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2. Estimates of cetacean abundance in European Atlantic waters in summer 2022 from the SCANS-IV aerial and shipboard surveys

Author

Gilles, A, Authier, M, Ramirez-Martinez, N, Araújo, H, Blanchard, A, Carlström, J, Eira, C, Dorémus, G, Fernández-Maldonado, C, Geelhoed, SCV, Kyhn, L, Laran, S, Nachtsheim, D, Panigada, S, Pigeault, R, Sequeira, M, Sveegaard, S, Taylor, NL, Owen, K, Saavedra, C, Vázquez-Bonales, JA, Unger, B, Hammond, PS, Gilles, A, Authier, M, Ramirez-Martinez, N, Araújo, H, Blanchard, A, Carlström, J, Eira, C, Dorémus, G, Fernández-Maldonado, C, Geelhoed, SCV, Kyhn, L, Laran, S, Nachtsheim, D, Panigada, S, Pigeault, R, Sequeira, M, Sveegaard, S, Taylor, NL, Owen, K, Saavedra, C, Vázquez-Bonales, JA, Unger, B, and Hammond, PS

Published
2023

3. Estimates of cetacean abundance in European Atlantic waters in summer 2022 from the SCANS-IV aerial and shipboard surveys

Author

Gilles, A., Authier, Matthieu, Ramirez-Martinez, N.C., Araujo, H., Blanchard, A., Carlstrom, J., Eira, C., Dorémus, G., Fernandez-Maldonad, C., Geelhoed, S.C.V., Kyhn, L., Laran, Sophie, Nachtsheim, D., Panigada, S., Pigeault, R., Sequeira, M., Sveegaard, Signe, Taylor, N.L., Owen, K., Saavedra, C., Vazquez-Bonales, Jose Antonio, Unger, B., Hammond, P.S., Gilles, A., Authier, Matthieu, Ramirez-Martinez, N.C., Araujo, H., Blanchard, A., Carlstrom, J., Eira, C., Dorémus, G., Fernandez-Maldonad, C., Geelhoed, S.C.V., Kyhn, L., Laran, Sophie, Nachtsheim, D., Panigada, S., Pigeault, R., Sequeira, M., Sveegaard, Signe, Taylor, N.L., Owen, K., Saavedra, C., Vazquez-Bonales, Jose Antonio, Unger, B., and Hammond, P.S.

Published
2023

7. Mammals

Author

Kyhn, L. A., Klitgaard, A. B., Rasch, M., and Caning, K.

Published
2006

10. Arthropods

Author

Kyhn, L. A., Meltofte, H., Rasch, M., and Caning, K.

Published
2003

11. Correlations between physical and chemical defences in plants : Tradeoffs, syndromes, or just many different ways to skin a herbivorous cat?

Author

Moles, A. T., Peco, B., Wallis, I. R., Foley, W. J., Poore, A. G. B., Seabloom, E. W., Vesk, P. A., Bisigato, A. J., Cella-Pizarro, L., Clark, C. J., Cohen, P. S., Cornwell, W. K., Edwards, W., Ejrnæs, R., Gonzales-Ojeda, T., Graae, B. J., Hay, G., Lumbwe, F. C., Magaña-Rodríguez, B., Moore, B. D., Peri, P. L., Poulsen, J. R., Stegen, J. C., Veldtman, R., von Zeipel, Hugo, Andrew, N. R., Boulter, S. L., Borer, E. T., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Farji-Brener, A. G., Degabriel, J. L., Jurado, E., Kyhn, L. A., Low, B., Mulder, C. P. H., Reardon-Smith, K., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., De Fortier, A., Zheng, Z., Blendinger, P. G., Enquist, B. J., Facelli, J. M., Knight, T., Majer, J. D., Martínez-Ramos, M., Mcquillan, P., Hui, F. K. C., Moles, A. T., Peco, B., Wallis, I. R., Foley, W. J., Poore, A. G. B., Seabloom, E. W., Vesk, P. A., Bisigato, A. J., Cella-Pizarro, L., Clark, C. J., Cohen, P. S., Cornwell, W. K., Edwards, W., Ejrnæs, R., Gonzales-Ojeda, T., Graae, B. J., Hay, G., Lumbwe, F. C., Magaña-Rodríguez, B., Moore, B. D., Peri, P. L., Poulsen, J. R., Stegen, J. C., Veldtman, R., von Zeipel, Hugo, Andrew, N. R., Boulter, S. L., Borer, E. T., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Farji-Brener, A. G., Degabriel, J. L., Jurado, E., Kyhn, L. A., Low, B., Mulder, C. P. H., Reardon-Smith, K., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., De Fortier, A., Zheng, Z., Blendinger, P. G., Enquist, B. J., Facelli, J. M., Knight, T., Majer, J. D., Martínez-Ramos, M., Mcquillan, P., and Hui, F. K. C.

Abstract

Most plant species have a range of traits that deter herbivores. However, understanding of how different defences are related to one another is surprisingly weak. Many authors argue that defence traits trade off against one another, while others argue that they form coordinated defence syndromes. We collected a dataset of unprecedented taxonomic and geographic scope (261 species spanning 80 families, from 75 sites across the globe) to investigate relationships among four chemical and six physical defences. Five of the 45 pairwise correlations between defence traits were significant and three of these were tradeoffs. The relationship between species' overall chemical and physical defence levels was marginally nonsignificant (P = 0.08), and remained nonsignificant after accounting for phylogeny, growth form and abundance. Neither categorical principal component analysis (PCA) nor hierarchical cluster analysis supported the idea that species displayed defence syndromes. Our results do not support arguments for tradeoffs or for coordinated defence syndromes. Rather, plants display a range of combinations of defence traits. We suggest this lack of consistent defence syndromes may be adaptive, resulting from selective pressure to deploy a different combination of defences to coexisting species., CODEN: NEPHA

Published
2013
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12. Correlations between physical and chemical defences in plants: tradeoffs, syndromes, or just many different ways to skin a herbivorous cat?

Author

Moles, A., Peco, B., Wallis, I., Foley, W., Poore, A., Seabloom, E., Vesk, P., Bisigato, A., Cella-Pizarro, L., Clark, C., Cohen, P., Cornwell, W., Edwards, W., Ejrnaes, R., Gonzalez-Ojeda, T., Graae, B., Hay, G., Lumbwe, F., Magana-Rodriquez, B., Moore, B., Peri, P., Poulsen, J., Stegen, J., Veldtman, R., Zeipel, H., Andrew, N., Boulter, S., Borer, E., Cornelissen, J., Farji-Brener, A., DeGabriel, J., Jurado, E., Kyhn, L., Mulder, C., Low, B., Reardon-Smith, K., Rodriguez-Velazquez, J., Fortier, A., Zheng, Z., Blendinger, P., Enquist, B., Facelli, J., Knight, T., Majer, Jonathan, Martinez-Ramos, M., McQuillan, P., Hui, F., Moles, A., Peco, B., Wallis, I., Foley, W., Poore, A., Seabloom, E., Vesk, P., Bisigato, A., Cella-Pizarro, L., Clark, C., Cohen, P., Cornwell, W., Edwards, W., Ejrnaes, R., Gonzalez-Ojeda, T., Graae, B., Hay, G., Lumbwe, F., Magana-Rodriquez, B., Moore, B., Peri, P., Poulsen, J., Stegen, J., Veldtman, R., Zeipel, H., Andrew, N., Boulter, S., Borer, E., Cornelissen, J., Farji-Brener, A., DeGabriel, J., Jurado, E., Kyhn, L., Mulder, C., Low, B., Reardon-Smith, K., Rodriguez-Velazquez, J., Fortier, A., Zheng, Z., Blendinger, P., Enquist, B., Facelli, J., Knight, T., Majer, Jonathan, Martinez-Ramos, M., McQuillan, P., and Hui, F.

Abstract

Most plant species have a range of traits that deter herbivores. However, understanding of how different defences are related to one another is surprisingly weak. Many authors argue that defence traits trade off against one another, while others argue that they form coordinated defence syndromes. We collected a dataset of unprecedented taxonomic and geographic scope (261 species spanning 80 families, from 75 sites across the globe) to investigate relationships among four chemical and six physical defences. Five of the 45 pairwise correlations between defence traits were significant and three of these were tradeoffs. The relationship between species’ overall chemical and physical defence levels was marginally nonsignificant (P = 0.08), and remained nonsignificant after accounting for phylogeny, growth form and abundance. Neither categorical principal component analysis (PCA) nor hierarchical cluster analysis supported the idea that species displayed defence syndromes. Our results do not support arguments for tradeoffs or for coordinated defence syndromes. Rather, plants display a range of combinations of defence traits. We suggest this lack of consistent defence syndromes may be adaptive, resulting from selective pressure to deploy a different combination of defences to coexisting species.

Published
2013

13. Putting plant resistance traits on the map : A test of the idea that plants are better defended at lower latitudes

Author

Moles, A. T., Wallis, I. R., Foley, W. J., Warton, D. I., Stegen, J. C., Bisigato, A. J., Cella-Pizarro, L., Clark, C. J., Cohen, P. S., Cornwell, W. K., Edwards, W., Ejrnaes, R., Gonzales-Ojeda, T., Graae, B. J., Hay, G., Lumbwe, F. C., Magaña-Rodriguez, B., Moore, B. D., Peri, P. L., Poulsen, J. R., Veldtman, R., von Zeipel, Hugo, Andrew, N. R., Boulter, S. L., Borer, E. T., Campón, F. F., Coll, M., Farji-Brener, A. G., De Gabriel, J., Jurado, E., Kyhn, L. A., Low, B., Mulder, C. P. H., Reardon-Smith, K., Rodriuez-Velázquez, J., Seabloom, E. W., Vesk, P. A., van Cauter, A., Waldram, M. S., Zheng, Z., Blendinger, P. G., Enquist, B. J., Facelli, J. M., Knight, T., Majer, J. D., Martínez-Ramos, M., Mcquillan, P., Prior, L. D., Moles, A. T., Wallis, I. R., Foley, W. J., Warton, D. I., Stegen, J. C., Bisigato, A. J., Cella-Pizarro, L., Clark, C. J., Cohen, P. S., Cornwell, W. K., Edwards, W., Ejrnaes, R., Gonzales-Ojeda, T., Graae, B. J., Hay, G., Lumbwe, F. C., Magaña-Rodriguez, B., Moore, B. D., Peri, P. L., Poulsen, J. R., Veldtman, R., von Zeipel, Hugo, Andrew, N. R., Boulter, S. L., Borer, E. T., Campón, F. F., Coll, M., Farji-Brener, A. G., De Gabriel, J., Jurado, E., Kyhn, L. A., Low, B., Mulder, C. P. H., Reardon-Smith, K., Rodriuez-Velázquez, J., Seabloom, E. W., Vesk, P. A., van Cauter, A., Waldram, M. S., Zheng, Z., Blendinger, P. G., Enquist, B. J., Facelli, J. M., Knight, T., Majer, J. D., Martínez-Ramos, M., Mcquillan, P., and Prior, L. D.

Abstract

It has long been believed that plant species from the tropics have higher levels of traits associated with resistance to herbivores than do species from higher latitudes. A meta-analysis recently showed that the published literature does not support this theory. However, the idea has never been tested using data gathered with consistent methods from a wide range of latitudes. • We quantified the relationship between latitude and a broad range of chemical and physical traits across 301 species from 75 sites world-wide. • Six putative resistance traits, including tannins, the concentration of lipids (an indicator of oils, waxes and resins), and leaf toughness were greater in high-latitude species. Six traits, including cyanide production and the presence of spines, were unrelated to latitude. Only ash content (an indicator of inorganic substances such as calcium oxalates and phytoliths) and the properties of species with delayed greening were higher in the tropics. • Our results do not support the hypothesis that tropical plants have higher levels of resistance traits than do plants from higher latitudes. If anything, plants have higher resistance toward the poles. The greater resistance traits of high-latitude species might be explained by the greater cost of losing a given amount of leaf tissue in low-productivity environments. © 2011 New Phytologist Trust.

Published
2011
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14. Putting plant resistance traits on the map: a test of the idea that plants are better defended at lower latitudes

Author

Moles, A., Wallis, I., Foley, W., Warton, D., Stegen, J., Bisigato, A., Cella-Pizarro, L., Clark, C., Cohen, P., Cornwell, W., Edwards, W., Ejrnaes, R., Gonzalez-Ojeda, T., Graae, B., Hay, G., Lumbwe, F., Magana-Rodriquez, B., Moore, B., Peri, P., Poulsen, J., Veldtman, R., von Zeipel, H., Andrew, N., Boulter, S., Borer, E., Fernandez Campon, F., Coll, M., Farji-Brener, A., De Gabriel, J., Jurado, E., Kyhn, L., Low, B., Mulder, C., Reardon-Smith, K., Velazquez-Rodriguez, J., Seabloom, E., Vesk, P., Cauter, A., Waldram, M., Zheng, Z., Blendinger, P., Enquist, B., Facelli, J., Knight, T., Majer, Jonathan, Martinez-Ramos, M., McQuillan, P., Prior, L., Moles, A., Wallis, I., Foley, W., Warton, D., Stegen, J., Bisigato, A., Cella-Pizarro, L., Clark, C., Cohen, P., Cornwell, W., Edwards, W., Ejrnaes, R., Gonzalez-Ojeda, T., Graae, B., Hay, G., Lumbwe, F., Magana-Rodriquez, B., Moore, B., Peri, P., Poulsen, J., Veldtman, R., von Zeipel, H., Andrew, N., Boulter, S., Borer, E., Fernandez Campon, F., Coll, M., Farji-Brener, A., De Gabriel, J., Jurado, E., Kyhn, L., Low, B., Mulder, C., Reardon-Smith, K., Velazquez-Rodriguez, J., Seabloom, E., Vesk, P., Cauter, A., Waldram, M., Zheng, Z., Blendinger, P., Enquist, B., Facelli, J., Knight, T., Majer, Jonathan, Martinez-Ramos, M., McQuillan, P., and Prior, L.

Abstract

It has long been believed that plant species from the tropics have higher levels of traits associated with resistance to herbivores than do species from higher latitudes. A meta-analysis recently showed that the published literature does not support this theory. However, the idea has never been tested using data gathered with consistent methods from a wide range of latitudes. We quantified the relationship between latitude and a broad range of chemical and physical traits across 301 species from 75 sites world-wide. Six putative resistance traits, including tannins, the concentration of lipids (an indicator of oils, waxes and resins), and leaf toughness were greater in high-latitude species. Six traits, including cyanide production and the presence of spines, were unrelated to latitude. Only ash content (an indicator of inorganic substances such as calcium oxalates and phytoliths) and the properties of species with delayed greening were higher in the tropics. Our results do not support the hypothesis that tropical plants have higher levels of resistance traits than do plants from higher latitudes. If anything, plants have higher resistance toward the poles. The greater resistance traits of high-latitude species might be explained by the greater cost of losing a given amount of leaf tissue in low-productivity environments.

Published
2011

17. Echolocation sounds of hourglass dolphins ( Lagenorhynchus cruciger) are similar to the narrow band high-frequency echolocation sounds of the dolphin genus Cephalorhynchus.

Author

Tougaard, J. and Kyhn, L. A.

Subjects
ANIMAL sounds, ANIMAL communication, LAGENORHYNCHUS, CEPHALORHYNCHUS, DOLPHINS
Abstract

The article offers information a study which examines the similarity of the echolocation sounds of lagenorhynchus cruciger and the narrow band high-frequency echolocation sounds of cephalorhynchus. According to the study, because lagenorhynchus is nested within the genus cephalorhynchus, both are concentrated in a narrow band so-called Narrow Band High Frequency (NBHF). However, controversies over the differences in the sound production mechanisms of dolphins are also mentioned.

Published
2010
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18. Gross pathology and liver mercury concentrations in harbour porpoises, harbour seals and grey seals in Denmark, Northern Europe.

Author

Sonne C, Alstrup AKO, Pagh S, Thøstesen CB, Jensen TH, Jensen TK, Galatius A, Kyhn L, Søndergaard J, Siebert U, Lakemeyer J, and Dietz R

Subjects
Animals, Denmark, Phoca metabolism, Mercury metabolism, Seals, Earless metabolism, Liver metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical metabolism, Phocoena metabolism, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Here we report the first investigation of gross pathology and mercury (Hg) in liver tissue from harbour porpoises, harbour seals and grey seals from Denmark, Northern Europe. Mercury concentrations ranged between 0.2 and 248 μg/g wet weight (ww) with highest concentrations found in grey seals and subadult harbour seals from the Baltic Sea, with no relationship to body condition. Necropsy findings across all three species decreasing in the following order: pneumonia (n = 60) > respiratory parasitism (n = 56) > wounds (n = 18) > GI-parasites (stomach nematodes and/or parasitic colitis) (n = 16) > ectoparasites (skin lice) (n = 12) > hepatic parasites/lesions (n = 8) > focal alopecia (n = 5) > nephropathy (n = 4) > middle ear complex parasites (n = 3) > nasal parasites (n = 2). Heart and/or lung worms were significantly highest in subadult harbour porpoises, GI parasites and nephropathy significantly lowest in subadult harbour seals and focal alopecia significantly highest in subadult harbour seals. Most cases of pneumonia were associated with respiratory parasites (68 %), while nine cases of wounds led to signs of septicaemia. Significant positive relationships were observed between Hg and the presence of respiratory parasites in subadult harbour porpoises and between Hg and the presence of focal alopecia, nephropathy, and gastrointestinal parasites in subadult harbour seals. Levels of Hg were in the categories for low risk (16-64 μg/g ww) in 18 %, moderate risk (64-83 μg/g ww) in 3 %, high risk (83-123 μg/g ww) in 2 % and severe risk (>123 μg/g ww) in 3 % of all individuals for health effects in marine mammals. In conclusion, using marine mammals as integrative sentinel species for Danish North Sea, Inner Danish Waters and the Baltic Sea ecosystems provides monitoring of ocean health in terms of multiple stressors such as anthropogenic contaminants and infectious diseases all being important in the context of global change., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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19. Human exposure to PFOS and mercury through meat from baltic harbour seals (Phoca vitulina).

Author

Sonne C, Vorkamp K, Galatius A, Kyhn L, Teilmann J, Bossi R, Søndergaard J, Eulaers I, Desforges JP, Siebert U, and Dietz R

Subjects
Animals, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Alkanesulfonic Acids analysis, Dietary Exposure analysis, Fluorocarbons analysis, Meat analysis, Mercury analysis, Phoca, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Abstract

The overall aim of the present study was to assess human exposure to environmental contaminants from consumption of harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) meat in the southwestern Baltic Sea. For this purpose, muscle tissue from harbour seals (n = 27) was sampled from Danish locations in the period 2005-2015 and analysed for concentrations of total mercury (Hg), organochlorine contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides as well as perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with particular focus on perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Hg, ∑PCB, PFOS and PFOA concentrations in the muscle tissue ranged between 0.27 and 4.76 μg g -1 wet weight (ww; mean: 1.38 μg g -1 ww, n = 27), 12.2-137 ng g -1 ww (mean: 47.5 ng g -1 ww, n = 10), 6.95-33.6 ng g -1 ww (mean: 15.8 ng g -1 ww, n = 10) and 0.16-0.55 ng g -1 ww (mean: 0.28 ng g -1 ww, n = 10), respectively. We compared the concentrations with literature-derived human tolerable weekly intake (TWI) values for mercury (1.3 μg kg -1 week -1 ), ∑PCB (2.1 μg kg -1 week -1 ), PFOS (0.013 μg kg -1 week -1 ) and PFOA (0.006 μg kg -1 week -1 ). The comparisons showed that the weekly consumption of harbour seal meat by children (weighing 30 kg), women (weighing 60 kg) and men (weighing 80 kg) should not exceed 28, 57 and 76 g (for Hg), 1.3, 2.7 and 3.5 kg (for ∑PCB), 25, 50 and 67 g (for PFOS) and 640, 1290 and 1720 g (for PFOA). In conclusion, Hg and PFOS are the contaminants of most importance in seal meat from this area with respect to existing tolerable intake rates and risks of adverse human health effects., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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20. Basin-wide contributions to the underwater soundscape by multiple seismic surveys with implications for marine mammals in Baffin Bay, Greenland.

Author

Kyhn LA, Wisniewska DM, Beedholm K, Tougaard J, Simon M, Mosbech A, and Madsen PT

Subjects
Animals, Bays, Greenland, Mammals, Ships, Noise
Abstract

Seismic surveys increasingly operate in deeper Arctic waters with propagation conditions and marine mammal fauna different from the better-studied temperate, or shallow-water, regions. Using 31 calibrated sound recorders, we quantified noise contributions from four concurrent seismic surveys in Baffin Bay, Greenland, to estimate their potential impacts on marine mammals. The impact was cumulative as the noise level rose in response to the onset of each survey: on a minute-by-minute scale the sound-exposure-levels varied by up to 70 dB (20 dB on average), depending on range to the seismic vessel, local bathymetry effects and interference patterns, representing a significant change in the auditory scene for marine mammals. Airgun pulse energy did not decrease to ambient before arrival of the next pulse leaving very little low-frequency masking-free time. Overall, the measured values matched well with pre-season-modeling, emphasizing the importance of noise-modeling in impact assessments, if responses of focal marine mammals are known., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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