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Abstract Climate change is currently one of humanity’s greatest threats. To help scholars understand the psychology of climate change, we conducted an online quasi-experimental survey on 59,508 participants from 63 countries (collected between July 2022 and July 2023). In a between-subjects design, we tested 11 interventions designed to promote climate change mitigation across four outcomes: climate change belief, support for climate policies, willingness to share information on social media, and performance on an effortful pro-environmental behavioural task. Participants also reported their demographic information (e.g., age, gender) and several other independent variables (e.g., political orientation, perceptions about the scientific consensus). In the no-intervention control group, we also measured important additional variables, such as environmentalist identity and trust in climate science. We report the collaboration procedure, study design, raw and cleaned data, all survey materials, relevant analysis scripts, and data visualisations. This dataset can be used to further the understanding of psychological, demographic, and national-level factors related to individual-level climate action and how these differ across countries.

Abstract Despite the global presence of social media platforms, the reasons why people like and share content are still poorly understood. We investigate how group identity mentions and expressions of ingroup solidarity and outgroup hostility in posts correlate with engagement on Ukrainian social media (i.e., shares, likes, and other reactions) before and after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. We use a dataset of 1.6 million posts from Ukrainian news source pages on Facebook and Twitter (currently X) and a geolocated sample of 149 thousand Ukrainian tweets. Before the 2022 Russian invasion, we observe that outgroup mentions in posts from news source pages are generally more strongly associated with engagement than negative, positive, and moral-emotional language. After the invasion, social identity mentions become less strongly associated with engagement. Moreover, post-invasion ingroup solidarity posts are strongly related to engagement, whereas posts expressing outgroup hostility show smaller associations. This is the case for both news and non-news social media data. Our correlational results suggest that signaling solidarity with one’s ingroup online is associated with more engagement than negativity about outgroups during intense periods of intergroup conflicts, at least in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war.

In order to determine quality of life of people with disabilities according to age, gender and functional limitations using questionnaire SF-36 study was conducted. The study was conducted by examining questionnaire data and performed using the comparison of the data in the standard forms of primary documentation. It was revealed that in disabled caused by diseases of the nervous system a significant decrease of quality of life by the most scales of SF-36 questionnaire, was noted it is reliable, valid, and a highly convenient method of assessing physical and mental health of persons with disabilities and allows to control various components of life activity and has prognostic significance with respect to the effectiveness of rehabilitation, reintegration and resocialization.

Over the past 10 years the total number of patients with diseases of the nervous system in Europe makes up 127,200,000 people, that is almost 25,8 % of the population have neurological pathology. Currently in Ukraine 1 654 875 patients with different neurological disorders are registered, in 78 % of cases disability develops which substantially worsens quality of life. By the assessment of WHO in 2012, more than 1 billion people are disabiled (15 % of the world population), of them – 2,8 million people are in Ukraine. Nervous diseases and their consequences will occupy the leading cause of disability among able-bodied population before 2020. The socio-economic aspect of the problem lies in the fact that by indices of person-years of life (index DALY) WHO evaluates disability as the global burden of diseases for the society, and most of the authors consider prevention of disability as the most economically expedient medical intervention. On this basis state Program «Health 2020: Ukrainian dimension» was approved considering new statutes of the new European politics, international experience on prevention of diseases and disability.

Objective To describe the demographics and clinical outcomes of infants with brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE).Design A retrospective cohort study.Setting 11 centres within the Canadian Paediatric Inpatient Research Network.Patients Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) following a BRUE (2017–2021) were eligible, when no clinical cause identified after a thorough history and physical examination.Main outcome measures Serious underlying diagnosis (requiring prompt identification) and event recurrence (within 90 days).Results Of 1042 eligible patients, 665 were hospitalised (63.8%), with a median stay of 1.73 days. Diagnostic tests were performed on 855 patients (82.1%), and 440 (42.2%) received specialist consultations. In total, 977 patients (93.8%) were categorised as higher risk BRUE per the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Most patients (n=551, 52.9%) lacked an explanatory diagnosis; however, serious underlying diagnoses were identified in 7.6% (n=79). Epilepsy/infantile spasms were the most common serious underlying diagnoses (2.0%, n=21). Gastro-oesophageal reflux was the most common non-serious underlying diagnosis identified in 268 otherwise healthy and thriving infants (25.7%). No instances of invasive bacterial infections, arrhythmias or metabolic disorders were found. Recurrent events were observed in 113 patients (10.8%) during the index visit, and 65 patients had a return to ED visit related to a recurrent event (6.2%). One death occurred within 90 days.Conclusions There is a low risk for a serious underlying diagnosis, where the majority of patients remain without a clear explanation. This study provides evidence-based risk for adverse outcomes, critical information to be used when engaging in shared decision-making with caregivers.

У статті досліджено питання залучення іно­земнихінвестицій в Україну під час війни, дослі­джено та проаналізовано процес залучення іно­земних інвестицій. Виокремлено низку негатив­нихфакторів, які вплинули на процес залучення інвестицій у розвиток економіки, зокрема, роз­витоккраїни та її економіки в умовах воєнного стану, воєнна агресія, що негативно впливає на потенційних інвесторів. Відсутність захисту та інститутів гарантування іноземних інвестицій на національному рівні. Розглянуто та проаналізо­вано фактори, що створюють позитивний імідж країни та сприятливі умови для залучення іно­земнихінвестицій. До таких факторів належать: активна зовнішня політика країни; засудження спільнотою тотального вторгнення країни-агресора в Україну; ухвалення ряду санкційних па­кетів проти агресорів та розірвання економіч­них угод з ними країнами Євросоюзу та США; багатостороння підтримка країн G7 та Європей­ського Союзу; авторитет Президента України на світовій арені. Зазначено, що державне регулювання інвес­тиційної діяльності є інструментом державної інвестиційної політики та елементом системи державного регулювання економіки. Управлін­ня інвестиційною діяльністю здійснюється через реалізацію повноважень органами державної влади, що наділені відповідною компетенцією, і саме їхня ефективна діяльність створює умови для формування сприятливого інвестиційного клімату та отримання позитивного ефекту для держави. Підкреслено, що за результатами аналізу офіційних даних Державної служби статистики України у статті наводяться статистичні дані, що відображають динаміку надходжень інвес­тицій з різних країн світу в економіку України. Проведений аналіз дав змогу визначити сут­тєвий недолік чинного законодавства України, що виявляється у відсутності окремого органу державної влади, наділеного повноваженнями у сфері управління інвестиційною діяльністю у формі надання дозволів на залучення іноземних інвестицій на об’єкти, що мають стратегічне для економіки значення, та об’єкти критичної інф­раструктури, так само як і відсутній механізм нагляду та контролю за ефективним викорис­танням інвестиційних коштів. У законодавстві провідних країн світу визначена процедура від­хилення іноземних інвестицій та повноважень органів державної влади, коли інвестиція чи дії інвестора можуть становити загрозу національ­ній безпеці держави.

Cancerous tissues undergo extensive changes to their cellular environments that differentiate them from healthy tissues. These changes include changes in extracellular pH and Ca2+ concentrations, and the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) to the extracellular environment, which can modulate the interaction of peptides and proteins with the plasma membrane. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of such interactions is critical for advancing the knowledge-based design of cancer-targeting molecular tools, such as pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP). Here, we explore the effects of PS, Ca2+ , and peptide protonation state on the interactions of pHLIP with lipid membranes. Cellular studies demonstrate that exposed PS on the plasma membrane promotes pHLIP targeting. The magnitude of this effect is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ concentration, indicating that divalent cations play an important role in pHLIP targeting in vivo. The targeting mechanism is further explored with a combination of fluorescence and circular dichroism experiments in model membranes and microsecond-timescale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate that Ca2+ is engaged in coupling peptide-lipid interactions in the unprotonated transmembrane conformation of pHLIP. The simulations reveal that while the pH-induced insertion leads to a strong depletion of PS around pHLIP, the Ca2+ -induced insertion has the opposite effect. Thus, extracellular levels of Ca2+ are crucial to linking cellular changes in membrane lipid composition with the selective targeting and insertion of pHLIP. The characterized Ca2+ -dependent coupling between pHLIP sidechains and PS provides atomistic insights into the general mechanism for lipid-coupled regulation of protein-membrane insertion by divalent cations.

Brown mustard has a prominent genetic potential for seed productivity, which can be fulfilled by optimising the elements of cultivation technology, namely the nutrition system, which makes research relevant. The purpose of this study was to determine the complex effect of the combination of different variants for pre-sowing mineral feeding and foliar feeding with water-soluble fertilisers on the formation of productivity elements and biological yield of brown mustard seeds. Field, laboratory (for accounting for structural elements of the crop), and statistical (for mathematical processing of materials) research methods were used in the study. The study was conducted in 2020, 2021, and 2023 on the basis of the farm “KYRYCHENKO M” located in the central part of Borivskyi district of Kharkiv region. The experiment compared five variants of pre-sowing mineral feeding and five variants of foliar feeding with various combinations of water-soluble fertilisers. The largest number of seeds on the plant and the largest mass were in the variants of the combination of pre-sowing application of N45P45K45 and carrying out two foliar feedings during microphases 21-23 and 50-53 with a mixture of carbamide and complex fertiliser Quantum technical – 627.3 pcs. and 1.97 g, respectively. However, these indicators did not significantly differ from the variant with a lower dose of presowing fertilisers – N45P30K30. Generally, according to the experiment, the highest biological yield of brown mustard seeds in an average of three years was in the variants of the combination of pre-sowing application of N45P45K45 and N45P30K30 with two foliar top dressings with different mixtures of fertilisers – 2.72-2.79 t/ha. Proceeding from this, the best variant in the experiment was the pre-sowing application of N45P30K30 in combination with two foliar feedings during microphases 21-23 and 50-53 with a mixture of carbamide and the complex watersoluble fertiliser under study in single doses of 10 kg/ha and 2.0 l/ha, respectively. It was established that the highest biological yield of mustard seeds in all years was on the variants of pre-sowing application – N45P45K45 and N45P30K30. There was no significant difference between these variants by year. The findings of this study can be used by agricultural enterprises to adjust the nutrition system (pre-sowing application of complex fertilisers and foliar feeding), which will ensure a more complete fulfilment of the genetic potential of brown mustard productivity

The article notes that quality education is the foundation for intellectual, cultural, spiritual, social and economic development of the State and its components. It has been noted that the fundamental direction of education is the multi-vector evolution of a person as an individual and the highest value of society, development of his/her talents, mental and physical abilities, education of high moral qualities, formation of citizens capable of making a conscious social choice, enrichment on this basis of the intellectual, creative, cultural potential of the people, improvement of their educational level, and provision of the State with qualified specialists. The essence of the definition of “education” lies in understanding it as a purposeful process of acquiring and honing knowledge and skills, values, beliefs and habits through various forms of cognitive activity, as well as education and training in the circles of interests of a person and society, which is confirmed by the statement that a citizen has mastered the educational levels determined by the state. The article establishes that the State is one of the main subjects of the control function in society. This follows from the fact that the State has the capabilities and is endowed with real powers to influence society, and in the course of such influence it relies on the results of control. The author emphasises that the State is the central subject of implementation of the control function in society, since it has all the necessary levers of influence on it, using an extensive system of relevant authorised public administration bodies. The main purpose of these bodies is to ensure legality and discipline, which is directly related to their jurisdictional activities. It is emphasised that the legislator has developed a hierarchical pyramid of relevant governing bodies of public authority in Ukraine to implement the State control over the exercise of administrative jurisdiction by educational institutions. This system of public authority includes several levels: from the parliamentary-presidential, governmental-central and regional levels to the regional and district levels.

Ukraine is one of the countries in Europe most affected by HIV. The escalation of open war on the European continent has affected HIV care in Ukraine in an unprecedented way. Treating physicians in Europe have little experience on how to handle HIV-specific care under these circumstances. A framework is urgently needed that both defines and sets out strategies to handle the specific challenges for emergency support for people living with HIV, both those staying in Ukraine and those becoming displaced. The optimal allocation of the few available medical resources, primarily antiretroviral therapy, is necessary to best prevent individual morbidity and achieve population transmission control. Professional HIV networks play a central role to create, optimise, and execute support strategies. Through a rapid literature review we identified the key strategies needed to create a support framework, adapted to Ukraine's HIV epidemiology. We produce a unified support framework aiming to reduce the inevitable impact on Ukraine's HIV care cascade now, and when rebuilding it after the war.

Предметом дослідження є вивчення сучасних блокчейн-рішень та їх потенційне використання в контексті захисту цифрових активів. Аналізуються різні аспекти технологій блокчейн, зокрема механізми консенсусу, рівень безпеки та функціональні можливості. Мета роботи – системний аналіз і обґрунтування застосування різних блокчейн-рішень для захисту цифрових активів. Стаття спрямована на визначення ефективності та доцільності використання конкретних блокчейн-протоколів та їх функціональних елементів для забезпечення безпеки, надійності та цілісності цифрових активів. У статті розв’язуються такі завдання: розгляд сучасних блокчейн-технологій та їх ролі в забезпеченні безпеки цифрових активів; детальний аналіз популярних блокчейн-протоколів, зокрема Bitcoin, Ethereum та Hyperledger Fabric, з огляду на їх захищеність від різних видів кіберзагроз і атак. Упроваджуються такі методи: аналіз блокчейн-протоколів, експертне оцінювання ефективності захисту цифрових активів і вивчення технічних особливостей кожного рішення. Досягнуті результати: визначено переваги й недоліки кожного протоколу, зважаючи на їх використання у сфері цифрових активів у різноманітних напрямах застосування, таких як семантичний аналіз текстів, E-Learning, Big Data, DDP-системи, фінанси тощо; додатково досліджено питання приватності мереж у контексті захисту інформації та обґрунтовано вибір оптимального блокчейн-рішення для конкретного використання. Висновки. Стаття надає узагальнену уяву про те, як ефективно використовувати блокчейн для забезпечення надійності та безпеки цифрових активів у різних сценаріях застосування. У сучасному цифровому світі, де значення цифрових активів зростає експоненційно, їх захист від кіберзагроз стає критичним завданням. Блокчейн-технології, спочатку розроблені для криптовалют, набули визнання як ефективний інструмент у сфері кібербезпеки. Доведено важливість стандартизації та регулювання в галузі блокчейн-технологій з метою їх ефективної інтеграції та відповідності до вимог законодавства.

The Ukrainian Open University of Postgraduate Education (UOUPE) is a self-governing educational institution that aims to provide distance education for teachers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the integration of Ukraine into the European educational space. The UOUPE is based on a design-transforming nonlinear paradigm and a reflexive-positional approach, enabling a community of progressive educators who can respond to modern challenges and change their learning and professional practices. The paper presents the interregional cooperation project for teachers' professional development, which the UOUPE implements in collaboration with the Department of Philosophy and Adult Education of the Central Institute of Postgraduate Education of the University of Educational Management. The paper also reports the results of the first diagnostic stage of the project, which involved 120 teachers from different regions of Ukraine.

Wie die ukrainische Demokratie in diesen herausfordernden Zeiten bestehen kann.

How Ukrainian democracy manages to persist in these challenging times.

One of the most effective methods for increasing yield and resistance to abiotic and biotic factors in the environment is genetic selection and improvement of varieties. Solving these tasks is possible using positive transgressions, which are of great practical importance at this stage of selection. The aim of the research was to determine the coefficient of heritability in the broad sense (H2 ) and the degree and frequency of transgressions for productivity traits in second-generation hybrids of naked oat, created by crossing based on the eco-geographical principle and selection of economically valuable biotypes for further breeding work. During 2021, research was conducted on 15 intervarietal hybrids. F2 and parental components were analysed for traits such as plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spikelet, and grain weight per spikelet. Field research methods (phenological observations), laboratory methods (structural analysis of the material under study), and mathematical-statistical methods (objective evaluation of the experimental data obtained) were used. A prominent level of the coefficient was observed for the trait “grain weight per spikelet”, ranging from 0.66 to 0.88 in hybrid populations OM 11-3007/Abel, OM 2803/Abel, Percy Can/Inermis, Percy Can/Abel. The analysis of the second-generation F2 intervarietal hybrids of naked oat allowed the identification of transgressions for all the studied traits. The highest number of positive transgressions was found for the following productivity traits: spike length (Tf 31.82 – 59.09%, Td 7.53 – 15.49%); number of spikelets per spike (Tf 27.30 – 54.50%, Td 8.85 – 26.49%); number of grains per spikelet (Tf 45.50 – 77.27%, Td 16.63 – 27.62%); and grain weight per spikelet (Tf 63.64 – 81.80%, Td 18.12 – 25.36%). The selection-genetic analysis of studying the nature of heritability, frequency, and degree of transgressive variation in spikelet productivity traits of F2 naked oat hybrids allowed the identification of a considerable number of transgressive forms, in which productivity elements vary widely, indicating successful selection work in creating promising high-yielding breeding material

Involving the natural host-resistance mechanisms to pathogens are essential and one of the most promising approaches in development of first-line defenses against viral plant diseases. Polysaccharides isolated from natural sources are considered the most active resistance inducers. The biological activity of polysaccharides depends on the nature and chemical structure of the constituent components of complex preparations. In this view, the objective of our study was to evaluate the biological activity of complex preparations composed of glycans, rhamnolipids, and thiosulfonates as inducers of natural plant resistance and inhibitors of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Complex preparations were obtained using the following components: biogenic glycolipids - rhamnolipids of the Pseudomonas sp. strain PS-17, glycans - Ganoderma adspersum glucan and Candida maltosa mannan, as well as synthetic biocides - thiosulfonates (methylthiosulfanilate). The biological activity of the preparations was investigated in the host-virus model system Nicotiana tabacum L. and TMV. It was shown that preparations at concentrations of 10 and 100 μg mL-1 were active plant resistance inducers in N. tabacum cv. Immune 580, hypersensitive to TMV. At the same concentrations, complex preparations also reduced infectivity of TMV on Datura metel L. acting as viral infection inhibitors. The inducing activity of the complex preparations is sensitive to well-known transcription inhibitor actinomycin D (10 μg mL-1). This fact may indicate the important role of RNA synthesis in the activation of plant virus resistance by the studied preparations.

The article presents the author’s perspective on various levels of psychological assistance that can be provided in crisis situations. The focus is primarily on the highest level of assistance, which is existential therapy. Within the context of existential therapy, the author emphasizes the importance of addressing existential aspects of positive psychotherapy. Furthermore, the article proposes a new concept of “actual capacities” as a type of existential activity. These actual capacities are selected based on four existential conflicts identified by I. Yalom, and they help individuals to confront these conflicts without resorting to neurotic defenses. In this way, actual capacities serve as existential activities, contributing to healthier responses to the challenges of existence. By developing actual capacities as existential activities, individuals may be better equipped to cope with the givens of existence.

The purpose of the article is to analyse gender-based violence and to study the legal mechanisms for overcoming it in Ukraine. On the basis of scientific findings and proposals, it has been suggested that a new perspective on this issue be taken. The basic concepts of gender-based violence, its forms, and European standards that are effective in preventing and combating violence have been studied. The expediency of forming a scientifically based system of prevention, regulation and overcoming of domestic violence has been emphasised. The legislation of different countries has been analysed, the peculiarities of gender-based violence and the factors that influence its occurrence in the family have been identified. The author’s own definition for the term “gender-based violence” has been presented. Both general scientific and special methods of cognition were used in the course of the study. The logical method was used to formulate legal concepts and classify types of violence. The historical method was used to study the historical aspects and chronology of the emergence and development of gender-based violence. The use of the dialectical method has made it possible to determine the legal nature and essence of gender-based violence. The synergistic method has allowed to characterise the legal nature of gender-based violence. The axiological method was used to determine the role of the principle of gender equality in the development of Ukrainian legislation and its implementation into European legislation. The dogmatic method was used to interpret legal acts in terms of their compliance with modern European standards. Based on the analysis of regulatory acts and legal literature, the author proposes a definition of gender-based violence as an activity or behaviour aimed at maintaining the advantage of one party over another, depending on gender status. It can be physical violence, mental violence, sexual violence, economic violence, stereotypical behaviour.

The article analyzes the system of national and international judicial and law enforcement bodies as subjects of criminal prosecution of Russian aggressors committing criminal acts in Ukraine using missiles. It is established that the Ukrainian subjects of criminal proceedings are local general courts, courts of appeal and the Supreme Court of Ukraine. From the point of view of international justice, it is proved that the Russian military personnel who are suspected of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity fall under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. It is emphasized that the military and political leadership of Russia may be brought to criminal responsibility to a special international tribunal for unleashing and waging of an aggressive war, which could be created by the states of the anti-Putin coalition.

The article proposes a new technique for estimating the instantaneous supply in gear hydraulic machines. It takes into account the peculiarity of the movement of the radius connecting the centers of rotation of the gears with the point of engagement. The dependence of the angular velocity of rotation and the length of the radius on the position of the engagement point due to slipping of the working profiles of the gear teeth are determined. Estimation of the degree of non-uniformity of the supply, in accordance with the obtained model, differs significantly from the traditional ideas about the pulsation of the instantaneous supply in gear hydraulic machines.

Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is an herbaceous biennial plant native to Europe. In Ukraine, in addition to becoming a serious invader, garlic mustard can serve as a host to several viruses, which may affect agricultural crops. In view of this, the purpose of the study was to identify the virome of garlic mustard growing in Ukraine. Plant samples collected in Kyiv regions were tested for the presence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), watermelon mosaic virus II (WMV), and turnip crinkle virus (TCV) by serological and/or molecular methods. According to the results found in the present study, symptomatic A. petiolata obtained in 2021 were infected with CMV (60%), TuMV (20%), or co-infected with CMV + TuMV (20%). TYMV, WMV II, and TCV were not detected in any of the collected samples. The cDNA fragments encoded the coat protein (CP) gene of CMV and TuMV were sequenced and named as CMV-Ap and TuMV-Ap, respectively. In phylogenetic analysis, the CMV-Ap closely resembled the German isolate MW582807 (Sarracenia sp.), with 99.8% nucleotide identity and belongs to subgroup II of CMV. In the phylogenetic tree, TuMV-Ap clustered with isolates AP017803, AP017764, AP017791, and JQ073722, and represented the highest identity (98.6%) to Iranian isolate IRNTRa9 (AP017803) from Rapistrum rugosum and Turkish isolate TUR49 (AP017872) from Raphanus raphanistrum. The sequences of CMV-Ap and TuMV-Ap were deposited in the GenBank under Accession Numbers MZ540213 and OM799323, respectively. The results obtained in the study indicate the important role of infected garlic mustard as alternative host and natural reservoir of CMV and TuMV from which these economically important viruses can spread to other wild and cultivated plants. This is the first molecular evidence of TuMV infection in A. petiolata from Ukraine.