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Objective: To evaluate the effect of a self‐retaining block‐type bone substitute (srBB) on the dimensional stability of the horizontal ridge width at the coronal level in a buccal dehiscence model. Materials and Methods: Four box‐shaped bone defects with a buccal dehiscence were surgically prepared in the partially edentulous mandible (n = 6). Experimental biomaterials were randomly assigned to each site: (1) Control group: no treatment, (2) particle‐type bone substitute (PBS) group, (3) collagenated soft block bone substitute (csBB) group, and (4) self‐retaining synthetic block bone (srBB) group. In all grafted groups, a collagen membrane covered the biomaterials. At 16 weeks, clinical, histological, and radiographic analyses were performed. Results: Three of the six blocks in the srBB group became exposed and fell out during the first week after surgery. Therefore, the remaining three specimens were renamed RsrBB group. The RsrBB group showed an increase horizontal ridge compared to the pristine bone width at 2–4 mm below the CEJ, while the other groups showed resorption (augmented width at 2 mm below: 4.2, 42.4, 36.2, and 110.1% in the control, PBS, csBB, and RsrBB groups, respectively). The mineralized bone area was largest in the RsrBB group (4.74, 3.44, 5.67, and 7.77 mm2 in the control, PBS, csBB, and RsrBB groups, respectively.). Conclusions: The srBB group demonstrated the highest volume stability at the coronal level. These findings would potentially suggest that self‐retaining block bone substitute might be a good candidate for alveolar ridge preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate whether transmucosal healing is as effective as submerged healing in terms of buccal bone regeneration when guided bone regeneration (GBR) is performed simultaneously with implant placement. Materials and Methods: In six dogs, buccal dehiscence defects were created in the edentulous mandibular ridge, sized 5 × 5 × 3 mm (length × height × depth). In each defect, a bone‐level implant was placed, and four experimental groups were randomly assigned as follows: (i) transmucosal healing with GBR (T‐GBR), (ii) transmucosal healing without GBR (T‐control), (iii) submerged healing with GBR (S‐GBR) and (iv) submerged healing without GBR (S‐control). Data analyses were based on histological slides 5 months after implant placement. Results: The T‐GBR group showed significant differences compared to the control groups regarding defect height resolution, buccal bone thickness and mineralized tissue area (p <.05), but showed no significant differences when compared with the S‐GBR group (p >.05). Conclusions: The mode of healing (transmucosal vs. submerged) does not influence bone regeneration at implant sites. The clinician may therefore choose the approach based on further clinical and patient‐specific parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of the study were to (a) identify the dimensions of occupational attributes associated with three levels of formality of business attire worn by male and female workers, (b) examine the differences of the perceived occupational attributes associated with formality of business attire, and (c) assess differences between business and nonbusiness students' perceived occupational attributes of the aforementioned business attire. Statistical analyses of data from 230 women and 88 men showed that there were two dimensions of occupational attributes related to business attire, sociable and powerful appearance. Scores on perceived occupational attributes for formal attire of both men and women were consistently higher than those of semiformal or informal attire. Scores on the perceived occupational attributes of business students were consistently lower than those of nonbusiness students, implying business students' higher expectation of formality of appearance in a business setting. The over-all results indicate that formal business attire gave more positive ratings for all the occupational attributes.

This study investigated the relationships among sex, sex-role, perceived facial attractiveness, social self-esteem, and interest in clothing. Women, compared to men, indicated greater interest in clothing, while there were no significant sex differences on scores of perceived facial attractiveness or social self-esteem. Androgynous women scored higher than the feminine and undifferentiated women on their perceived facial attractiveness, social self-esteem, and interest in clothing. This finding supported the presupposition that androgynous women perceive themselves as having higher scores on social effectiveness and interest in clothing. Scores on perceived facial attractiveness were significantly related to women's and men's scores on social self-esteem and interest in clothing, implying that one's interest in clothing might be interpreted as a form of social skill which is associated with one's social self-esteem and one's facial attractiveness.

To investigate the relative influence developmental and environmental factors have on young children's socialization as consumers 45 verbal preschool children (2 to 5 years) were administered a verbal questionnaire to assess their recognition of 8 consumer symbols. The children's mothers completed a questionnaire concerning their perceptions of their children's identity and the roles media, peers, and siblings play in children's preferences for clothing symbols. Correlations and multiple regression confirmed the presuppositions that joint influences of developmental and environmental factors in socialization of consumers begin at an early age.

The major objectives were (1) to explore working women's perceptions of various apparel brands in the enhancement of their self-perceptions of occupational attributes, (2) to investigate the relationships between working women's self-perceptions of occupational attributes and the perception of each apparel brand image, and (3) to assess the effects of selected consumer variables of working women (clothing interest, age, education, and occupation) on their perceptions of brand-name apparel. The data from 81 working women showed that the well-known apparel brands generally enhanced their occupational attributes. Anne Klein was perceived most positively for enhancement of all the occupational attributes, while Junior House Collectibles was perceived as lowest in enhancement of those attributes. Evan Picone was rated highest in relation to subjects' clothing interest and was perceived most effective in enhancing the subjects' occupational attributes.

Obesity‐induced inflammation occurs not only in peripheral tissues but also in areas of the central nervous system. Glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia play crucial roles in obesity‐related hypothalamic inflammation, leading to the derangement of energy metabolism and neurodegenerative pathologies. Here, we show that the interaction of 4‐1BB/4‐1BBL between lipid‐laden astrocytes/microglia promotes hypothalamic inflammation in obesity. Stimulation of 4‐1BB, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, and/or its ligand 4‐1BBL on astrocytes and/or microglia with a specific agonist resulted in activation of the inflammatory signaling pathway and enhanced production of inflammatory mediators. Contact coculture of lipid‐laden astrocytes and microglia increased the production of inflammatory mediators, and blockade of the 4‐1BB/4‐1BBL interaction reduced the inflammatory response. Moreover, deficiency of 4‐1BB reduced hypothalamic inflammation in obese mice fed an high‐fat diet. These findings suggest that 4‐1BBL/4‐1BB signaling enhances the glial cell‐mediated inflammatory cross talk and participates in obesity‐induced hypothalamic inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major objective of the study was to test the theories of the function of dress that individuals apply to everyday practice. The study examined the extent to which Maslow's theory of motivation is relevant to male and female practice regarding the selection of daily clothes, the order of importance and the attention to clothing functions demonstrated by males and females, and the inter-relationship between the different clothing functions. The study is based on data collected from male and female students at a midwestern university in the month of April. The Friedman two-way ANOVA by ranks revealed that weather function was the single most important clothing function for males which influenced the selection of daily clothing, while social activity was the most important clothing function which influenced females. Females indicated a higher degree of consideration of each clothing function than males. These findings suggest that females tend to dress more for social reasons, are more sensitive to clothing needs and possess a greater degree of clothing awareness than males. The correlation coefficients of clothing function for males and females indicated that there was a high degree of correlation between several clothing functions. The correlation coefficients of clothing functions for females were more consistent than those for males, indicating that females consistently consider several clothing functions concurrently while males do not. This finding conforms with the theory of functions of dress which illustrates the multiple nature of motivation of clothing behaviour and the interdependent characteristics of Maslow's five basic human needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the process of cultural assimilation reflected in the clothing practices of Korean female immigrants and their pre-immigration and post-immigration factors were investigated. This was done by examining the relationships between frequency of wearing western dress over Korean traditional dress, the rate of transition from Korean made dress to American dress, and Korean female immigrants' pre-immigration and post-immigration factors. The data were collected from 219 Korean female immigrants in Chicago during the summer of 1978. The regression analysis revealed that the frequency of usage of western dress over Korean traditional dress was more significantly related to the pre-immigration factors than the post-immigration factors. The transition from Korean made dress to American dress was found to be more significantly related to the post-immigration factors than the pre-immigration factors. This finding suggests that the sudden change of cultural environment has a definite impact on the abandonment of Korean traditional dress and transition from Korean made western dress to American dress. The finding also leads to the conclusion that the usage of traditional dress is more affected by the nature of occasions, special versus non-special, than the difference of social contacts between Korean and American. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the daily clothing selection from the perspective of consumer decision process by (1) testing the actual existence ofexogenous and endogenous dimensions of situational influence and clothing orientation of individual influence affecting the selection of daily clothing using factor analysis; (2) testing the hypothesis that, in the case of daily clothing selection, situational influence is mostly exogenous in nature; and (3) pilot testing the situational and individual influences on three different female populations of college, professional, and suburban/nonworking women.Three different female populations which consisted of 385 college women, 62 professional women, and 65 suburban/nonworking women were surveyed to determine the difference in emphasis placed on situational and individual influences. The result of the principal axis factor analysis indicated that the situational influences which affect one's selection of daily clothing are mostly exogenous in nature. The exogenous factor of situational influence possessed the highestfactor loadings and greatest numberof variables. Research also indicated that the endogenous clothing variables measured the self-enhancement aspect of human behavior related to clothing. Results of analysis of variance and the Scheffe' test suggested that the three groups of women differed in the degree of influence they received from three factors. The exogenous factor of situational influence and clothing orientation of individual influence affected the studentgroup the most for the selection ofdaily clothing while the endogenous factor influenced the suburban group the most. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this investigation was to test the interrelationships among motivating factors that influence an individual's daily selection of clothes. The motivating factors were classified in two ways. First, they were broken into temporal clothing functions (weather, social activity, practicality, mood, and physical self), and constant factors such as clothing orientation and personality dimensions. Instruments for temporal clothing functions and clothing orientation were developed by the experimentor. Four sub-scales of Shostrom's Personality Orientation Inventory (POI) (Spontaneity, Self-Actualization, Self Regard, and Feeling Reactivity) were adopted for the instrument of personality dimensions. These motivating factors were also classified into exogenous factors (weather, social activity, practicality, and physical self) and endogenous factors (mood, clothing orientation, and personality dimensions).The final survey, consisting of three major sections, was administered to 105 female students in a midwestern university. Multiple regression analysis, analysis of variance, and Spearman's correlation were used for the statistical analyses.The results of the statistical analyses indicated that there was a varying degree of correlation between the five temporal clothing functions and the clothing orientation factors. The multiple regression results of the five temporal clothing functions and the four sub-scales of the POI indicated that the coefficients of the "spontaneity" sub-scale were significant for the weather and social activity functions, but not significant for the other temporal clothing functions. Three other sub-scales of the POI showed no bearing on any of the five temporal clothing functions. The multiple regression analysis to test the relationships between exogenous and endogenous factors indicated that mood function (representative of endogenous factors) was significantly influenced (affected) by the weather and physical self functions. The findings in general concur with the presupposition that motivation for clothing selection was multidimensional in its characteristics and the factors were all interdependent. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective Materials and Methods Results Conclusion To investigate the early impact of plaque accumulation in a buccal dehiscence defect on peri‐implant marginal bone resorption.In six male Mongrel dogs, four dental implants were placed in the posterior maxilla on both sides (two implants per side). Based on the group allocation, each implant was randomly assigned to one of the following four groups to decide whether buccal dehiscence defect was prepared and whether silk ligation was applied at 8 weeks post‐implant placement for peri‐implantitis induction: UC (no defect without ligation); UD (defect without ligation); LC (no defect with ligation); and LD (defect with ligation) groups. Eight weeks after disease induction, the outcomes from radiographic and histologic analyses were statistically analyzed (p < .05).Based on radiographs, the exposed area of implant threads was smallest in group UC (p < .0083). Based on histology, both the distances from the implant platform to the first bone‐to‐implant contact point and to the bone crest were significantly longer in the LD group (p < .0083). In the UD group, some spontaneous bone fill occurred from the base of the defect at 8 weeks after implant placement. The apical extension of inflammatory cell infiltrate was significantly more prominent in the LD and LC groups compared to the UC group (p < .0083).Plaque accumulated on the exposed implant surface had a negative impact on maintaining the peri‐implant marginal bone level, especially when there was a dehiscence defect around the implant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this experimental in vivo pilot study was to evaluate the effect of the local delivery of pamidronate within a collagen membrane on the changes in the buccal soft and hard tissue dimensions at the time of immediate implant placement and whether this effect was influenced by the placement of bone substitutes., Methods: In six beagle dogs, the distal roots of the third and fourth premolars were extracted, and immediate implants were placed. Treatment groups were randomly allocated to each socket: (i) covering the buccal bone with pamidronate-soaked collagen membrane (BP group), (ii) filling the gap defect with synthetic bone substitute (BS group), (iii) filling the gap defect with synthetic bone substitute and covering the buccal bone with pamidronate soaked collagen membrane (BP/BS group), (iv) no treatment (control group). Intraoral scanning was performed immediately after the surgery and at 20 weeks. Histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography (CT) outcomes were evaluated at 20 weeks., Results: The micro CT analysis demonstrated that the BP group showed no apparent difference in vertical bone level with residual mesial root area, while control group showed significant buccal bone resorption at the implant site. The histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that the vertical bone level of buccal plate was significantly differed between the BP and control group (0.34 ± 0.93 and 1.27 ± 0.56 mm, respectively; p = .041). There was no statistically significant difference in the horizontal ridge width (HRW 1, 2, 3) among the groups. Also, the thickness, height and buccal contours of the soft tissue did not reveal significant changes among the groups., Conclusion: The local delivery of pamidronate to the outer surface of the buccal wall at the time of immediate implant placement effectively limits buccal bone resorption. The results from the present investigation should be interpreted with caution, as well as its clinical translatability. Further investigation is needed to understand the pamidronate binding and releasing kinetic, as well as the ideal carrier of this drug for its topical application., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Periodontal Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of membrane fixation and combinations of bone substitute materials and barrier membranes on horizontal bone regeneration in peri-implant defects. Eight mongrel dogs underwent chronic buccal peri-implant dehiscence defects creation and were randomized into 4 groups: (a) deproteinized bovine bone mineral 1 (DBBM1) with a native collagen membrane (CM) (BB group, positive control group), (b) DBBM1 with native CM and 2 fixation pins (BBP group), (c) DBBM2 with a cross-linked CM (XC group), and (d) DBBM2 with cross-linked CM and 2 fixation pins (XCP group). Following 16 weeks of healing, tissues were radiographically and histomorphometrically analyzed. The total augmented area was significantly larger in the BBP, XC, and XCP groups compared to the BB group (4.27 ± 3.21, 7.17 ± 7.23, and 6.91 ± 5.45 mm 2 versus 1.35 ± 1.28 mm 2 , respectively; P = 0.022). No significant difference for the augmented tissue thickness was observed among the 4 groups. The augmented tissue thickness measured at 3 mm below the implant shoulder was higher in BBP, XC, and XCP than that in BB (2.43 ± 1.53, 2.62 ± 1.80, and 3.18 ± 1.96 mm versus 0.80 ± 0.90 mm, respectively), trending toward significance ( P = 0.052). DBBM2 and a cross-linked CM were significantly more favorable for horizontal bone regeneration compared to DBBM1 and a native CM. However, when DBBM1 and a native CM were secured with fixation pins, outcomes were similar. The addition of pins did not lead to more favorable outcomes when a cross-linked CM was used., (Copyright © 2024 Jeong-Won Paik et al.)

Purpose: Placing dental implants in areas with low bone density or in conditions where bone healing is suppressed is challenging for clinicians. An experiment using a rodent model was performed with the aim of determining the efficacy of host modulation by increasing the systemic level of cholesterol sulfate (CS) using Irosustat in the context of the bone healing process around dental implants., Methods: In 16 ovariectomised female Sprague-Dawley rats, 2 implant fixtures were placed in the tibial bones (1 fixture on each side). At 1 week after surgery, the high-CS group (n=8) received Irosustat-mixed feed, while the control group (n=8) was fed conventionally. Block specimens were obtained at 5 weeks post-surgery for histologic analysis and the data were evaluated statistically ( P <0.05)., Results: Unlike the high-CS group, half of the specimens in the control group demonstrated severe bone resorption along with a periosteal reaction in the cortex. The mean percentages of bone-to-implant contact (21.5%) and bone density (28.1%) near the implant surface were significantly higher in the high-CS group than in the control group ( P <0.05), as was the number of Haversian canals (by 5.3)., Conclusions: Host modulation by increasing the CS level may enhance the osseointegration of dental implants placed under conditions of impaired bone healing., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (Copyright © 2024. Korean Academy of Periodontology.)

Pre-vascularization has been receiving significant attention for developing implantable engineered 3D tissues. While various pre-vascularization techniques have been developed to improve graft vascularization, the effect of pre-vascularized patterns on in vivo neo-vessel formation has not been studied. In this study, we developed a functional pre-vascularized construct that significantly promotes graft vascularization and conducted in vivo evaluations of the micro-vascular patterns ( μ VPs) in various printed designs. μ VP formation, composed of high-density capillaries, was induced by the co-printing of endothelial cells and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). We implanted the printed constructs with various μ VP designs into a murine femoral arteriovenous bundle model and evaluated graft vascularization via 3D visualization and immune-histological analysis of the neo-vessels. The μ VP-distal group ( μ VP located away from the host vessel) showed approximately two-fold improved neo-vascularization compared to the μ VP-proximal group ( μ VP located near the host vessel). Additionally, we confirmed that the μ VP-distal group can generate the angiogenic factor gradient spatial environment for graft vascularization via computational simulations. Based on these results, the ADSC mono pattern (AMP), which secretes four times higher angiogenic factors than μ VP, was added to the μ VP + AMP group design. The μ VP + AMP group showed approximately 1.5- and 1.9-fold higher total sprouted neo-vessel volume than the μ VP only and AMP only groups, respectively. In immunohistochemical staining analysis, the μ VP + AMP group showed two-fold improved density and diameter of the matured neo-vessels. To summarize, these findings demonstrate graft vascularization accelerated due to design optimization of our pre-vascularized constructs. We believe that the developed pre-vascularization printing technique will facilitate new possibilities for the upscaling of implantable engineered tissues/organs., (© 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd.)