D. Töyrä, O. Sauter, S. B. Anderson, K. M. Aleman, Graham Woan, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, Riccardo Ciolfi, Yi Chen, Harald P. Pfeiffer, Peter T. H. Pang, Tomasz Bulik, T. Tomura, Francesco Chiadini, F. J. Hayes, A. Basti, C. I. Torrie, Alessandro Longo, Jürgen Heinze, K. Oohara, E. Maros, J. Glanzer, Manel Molina-Ruiz, Edward Seidel, Richard J. Oram, A. Bozzi, S. B. Coughlin, W. G. Anderson, G. Cella, Ryan N. Lang, D. D'Urso, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, B. W. Schulte, Vuk Mandic, D. J. Stops, S. Ide, Y. Minenkov, M. Turconi, J. Junker, H. M. Lee, Jessica Steinlechner, M. Pracchia, A. Neunzert, Norikatsu Mio, D. Sentenac, M. Heurs, J. S. H. Lee, P. Couvares, Patrick Brady, T. Dal Canton, Felix Wellmann, J. Warner, Podila Satya Venkata Narasimha Sharma, E. K. Gustafson, M. Rizzo, G. Cho, Pablo Cerdá-Durán, Vivien Raymond, A. A. Ciobanu, David E. McClelland, J. C. Bayley, J.-P. Coulon, François Bondu, H. Chu, M. Kolstein, P. J. Veitch, M. Ball, M. L. Lollie, P. J. Sutton, M. Deenadayalan, Sung-Po Chao, R. De Simone, S. Ghosh, D. Passuello, F. Badaracco, E. A. Chase, Z. Frei, Jacob Scheuer, Astrid Lamberts, J. Woehler, S. V. Angelova, Kyohei Kawaguchi, I. Michaloliakos, R. Passaquieti, G. Pagano, Reed Essick, C. Nguyen, N. Kita, J. N. Hohmann, C. Jeon, A. Cirone, R. Coyne, Fabrice Matichard, R. De Rosa, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Bernard F. Schutz, Kwan-Lok Li, M. Ying, M. Saleem, Veronica Granata, Yi-Ting Hsu, M. Haney, A. Balsamo, S. Khadka, Marta Colleoni, Yuta Michimura, P. Thomas, M. Arène, J. A. Giaime, I. Nardecchia, A. Amato, L. E. Wade, B. U. Gadre, A. C. Green, J. Z. Wang, Y-K. Chu, K. Yokogawa, D. Corre, Y. M. Kim, R. G. Ormiston, Hyun Lee, J. Calderón Bustillo, Safura Sharifi, J. H. Romie, B. Edelman, G. Mendell, C. Rajan, S. Kandhasamy, M. Fishbach, R. Abbott, Samuel Deléglise, S. J. Jadhav, A. R. Williamson, A. Miyamoto, Felipe Guzman, I. Belahcene, Albert K. H. Kong, B. Sorazu, E. O'Shea, Y. Nakayama, Piotr Jaranowski, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Geraint Pratten, H. Fair, H. W. Lee, Robert J. McCarthy, S. Takano, Linqing Wen, T. A. Callister, G. Kuehn, T. Sekiguchi, László Á. Gergely, A. Macquet, M. Boldrini, Philip F. Hopkins, Y. Kao, Fausto Acernese, K. Kuns, C-Y. Chiang, Laurent Pinard, Shaon Ghosh, F. J. Raab, N. Mukund, V. Savant, Valérie Martinez, M. Cieślar, Terry G. McRae, Takahiro Tanaka, J. B. Kanner, Li Ju, Yoshio Arai, Brittany Kamai, Andreu Sanuy, Y. Hiranuma, A. Fernandez-Galiana, Hideki Asada, C. V. Kalaghatgi, J. Hanson, H. Fong, G. Greco, Zong-Hong Zhu, Francesco Pannarale, A. L. Stuver, David Coward, A. Miani, Jan Harms, A. S. Sengupta, D. Bhattacharjee, Daniele A. Steer, H. Satari, D. Bersanetti, G. Ashton, B. Ikenoue, T. Yamamoto, E. Fenyvesi, C. Messenger, Fabrizio Bobba, Stephan Grimm, F. Hernandez Vivanco, C. H. Chan, E. Payne, Takashi Uchiyama, C. Gray, I. Fiori, A. K. Zadrożny, S. Ha, Kohei Yamamoto, T. J. Shaffer, Tomotada Akutsu, Shawn Rosofsky, H-S. Kuo, C. Osthelder, Daichi Tsuna, Anupreeta More, Y. Kuromiya, P. Relton, Michela Mapelli, Z. Chen, T. Mishra, R. Gustafson, G. A. Prodi, Andrea Chincarini, Minkyun Noh, Cesare Barbieri, Walter Winkler, A. S. Markosyan, R. DeSalvo, T. Z. Summerscales, A. Lemaître, J. N. Linley, F. Cipriano, Soichiro Morisaki, M. Bals, N. Radulesco, Kunihito Ioka, L. G. Prokhorov, Harald Lück, E. Knyazev, D. Verkindt, A. Rocchi, B. Goncharov, R. Birney, Zachariah B. Etienne, D. Lopez, Y. Drori, Jennifer Watchi, V. Boschi, M. van Beuzekom, H. L. Lin, A. L. James, Jade Powell, V. Mangano, C. Pankow, P. Dupej, M. Mantovani, Eric B. Flynn, J. Kume, Jianfang Wang, B. Gateley, A. Sur, T. Di Girolamo, Aaron Buikema, Hang Yu, N. Leroy, Kentaro Somiya, Iii H.W. Cain, D. Tsai, Christos Karathanasis, Eric Thrane, P. Barneo, W. Katzman, A. F. Vargas, T. Sadecki, Sheon Chua, R. Bonnand, Mariana Fazio, S. C. McGuire, J. F. Read, S. Di Pace, S. Otabe, Toshikazu Suzuki, Aldo Ejlli, M. Piendibene, M. K. M. Bader, D. L. Ferguson, Y. Sakuno, Miriam Lucio Martinez, Michael Thomas, S. Biscoveanu, W. Ogaki, E. Polini, B. Bécsy, Matthias H. Hennig, N. Van Remortel, Des Gibson, H. K. Gulati, Hiroyuki Nakano, Eric Grimes, P. M. Meyers, A. Branch, K. Sakai, J. V. van Heijningen, C. C. Wipf, M. Fyffe, S. Koley, M. Brinkmann, P. Prosposito, S. Grunewald, R. Prasanna, P. Popolizio, Koji Arai, Gabriela Gonzalez, K. R. Corley, S. Choudhary, J. N. Leviton, D. Pascucci, T. Uehara, R. Gamba, M. J. Cowart, M. Nery, S. Raja, S. Maliakal, Yuka Fujii, O. V. Palashov, Sean T. McWilliams, F. Piergiovanni, D. E. Cohen, C. Michel, Maria Luisa Chiofalo, A. E. Gleckl, Rajesh Kumar, Kuo-Chuan Pan, I. Maksimovic, A. Effler, A. Franke, Vivishek Sudhir, C. C. Kuo, R. L. Ward, G. Hemming, Valeria Sipala, David H. Reitze, H. Masalehdan, D. Buskulic, Rahul Kashyap, C. McIsaac, N. De Lillo, N. Sorrentino, W. Jia, H. Zhang, I. J. Hollows, D. H. Shoemaker, James Healy, Y. Moriwaki, Masaki Ando, H. Vahlbruch, Gunnar Riemenschneider, J. C. Mills, K. Riles, K. Kusayanagi, J. Y. Vinet, H. Middleton, C. Affeldt, Ettore Majorana, R. P. Fisher, S. Mitra, M. Zevin, M. Fukunaga, S. Frasca, Jonathan Richardson, Sarah Caudill, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam, E. J. Sanchez, D. Tuyenbayev, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Yogesh Verma, Kai Staats, S. Mastrogiovanni, L. Conti, Yi Yang, M. Agathos, S. Choate, S. Tanioka, Soumen Roy, Alejandro Torres-Forné, R. Negishi, P. Gupta, Giovanni Carapella, Otto A. Hannuksela, L. Pierini, P. Brockill, Albino Perego, A. Vajpeyi, T. D. Knowles, Gregorio Carullo, G-Z. Huang, Paul M. Ricker, B. Biswas, Marica Valentini, D. P. Kapasi, J. Zweizig, William Parker, Yoshihiko Saito, Shreya Anand, E. L. Merilh, Shrobana Ghosh, M. Davier, Rosalba Fittipaldi, Anuradha Gupta, Kunihiro Nagano, Carl Blair, T. J. Hansen, M. Shikauchi, F. Gissi, M. Bitossi, Jordan Camp, D. Tao, M. Weinert, H. A. G. Gabbard, Rakesh Kumar, M. Khursheed, E. J. Marx, F. Fidecaro, F. Bergamin, G. M. Guidi, Sebastian Steinlechner, C. A. Rose, S. Karat, J. Neilson, Hideaki Hayakawa, K. Wette, John J. Oh, Timothy Evans, T. Etzel, F. Cleva, M. P. Ross, S. Rodriguez, A. E. Tolley, John Veitch, M. Pichot, Sebastien Clesse, N. Bode, Maximiliano Isi, J. Lehmann, J. O'Dell, Ernesto Placidi, P. Ciecielag, Dániel Barta, C. S. Unnikrishnan, M. G. Benjamin, B. Cousins, Rory Smith, C. Adams, O. J. Piccinni, R. D. Rodriguez-Soto, Gor Oganesyan, C. Frederick, HyunGyu Suh, Doğa Veske, J. P. Zendri, A. F. Brooks, P. J. Quinonez, R. M. Blair, D. Sigg, C. García-Núñez, S. W. Ballmer, C. Kozakai, M. Takeda, E. M. Gretarsson, Ying Guo, D. Beniwal, J. McIver, Peter Fritschel, Wenxiao Wang, D. Davis, V. Valsan, E. Bonilla, Karsten Danzmann, T. Harder, Andrea H. Tapia, K. S. Phukon, Javier Sánchez, M. Masso-Reid, Michelle E. Walker, Z. J. Holmes, V. Del Favero, J. Eichholz, G. Moreno, H. Inchauspe, Y. Fujikawa, K. Isleif, Naoki Aritomi, E. Schwartz, A. W. Criswell, Lindsay DeMarchi, J. Petermann, Kenta Tanaka, A. Schindler-Tyka, Kimio Tsubono, J. Vanosky, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, M. Punturo, M. BenYaala, B. C. Pant, C. Messick, Matthew Evans, S. J. Rowlinson, D. Petterson, C. Magazzù, N. Arnaud, P. J. King, Jun'ichi Yokoyama, J. G. Guerrero, K. A. Pham, Frank Ohme, E. Leon, O. Halim, S. Klimenko, Ryutaro Takahashi, M. Tonelli, F. Muciaccia, M. J. Yap, K. Hattori, C. Palomba, L. E. Sanchez, K. J. Wagner, D. Hartwig, K. Okutomi, Anupam Sharma, Tim Dietrich, Lionel London, M. S. Shahriar, Sachiko Kuroyanagi, Imre Bartos, B. Idzkowski, V. Loriette, V. Skliris, Enrico Calloni, G. Traylor, S. Soni, Alexander C. Jenkins, Olivier Minazzoli, Thomas Corbitt, A. Markowitz, Takamasa Suzuki, Koya Arai, M. Razzano, Hiroki Takeda, B. Grace, Leopoldo Milano, G. Dálya, Guoying Zhao, C. Gier, Slawomir Gras, L. Salconi, C. A. Costa, S. W. S. Ng, S. M. Aronson, T. Tsang, Akiteru Takamori, N. Koper, Roman Schnabel, H. L. Griggs, R. K. Choudhary, M. Cifaldi, Prafulla K. Panda, V. Quetschke, Rainer Weiss, F. Ricci, X. Liu, Vijay Varma, D. Estevez, J. T. Whelan, M. MacInnis, Rémi Soulard, S. D'Antonio, H. B. Jin, S. Appert, Y. Setyawati, P. Rapagnani, J. E. Brau, J. Feicht, T. Mistry, V. Boudart, Souichi Telada, Aykutlu Dana, Martin M. Fejer, Hideyuki Tagoshi, J. R. Smith, R. Bork, S. Ghonge, P. B. Covas, Paul Hill, S. L. Nadji, Binlei Ding, Efim A. Khazanov, G. Ballardin, M. Caesar, David Blair, K. AultONeal, Robert Bruntz, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, M. Pedraza, Z. Yang, R. Quitzow-James, N. N. Janthalur, T. Sawada, Paul D. Lasky, R. K. Hasskew, P. Shawhan, I. Ferrante, J. W. Westhouse, Rico K. L. Lo, D. Ganapathy, D. D. White, Matthew Pitkin, S. M. Scott, L. van der Schaaf, S. A. Pai, Satya Mohapatra, P. McClincy, D. J. McManus, Joey Shapiro Key, S. Meshkov, Seog Oh, S. Bernuzzi, A. M. Holgado, F. Martelli, Karan Jani, R. Shink, Monica Colpi, E. Capocasa, L. Rei, R. Kozu, Andrew Lundgren, W. S. Kim, Shuji Saito, S. D. Linker, P. Charlton, K. Yamashita, Gijs Nelemans, E. D. Hall, N. Bose, M. Granata, J. Bryant, Mark A. Scheel, K. Martinovic, O. Edy, C. Ooi, J. R. Sanders, Daniel E. Holz, B. J. J. Slagmolen, Dalziel J. Wilson, F. Clara, A. Lockwood, K. Holt, R. Shimizu, T. L. Carver, F. Cavalier, K. Hasegawa, S. C. Tait, A. Paolone, K. Shukla, Tatiana da Silva Pereira, F. Salemi, Koh Ueno, Peter Graham Jones, A. W. Jones, R. De Pietri, J. S. Areeda, T. Prestegard, V. Spagnuolo, S. Imam, Rocco Romano, M. Kinley-Hanlon, John D. Scott, R. A. Mercer, S. Ossokine, Jinsook Kim, Y. Mori, C. K. Cheong, Toshihiro Tsuzuki, Jonathan E. Thompson, Kohei Inayoshi, F. Aubin, G. Stratta, T. Yokozawa, Jesper Munch, Achamveedu Gopakumar, Guo-Chin Liu, B. B. Lane, Zifan Zhou, I. A. Bilenko, J. L. Mango, L. Mereni, M. De Laurentis, V. Benedetto, B. Patricelli, D. S. Wu, Margaret Millhouse, M. Kasprzack, David J. Ottaway, A. Paoli, S. G. Gaonkar, Haixing Miao, H. Ohta, S. L. Danilishin, C. Périgois, Santosh Roy, F. Di Giovanni, G. Bogaert, K. L. Dooley, Aaron Zimmerman, A. Romero, Taiki Tanaka, A. R. Guimaraes, Fangchen Feng, Hong Guo, Lisa Barsotti, T. Sato, Anirban Dasgupta, R. Sugimoto, M. Vardaro, Y. Bai, A. K. Divakarla, I. C. F. Wong, R. J. G. Jonker, C. Chan, Nobuyuki Kanda, J. Südbeck, Hartmut Grote, G. Losurdo, G. G. Fronzé, H. K. Tanaka, Eiichi Hirose, Kouji Nakamura, R. S. Bankar, M. C. 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Forsyth, S. R. Thondapu, J. R. Palamos, David Jonathan Hofman, G. Baltus, Michele Zanolin, I. Magaña Hernandez, B. Nayak, T. J. Massinger, T. Vo, V. Kalogera, G. D. Hammond, Javed Rana, Lee McCuller, Takuya Tsutsui, P. Gewecke, P. Weßels, Jonathan Blackman, L. C.-C. Lin, M. Seglar-Arroyo, T. D. Abbott, M. Marchio, K. Toland, H. Yamamoto, K. Soni, M. Chan, A. M. Baer, A. Schönbeck, Zoheyr Doctor, V. D'Emilio, Giacomo Bruno, Daniel Wysocki, S. Fairhurst, L. Wallace, José A. Font, I. A. O. MacMillan, N. Singh, A. Królak, K. W. Chung, R. Frey, M. Test, Michael L. Norman, H. Y. Huang, E. A. Muñiz, S. Brunett, M. Mateu-Lucena, Jonathan R. Gair, C. Chen, A. Bisht, Kim Janssens, B. D'Angelo, Carlos O. Lousto, Hongyu Shen, D. C. Coyne, K. Izumi, Takayuki Tomaru, L. Giacoppo, C. North, Thomas Dent, P. Corban, T. Hardwick, F. Travasso, P. Ajith, Michał Bejger, M. Croquette, S. X. Rail, A. K. Y. Li, Hirotaka Takahashi, J. Jiang, Nami Uchikata, V. Hui, A. Perreca, G. Gemme, M. Drago, Zhihui Du, G. 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De Matteis, Archisman Ghosh, Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHES), IHES, KAGRA, Virgo, LIGO Scientific, Spectroscopies optiques des matériaux verres, amorphes et à nanoparticules (SOPRANO), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES), Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, A., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Aleman, K. M., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Ando, M., Angelova, S. V., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, Koya, Arai, Koji, Arai, Y., Araki, S., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Aritomi, N., Arnaud, N., Aronson, S. M., Asada, H., Asali, Y., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., Aufmuth, P., Aultoneal, K., Austin, C., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Bae, Y., Baer, A. M., Bagnasco, S., Bai, Y., Baiotti, L., Baird, J., Bajpai, R., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Bals, M., Balsamo, A., Baltus, G., Banagiri, S., Bankar, D., Bankar, R. S., Barayoga, J. C., Barbieri, C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benjamin, M. G., Bennett, T. F., Bentley, J. D., Benyaala, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhandare, R., Bhandari, A. V., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bidler, J., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bischi, M., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Biswas, B., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blackman, J., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Boldrini, M., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, N., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Briggs, J. H., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brooks, J., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Caesar, M., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Cain, H. W., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, J., Cao, Z., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlin, J. B., Carney, M. F., Carpinelli, M., Carullo, G., Carver, T. L., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakravarti, K., Champion, B., Chan, C. -H., Chan, C., Chan, C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chase, E. A., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, D., Chaturvedi, M., Chen, A., Chen, C., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K., Chen, X., Chen, Y. -B., Chen, Y. -R., Chen, Z., Cheng, H., Cheong, C. K., Cheung, H. Y., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiang, C-Y., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Cho, G., Cho, H. S., Choate, S., Choudhary, R. K., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chu, H., Chu, Q., Chu, Y-K., Chua, S., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Cipriano, F., Cirone, A., Clara, F., Clark, E. N., Clark, J. A., Clarke, L., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cohen, D. E., Cohen, L., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Constancio, M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corre, D., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cotesta, R., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Criswell, A. W., Croquette, M., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cummings, R., Cuoco, E., Curyło, M., Canton, T. Dal, Dálya, G., Dana, A., Daneshgaranbajastani, L. M., D’Angelo, B., Danilishin, S. L., D’Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darsow-Fromm, C., Dasgupta, A., Datrier, L. E. H., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Davis, D., Daw, E. J., Dean, R., Debra, D., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Favero, V., De Lillo, F., De Lillo, N., Del Pozzo, W., Demarchi, L. M., De Matteis, F., D’Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., Desalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Diaz-Ortiz, M., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giorgio, C., Di Giovanni, F., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Ding, B., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divakarla, A. K., Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., D’Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dorrington, I., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Drori, Y., Du, Z., Ducoin, J. -G., Dupej, P., Durante, O., D’Urso, D., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Easter, P. J., Ebersold, M., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eguchi, S., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Enomoto, Y., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Ewing, B. E., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Farah, A. M., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Farrow, N. W., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Feng, F., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Floden, E., Flynn, E., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franke, A., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frederick, C., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fujii, Y., Fujikawa, Y., Fukunaga, M., Fukushima, M., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A., Gadre, B. U., Gaebel, S. M., Gair, J. R., Gais, J., Galaudage, S., Gamba, R., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Gao, D., Gaonkar, S. G., Garaventa, B., García-Núñez, C., García-Quirós, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gaudio, S., Gayathri, V., Ge, G., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., George, J., Gergely, L., Gewecke, P., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Abhirup., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Sourath, Giacomazzo, B., Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gier, C., Giesler, M., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Glanzer, J., Gleckl, A. E., Godwin, P., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gohlke, N., Goncharov, B., González, G., Gopakumar, A., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Grace, B., Grado, A., Granata, M., Granata, V., Grant, A., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimes, E., Grimm, S. J., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Gruning, P., Guerrero, J. G., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Guixé, G., Gulati, H. K., Guo, H. -K., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, P., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Guzman, F., Ha, S., Haegel, L., Hagiwara, A., Haino, S., Halim, O., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hansen, H., Hansen, T. J., Hanson, J., Harder, T., Hardwick, T., Haris, K., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hartwig, D., Hasegawa, K., Haskell, B., Hasskew, R. K., Haster, C. -J., Hattori, K., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Hayes, F. J., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Hennig, J., Hennig, M. H., Vivanco, F. Hernandez, Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hill, P., Himemoto, Y., Hines, A. S., Hiranuma, Y., Hirata, N., Hirose, E., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Hohmann, J. N., Holgado, A. M., Holland, N. A., Hollows, I. J., Holmes, Z. J., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hong, Z., Hopkins, P., Hough, J., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hoyland, D., Hreibi, A., Hsieh, B-H., Hsu, Y., Huang, G-Z., Huang, H-Y., Huang, P., Huang, Y-C., Huang, Y. -J., Huang, Y. -W., Hübner, M. T., Huddart, A. D., Huerta, E. A., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huttner, S. 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D., Lousto, C. O., Lovelace, G., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Luo, L. -W., Macas, R., Macinnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Macmillan, I. A. O., Macquet, A., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magaña-Sandoval, F., Magazzù, C., Magee, R. M., Maggiore, R., Majorana, E., Makarem, C., Maksimovic, I., Maliakal, S., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mango, J. L., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Marchio, M., Marion, F., Mark, Z., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinez, M., Martinez, V., Martinovic, K., Martynov, D. V., Marx, E. J., Masalehdan, H., Mason, K., Massera, E., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matas, A., Mateu-Lucena, M., Matichard, F., Matiushechkina, M., Mavalvala, N., Mccann, J. J., Mccarthy, R., Mcclelland, D. E., Mcclincy, P., Mccormick, S., Mcculler, L., Mcghee, G. I., Mcguire, S. 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Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abbott, R, Abbott, T, Abraham, S, Acernese, F, Ackley, K, Adams, A, Adams, C, Adhikari, R, Adya, V, Affeldt, C, Agarwal, D, Agathos, M, Agatsuma, K, Aggarwal, N, Aguiar, O, Aiello, L, Ain, A, Ajith, P, Akutsu, T, Aleman, K, Allen, G, Allocca, A, Altin, P, Amato, A, Anand, S, Ananyeva, A, Anderson, S, Anderson, W, Ando, M, Angelova, S, Ansoldi, S, Antelis, J, Antier, S, Appert, S, Arai, K, Arai, Y, Araki, S, Araya, A, Araya, M, Areeda, J, Arene, M, Aritomi, N, Arnaud, N, Aronson, S, Asada, H, Asali, Y, Ashton, G, Aso, Y, Aston, S, Astone, P, Aubin, F, Aufmuth, P, Aultoneal, K, Austin, C, Babak, S, Badaracco, F, Bader, M, Bae, S, Bae, Y, Baer, A, Bagnasco, S, Bai, Y, Baiotti, L, Baird, J, Bajpai, R, Ball, M, Ballardin, G, Ballmer, S, Bals, M, Balsamo, A, Baltus, G, Banagiri, S, Bankar, D, Bankar, R, Barayoga, J, Barbieri, C, Barish, B, Barker, D, Barneo, P, Barone, F, Barr, B, Barsotti, L, Barsuglia, M, Barta, D, Bartlett, J, Barton, M, Bartos, I, Bassiri, R, Basti, A, Bawaj, M, Bayley, J, Baylor, A, Bazzan, M, Becsy, B, Bedakihale, V, Bejger, M, Belahcene, I, Benedetto, V, Beniwal, D, Benjamin, M, Bennett, T, Bentley, J, Benyaala, M, Bergamin, F, Berger, B, Bernuzzi, S, Bersanetti, D, Bertolini, A, Betzwieser, J, Bhandare, R, Bhandari, A, Bhattacharjee, D, Bhaumik, S, Bidler, J, Bilenko, I, Billingsley, G, Birney, R, Birnholtz, O, Biscans, S, Bischi, M, Biscoveanu, S, Bisht, A, Biswas, B, Bitossi, M, Bizouard, M, Blackburn, J, Blackman, J, Blair, C, Blair, D, Blair, R, Bobba, F, Bode, N, Boer, M, Bogaert, G, Boldrini, M, Bondu, F, Bonilla, E, Bonnand, R, Booker, P, Boom, B, Bork, R, Boschi, V, Bose, N, Bose, S, Bossilkov, V, Boudart, V, Bouffanais, Y, Bozzi, A, Bradaschia, C, Brady, P, Bramley, A, Branch, A, Branchesi, M, Brau, J, Breschi, M, Briant, T, Briggs, J, Brillet, A, Brinkmann, M, Brockill, P, Brooks, A, Brooks, J, Brown, D, Brunett, S, Bruno, G, Bruntz, R, Bryant, J, Buikema, A, Bulik, T, Bulten, H, Buonanno, A, Buscicchio, R, Buskulic, D, Byer, R, Cadonati, L, Caesar, M, Cagnoli, G, Cahillane, C, Cain, H, Bustillo, J, Callaghan, J, Callister, T, Calloni, E, Camp, J, Canepa, M, Cannavacciuolo, M, Cannon, K, Cao, H, Cao, J, Cao, Z, Capocasa, E, Capote, E, Carapella, G, Carbognani, F, Carlin, J, Carney, M, Carpinelli, M, Carullo, G, Carver, T, Diaz, J, Casentini, C, Castaldi, G, Caudill, S, Cavaglia, M, Cavalier, F, Cavalieri, R, Cella, G, Cerda-Duran, P, Cesarini, E, Chaibi, W, Chakravarti, K, Champion, B, Chan, C, Chan, M, Chandra, K, Chanial, P, Chao, S, Charlton, P, Chase, E, Chassande-Mottin, E, Chatterjee, D, Chaturvedi, M, Chen, A, Chen, C, Chen, H, Chen, J, Chen, K, Chen, X, Chen, Y, Chen, Z, Cheng, H, Cheong, C, Cheung, H, Chia, H, Chiadini, F, Chiang, C, Chierici, R, Chincarini, A, Chiofalo, M, Chiummo, A, Cho, G, Cho, H, Choate, S, Choudhary, R, Choudhary, S, Christensen, N, Chu, H, Chu, Q, Chu, Y, Chua, S, Chung, K, Ciani, G, Ciecielag, P, Cieslar, M, Cifaldi, M, Ciobanu, A, Ciolfi, R, Cipriano, F, Cirone, A, Clara, F, Clark, E, Clark, J, Clarke, L, Clearwater, P, Clesse, S, Cleva, F, Coccia, E, Cohadon, P, Cohen, D, Cohen, L, Colleoni, M, Collette, C, Colpi, M, Compton, C, Constancio, M, Conti, L, Cooper, S, Corban, P, Corbitt, T, Cordero-Carrion, I, Corezzi, S, Corley, K, Cornish, N, Corre, D, Corsi, A, Cortese, S, Costa, C, Cotesta, R, Coughlin, M, Coughlin, S, Coulon, J, Countryman, S, Cousins, B, Couvares, P, Covas, P, Coward, D, Cowart, M, Coyne, D, Coyne, R, Creighton, J, Creighton, T, Criswell, A, Croquette, M, Crowder, S, Cudell, J, Cullen, T, Cumming, A, Cummings, R, Cuoco, E, Curylo, M, Canton, T, Dalya, G, Dana, A, Daneshgaranbajastani, L, D'Angelo, B, Danilishin, S, D'Antonio, S, Danzmann, K, Darsow-Fromm, C, Dasgupta, A, Datrier, L, Dattilo, V, Dave, I, Davier, M, Davies, G, Davis, D, Daw, E, Dean, R, Debra, D, Deenadayalan, M, Degallaix, J, De Laurentis, M, Deleglise, S, Del Favero, V, De Lillo, F, De Lillo, N, Del Pozzo, W, Demarchi, L, De Matteis, F, D'Emilio, V, Demos, N, Dent, T, Depasse, A, De Pietri, R, De Rosa, R, De Rossi, C, Desalvo, R, De Simone, R, Dhurandhar, S, Diaz, M, Diaz-Ortiz, M, Didio, N, Dietrich, T, Di Fiore, L, Di Fronzo, C, Di Giorgio, C, Di Giovanni, F, Di Girolamo, T, Di Lieto, A, Ding, B, Di Pace, S, Di Palma, I, Di Renzo, F, Divakarla, A, Dmitriev, A, Doctor, Z, D'Onofrio, L, Donovan, F, Dooley, K, Doravari, S, Dorrington, I, Drago, M, Driggers, J, Drori, Y, Du, Z, Ducoin, J, Dupej, P, Durante, O, D'Urso, D, Duverne, P, Dwyer, S, Easter, P, Ebersold, M, Eddolls, G, Edelman, B, Edo, T, Edy, O, Effler, A, Eguchi, S, Eichholz, J, Eikenberry, S, Eisenmann, M, Eisenstein, R, Ejlli, A, Enomoto, Y, Errico, L, Essick, R, Estelles, H, Estevez, D, Etienne, Z, Etzel, T, Evans, M, Evans, T, Ewing, B, Fafone, V, Fair, H, Fairhurst, S, Fan, X, Farah, A, Farinon, S, Farr, B, Farr, W, Farrow, N, Fauchon-Jones, E, Favata, M, Fays, M, Fazio, M, Feicht, J, Fejer, M, Feng, F, Fenyvesi, E, Ferguson, D, Fernandez-Galiana, A, Ferrante, I, Ferreira, T, Fidecaro, F, Figura, P, Fiori, I, Fishbach, M, Fisher, R, Fittipaldi, R, Fiumara, V, Flaminio, R, Floden, E, Flynn, E, Fong, H, Font, J, Fornal, B, Forsyth, P, Franke, A, Frasca, S, Frasconi, F, Frederick, C, Frei, Z, Freise, A, Frey, R, Fritschel, P, Frolov, V, Fronze, G, Fujii, Y, Fujikawa, Y, Fukunaga, M, Fukushima, M, Fulda, P, Fyffe, M, Gabbard, H, Gadre, B, Gaebel, S, Gair, J, Gais, J, Galaudage, S, Gamba, R, Ganapathy, D, Ganguly, A, Gao, D, Gaonkar, S, Garaventa, B, Garcia-Nunez, C, Garcia-Quiros, C, Garufi, F, Gateley, B, Gaudio, S, Gayathri, V, Ge, G, Gemme, G, Gennai, A, George, J, Gergely, L, Gewecke, P, Ghonge, S, Ghosh, A, Ghosh, S, Giacomazzo, B, Giacoppo, L, Giaime, J, Giardina, K, Gibson, D, Gier, C, Giesler, M, Giri, P, Gissi, F, Glanzer, J, Gleckl, A, Godwin, P, Goetz, E, Goetz, R, Gohlke, N, Goncharov, B, Gonzalez, G, Gopakumar, A, Gosselin, M, Gouaty, R, Grace, B, Grado, A, Granata, M, Granata, V, Grant, A, Gras, S, Grassia, P, Gray, C, Gray, R, Greco, G, Green, A, Green, R, Gretarsson, A, Gretarsson, E, Griffith, D, Griffiths, W, Griggs, H, Grignani, G, Grimaldi, A, Grimes, E, Grimm, S, Grote, H, Grunewald, S, Gruning, P, Guerrero, J, Guidi, G, Guimaraes, A, Guixe, G, Gulati, H, Guo, H, Guo, Y, Gupta, A, Gupta, P, Gustafson, E, Gustafson, R, Guzman, F, Ha, S, Haegel, L, Hagiwara, A, Haino, S, Halim, O, Hall, E, Hamilton, E, Hammond, G, Han, W, Haney, M, Hanks, J, Hanna, C, Hannam, M, Hannuksela, O, Hansen, H, Hansen, T, Hanson, J, Harder, T, Hardwick, T, Haris, K, Harms, J, Harry, G, Harry, I, Hartwig, D, Hasegawa, K, Haskell, B, Hasskew, R, Haster, C, Hattori, K, Haughian, K, Hayakawa, H, Hayama, K, Hayes, F, Healy, J, Heidmann, A, Heintze, M, Heinze, J, Heinzel, J, Heitmann, H, Hellman, F, Hello, P, Helmling-Cornell, A, Hemming, G, Hendry, M, Heng, I, Hennes, E, Hennig, J, Hennig, M, Vivanco, F, Heurs, M, Hild, S, Hill, P, Himemoto, Y, Hines, A, Hiranuma, Y, Hirata, N, Hirose, E, Hochheim, S, Hofman, D, Hohmann, J, Holgado, A, Holland, N, Hollows, I, Holmes, Z, Holt, K, Holz, D, Hong, Z, Hopkins, P, Hough, J, Howell, E, Hoy, C, Hoyland, D, Hreibi, A, Hsieh, B, Hsu, Y, Huang, G, Huang, H, Huang, P, Huang, Y, Hubner, M, Huddart, A, Huerta, E, Hughey, B, Hui, D, Hui, V, Husa, S, Huttner, S, Huxford, R, Huynh-Dinh, T, Ide, S, Idzkowski, B, Iess, A, Ikenoue, B, Imam, S, Inayoshi, K, Inchauspe, H, Ingram, C, Inoue, Y, Intini, G, Ioka, K, Isi, M, Isleif, K, Ito, K, Itoh, Y, Iyer, B, Izumi, K, Jaberianhamedan, V, Jacqmin, T, Jadhav, S, James, A, Jan, A, Jani, K, Janssens, K, Janthalur, N, Jaranowski, P, Jariwala, D, Jaume, R, Jenkins, A, Jeon, C, Jeunon, M, Jia, W, Jiang, J, Jin, H, Johns, G, Jones, A, Jones, D, Jones, J, Jones, P, Jones, R, Jonker, R, Ju, L, Jung, K, Jung, P, Junker, J, Kaihotsu, K, Kajita, T, Kakizaki, M, Kalaghatgi, C, Kalogera, V, Kamai, B, Kamiizumi, M, Kanda, N, Kandhasamy, S, Kang, G, Kanner, J, Kao, Y, Kapadia, S, Kapasi, D, Karat, S, Karathanasis, C, Karki, S, Kashyap, R, Kasprzack, M, Kastaun, W, Katsanevas, S, Katsavounidis, E, Katzman, W, Kaur, T, Kawabe, K, Kawaguchi, K, Kawai, N, Kawasaki, T, Kefelian, F, Keitel, D, Key, J, Khadka, S, Khalili, F, Khan, I, Khan, S, Khazanov, E, Khetan, N, Khursheed, M, Kijbunchoo, N, Kim, C, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, W, Kim, Y, Kimball, C, Kimura, N, King, P, Kinley-Hanlon, M, Kirchhoff, R, Kissel, J, Kita, N, Kitazawa, H, Kleybolte, L, Klimenko, S, Knee, A, 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Strang, L, Stratta, G, Strunk, A, Sturani, R, Stuver, A, Sudbeck, J, Sudhagar, S, Sudhir, V, Sugimoto, R, Suh, H, Summerscales, T, Sun, H, Sun, L, Sunil, S, Sur, A, Suresh, J, Sutton, P, Suzuki, T, Swinkels, B, Szczepanczyk, M, Szewczyk, P, Tacca, M, Tagoshi, H, Tait, S, Takahashi, H, Takahashi, R, Takamori, A, Takano, S, Takeda, H, Takeda, M, Talbot, C, Tanaka, H, Tanaka, K, Tanaka, T, Tanasijczuk, A, Tanioka, S, Tanner, D, Tao, D, Tapia, A, Martin, E, Mertin, E, Tasson, J, Telada, S, Tenorio, R, Terkowski, L, Test, M, Thirugnanasambandam, M, Thomas, M, Thomas, P, Thompson, J, Thondapu, S, Thorne, K, Thrane, E, Tiwari, S, Tiwari, V, Toland, K, Tolley, A, Tomaru, T, Tomigami, Y, Tomura, T, Tonelli, M, Torres-Forne, A, Torrie, C, E Melo, I, Toyra, D, Trapananti, A, Travasso, F, Traylor, G, Tringali, M, Tripathee, A, Troiano, L, Trovato, A, Trozzo, L, Trudeau, R, Tsai, D, Tsang, K, Tsang, T, Tsao, J, Tse, M, Tso, R, Tsubono, K, Tsuchida, S, Tsukada, L, Tsuna, D, Tsutsui, T, Tsuzuki, T, Turconi, M, Tuyenbayev, D, Ubhi, A, Uchikata, N, Uchiyama, T, Udall, R, Ueda, A, Uehara, T, Ueno, K, Ueshima, G, Ugolini, D, Unnikrishnan, C, Uraguchi, F, Urban, A, Ushiba, T, Usman, S, Utina, A, Vahlbruch, H, Vajente, G, Vajpeyi, A, Valdes, G, Valentini, M, Valsan, V, Van Bakel, N, Van Beuzekom, M, Van Den Brand, J, Van Den Broeck, C, Vander-Hyde, D, Van Der Schaaf, L, Van Heijningen, J, Vanosky, J, Van Putten, M, Van Remortel, N, Vardaro, M, Vargas, A, Varma, V, Vasuth, M, Vecchio, A, Vedovato, G, Veitch, J, Veitch, P, Venkateswara, K, Venneberg, J, Venugopalan, G, Verkindt, D, Verma, Y, Veske, D, Vetrano, F, Vicere, A, Viets, A, Villa-Ortega, V, Vinet, J, Vitale, S, Vo, T, Vocca, H, Von Reis, E, Von Wrangel, J, Vorvick, C, Vyatchanin, S, Wade, L, Wade, M, Wagner, K, Walet, R, Walker, M, Wallace, G, Wallace, L, Walsh, S, Wang, J, Wang, W, Ward, R, Warner, J, Was, M, Washimi, T, Washington, N, Watchi, J, Weaver, B, Wei, L, Weinert, M, Weinstein, A, Weiss, R, Weller, C, Wellmann, F, Wen, L, Wessels, P, Westhouse, J, Wette, K, Whelan, J, White, D, Whiting, B, Whittle, C, Wilken, D, Williams, D, Williams, M, Williamson, A, Willis, J, Willke, B, Wilson, D, Winkler, W, Wipf, C, Wlodarczyk, T, Woan, G, Woehler, J, Wofford, J, Wong, I, Wu, C, Wu, D, Wu, H, Wu, S, Wysocki, D, Xiao, L, Xu, W, Yamada, T, Yamamoto, H, Yamamoto, K, Yamamoto, T, Yamashita, K, Yamazaki, R, Yang, F, Yang, L, Yang, Y, Yang, Z, Yap, M, Yeeles, D, Yelikar, A, Ying, M, Yokogawa, K, Yokoyama, J, Yokozawa, T, Yoon, A, Yoshioka, T, Yu, H, Yuzurihara, H, Zadrozny, A, Zanolin, M, Zeidler, S, Zelenova, T, Zendri, J, Zevin, M, Zhan, M, Zhang, H, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, R, Zhang, T, Zhao, C, Zhao, G, Zhao, Y, Zhou, Z, Zhu, X, Zhu, Z, Zimmerman, A, Zucker, M, Zweizig, J, RS: FSE Grav. waves and fundamental physics, Grav. waves and fundamental physics, RS: FSE MSP, UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique, Arai, K., Arene, M., Becsy, B., Bustillo, J. C., Diaz, J. C., Cavaglia, M., Cerda-Duran, P., Chiang, C. -Y., Chu, Y. -K., Cieslar, M., Cordero-Carrion, I., Curylo, M., Canton, T. D., Dalya, G., D'Angelo, B., D'Antonio, S., Deleglise, S., D'Emilio, V., Diaz, M. C., D'Onofrio, L., D'Urso, D., Estelles, H., Fronze, G. G., Garcia-Nunez, C., Garcia-Quiros, C., Ghosh, A., Ghosh, S., Gonzalez, G., Guixe, G., Gupta, A., Vivanco, F. H., Hsieh, B. -H., Huang, G. -Z., Huang, H. -Y., Huang, Y. -C., Hubner, M. T., Kefelian, F., Krolak, A., Kumar, R., Kuo, H. -S., Lemaitre, A., Lin, C. -Y., Lin, F. -K., Lin, F. -L., Luck, H., Hernandez, I. M., Magana-Sandoval, F., Magazzu, C., Marka, S., Marka, Z., Mir, L. M., Mo, G., Mukherjee, A., Mukherjee, S., Muniz, E. A., Quynh, L. N., O'Brien, B. D., O'Dell, J., O'Reilly, B., O'Shaughnessy, R., O'Shea, E., Arellano, F. E. P., Perigois, C., Perries, S., Purrer, M., Rosinska, D., Roy, S., Schonbeck, A., Sudbeck, J., Suzuki, T., Szczepanczyk, M. J., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, T., Martin, E. N. T. S., Mertin, E. N. T. S., Tiwari, S., Torres-Forne, A., E Melo, I. T., Toyra, D., Tsao, J. -S., Van Bakel, N., Van Beuzekom, M., Van Den Brand, J. F. J., Van Der Schaaf, L., Van Heijningen, J. V., Van Putten, M. H. P. M., Van Remortel, N., Vasuth, M., Vicere, A., Von Reis, E. R. G., Von Wrangel, J., Wessels, P., Xu, W. -R., Yamamoto, K., Yang, Y., Yu, H., Zadrozny, A., Zhao, Y., LIGO Sci Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, KAGRA Collaboration, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and G, and (Astro)-Particles Physics
Subjects: gravitational radiation: anisotropy, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), gravitational radiation: stochastic, Astronomy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Physics, Particles & Fields, Cosmology & Astrophysics, energy: flux, energy: density, gravitational radiation: energy, LIGO, QC, QB, Physics, Settore FIS/01, Spectral index, Galactic Center, Amplitude, General relativity, Sidereal time, Physical Sciences, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], gravitational radiation: power spectrum, Gravitation, data analysis method, Anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background, Experimental studies of gravity, FOS: Physical sciences, O3, O2, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Stochastic Background, Gravitational Waves, LIGO, Virgo, O1, O2, O3, O1, Gravitational waves, UPPER LIMITS, statistical analysis, 0103 physical sciences, advanced LIGO and Virgo, ddc:530, KAGRA, 010306 general physics, STFC, gravitational waves, Virgo, Gravitational Waves, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation: background, RCUK, Galaxy, VIRGO, gravitational radiation: emission, spectrum: density, RADIATION, CROSS-CORRELATION SEARCH, Stochastic Background, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, galaxy
Abstract: We report results from searches for anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. For the first time, we include Virgo data in our analysis and run our search with a new efficient pipeline called {\tt PyStoch} on data folded over one sidereal day. We use gravitational-wave radiometry (broadband and narrow band) to produce sky maps of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and to search for gravitational waves from point sources. A spherical harmonic decomposition method is employed to look for gravitational-wave emission from spatially-extended sources. Neither technique found evidence of gravitational-wave signals. Hence we derive 95\% confidence-level upper limit sky maps on the gravitational-wave energy flux from broadband point sources, ranging from $F_{\alpha, \Theta} < {\rm (0.013 - 7.6)} \times 10^{-8} {\rm erg \, cm^{-2} \, s^{-1} \, Hz^{-1}},$ and on the (normalized) gravitational-wave energy density spectrum from extended sources, ranging from $\Omega_{\alpha, \Theta} < {\rm (0.57 - 9.3)} \times 10^{-9} \, {\rm sr^{-1}}$, depending on direction ($\Theta$) and spectral index ($\alpha$). These limits improve upon previous limits by factors of $2.9 - 3.5$. We also set 95\% confidence level upper limits on the frequency-dependent strain amplitudes of quasimonochromatic gravitational waves coming from three interesting targets, Scorpius X-1, SN 1987A and the Galactic Center, with best upper limits range from $h_0 < {\rm (1.7-2.1)} \times 10^{-25},$ a factor of $\geq 2.0$ improvement compared to previous stochastic radiometer searches., Comment: 23 Pages, 9 Figures
Published: 2021

14. Vibration isolation systems for the beam splitter and signal recycling mirrors of the KAGRA gravitational wave detector

Author: Hirotaka Takahashi, T. Sekiguchi, Nami Uchikata, Zong-Hong Zhu, Mitsuhiro Fukushima, H. Y. Huang, Ping Huang, Kimio Tsubono, M. Kamiizumi, R. Kozu, Shuji Saito, K. L. Li, Y. Moriwaki, Y. Mori, Atsushi Nishizawa, Souichi Telada, A. Miyamoto, T. Sawada, Kazuhiro Hayama, D. C. Y. Hui, W. S. Kim, Hiroyuki Nakano, S. Imam, Shigeo Nagano, H. L. Lin, S. Otabe, Takuya Tsutsui, Kei Kotake, Masashi Ohkawa, Jinsook Kim, K. Ito, Soichiro Morisaki, Takashi Sato, Yasufumi Kojima, C. Jeon, M. Marchio, Toshihiro Tsuzuki, T. Yamamoto, Yoichi Aso, Kohei Inayoshi, Nobuyuki Kanda, Hideaki Hayakawa, M. Takeda, Y. Tomigami, Hajime Sotani, Nobutada Kimura, Chunglee Kim, Yuka Fujii, Toshio Suzuki, M. Zhan, F. E. Peña Arellano, Fumihiro Uraguchi, T. Yokozawa, H. K. Tanaka, Hyun Lee, Eiichi Hirose, Kouji Nakamura, K. Yamashita, H. Vocca, Takahiro Tanaka, Satoshi Tsuchida, C. C. Kuo, D. Tuyenbayev, T. Yamada, Sadakazu Haino, H. Pang, C. Wu, K. Ueno, B. Ikenoue, F-L. Lin, Lijing Shao, T. Shimoda, Y. Okutani, K. Kaihotsu, Zhoujian Cao, Yoshiaki Himemoto, I. M. Pinto, S. Tanioka, K. Jung, Y. Sakuno, M. A. Barton, K. Izumi, Albert K. H. Kong, H-S. Kuo, M. Nakano, Wen-Biao Han, G. Ueshima, Y. Huang, Kyujin Kwak, K. Yamamoto, B. H. Hsieh, M. Leonardi, Y. Bae, Yuki Inoue, T. Ushiba, Yuichiro Sekiguchi, K. Shimode, J-S. Tsao, Shuen De Wu, S. Shibagaki, W. Ogaki, Simon Zeidler, Luca Baiotti, Yousuke Itoh, Z. Hong, Yuhang Zhao, E. Capocasa, Kyohei Kawaguchi, Hong Wu, Y. Kuromiya, L. Nguyen Quynh, Hiroyuki Takeda, Haruki Kitazawa, Y. Hiranuma, T. Narikawa, R. Bajpai, J. Park, Ryo Yamazaki, Y. M. Kim, H. Chu, A. Hagiwara, Hisa-aki Shinkai, C-Y. Lin, S. Sato, N. Hirata, Jun'ichi Yokoyama, Keiko Kokeyama, L. Naticchioni, T. Shishido, C-Y. Chiang, Yi Chen, R. Sugimoto, Y. Nakayama, Takashi Uchiyama, Kunihito Ioka, Yutaro Enomoto, K. Hattori, R. Nakashima, L. Trozzo, K. Oh, Yoshiyuki Obuchi, E. N. Tapia San Martin, Y. Sakai, K. Sakai, D. Gao, T. Yoshioka, N. Kawai, Norichika Sago, Akiteru Takamori, Kazuyuki Tanaka, S. Eguchi, F. K. Lin, R. Flaminio, H. B. Jin, T. Kawasaki, Akito Araya, Shinji Miyoki, G. Kang, H. Ohta, S. Takano, Kentaro Somiya, R. Hatoya, T. Kajita, A. Parisi, T. Washimi, S. Bae, A. Shoda, S. Oshino, S. Ide, H. Zhang, Masaki Ando, K. Hasegawa, E. J. Son, J. Kume, M. H. P. M. van Putten, Jishnu Suresh, Yi Yang, Yoshio Arai, C. Chen, A. Ueda, T. Tomura, K. Miyo, K. Oohara, Sakae Araki, Osamu Miyakawa, K. Okutomi, Sachiko Kuroyanagi, Tomotada Akutsu, Hideki Asada, R. Shimizu, L. C.-C. Lin, Naoki Aritomi, N. Kita, T. Tsang, Ryutaro Takahashi, Kuo-Chuan Pan, M. Chan, R. Negishi, Seog Oh, Takayuki Tomaru, Jung-Hoon Kim, Ettore Majorana, P. Jung, M. Fukunaga, G-Z. Huang, Yoshihiko Saito, Kunihiro Nagano, John J. Oh, G. Ge, C. Kozakai, Y. Fujikawa, Wei-Tou Ni, Kentaro Komori, Hideyuki Tagoshi, S. Nozaki, Norikatsu Mio, Kai-Feng Chen, S. Ha, T. Uehara, H. Yuzurihara, Masako Kakizaki, Kipp Cannon, L. W. Luo, Yuta Michimura, Rajesh Kumar, K. Kusayanagi, Ray-Kuang Lee, Hyang Woon Lee, Y. Miyazaki, Guo-Chin Liu, J. Z. Wang, Y-K. Chu, K. Yokogawa, Koji Arai, Masatake Ohashi, Naoko Ohishi, W-R. Xu, C. P. Ooi, F. Travasso, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gravitational-wave observatory, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Signal, law.invention, gravitational wave detectors, Optics, law, gravitational waves, vibration isolation, underground experiments, gravitational wave detectors, 0103 physical sciences, KAGRA, Interferometric gravitational wave detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, mirror, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Payload, business.industry, Detector, oscillation, optics, vibration isolation, Vibration isolation, underground experiments, gravitational waves, mechanical engineering, gravitational radiation detector: interferometer, business, Beam splitter, mechanics, performance
Abstract: KAGRA is an underground interferometric gravitational wave detector which is currently being commissioned. This detector relies on high-performance vibration-isolation systems to suspend its key optical components. These suspensions come in four different configurations, of which the type-B is used for the beam splitter and signal recycling mirrors. The type-B suspension comprises the payload, three geometric anti-spring filters for vertical isolation and one inverted pendulum for horizontal isolation. The payload comprises the optic, its marionette and their recoil masses, which hold local displacement sensors and coil magnet actuators used for damping the resonant modes of oscillation of the suspension itself. The beam splitter version has a modified lower section to accommodate a wider optical component. The payload is also equipped with an optical lever, used to monitor and control the position of the suspended optics from the ground. All four suspensions have now been installed in vacuum chambers. We describe the mechanical, electrical and control design, and the measured performance compared to requirements.
Published: 2021

15. Overview of KAGRA: KAGRA science

Author: D. C. Y. Hui, G. Ueshima, Tatsuhiro Yamada, T. Narikawa, Ryo Yamazaki, Keiko Kokeyama, Soichiro Morisaki, C. Jeon, Kipp Cannon, Akito Araya, L. W. Luo, C. C. Kuo, Kentaro Somiya, R. Shimizu, L. C.-C. Lin, T. Kajita, A. Parisi, Hideyuki Tagoshi, D. Tuyenbayev, Shigeo Nagano, Masaki Ando, Y. M. Kim, C-Y. Chiang, M. Chan, T. Yamamoto, Kei Kotake, Norikatsu Mio, K. Hasegawa, M. H. P. M. van Putten, Jishnu Suresh, L. Nguyen Quynh, S. Ha, R. Bajpai, S. Nozaki, Nobuyuki Kanda, K. Miyo, K. Oohara, S. Ide, Kyujin Kwak, Kai-Feng Chen, M. Zhan, L. Naticchioni, T. Shishido, Hideaki Hayakawa, H. Pang, Yoshio Arai, H. K. Tanaka, R. Nakashima, Y. Huang, M. A. Barton, Eiichi Hirose, F. Fujikawa, Kouji Nakamura, T. Uehara, M. Nakano, H. Yuzurihara, H. Chu, Takayuki Tomaru, W-R. Xu, C. P. Ooi, F-L. Lin, Shuen De Wu, Masako Kakizaki, H. Vocca, Hisa-aki Shinkai, Kazuhiro Hayama, M. Leonardi, Takashi Sato, Yoshiyuki Obuchi, R. Sugimoto, Atsushi Nishizawa, S. Oshino, Yoshiaki Himemoto, I. M. Pinto, Haruki Kitazawa, Yuka Fujii, Y. Hiranuma, G. Ge, Yuichiro Sekiguchi, Kimio Tsubono, S. Otabe, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Kwan-Lok Li, Y. Sakai, Hiroki Takeda, S. Takano, K. Sakai, F. K. Lin, K. Kaihotsu, Souichi Telada, T. Sawada, E. J. Son, Kazumi Kashiyama, W. S. Kim, Takashi Uchiyama, Kunihito Ioka, Tenglin Li, J. Kume, K. Yamashita, Satoshi Tsuchida, Shinji Miyoki, Masatake Ohashi, T. Yoshioka, W. Ogaki, T. Tomura, Lijing Shao, K. Shimode, N. Kita, R. Flaminio, Z. Hong, T. Shimoda, Y. Okutani, Kentaro Komori, Naoko Ohishi, T. Tsang, Hideki Asada, Y. Tomigami, Jung-Hoon Kim, Kuo-Chuan Pan, J. Z. Wang, Y-K. Chu, K. Yokogawa, R. Negishi, Tomotada Akutsu, Hong Wu, Nobutada Kimura, Naoki Aritomi, Koji Arai, Seog Oh, Takahiro Tanaka, A. Hagiwara, C-Y. Lin, Ryutaro Takahashi, B. H. Hsieh, K. Hattori, Masashi Ohkawa, Y. Aso, Yuki Inoue, H. Ohta, Akiteru Takamori, Wen-Biao Han, H. B. Jin, S. Shibagaki, C. Z. Huang, Y. Nakayama, T. Ushiba, S. Eguchi, Luca Baiotti, Simon Zeidler, Yuhang Zhao, S. Sato, N. Hirata, A. Shoda, Yousuke Itoh, Yutaro Enomoto, T. Sekiguchi, Yi Chen, Zong-Hong Zhu, Y. Sakuno, Y. Mori, M. Kamiizumi, A. Miyamoto, Hiroyuki Nakano, J. Park, K. Ito, Y. Moriwaki, Yuta Michimura, K. Yamamoto, Y. Bae, Kyohei Kawaguchi, Rajesh Kumar, K. Kusayanagi, D. Gao, T. Kawasaki, Yi Yang, Ray-Kuang Lee, S. Tanioka, K. Jung, R. Kozu, E. Capocasa, Shuji Saito, Hyang Woon Lee, S. Imam, Jinsook Kim, Toshihiro Tsuzuki, E. N. Tapia San Martin, Kohei Inayoshi, M. Takeda, N. Kawai, T. Yokozawa, K. Okutomi, Sachiko Kuroyanagi, H. L. Lin, Y. Miyazaki, Guo-Chin Liu, Takuya Tsutsui, M. Marchio, Ettore Majorana, P. Jung, M. Fukunaga, Yoshihiko Saito, Kunihiro Nagano, John J. Oh, C. Kozakai, C. Chen, Yasufumi Kojima, Hajime Sotani, Chunglee Kim, Fumihiro Uraguchi, K. Izumi, Wei-Tou Ni, Sadakazu Haino, C. Wu, J-S. Tsao, K. Ueno, Zhoujian Cao, L. Trozzo, Norichika Sago, T. Washimi, S. Bae, F. E. Pe Na Arellano, Jun'ichi Yokoyama, K. Oh, Toshio Suzuki, Hyun Lee, F. Travasso, Hirotaka Takahashi, Nami Uchikata, Mitsuhiro Fukushima, H. Y. Huang, Ping Huang, B. Ikenoue, H-S. Kuo, G. Kang, H. Zhang, A. Ueda, Sakae Araki, Osamu Miyakawa, Albert K. H. Kong, Y. Kuromiya, Daichi Tsuna, LAPP - Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and KAGRA
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, laser: interferometer, KAGRA, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, kagra gravitational wave kamioka, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, gravitational radiation, Astronomy, detector: upgrade, gravitational radiation detector, detector: sensitivity, Interferometry, Upgrade, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], E02, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: KAGRA is a newly build gravitational-wave observatory, a laser interferometer with 3 km arm length, located in Kamioka, Gifu, Japan. In this paper in the series of KAGRA-featured articles, we discuss the science targets of KAGRA projects, considering not only the baseline KAGRA (current design) but also its future upgrade candidates (KAGRA+) for the near to middle term (~5 years)., 73 pages, 11 figures, accepted by Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, in the series of KAGRA-featured articles
Published: 2020

16. Overview of KAGRA: Detector design and construction history

Author: Yuta Michimura, Kyujin Kwak, Yoshiaki Himemoto, I. M. Pinto, Rajesh Kumar, K. Kusayanagi, G. Ge, R. Kozu, Soichiro Morisaki, Yuichiro Sekiguchi, Kai-Feng Chen, M. A. Barton, H. Chu, Shuji Saito, N. Kita, T. Tsang, S. Oshino, C. Z. Huang, T. Ushiba, Luca Baiotti, Simon Zeidler, Yousuke Itoh, F. Travasso, C. C. Kuo, D. Tuyenbayev, Hirotaka Takahashi, Nami Uchikata, Takashi Uchiyama, Kunihito Ioka, Kuo-Chuan Pan, M. Kamiizumi, A. Miyamoto, B. H. Hsieh, Toshio Suzuki, Hyun Lee, H. Yuzurihara, Ray-Kuang Lee, Hisa-aki Shinkai, Se-Hong Oh, J. Z. Wang, Y-K. Chu, K. Yokogawa, R. Negishi, Nobuyuki Kanda, T. Kawasaki, F. L. Lin, Shuen De Wu, Albert K. H. Kong, Yuhang Zhao, Yuki Inoue, S. Shibagaki, B. Ikenoue, Y. Tomigami, Hong Wu, Yutaro Enomoto, H. K. Tanaka, H-S. Kuo, Atsushi Nishizawa, Takahiro Tanaka, Eiichi Hirose, Kouji Nakamura, Hyang Woon Lee, Mitsuhiro Fukushima, Ping Huang, T. Sekiguchi, L. Trozzo, Norichika Sago, S. Sato, Kentaro Somiya, A. Hagiwara, Shinji Miyoki, Y. Sakuno, C-Y. Lin, Y. Miyazaki, K. Hasegawa, Yoshiyuki Obuchi, N. Hirata, Yi Chen, Koji Arai, Masaki Ando, S. Tanioka, K. Jung, M. Leonardi, R. Bajpai, Y. Hiranuma, Hideyuki Tagoshi, R. Sugimoto, Kipp Cannon, G. Ueshima, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Y. Saito, S. Takano, S. Bae, R. Shimizu, M. Marchio, T. Shishido, Zong-Hong Zhu, L. C.-C. Lin, M. Chan, Yoichi Aso, L. W. Luo, Haruki Kitazawa, J. Park, Jun'ichi Yokoyama, Y. Sakai, R. Nakashima, Satoshi Tsuchida, C. Chen, Takashi Sato, P. Jung, S. Eguchi, E. Capocasa, Yasufumi Kojima, Hiroyuki Nakano, T. Yoshioka, R. Flaminio, K. Sakai, T. Shimoda, E. J. Son, J. Kume, M. Fukunaga, K. Izumi, Hajime Sotani, Chunglee Kim, A. Shoda, K. Okutomi, Tomotada Akutsu, Sachiko Kuroyanagi, Akito Araya, T. Kajita, G. Kang, W. Ogaki, Masatake Ohashi, Z. Hong, Fumihiro Uraguchi, Kunihiro Nagano, O. Miyakawa, Kazuhiro Hayama, Tatsuhiro Yamada, Sadakazu Haino, C. Wu, M. H. P. M. van Putten, K. Ueno, S. Imam, Takayuki Tomaru, K. Miyo, K. Oohara, Naoko Ohishi, Y. M. Kim, Jinsook Kim, John J. Oh, Kentaro Komori, A. Ueda, Sakae Araki, Toshihiro Tsuzuki, T. Narikawa, E. N. Tapia San Martin, Kohei Inayoshi, M. Takeda, Keiko Kokeyama, Masashi Ohkawa, T. Yokozawa, N. Kawai, C. Kozakai, W-R. Xu, Yasunori Fujii, Y. Moriwaki, K. Shimode, C. P. Ooi, K. Yamamoto, Y. Huang, Y. Bae, Kyohei Kawaguchi, Shigeo Nagano, Kei Kotake, Wei-Tou Ni, Akiteru Takamori, H. Vocca, Norikatsu Mio, Yoshio Arai, T. Uehara, Naoki Aritomi, Ryutaro Takahashi, Guo-Chin Liu, T. Tomura, F. E. Peña Arellano, H. Pang, M. Nakano, T. Yamamoto, Hideaki Hayakawa, Kimio Tsubono, Hiroki Takeda, Souichi Telada, T. Sawada, W. S. Kim, Nobutada Kimura, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and KAGRA
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, activity report, detector: design, laser: interferometer, noise: thermal, KAGRA, gravitational radiation detector, background, cryogenics, history, mirror, fabrication, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Cryogenics, fabrication, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, KAGRA, laser: interferometer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, mirror, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), activity report, detector: design, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, background, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), gravitational radiation detector, Interferometry, cryogenics, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], history, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: KAGRA is a newly built gravitational-wave telescope, a laser interferometer comprising arms with a length of 3\,km, located in Kamioka, Gifu, Japan. KAGRA was constructed under the ground and it is operated using cryogenic mirrors that help in reducing the seismic and thermal noise. Both technologies are expected to provide directions for the future of gravitational-wave telescopes. In 2019, KAGRA finished all installations with the designed configuration, which we call the baseline KAGRA. In this occasion, we present an overview of the baseline KAGRA from various viewpoints in a series of of articles. In this article, we introduce the design configurations of KAGRA with its historical background., 33 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2020

17. Neutron star equation of state and tidal deformability with nuclear energy density functionals

Author: Hana Gil, Young-Min Kim, Chang Ho Hyun, Kyujin Kwak, and Chang-Hwan Lee
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Equation of state, Nuclear Theory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Binary number, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Nuclear matter, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Neutron star, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Neutron star is the ultimate testing place for the physics of dense nuclear matter. Before the detection of gravitational waves from the merger of binary neutron stars, various nuclear equations of state have been used to estimate the macroscopic properties of neutron stars, such as masses and radii, based on the electromagnetic observations. However, recent observations on the tidal deformability of neutron star from the gravitational waves GW170817 opened a new era of multi-messenger astronomy and astrophysics, and many theoretical works have been extended to estimate the tidal deformability of neutron stars. In this article, we review our recent works on the application of nuclear energy density functionals to the properties of neutron stars including tidal deformability. We found that many nuclear energy density functionals, including new KIDS (Korea: IBS-Daegu-Sungkyunkwan) model, satisfy both constraints from current electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations. We discuss future possibilities of constraining nuclear matter equation of state from ground-based experiments and multi-messenger observations., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2020

18. Possible production of neutron-rich No isotopes

Author: N. V. Antonenko, G. G. Adamian, Myeong-Hwan Mun, and Kyujin Kwak
Subjects: Physics, Isotopes of nobelium, Isotope, Isospin, Nuclear Theory, Production (computer science), Neutron, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Order of magnitude
Abstract: We investigate possible production of neutron-rich isotopes of nobelium. We calculate the production cross sections of $^{261--266}\mathrm{No}$ in the multinucleon transfer reactions of the same projectiles ($^{36}\mathrm{S},\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}^{40}\mathrm{Ar},\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$, and $^{50}\mathrm{Ti}$) and targets ($^{254}\mathrm{Es}$ and $^{248--251}\mathrm{Cf}$) that were used in the previous study for the possible production of neutron-rich isotopes of Md. We find that the production cross sections of neutron-rich No isotopes are about an order of magnitude smaller than those for neutron-rich Md isotopes. By combining the results for the production of neutron-rich No and Md isotopes, we suggest simple expressions which can trace the isotopic trends of the production cross sections of heavy neutron-rich isotopes. The logarithm of the production cross section is proportional to isospin of projectile or target and the $Q$ value.
Published: 2020

19. Spin assignments for $$^{23}\hbox {Mg}$$ levels and the astrophysical $$^{22}\hbox {Na}(p,\gamma )^{23}\hbox {Mg}$$ reaction

Author: D. W. Bardayan, Sunghoon Ahn, Kyujin Kwak, K. Y. Chae, M. S. Kwag, Michael Scott Smith, S. Strauss, Andrew Ratkiewicz, M. E. Howard, Jolie Cizewski, Patrick O'Malley, W. A. Peters, Steven D. Pain, B. Manning, Kelly Chipps, R. L. Kozub, M. Matos, and S. T. Pittman
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nucleosynthesis, 0103 physical sciences, Hadron, Analytical chemistry, 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), 01 natural sciences
Abstract: The $$^{22}\hbox {Na}(p,\gamma )^{23}\hbox {Mg}$$ reaction is responsible for destruction of the long-lived radionuclide $$^{22}\hbox {Na}$$ produced during nova explosions. Since the reaction proceeds through resonances from levels in $$^{23}\hbox {Mg}$$ above the proton threshold at 7.581 MeV, the properties of these levels such as excitation energies, spins, and parities are crucial ingredients to determine the $$^{22}\hbox {Na}(p,\gamma )^{23}\hbox {Mg}$$ reaction rate. Despite recent studies of these levels, their spins are not well constrained in many cases. We have measured the $$^{24}\mathrm{Mg}(p,d)^{23}\hbox {Mg}$$ transfer reaction to determine spectroscopic properties of these levels at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The spin of the $$E_{x}$$ = 7.788 MeV level in $$^{23}\hbox {Mg}$$ is constrained to be $$J^{\pi }$$ = (3/2$$^+$$, 5/2$$^+$$) through the present work. The astrophysical $$^{22}\hbox {Na}(p,\gamma )^{23}\hbox {Mg}$$ reaction rate at nova temperatures is updated accordingly. Nova nucleosynthesis model calculations using the newly updated $$^{22}\hbox {Na}(p,\gamma )^{23}\hbox {Mg}$$ reaction rate shows that the final weighted abundance of the radionuclide $$^{22}\hbox {Na}$$ is increased by 42% compared to that obtained by using the previous $$^{22}\hbox {Na}(p,\gamma )^{23}\hbox {Mg}$$ reaction rate of Sallaska et al. for a 1.35 $$M_{\odot }$$ ONeMg white dwarf.
Published: 2020

20. Radiative Cooling of the Thermally Isolated System in KAGRA Gravitational Wave Telescope

Author: A. Hagiwara, C-Y. Lin, Akito Araya, T. Kajita, M. A. Barton, R. Bajpai, Yoshiaki Himemoto, I. M. Pinto, G. Kang, M. H. P. M. van Putten, K. Miyo, K. Oohara, Tatsuhiro Yamada, Satoshi Tsuchida, Yoshiyuki Obuchi, T. Shimoda, P. Jung, M. Fukunaga, G-Z. Huang, Yuichiro Sekiguchi, B. H. Hsieh, Yuki Inoue, S. Shibagaki, Albert K. H. Kong, K. Chen, Yoshihiko Saito, H. C. Wu, Shigeo Nagano, Kei Kotake, Hisa-aki Shinkai, S. Wu, T. Shishido, R. Nakashima, T. Yoshioka, R. Flaminio, Hiroyuki Takeda, T. Narikawa, Keiko Kokeyama, S. Oshino, Takashi Uchiyama, John J. Oh, H. W. Lee, Soichiro Morisaki, G. Ge, S. Sato, Nobuyuki Kanda, N. Hirata, Y. Tomigami, A. Ueda, Yasufumi Kojima, Kunihito Ioka, Hajime Sotani, Chunglee Kim, Nobutada Kimura, H. K. Tanaka, Sakae Araki, Takahiro Tanaka, Yi Chen, Eiichi Hirose, Kouji Nakamura, F. Travasso, Hirotaka Takahashi, Kipp Cannon, T. Kawasaki, Osamu Miyakawa, D. Tuyenbayev, Fumihiro Uraguchi, Shinji Miyoki, Y. Sakuno, L. W. Luo, F-L. Lin, Wei-Tou Ni, H. Vocca, Masatake Ohashi, Toshio Suzuki, Jong-Dae Park, Takashi Sato, H. Pang, Mitsuhiro Fukushima, Koki Okutomi, K. Yamamoto, Ray-Kuang Lee, Sadakazu Haino, M. Nakano, F. E. Peiia Arellano, Kimio Tsubono, Hyun Lee, S. Imam, Naoko Ohishi, Yuka Fujii, Jinsook Kim, Sachiko Kuroyanagi, Y. Bae, G. Ueshima, Toshihiro Tsuzuki, Y. K. Chu, T. Tomura, Kohei Inayoshi, M. Marchio, S. Tanioka, Kyohei Kawaguchi, Souichi Telada, T. Sawada, T. Yokozawa, J. Z. Wang, K. Yokogawa, Yuta Michimura, B. Ikenoue, T. Sekiguchi, H. Yuzurihara, K. Hasegawa, Jun'ichi Yokoyama, E. N. Tapia San Martin, M. Leonardi, K. Jung, C. M. Kuo, W. S. Kim, Tomotada Akutsu, H-S. Kuo, N. Kawai, Zong-Hong Zhu, R. Sugimoto, Rajesh Kumar, Haruki Kitazawa, R. Kozu, Shuji Saito, K. Izumi, T. Yamamoto, K. Kusayanagi, Y. M. Kim, E. Capocasa, Kyujin Kwak, Seog Oh, Hideaki Hayakawa, Koji Arai, H. Chu, Y. Miyazaki, L. Trozzo, Norichika Sago, Atsushi Nishizawa, Koh Ueno, Y. Moriwaki, Guo-Chin Liu, S. Bae, C. M. Wu, Y. Hiranuma, W-R. Xu, C. P. Ooi, Kazuhiro Hayama, Y. Sakai, K. Sakai, R. Shimizu, L. C.-C. Lin, M. Chan, Kentaro Somiya, Edwin J. Son, Yoshio Arai, Masaki Ando, C. Chen, Naoki Aritomi, Ryutaro Takahashi, Akiteru Takamori, Chihiro Kozakai, Takayuki Tomaru, M. Takeda, K. Shimode, Yuhang Zhao, Hiroyuki Nakano, Yutaro Enomoto, W. Ogaki, Z. Hong, Masashi Ohkawa, Y. Aso, P. W. Huang, Y. Huang, Kazuyuki Tanaka, S. Takano, J. Kume, Norikatsu Mio, T. Uehara, Kentaro Komori, Hideyuki Tagoshi, N. Kita, T. Tsang, N. Uchikata, Kuo-Chuan Pan, R. Negishi, S. Eguchi, A. Shoda, T. Ushiba, Simon Zeidler, Luca Baiotti, Yousuke Itoh, Koji Nagano, M. Kamiizumi, A. Miyamoto, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and KAGRA
Subjects: History, Radiative cooling, Thermally isolated system, detector: noise, cavity: optical, 01 natural sciences, Education, law.invention, Telescope, fluctuation: thermal, law, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, KAGRA, laser: interferometer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, mirror, Physics, radiation: thermal, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation, Astronomy, gravitational radiation detector, Computer Science Applications, injection, cryogenics, specific heat
Abstract: Radiative cooling of the thermally isolated system is investigated in KAGRA gravitational wave telescope. KAGRA is a laser interferometer-based detector and main mirrors constituting optical cavities are cool down to 20K to reduce noises caused by the thermal fluctuation. The mirror is suspended with the multi-stage pendulum to isolate any vibration. Therefore, this mirror suspension system has few heat links to reduce vibration injection. Thus, this system is mainly cooled down with thermal radiation. In order to understand the process of radiative cooling of the mirror, we analyzed cooling curve based on mass and specific heat. As a result, it was newly found that a cryogenic part called ”cryogenic duct-shield” seems to have large contribution in the beginning of the mirror cooling. This finding will help to design new cooling system for the next generation cryogenic gravitational wave detector.
Published: 2020

21. Study of α-cluster Structure in 22Mg Using a Radioactive Ion Beam

Author: L. Yang, Jun Young Moon, S. H. Bae, Dong Ha Kim, K. Y. Chae, Byung-Sik Hong, Moon-Hyun Kim, Z. Ge, S. H. Choi, Naohito Iwasa, Aram Kim, Kyujin Kwak, D. Kahl, H. Yamaguchi, B. Moon, S. Y. Park, S. M. Cha, K. I. Hahn, S. Hayakawa, Dam Nguyen Binh, Eunji Lee, G. W. Kim, M. S. Kwag, L. H. Khiem, Nguyen Ngoc Duy, S. I. Lim, V. H. Phong, Eunja Kim, H. Shimizu, and K. Abe
Subjects: Materials science, Ion beam, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear structure, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic nucleus, Neutron, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon
Abstract: The α-clusterization of an atomic nucleus has been studied for a long time, even from the earliest days of nuclear physics. Our understanding of the α-cluster structure is, however, mainly limited to the self-conjugate A = 4n (n = 2, 3, 4, · · · ) light nuclei and some of the neutron-rich radionuclides such as 10Be, 11B, and 14C. In order to study the α-cluster structure of a neutron-deficient 22Mg nucleus, we have measured the 18Ne(α, α)18Ne scattering in inverse kinematics by using radioactive 18Ne beams and the 4He gas target at the Center for Nuclear Study radioactive ion beam separator of the University of Tokyo. Recoiling α particles from the scattering were detected by using silicon strip detectors, which constitute ΔE-E telescopes for particle identification. By adopting a thick target method, we were able to investigate a wide range of excitation energies Ex = 9.9 - 16.5 MeV in 22Mg in this work.
Published: 2018

22. Gravitational Waves and Tidal Deformability of Neutron Stars

Author: Chang Ho Hyun, Young-Min Kim, Chang-Hwan Lee, Kyujin Kwak, and Yeunhwan Lim
Subjects: Physics, Neutron star, Equation of state, Gravitational wave, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics
Published: 2018

23. Beam production of 18Ne with in-flight method for alpha scattering at CRIB

Author: K. Abe, Nguyen Ngoc Duy, H. Yamaguchi, S. Bae, Byung-Sik Hong, H. M. Shimizu, S. I. Lim, Jun Young Moon, M. S. Kwag, Dam Nguyen Binh, Naohito Iwasa, S. Hayakawa, L. H. Khiem, D. Kahl, L. Yang, Moon-Hyun Kim, Z. Ge, K. I. Hahn, V. H. Phong, Dong Ha Kim, S. H. Choi, K. Y. Chae, Aram Kim, G. W. Kim, T. V. Nhan Hao, Kyujin Kwak, B. Moon, S. Y. Park, S. M. Cha, Eunja Kim, and Eunji Lee
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Ion beam, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, 0103 physical sciences, Separator (oil production), Alpha (navigation), 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract: We conducted a measurement of 18Ne + α scattering in inverse kinematics , in order to search for experimental evidence of α -cluster structure in 22Mg above the alpha threshold ( E thr = 8 . 14 MeV ) and determine the astrophysical rates of the 18Ne( α , p)21Na reaction under the conditions of break-out from the Hot-CNO cycle. A high intensity 18 Ne beam at 2.54 AMeV was successfully produced at CRIB (CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator) of the Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo. This paper presents the in-flight production of the radioactive 18Ne beam by using the production reaction 3He(16O, 18Ne)n with a windowed cryogenic gas target, which was employed in the mentioned resonant α -scattering experiment.
Published: 2018

24. Big Bang nucleosynthesis in a weakly non-ideal plasma

Author: Myung-Ki Cheoun, Kyujin Kwak, Youngshin Kwon, and Dukjae Jang
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Photon, Ideal (set theory), media_common.quotation_subject, Tsallis statistics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Plasma, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Universe, Physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, Planck's law, Physics::Plasma Physics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: We propose a correction of the standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) scenario to resolve the primordial lithium problem by considering a possibility that the primordial plasma can deviate from the ideal state. In the standard BBN, the primordial plasma is assumed to be ideal, with particles and photons satisfying the Maxwell-Boltzmann and Planck distribution, respectively. We suggest that this assumption of the primordial plasma being ideal might oversimplify the early Universe and cause the lithium problem. We find that deviation of photon distribution from the Planck distribution, which is parameterised with the help of Tsallis statistics, can resolve the primordial lithium problem when the particle distributions of the primordial plasma still follow the MaxwellBoltzmann distribution. We discuss how the primordial plasma can be weakly non-ideal in this specific fashion and its effects on the cosmic evolution., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, version to appear in A&A
Published: 2021

25. Study of the Energy Levels in the $^{23}$Mg Radionuclide by Using Proton Beams and a $^{24}$Mg Target

Author: K. Y. Chae, Min Sik Kwag, Eunji Lee, and Kyujin Kwak
Subjects: Radionuclide, Proton, Chemistry, Radiochemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear chemistry
Published: 2016

26. Effects of Rare Isotope Reaction Rates on the Light Curve of an X-ray Burst

Author: Kyujin Kwak, K. Y. Chae, Aram Kim, and Byeongchan Park
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Reaction rate, Isotope, Nuclear astrophysics, X-ray, General Physics and Astronomy, Alpha (ethology), Astrophysics, Light curve
Published: 2016

27. Estimating the Fuel Supply Rate on the Galactic Disk from High Velocity Clouds (HVCs) Infall

Author: Kyujin Kwak and Kwang Hyun Sung
Subjects: Physics, High-velocity cloud, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Fuel supply, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Disc, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Previous studies suggest that the estimated maximum accretion rate from approaching high velocity clouds (HVCs) on the Galactic disk can be up to ~ 0.4 solar mass per year. In this study, we point out that the hydrodynamic interaction between the HVCs and the Galactic disk is not considered in the traditional method of estimating the infall rate and therefore the true supply rate of fuel from HVCs can be different from the suggested value depending on the physical configurations of HVCs including density, velocity, and distance. We choose 11 HVC complexes and construct 4 different infall models in our simulations to give an idea of how the fuel supply rate could be different from the traditional infall rate. Our simulation results show that the fuel supply rate from HVC infall is overestimated in the traditional method and can be lowered by a factor of ~ 0.072 when the hydrodynamic interaction of the HVC complexes and the disk is considered., 8 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2019

28. Possible production of neutron-rich Md isotopes in multinucleon transfer reactions with Cf and Es targets

Author: N. V. Antonenko, Myeong-Hwan Mun, G. G. Adamian, and Kyujin Kwak
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Nuclear reaction, Physics, Isotope, Nuclear Theory, Evaporation, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The possibilities for production of yet unknown neutron-rich isotopes $^{261--265}\mathrm{Md}$ are explored in the multinucleon transfer reactions with stable beams bombarding on Cf and Es targets. The production of a given isotope of neutron-rich Md is optimized by appropriate choices of projectile-target combinations and bombarding energies. The production cross sections of neutron-rich Md isotopes in the $0n$ and $1n$ evaporation channels of multinucleon transfer reactions are compared. The prospects for the use of radioactive beams in the production of new Md isotopes are discussed.
Published: 2019

29. Neutron star equations of state and their applications

Author: Young-Min Kim, Chang-Hwan Lee, Kyujin Kwak, Yeunhwan Lim, M. Kim, and Chang Ho Hyun
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Neutron star, Gravitational wave, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear matter, Electromagnetic radiation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: This paper reviews the properties of neutron stars based on the recent multi-messenger observations including electromagnetic waves from the low-mass X-ray binaries and gravitational waves from the merger of neutron star binaries. Based on these observations, we investigate theoretical models for dense nuclear matter and discuss their implications to the neutron star observations such as mass, radius, cooling, and tidal deformability. We also discuss the uncertainties in the neutron star cooling, neutron star properties with Bayesian approaches, and an expansion scheme applied to the nuclear energy density functional theory.
Published: 2020

30. Constraining the mass and radius of neutron star by future observations

Author: Chang-Hwan Lee, M. Kim, Kyujin Kwak, and Young-Min Kim
Subjects: Physics, Neutron star, Radius, Astrophysics
Published: 2018

31. Production of light elements and 98Tc through the ν-process with the neutrino oscillation in supernova explosion

Author: Motohiko Kusakabe, Kyungsik Kim, Kyujin Kwak, Heamin Ko, and Myung-Ki Cheoun
Subjects: Physics, Stars, Supernova, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Flux, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclide, Astrophysics, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Stars ending with core collapse supernovae (SNe) emit a tremendous number of neutrinos during their explosions. While these neutrinos pass through each layer of the stars, they react with the nuclides in the progenitor. Although the neutrino cross sections are very small, its huge flux is high enough to react with nuclides to change their abundances. We consider this ν-process, by which abundances of some elements may be explained exclusively by this neutrino process. One of the candidates is 98Tc. In this study, we check the ν-process contributions due to the neutrino reactions. In this calculation we also include the neutrino oscillation effect in the matter with varying density, so called MSW effect, not only for 98Tc production but also 4He and 12C destruction, which occurs at first in the He/C layer in the present model.Stars ending with core collapse supernovae (SNe) emit a tremendous number of neutrinos during their explosions. While these neutrinos pass through each layer of the stars, they react with the nuclides in the progenitor. Although the neutrino cross sections are very small, its huge flux is high enough to react with nuclides to change their abundances. We consider this ν-process, by which abundances of some elements may be explained exclusively by this neutrino process. One of the candidates is 98Tc. In this study, we check the ν-process contributions due to the neutrino reactions. In this calculation we also include the neutrino oscillation effect in the matter with varying density, so called MSW effect, not only for 98Tc production but also 4He and 12C destruction, which occurs at first in the He/C layer in the present model.
Published: 2018

32. Simulating X-ray bursts with a radiation hydrodynamics code

Author: Kyujin Kwak and Gwangeon Seong
Subjects: Physics, symbols.namesake, Supernova, Open source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Radiation hydrodynamics, X-ray, symbols, Code (cryptography), Radius, Astrophysics, Radiation, Lagrangian
Abstract: Previous simulations of X-ray bursts (XRBs), for example, those performed by MESA (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) could not address the dynamical effects of strong radiation, which are important to explain the photospheric radius expansion (PRE) phenomena seen in many XRBs. In order to study the effects of strong radiation, we propose to use SNEC (the SuperNova Explosion Code), a 1D Lagrangian open source code that is designed to solve hydrodynamics and equilibrium-diffusion radiation transport together. Because SNEC is able to control modules of radiation-hydrodynamics for properly mapped inputs, radiation-dominant pressure occurring in PRE XRBs can be handled. Here we present simulation models for PRE XRBs by applying SNEC together with MESA.
Published: 2018

33. Linear proportional relationship between N(OH) and N(CH) in the diffuse interstellar medium

Author: Seung Yeong Hong and Kyujin Kwak
Subjects: Interstellar medium, Physics, Stars, Molecular cloud, SIMBAD, Celestial sphere, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: It has been known that there is a linearly proportional relationship between the column densities of CH and OH measured toward bright UV-emitting stars, although there are four outliers in this relationship among the total 24 measured targets. By using the Simbad database, we investigate reasonable configurations of diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) which could explain the observed relationship. We first identify the locations of 24 targets on the celestial sphere getting the distances to them and then count the number of molecular clouds, nebulae, and peculiar stars toward the targets which could contribute to the production of OH and CH. We present the results of our search by testing three hypothetical configurations of diffuse ISM which may explain the observed relationship.
Published: 2018

34. Pre-supernova models for massive stars produced with large nuclear reaction network by MESA

Author: Kyujin Kwak and Byeongchan Park
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear reaction, Neutron star, Supernova, Stars, Isotope, Metallicity, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Stellar evolution, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Main sequence
Abstract: Core-collapsed Supernova (CCSN) is one of violent phenomena in the universe. CCSN generates heavy elements and leaves a neutron star behind. It has been known that the physical properties of CCSN depend on those of pre-supernova such as mass, metallicities including distribution of elements, and the density and temperature profile which are obtained from the stellar evolution calculation. In particular, the production of heavy elements in CCSN is sensitive to the abundance profiles in the pre-supernova models. In this study, we evolve a massive main sequence star with 15Msun and solar metallicity to the pre-supernova stage by using two different networks, small and large. The large nuclear reaction network includes more than four times isotopes than the small network. Our calculations were done by MESA (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) which allowed us to use the large network containing about a hundred isotopes. We compare the results obtained with two networks.
Published: 2018

35. Tidal Deformability of Neutron Stars with Realistic Nuclear Energy Density Functionals

Author: Yeunhwan Lim, Chang-Hwan Lee, Kyujin Kwak, Young-Min Kim, and Chang Ho Hyun
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear Theory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Radius, Lambda, Nuclear matter, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Neutron star, 0103 physical sciences, Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation, Saturation (graph theory), Love number, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract: We investigate the constraints on the mass and radius of neutron stars by considering the tidal deformability in the merge of neutron star binaries. In order to extract the most reliable range of uncertainty from theory, we employ models based upon the Skyrme force and density functional theory and select models that are consistent with empirical data of finite nuclei, measured properties of nuclear matter around the saturation density, and observation of the maximum mass of neutron stars. From the selected models, we calculate the Love number $k_2$, dimensionless tidal deformability $\Lambda$, and mass-weighted deformability $\tilde{\Lambda}$ in the binary system. We find that all the models considered in this work give $\tilde{\Lambda}$ less than 800 which is the upper limit obtained from the measurement of GW170817. However, the model dependence of tidal deformability is manifest such that our results on the tidal deformability exhibit critical sensitivity to the size of neutron stars.
Published: 2018
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36. Spectroscopic study of the radionuclide Na21 for the astrophysical F17(α,p)Ne20 reaction rate

Author: B. Manning, M. E. Howard, R. L. Kozub, S. M. Cha, Steven D. Pain, S. T. Pittman, W. A. Peters, Kelly Chipps, J. A. Cizewski, M. Matos, Michael Scott Smith, Kyujin Kwak, D. W. Bardayan, Sunghoon Ahn, K. Y. Chae, Patrick O'Malley, Andrew Ratkiewicz, and S. Strauss
Subjects: Physics, Ion beam, Spins, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Resonance, 01 natural sciences, Reaction rate, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Born approximation, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha})^{21}\mathrm{Na}$ reaction was measured at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to study the spectroscopy of the radionuclide $^{21}\mathrm{Na}$. A 31-MeV proton beam from the 25 MV tandem accelerator bombarded isotopically enriched $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ targets. Recoiling $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ particles were identified by an annular silicon strip detector array. Two energy levels at ${E}_{x}=6.594$ and 7.132 MeV were observed for the first time. By comparing the experimentally obtained angular distributions and distorted wave Born approximation calculations, the spins and parities of $^{21}\mathrm{Na}$ energy levels were constrained. The astrophysically-important $^{17}\mathrm{F}(\ensuremath{\alpha},p)^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ reaction rate was also calculated for the first time using resonance parameters for 12 energy levels.
Published: 2017

37. Mass and Radius of Neutron Stars Constrained by Photospheric Radius Expansion X-ray Bursts

Author: Kyujin Kwak, Young-Min Kim, M. Kim, and Chang-Hwan Lee
Subjects: Physics, Neutron star, X-ray, Solar radius, Astrophysics, Radius
Published: 2017

38. Generating Automatic Network Reduction Module for Chemical Hydrodynamics Simulations

Author: Kyujin Kwak and Jeongkwan Yoon
Subjects: History, Computer science, Network reduction, Computer Science Applications, Education, Computational science
Published: 2018

39. Contribution of supernovae-driven galactic fountain on fuel rate

Author: Kyujin Kwak and Kwang Hyun Sung
Subjects: Physics, History, Supernova, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomy, Fountain, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education
Published: 2018

40. Role of strangeness to the neutron star mass and cooling

Author: Chang-Hwan Lee, Chang Ho Hyun, Kyujin Kwak, and Yeunhwan Lim
Subjects: Physics, Strange quark, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, QC1-999, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Hyperon, High density, Strangeness, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Neutron star, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Dense matter
Abstract: Neutron star provides unique environments for the investigation of the physics of extreme dense matter beyond normal nuclear saturation density. In such high density environments, hadrons with strange quarks are expected to play very important role in stabilizing the system. Kaons and hyperons are the lowest mass states with strangeness among meson and bayron families, respectively. In this work, we investigate the role of kaons and hyperons to the neutron star mass, and discuss their role in the neutron star cooling.
Published: 2018

41. Si iv Column Densities Predicted from Non-Equilibrium Ionization Simulations of Turbulent Mixing Layers and High-Velocity Clouds

Author: Kyujin Kwak, David B. Henley, and Robin L. Shelton
Subjects: Physics, Milky Way, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Photoionization, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Ion, Physics::Geophysics, Galactic halo, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Ionization, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Perpendicular, Halo, Atomic physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We present predictions of the Si iv ions in turbulent mixing layers (TMLs) between hot and cool gas and in cool high-velocity clouds (HVCs) that travel through a hot halo, complementing the C iv, N v, and O vi predictions in Kwak & Shelton, Kwak et al., and Henley et al. We find that the Si iv ions are most abundant in regions where the hot and cool gases first begin to mix or where the mixed gas has cooled significantly. The predicted column densities of high velocity Si iv and the predicted ratios of Si iv to C iv and O vi found on individual sightlines in our HVC simulations are in good agreement with observations of high velocity gas. Low velocity Si iv is also seen in the simulations, as a result of decelerated gas in the case of the HVC simulations and when looking along directions that pass perpendicular to the direction of motion in the TML simulations. The ratios of low velocity Si iv to C iv and O vi in the TML simulations are in good agreement with those recorded for Milky Way halo gas, while the ratio of Si iv to O vi from the decelerated gas in the HVC simulations is lower than that observed at normal velocity in the Milky Way halo. We attribute the shortfall of normal velocity Si iv to not having modeled the effects of photoionization and, following Henley et al., consider a composite model that includes decelerated HVC gas, supernova remnants, galactic fountain gas, and the effect of photoionization., 40 pages, 12 figures, and 6 tables
Published: 2015
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42. Linear Proportional Relationship between N(OH) and N(CH) in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium.

Author: SeungYeong Hong and Kyujin Kwak
Subjects: *INTERSTELLAR medium, *HYDROXIDES, *CARBON-hydrogen bonds, *INTERSTELLAR hydrogen, *INTERSTELLAR molecules, *ULTRAVIOLET stars, *ULTRAVIOLET radiation
Abstract: It has been known that there is a linearly proportional relationship between the column densities of CH and OH measured toward bright UV-emitting stars, although there are four outliers in this relationship among the total 24 measured targets. By using the Simbad database, we investigate reasonable configurations of diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) which could explain the observed relationship. We first identify the locations of 24 targets on the celestial sphere getting the distances to them and then count the number of molecular clouds, nebulae, and peculiar stars toward the targets which could contribute to the production of OH and CH. We present the results of our search by testing three hypothetical configurations of diffuse ISM which may explain the observed relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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43. Simulating X-ray Bursts with a Radiation Hydrodynamics Code.

Author: Gwangeon Seong and Kyujin Kwak
Subjects: *X-ray bursts, *HYDRODYNAMICS, *STELLAR photospheres, *SUPERNOVAE, *STELLAR radiation
Abstract: Previous simulations of X-ray bursts (XRBs), for example, those performed by MESA (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) could not address the dynamical effects of strong radiation, which are important to explain the photospheric radius expansion (PRE) phenomena seen in many XRBs. In order to study the effects of strong radiation, we propose to use SNEC (the SuperNova Explosion Code), a 1D Lagrangian open source code that is designed to solve hydrodynamics and equilibrium-diffusion radiation transport together. Because SNEC is able to control modules of radiation-hydrodynamics for properly mapped inputs, radiation-dominant pressure occurring in PRE XRBs can be handled. Here we present simulation models for PRE XRBs by applying SNEC together with MESA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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44. Pre-supernova Models for Massive Stars Produced with Large Nuclear Reaction Network by MESA.

Author: Byeongchan Park and Kyujin Kwak
Subjects: *SUPERNOVAE, *COSMIC abundances, *SUPERGIANT stars, *NUCLEAR reactions, *NEUTRON stars, *HEAVY elements
Abstract: Core-collapsed Supernova (CCSN) is one of violent phenomena in the universe. CCSN generates heavy elements and leaves a neutron star behind. It has been known that the physical properties of CCSN depend on those of pre-supernova such as mass, metallicities including distribution of elements, and the density and temperature profile which are obtained from the stellar evolution calculation. In particular, the production of heavy elements in CCSN is sensitive to the abundance profiles in the pre-supernova models. In this study, we evolve a massive main sequence star with 15Msun and solar metallicity to the pre-supernova stage by using two different networks, small and large. The large nuclear reaction network includes more than four times isotopes than the small network. Our calculations were done by MESA (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) which allowed us to use the large network containing about a hundred isotopes. We compare the results obtained with two networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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45. Constraining the Mass and Radius of Neutron Star by Future Observations.

Author: Kyujin Kwak, Chang-Hwan Lee, Myungkuk Kim, and Young-Min Kim
Subjects: *NEUTRON stars, *X-ray binaries, *X-ray bursts, *STELLAR radiation, *STELLAR photospheres
Abstract: The mass and radius of neutron star (NS) in the low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) can be measured simultaneously from the evolving spectra of the photospheric radius expansion (PRE) X-ray bursts (XRBs). Precise measurements require the distance to the target, information on the radiating surface, and the composition of accreted material. Future observations with large groundbased telescopes such as Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) and Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) may reduce the uncertainties in the estimation of the mass and radius of NS because they could provide information on the composition of accreted material by identifying the companion stars in LMXBs. We investigate these possibilities and present our results for selected targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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46. Production of light elements and 98Tc through the v-process with the neutrino oscillation in Supernova Explosion.

Author: Heamin Ko, Motohiko Kusakabe, Myung-Ki Cheoun, Kyujin Kwak, and Kyungsik Kim
Subjects: TECHNETIUM isotopes, NEUTRINO oscillation, SUPERNOVAE, LIGHT elements, NUCLEAR reactions, NUCLIDES, COSMIC abundances
Abstract: Stars ending with core collapse supernovae (SNe) emit a tremendous number of neutrinos during their explosions. While these neutrinos pass through each layer of the stars, they react with the nuclides in the progenitor. Although the neutrino cross sections are very small, its huge flux is high enough to react with nuclides to change their abundances. We consider this v-process, by which abundances of some elements may be explained exclusively by this neutrino process. One of the candidates is 98Tc. In this study, we check the v-process contributions due to the neutrino reactions. In this calculation we also include the neutrino oscillation effect in the matter with varying density, so called MSW effect, not only for 98Tc production but also 4He and 12C destruction, which occurs at first in the He/C layer in the present model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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47. Hyperon Puzzle of Neutron Stars with Skyrme Force Models

Author: Chang Ho Hyun, Yeunhwan Lim, Chang-Hwan Lee, and Kyujin Kwak
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Equation of state, Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hyperon, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Lambda, Hypernucleus, Nuclear matter, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Neutron star, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation, Density functional theory, Nuclear Experiment, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: We consider the so called hyperon puzzle of neutron star (NS). We employ Skyrme force models for the description of in-medium nucleon-nucleon, nucleon-Lambda hyperon ($N\Lambda$), and Lambda-Lambda ($\Lambda\Lambda$) interactions. A phenomenological finite-range force for the $\Lambda\Lambda$ interaction is considered as well. Equation of state (EoS) of NS matter is obtained in the framework of density functional theory, and Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations are solved to obtain the mass-radius relations of NSs. It has been generally known that the existence of hyperons in the NS matter is not well supported by the recent discovery of large-mass NSs ($M \simeq 2 M_\odot$) since hyperons make the EoS softer than the one without them. For the selected interaction models, $N\Lambda$ interactions reduce the maximum mass of NS by about 30~\%, while $\Lambda\Lambda$ interactions can give about 10~\% enhancement. Consequently, we find that some Skyrme force models predict the maximum mass of NS consistent with the observation of $2 M_\odot$ NSs, and at the same time satisfy observationally constrained mass-radius relations., Comment: 24 pages, published in International Journal of Modern Physics E
Published: 2014

48. Mixing between High Velocity Clouds and the Galactic Halo

Author: Robin L. Shelton, Kyujin Kwak, and Jeffrey A. Gritton
Subjects: Physics, Metallicity, High velocity, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Galactic halo, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Ionization, Low density, Halo, Mixing (physics), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: In the Galactic halo, metal-bearing Galactic halo material mixes into high velocity clouds (HVCs) as they hydrodynamically interact. This interaction begins long before the clouds completely dissipate and long before they slow to the velocity of the Galactic material. In order to make quantitative estimates of the mixing efficiency and resulting metal enrichment of HVCs, we made detailed two- and three-dimensional simulations of cloud-interstellar medium interactions. Our simulations track the hydrodynamics and time-dependent ionization levels. They assume that the cloud originally has a warm temperature and extremely low metallicity while the surrounding medium has a high temperature, low density, and substantial metallicity, but our simulations can be generalized to other choices of initial metallicities. In our simulations, mixing between cloud and halo gas noticeably raises the metallicity of the high velocity material. We present plots of the mixing efficiency and metal enrichment as a function of time.
Published: 2014

49. The Origin of the X-ray Emission from the High-velocity Cloud MS30.7-81.4-118

Author: Kyujin Kwak, Robin L. Shelton, and David B. Henley
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Magnetic reconnection, Astrophysics, Plasma, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Magnetic field, Luminosity, Ion, High-velocity cloud, Space and Planetary Science, Magellanic Stream, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Magnetohydrodynamics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: A soft X-ray enhancement has recently been reported toward the high-velocity cloud MS30.7-81.4-118 (MS30.7), a constituent of the Magellanic Stream. In order to investigate the origin of this enhancement, we have analyzed two overlapping XMM-Newton observations of this cloud. We find that the X-ray enhancement is $\sim$6' or $\sim$100 pc across, and is concentrated to the north and west of the densest part of the cloud. We modeled the X-ray enhancement with a variety of spectral models. A single-temperature equilibrium plasma model yields a temperature of $(3.69^{+0.47}_{-0.44}) \times 10^6$ K and a 0.4-2.0 keV luminosity of $7.9 \times 10^{33}$ erg s$^{-1}$. However, this model underpredicts the on-enhancement emission around 1 keV, which may indicate the additional presence of hotter plasma ($T \gtrsim 10^7$ K), or that recombination emission is important. We examined several different physical models for the origin of the X-ray enhancement. We find that turbulent mixing of cold cloud material with hot ambient material, compression or shock heating of a hot ambient medium, and charge exchange reactions between cloud atoms and ions in a hot ambient medium all lead to emission that is too faint. In addition, shock heating in a cool or warm medium leads to emission that is too soft (for reasonable cloud speeds). We find that magnetic reconnection could plausibly power the observed X-ray emission, but resistive magnetohydrodynamical simulations are needed to test this hypothesis. If magnetic reconnection is responsible for the X-ray enhancement, the observed spectral properties could potentially constrain the magnetic field in the vicinity of the Magellanic Stream., Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2014
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50. Kaon Condensation in Neutron Stars with Skyrme-Hartree-Fock Models

Author: Yeunhwan Lim, Chang-Hwan Lee, Kyujin Kwak, and Chang Ho Hyun
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Equation of state, Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Condensation, Hartree–Fock method, FOS: Physical sciences, Model parameters, Nuclear equation of state, Radius, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Neutron star, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Nuclear force, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We investigate nuclear matter equations of state in neutron star with kaon condensation. It is generally known that the existence of kaons in neutron star makes the equation of state soft so that the maximum mass of neutron star is not likely to be greater than 2.0 $M_{\odot}$, the maximum mass constrained by current observations. With existing Skyrme force model parameters, we calculate nuclear equations of state and check the possibility of kaon condensation in the core of neutron stars. The results show that even with the kaon condensation, the nuclear equation of state satisfies both the maximum mass and the allowed ranges of mass and radius., Comment: to be published in Physical Review C
Published: 2013
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