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2. Parent-Reported Suicidal Ideation in Three Population-Based Samples of School-Aged Korean Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire Screen Positivity

Author

Bal, Vanessa H, Leventhal, Bennett L, Carter, Gregory, Kim, Hosanna, Koh, Yun-Joo, Ha, Mina, Kwon, Ho-Jang, Hong, Patricia, and Kim, Young Shin

Subjects
Psychology, Pediatric, Brain Disorders, Behavioral and Social Science, Pediatric Research Initiative, Mental Health, Autism, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Depression, Prevention, Mental health, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autistic Disorder, Child, Humans, Mass Screening, Republic of Korea, Suicidal Ideation, Anxiety, ASD, ASP, epidemiological sample, suicidality, Health sciences
Abstract

ObjectivesHigher prevalence of suicidality has been reported in individuals with ASD. This study aimed to (1) Estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) in epidemiologically-ascertained, population-based, samples of children with ASD or Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) Screen Positivity (ASP); (2) Determine whether ASD/ASP is an independent risk factor for SI, controlling for known SI risk factors; and, (3) Develop an explanatory model for SI in children with ASD/ASP.MethodsParticipants came from three epidemiologically-ascertained samples of school-aged Korean children (n = 14,423; 3,702; 4,837). ASSQ ≥ 14 was the cutoff for ASP. A subsample (n = 86) was confirmed to have ASD. SI was based on parents' endorsement of items on the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2-Parent Report Scale-Children. Logistic regressions were used to assess associations between SI and ASD/ASP, controlling for demographics, peer victimization, behavior problems, and depression. To develop an explanatory model for SI within ASD/ASP, the associations between SI and child characteristics (comorbid conditions, ASD symptoms, IQ, adaptive function) were tested.ResultsSI was higher in children with ASD (14%) and ASP (16.6-27.4%) than ASSQ Screen Negative (ASN) peers (3.4-6.9%). ASD/ASP was strongly predictive of SI (ORs: 2.87-5.67), after controlling for known SI risk factors compared to ASN. Within the ASD and ASP groups, anxiety was the strongest predictor of SI.ConclusionsSI prevalence was higher in non-clinical samples of children with ASD and ASP, relative to ASN peers. These results underscore the need for routine screening for SI in children with ASD and social difficulties, particularly those with high anxiety. HighlightsPopulation-based, epidemiologically-ascertained, school-aged childrenASD and ASP are independent risk factors for SI in school-aged childrenAnxiety is an independent risk factor for SI in children with ASD or ASP.

Published
2022

3. Prenatal exposure to paternal smoking and likelihood for autism spectrum disorder

Author

Kim, Bora, Ha, Mina, Kim, Young Shin, Koh, Yun-Joo, Dong, Shan, Kwon, Ho-Jang, Kim, Young-Suk, Lim, Myung-Ho, Paik, Ki-Chung, Yoo, Seung-Jin, Kim, Hosanna, Hong, Patricia S, Sanders, Stephan J, and Leventhal, Bennett L

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Behavioral and Social Science, Autism, Pediatric, Genetics, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Tobacco, Mental Health, Prevention, Brain Disorders, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Reproductive health and childbirth, Mental health, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Causality, Family, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Smoking, autism spectrum disorders, environmental factors, risk factor epidemiology, Specialist Studies in Education, Cognitive Sciences, Developmental & Child Psychology, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Lay abstractWhat is Already Known about This Subject: Genetics, (including de novo mutations), environmental factors (including toxic exposures), and their interactions impact autism spectrum disorder etiology. Paternal smoking is a candidate risk for autism spectrum disorder due to biological plausibility, high prevalence, and potential intervention.What This Study Adds: This original study and its replication confirms that paternal factors can substantially contribute to autism spectrum disorder risk for their offspring. It specifically indicates that paternal smoking both before and during pregnancy contributes significantly to autism spectrum disorder risk.Implications for practice, research, or policy: Smoking prevention, especially in pregnancy planning, may decrease autism spectrum disorder risk in offspring.

Published
2021

30. Associations of cold exposure with hospital admission and mortality due to acute kidney injury:A nationwide time-series study in Korea

Author

Kim, Kyoung Nam, Shin, Moon Kyung, Lim, Youn Hee, Bae, Sanghyuk, Kim, Jong Hun, Hwang, Seung Sik, Kim, Mi Ji, Oh, Jongmin, Lim, Hyungryul, Choi, Jonghyuk, Kwon, Ho Jang, Kim, Kyoung Nam, Shin, Moon Kyung, Lim, Youn Hee, Bae, Sanghyuk, Kim, Jong Hun, Hwang, Seung Sik, Kim, Mi Ji, Oh, Jongmin, Lim, Hyungryul, Choi, Jonghyuk, and Kwon, Ho Jang

Abstract

Background Emerging evidence supports an association between heat exposure and acute kidney injury (AKI). However, there is a paucity of studies on the association between cold exposure and AKI. Objective We aimed to investigate the associations of cold exposure with hospital admission and mortality due to AKI and to explore whether these associations were influenced by age and sex. Methods Information on daily counts of hospital admission and mortality due to AKI in 16 regions of Korea during the cold seasons (2010–2019) was obtained from the National Health Insurance Service (a single national insurer providing universal health coverage) and Statistics Korea. Daily mean temperature and relative humidity were calculated from hourly data obtained from 94 monitoring systems operated by the Korean Meteorological Administration. Associations of low temperatures (<10th percentile of daily mean temperature) and cold spells (≥2 consecutive days with <5th percentile of daily mean temperature) up to 21 days with AKI were estimated using quasi-Poisson regression models adjusted for potential confounders (e.g., relative humidity and air pollutants) with distributed lag models and univariate meta-regression models. Results Low temperatures were associated with hospital admission due to AKI [relative risk (RR) = 1.12, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.16]. Cold spells were associated with hospital admission (RR = 1.87, 95 % CI: 1.46, 2.39) and mortality due to AKI (RR = 4.84, 95 % CI: 1.30, 17.98). These associations were stronger among individuals aged ≥65 years than among those aged <65 years. Conclusion Our results underscore the need for the general population, particularly the elderly, physicians, and other healthcare providers to be more vigilant to cold exposure, given the risk of AKI. Government agencies need to develop specific strategies for the prevention and early detection of cold exposure-relate, Background: Emerging evidence supports an association between heat exposure and acute kidney injury (AKI). However, there is a paucity of studies on the association between cold exposure and AKI. Objective: We aimed to investigate the associations of cold exposure with hospital admission and mortality due to AKI and to explore whether these associations were influenced by age and sex. Methods: Information on daily counts of hospital admission and mortality due to AKI in 16 regions of Korea during the cold seasons (2010–2019) was obtained from the National Health Insurance Service (a single national insurer providing universal health coverage) and Statistics Korea. Daily mean temperature and relative humidity were calculated from hourly data obtained from 94 monitoring systems operated by the Korean Meteorological Administration. Associations of low temperatures (<10th percentile of daily mean temperature) and cold spells (≥2 consecutive days with <5th percentile of daily mean temperature) up to 21 days with AKI were estimated using quasi-Poisson regression models adjusted for potential confounders (e.g., relative humidity and air pollutants) with distributed lag models and univariate meta-regression models. Results: Low temperatures were associated with hospital admission due to AKI [relative risk (RR) = 1.12, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.16]. Cold spells were associated with hospital admission (RR = 1.87, 95 % CI: 1.46, 2.39) and mortality due to AKI (RR = 4.84, 95 % CI: 1.30, 17.98). These associations were stronger among individuals aged ≥65 years than among those aged <65 years. Conclusion: Our results underscore the need for the general population, particularly the elderly, physicians, and other healthcare providers to be more vigilant to cold exposure, given the risk of AKI. Government agencies need to develop specific strategies for the prevention and early detection of cold exposure-related AKI.

Published
2023

35. Impact of Radiofrequency Exposure From Mobile Phones on the Risk of Developing Brain Tumors in Korean and Japanese Adolescents: A MOBI-Kids Case-control Study

Author

Kojimahara, Noriko, primary, Lee, Yong-Han, additional, Lee, Ae-Kyoung, additional, Bae, Sanghyuk, additional, Kwon, Ho-Jang, additional, Ha, Mina, additional, Sato, Yasuto, additional, Taki, Masao, additional, Wiart, Joe, additional, Langer, C.E., additional, and Cardis, Elisabeth, additional

Published
2023
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41. Parent-Reported Suicidal Ideation in Three Population-Based Samples of School-Aged Korean Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire Screen Positivity

Author

Bal, Vanessa H., Leventhal, Bennett L., Carter, Gregory, Child, Cert, Kim, Hosanna, Koh, Yun-Joo, Ha, Mina, Kwon, Ho-Jang, Hong, Patricia, and Kim, Young Shin

Subjects
Pediatric Research Initiative, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Autism, suicidality, Population based, Anxiety, ASD, Article, Suicidal Ideation, ASP, Behavioral and Social Science, Republic of Korea, mental disorders, medicine, Psychology, Humans, Mass Screening, Autistic Disorder, Child, Suicidal ideation, Pediatric, School age child, Depression, business.industry, Prevention, epidemiological sample, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, Screening questionnaire, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Mental Health, Autism spectrum disorder, medicine.symptom, business, Clinical psychology
Abstract

ObjectivesHigher prevalence of suicidality has been reported in individuals with ASD. This study aimed to (1) Estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) in epidemiologically-ascertained, population-based, samples of children with ASD or Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) Screen Positivity (ASP); (2) Determine whether ASD/ASP is an independent risk factor for SI, controlling for known SI risk factors; and, (3) Develop an explanatory model for SI in children with ASD/ASP.MethodsParticipants came from three epidemiologically-ascertained samples of school-aged Korean children (n = 14,423; 3,702; 4,837). ASSQ ≥ 14 was the cutoff for ASP. A subsample (n = 86) was confirmed to have ASD. SI was based on parents' endorsement of items on the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2-Parent Report Scale-Children. Logistic regressions were used to assess associations between SI and ASD/ASP, controlling for demographics, peer victimization, behavior problems, and depression. To develop an explanatory model for SI within ASD/ASP, the associations between SI and child characteristics (comorbid conditions, ASD symptoms, IQ, adaptive function) were tested.ResultsSI was higher in children with ASD (14%) and ASP (16.6-27.4%) than ASSQ Screen Negative (ASN) peers (3.4-6.9%). ASD/ASP was strongly predictive of SI (ORs: 2.87-5.67), after controlling for known SI risk factors compared to ASN. Within the ASD and ASP groups, anxiety was the strongest predictor of SI.ConclusionsSI prevalence was higher in non-clinical samples of children with ASD and ASP, relative to ASN peers. These results underscore the need for routine screening for SI in children with ASD and social difficulties, particularly those with high anxiety. HighlightsPopulation-based, epidemiologically-ascertained, school-aged childrenASD and ASP are independent risk factors for SI in school-aged childrenAnxiety is an independent risk factor for SI in children with ASD or ASP.

Published
2021

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