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In this article, we discuss the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic as a biopolitical challenge that – along the lines of the contemporary academic debate on biopower – may be approached through the concepts of sovereignty and governmentality. Within this general framework, the authors look at the challenges Russia faces due to the corona crisis from the viewpoint of domestic transformations within the ruling regime, mainly focusing on centre-periphery relations as a core element of the power structure in Russia that demands a stronger emphasis on governmentality. We outline several forms of regions’ distancing from the federal centre: digital empowerment, the resistance of the North, and the demand for “people’s governors”. Our main conclusion is that the relative administrative autonomy obtained by the regions reflects the ongoing process of decentralization of the Russian political system, which will affect the structural characteristics of Russian federalism in the future.

The article examines the author’s stance in the fiction “frame” staging that contributes to the expression of the main intentions of the author and determines the direction of the meanings decoding in the text space. The relevance of the research is due to the growing interest in modality in recent decades as a communicative, pragmatic and semantic category that determines the linguistic and stylistic features of a literary text and manifests components of the author’s “picture of the world”. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the pragmatic and semantic features of the author’s stance in the fiction “frame” staging. The research methods are applied to the object of research in a comprehensive manner, with the priority choice being the transformation method, the deductive and inductive method, the pragma-semantic analysis of modal linguistic units of multi-level affiliation, contextual analysis, and the method of philological interpretation. The functioning of the authorial stance is conditioned by a complex of author’s intentions, both explicit and implicit. The inclusion of the narrative about the events of a person’s life in the fiction “frame” staging allows us to interpret such events as universally symbolic. In the course of the research, it was found that the “frame” of the story “Hadji Murad” by L.N. Tolstoy is characterized by the active use of the pronoun I in the implementation of the narrative in the first person, which contributes to the creation of near and far perspectives of the text; introductory words, verbs of thought, memories and recognition act as markers of the authorial stance; landscape descriptions also realize the aesthetic function, organized antithetically. The actualization of the author’s stance in the fiction “frame” staging occurs on the basis of the correlation of the meanings of framed and framing texts, which allows us to identify the abstracting nature of the “frame” as a compositional component: its main function is not so much the reader’s emotional attitude towards the main text “inserted” into this “frame”, as a reflection of the author’s attitude to problems and ideas implicated in the semantic space of a literary text.

The paper presents the results of the study of social intelligence in order to identify its features as a resource for reducing biopsychological age in pensioners studying under the programmes of the Moscow Longevity Project. Modern ideas about social intelligence are analysed. Social intelligence is understood as an acquired ability that allows a person to better recognise and understand other people, to act wisely in human relations. The study involved 20 pensioners participating in educational programmes “Moscow Longevity” (average age - 64.4 years). The following methods were used: Guilford Social Intelligence Test (J. Guilford, M. O’Sullivan); complex methodology of diagnostics of biopsychological age (compiled by T.N. Berezina); questionnaire “Resource areas» (by T.N. Berezina). For data processing, the methods of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis by Spearman’s criterion were used. The results show that in pensioners of this sample, the ability to understand the logic of development of interaction situations and the meaning of human behaviour in these situations (“History with additions”) determines the reduction of biological age and indicators of developmental ageing. Indicators of social intelligence are related to the resources of life activity organisation: pensioners are more often involved in intellectual pursuits in various fields of science and technology, less often use humour, communication with others, spiritual practices and self-improvement, and do not seek risky behaviour. The results obtained contribute to the ideas about the relationship between social intelligence and the characteristics of biopsychological ageing and the organisation of resource areas of life activities of the participants in educational programmes of the Moscow Longevity Project.

This study assessed how web-based information affects parental trust in physician's diagnosis of autism (PDA) and likelihood of seeking a second opinion. Participants of an online survey were randomly allocated to one of three hypothetical scenarios, all were given a vignette of a non-verbal 18-month-old child followed by (1) not viewing Internet results, (2) viewing results suggesting autism, or (3) viewing results suggesting language delay and rated their trust and likelihood of seeking a second opinion. When Internet results contradicted PDA, parents reported less trust in PDA and greater likelihood of seeking a second opinion. Due to the Internet's influence on parents' response to PDA, clinicians should discuss their differential diagnosis with parents, address Internet-related concerns, and recommend trustworthy sources.

The HIV epidemic continues to expand in Russia, with suboptimal levels of care uptake. This qualitative study aimed to characterize social capital resources and lived stigma experiences, coping, and disclosure among care-nonadherent men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV in Russia. Twenty-five HIV-positive MSM – recruited online – completed in-depth interviews over Zoom, with data analyzed using MAXQDA software. Stigma was more likely to be encountered in interactions with persons with whom social ties were weaker such as medical providers and relatives, particularly males. Close friends – often other HIV-positive MSM and female relatives – were the most supportive and least stigmatizing. Similar persons were most often considered for HIV serostatus disclosure. Coping strategies to reduce the impact of stigma included ignoring stigmatizing experiences, seeking support from members of one's social circle, minimizing contact with stigmatizing persons, seeking new relationships with persons who are also HIV-positive, proactively reducing stigma through involvement in advocacy roles, and correcting myths and educating others about HIV infection. These findings underscore the need for interventions to assist HIV-positive MSM in building accepting social capital resources to reduce the impact of stigma and to build support within their social networks, often with other HIV-positive MSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate mutations associated with, the causes of, and the conditions that contribute to HIV drug resistance (DR). This research provides crucial insights into the mechanisms through which HIV evades antiretroviral drugs and suggests strategies to counter this phenomenon. Our objective was to assess the prevalence and structure of DR in HIV‐1 across various regions in Russia and identify the primary factors influencing the development of HIV DR. Methods: The study used nucleotide sequences from the HIV‐1 pol gene obtained from 1369 patients with a history of therapy and virological failure between 2005 and 2019 to analyze the frequency and structure of DR and the factors associated with it. Results: The analysed HIV‐1 genotypes included viruses resistant to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs; 11.8%), non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs; 6.4%), and NRTIs + NNRTIs (31.7%). The mutations M184V/I and G190A/S/E were the most prevalent, accounting for 54.5% and 26.6%, respectively. The dominance of multiple DR persisted throughout the entire observation period. The likelihood of encountering drug‐resistant variants was increased among men, patients in the late stage of infection, and those with a viral load <30 000 RNA copies/mL. Injection drug use was not associated with DR. Conclusion: This study has yielded new insights into HIV DR in Russia, offering valuable information to identify clinical or programmatic events warranting closer attention and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the genre in the postmodern paradigm, which determines the vector of aesthetic cognition both in literary criticism and in the reader’s perception. The game was actualized in the literature and art of the second half of the 20th century both at the thematic and at the structural-compositional level, which in general becomes the basis for the formation of play poetics and the strengthening of genre syncretism in postmodernism. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to identify those factors that determine the peculiarities of the world perception and attitude to the world, inherent in postmodern authors, and determine the parameters of aesthetic cognition. A deviation from the canon of the genre becomes aesthetically significant for postmodernism: genre features that do not have a high degree of static are able to activate reflexive-interpretive activity in relation to the work or the work of the writer as a whole. The purpose of the article is to describe the specifics of postmodern aesthetic cognition from the standpoint of understanding the genre as a game in it, using the example of the implementation of elements of play poetics in Neil Gaiman’s literary tale «Stardust» (1997). Using the background knowledge of the reader, updating cultural codes, postmodernity contributes to the process of updating genre forms in the world literary process, and play, as a leading principle of creative activity in the postmodern paradigm, appears as an activity carried out according to rules that do not limit the author’s creative potential and allow full to present his intentions in the work. Thus, Neil Gaiman in his novel «Stardust» consistently and organically deconstructs all genre features of a fairy tale, which, nevertheless, clarifies its philosophical problematics and allows multidimensional expansion of the horizons of aesthetic cognition.

The article is devoted to the main semantic and text-forming mechanism for organizing a literary text - the topos of irony from the standpoint of establishing its role in the reception and interpretation of the postmodern worldview embodied in such a text. Since reality is not conceived of postmodernly outside of the language (text), the need for receptive competence and the handling of information defined by a specific area of ​​communication and possessing accuracy increases. The recipient focuses only on the necessary part of the information flow, so the text is the basis of the methodology of world perception. Cultural codes and cultural competencies acquire the properties of regulatory mechanisms capable of selecting perceived facts. The relevance of the article consists in establishing those correlative relationships and factors that determine the reception and interpretation of the postmodern literary text. These factors include topos of irony, the correct decoding of which is due to presuppositions characteristic of the representative of a particular socio-linguistic and cultural collective. All postmodern literary texts are characterized by a playful character, which, in turn, now determines the foundation of artistic creativity in general, and not just those texts that put comic or only satire as part of the comic in the center of the art world, determining their aesthetic tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine the ontological status of the topos of irony in the receptive-interpretative space of the postmodern literary text. The topos of irony in the postmodern literary text is the textual and style-forming principle of the aesthetic practice of a particular author, the purpose of which is to engage the recipient in the dialogue, co-creation in receptive and interpretive activities, “unrolling” the literary text itself in the coordinates of the ironic and game scenario. Since irony is a kind of intellectual provocation that allows the author to identify “his” reader, there is also the need to consider the topos of irony in relation to the specifics of a socio-linguistic and cultural collective.

In the article the modality of a literary text is studied from the standpoint of identifying markers of consciousness of the “speaking subject” in it, which, thanks to the narrative approach, allow to thematize life, establish correlations of events and their general configuration. The relevance of the undertaken research is determined by the anthropocentrism of modern linguistics, as well as the heuristic potential of narratology, which allows us to consider the author’s modality as the basis for the organization of the individual author’s picture of the world. The purpose of this article is to identify the means of realizing the author’s modality in primesearchteam and narrative aspects. The research methodology is determined by the multidimensionality of the chosen object and includes the method of transformation, deductive-inductive method, cognitive-semantic and pragmasemantic analysis of modal linguistic units of multilevel belonging, contextual analysis, method of logical-linguistic and philological interpretation. The analysis suggests that the author’s modality in a literary text is the result of cognitive-pragmatic activity of the subject of reference and the subject of evaluation. These subjects can be combined in one-the author or in his compositional “substitutes” (narrator, narrator, characters). Therefore, modality as a textual category is studied at the intersection of two problem areas – the identification of the subject represented in the text (the aspect of the referential modality) and the actual modal problems (the aspect of the subjective-evaluative modality). The text modality is studied in dynamics. That way of its consideration allows to reveal and describe the potential of semantic transformations in the process of interaction of the components of a literary text in its receptive-interpretative space. The author’s modality is implemented at the lexical, grammatical, syntactic levels, in the coordinates of the characters ‘ characteristics; it influences the segmentation of the utterance in terms of the allocation of its predicative and relational segments, thereby focusing the attention of the addressee on specific text fragments. At the textual level, the author’s modality is also manifested by various means: these are the author’s digressions, metatextual inclusions, indirect characteristics, dialogicity.

This article was written within the educational project “The Virtual Museum of Writers of the Southern Urals” of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “South Ural State University (national research university)”. The purpose of the museum is to identify and demonstrate the enormous literary potential of the Southern Urals. This article is based on the material of the creative work of the poets of Chelyabinsk, since they are the key personnel of the virtual museum. The purpose of the article is to investigate current literary tendencies related to the regional text phenomenon (mythologization of urban space, urbanism, autobiography of poetry) in the works of three generations of modern poetry of Chelyabinsk: older, middle and younger. The image of regional climatic features and landscape features is one of the current thematic trends for those older Chelyabinsk poets who continue the traditions of classical and Soviet poetry. At the same time, such emblematic figures of the regional literary process as N.F. Boldyrev, V.O. Kalpidi continue the avant-garde traditions, are engaged in the search for new forms of expression in poetry. So, N.F. Boldyrev experiments with genres of oriental lyrics (haiku), V.O. Kalpidi - with the synthesis of different genres and literature directions. The peculiarity of the poetry of the Chelyabinsk authors of the middle generation is the confession and autobiography associated with a specific locus - Chelyabinsk. Most poets of the middle generation entered the literary life in the 90s, which was reflected in their poetics in the image of chaotic and absurd everyday reality. In the description of the Chelyabinsk space, the authors of the middle generation (A. Samoilov, J. Grants) inherit the Lianozovo school tradition of capturing the life of the suburbs, minimalism and aestheticism of the authors of the Lianozovo group. For the younger generation (A. Manichenko, D. Masharygin, E. Obolikshta, R. Yapishin) the cosmopolitan myth becomes an actual tendency, in which the lyrical hero moves in the intertextual space uniting a multitude of cultural texts