Search

Introduction. The paper substantiates the relevance of creating and improving digital tools for complex scientific research and development work based on the information model of a construction object at all stages of the life cycle. The research focuses on environmentally safe (green) construction in the northern and Arctic regions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate a set of criteria for “green” for the northern and Arctic regions of the Russian Federation on the basis of logically interrelated models: a design model, a full-scale model, mathematical models and a digital twin model. The main criteria include energy efficiency and environmental safety of buildings.Materials and methods. The objects of the study are two twin buildings designed and built according to the programme of scientific research in the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk region. The objects are identical, but the conditions of their functioning are different. The methodology of complex scientific research for each stage of the life cycle of objects is proposed. The methods of comparative analysis and the method of expert assessments were used, as well as the methods presented in the normative and technical documents of the technical regulation system of the Russian Federation related to the technological aspects of construction.Results. Four groups of basic construction criteria for the northern and Arctic regions of the Russian Federation are defined: external environment; internal environment; materials and technologies; energy efficiency. The Research Information Model (RIM) was developed as a tool for comprehensive scientific research in the field of construction technologies in the northern and Arctic regions. The practical implementation of the results of the study at the two above-mentioned facilities, including digital monitoring of the condition of the facilities for two years (2021–2023), is considered. Prospects for the continuation of the research are determined.Conclusions. The necessity of the development is justified and the expediency of using the developed information model of research is confirmed by the example of two constructed objects. The experience of using the main blocks of the model and digital monitoring of the condition of objects for two years has confirmed the expediency of using information modelling and continuing research to improve construction technologies in the northern and Arctic regions.

The following problem is solved by the present research: the probable sources of Paleozoic hydrocarbon deposits are determined on the basis of modeling the hydrocarbon foci of generation Paleozoic-Mesozoic oil source formations (for example, the southeast of Western Siberia, Tomsk Region). The research area is the lands Ostanino field group: the Selveikin area of deep drilling, the Ostaninskoye and Gerasimovskoye oil and gas condensate fields. Pre-Jurassic strata with oil source potential, including the Paleozoic Larinskaya (S1 lr), Mirnaya (D1 3 mr), Chuzikskaya (D2 cz), Chaginskaya (D3 cg) and Kehoregskaya (C1 kh) formations, as well as Jurassic Bazhenovskaya (J3 bg) and Tyumenskaya (J1-2tm ) formations, and, accordingly, the reservoirs of the weathering crust and bed-rock Paleozoic reservoirs are the objects of study. The subject of analysis was selected in accordance with the concept of the geothermal regime of the subsoil, as a leading factor in the implementation of the generation potential of the parent sediments. The research methods are digital paleotemperature modeling and historical-geological analysis.The results and conclusions concerning the fundamental problems of “Paleozoic oil” are obtained. 1. Source of the Paleozoic oil deposits can be both the Domanic type rocks of the Paleozoic formations and the Jurassic oil source formations. Thus, both upward vertical interstratal HC migration and downward HC migration can take place. Therefore, the two concepts of “main source” are compatible and should not be considered, as often, orthodoxly alternative. 2. The domanicoid rocks of the Paleozoic formations are most likely the source for Paleozoic gas and gas condensate deposits. 3. Paleozoic formations the roof of the bed-rock Paleozoic (on the Ostankinskaya group of fields – C1 kh and D3 cg) can be only the source of the «Paleozoic oil» and gas deposits in the PreJurassic oil and gas complex. 4. Bazhenov formation – J3 bg may be the “Jurassic” source of oil deposits in the Pre-Jurassic oil and gas complex. The results were obtained and conclusions were drawn concerning the applied (search) aspects of the problem: 1. Results additionally substantiate the author’s search criterion for the oil and gas content of the Paleozoic – these are anomalous geophysical and petrophysical characteristics of the Jurassic section. 2. The absence of hydrocarbon deposits in the Jurassic section is most likely a negative sign of the Paleozoic oil and gas content. 4. The low density of the modern heat flow (less than 40 mW/m2 ) is most likely a negative sign of oil deposits in the Paleozoic. 3. High paleotemperatures in terms of VR (more than 175o C) are most likely a negative sign of oil and gas deposits in the Paleozoic. 4. Reasons have been obtained to state that oil deposits in the Paleozoic cannot be richer than oil deposits in the Jurassic.

The goal of the article was to analyze the mineral resource base of hydrocarbons of zones promising for the discovery of hydrocarbon deposits, located mainly on the periphery of the territory of the Khanty-Mansy Autonomous Okrug – Ugra. The second, no less important goal was to analyze the efficiency of exploration work in Ugra. Sites of subsurface resources were identified, for which an assessment of the resource base of pre-Jurassic formations and sedimentary cover was given. The most promising prospecting zones in terms of the state of reserves and resources are proposed for their inclusion in the licensing programs of the subsoil fund at the expense of all sources of funding. Information about the prospects for the preparation of «new» oil reserves through exploration drilling is given.This work is the result of the authors’ own research, including a retrospective analysis of unpublished material and available material of the V.I. Shpilman Research and Analytical Centre for the Rational Use of the Subsoil and the Department of Subsurface Management & Natural Resources of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra geological and on this topic for the history of discovery and development of subsoil West Siberian oil and gas province.

Stabilization of oil production at the level of 215–220 million tons/year, as well as its subsequent growth, is a priority task for the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (KhMAO – Yugra). It is impossible to achieve this without the active implementation of the most effective modern technologies for enhanced oil recovery. This article aims to analyze the methods of enhanced oil recovery and and oil production stimulation methods (EOR and PS) used at the KhMAO – Yugra fields on an industrial scale, their features and their contribution to additional oil production from 2001 to 2021.The article describes such technologies as sidetracking (STB), physical and chemical methods (FCM), hydraulic fracturing (HF), bottom-hole treatment (BHT), hydrodynamic methods (HDM), horizontal well drilling (SHD), as well as other geological and technical measures (GTM) aimed at optimizing well operation (other methods (OM)). The study showed that FCM, BHT and other well interventions became the most used. The share of additional oil produced through the use of EOR and PS has doubled since 2013: 8% in 2013, 16.2% in 2021. Hydraulic fracturing, deep drilling and sidetracking showed the highest efficiency. All this led to the stabilization of the annual oil production in KhMAO – Yugra and even to its growth in 2021.The use of enhanced oil recovery methods on a nonalternative basis in developed fields is especially important, because the share of hard-to-recover reserves is high and reaches 80% for some companies in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. For such fields, it is necessary to strengthen scientific research in the field of substantiation of optimal conditions for well construction, as well as the operation of development systems.

This research aims to analyze problems related to resources, reserves and development of Bazhenov-Abalak oil and gas play and to find geological and technological solutions for bringing reserves into development commercially. This should stabilize oil production in Okrug on the level 210–215 million of tons. Geological, field and statistical data from V.I. Shpilman Research and Analytical Centre for the Rational Use of the Subsoil and Department of Subsurface Management & Natural Resources of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra were retrospectively analyzed during this research.Oil production from Bazhenov-Abalak play using conventional technologies is still sub economic. Running experimental areas and test ranges for industrial approval of development efficiency enhancement technologies for Bazhenov-Abalak play are created on producing fields. Unfortunately, accumulated experience ends up inside oil companies. Undoubtedly, single initiatives of oilmen will not solve a problem of development of huge resources in Bazhenov formation.

Complex processing of ash and slag waste is a supported directions for the development of environmental friendliness and performance in power engineering. The rational use of this waste in large-scale production processes has now been realized in the construction field. The development of up-to-date beneficiation technologies raises the possibility of extracting various useful components from ash and slag wastes. This study aims to investigate the potential for using energy-efficient ash beneficiation to produce a heavy metal-containing fraction and separate the magnetic fraction. To assess the feasibility of ash beneficiation and its rational use, the technical documentation of ash and slag dumps of PJSC “Magadanenergo” was studied, and semi-quantitative analyses of samples collected from these dumps were carried out. The data on the content of useful components and quantities of ash and slag enabled us to develop complex beneficiation flow sheets, assess their process efficiency, and evaluate their potential financial viability. The estimated volume of metals to be recovered includes 785 tons of Ti (me-1), 183 tons of Sr (me-2), and 4,867 tons of Fe (me-3). The performance indicators of the beneficiation and aggregated values of economic indicators for this project implementation on an industrial scale were calculated. The economic feasibility of the ash processing project showed good values for two out of three models over a ten-year planning horizon. Implementing the project also effectively improves the environmental situation by potentially processing up to 10% of the total volume of ash dumps, fulfilling one-fifth of the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation’s requirements until 2035. While investigations of ash from the Magadan Cogeneration Power Plant (MCPP) are not new, they were not previously carried out within the framework of studying integrated processing of ash to obtain various useful components.

Objective. To study the prevalence and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including carbapenemase production, in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolated in different regions of Russia as part of the sentinel multicenter surveillance study in 2020–2021, and to explore the population structure of K. pneumoniae and the impact of “high-risk clones” on antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods. Consecutive, non-duplicate isolates of K. pneumoniae (n = 2503) and E. coli (n = 2055) isolated from various specimens (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, respiratory samples, urine, wound secretions, etc.) of hospitalized patients with clinical signs of infection in 55 hospitals of 29 cities of Russia were studied. Species identification of isolates was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by serial broth microdilution or, in the case of fosfomycin, by agar dilution method, and results were interpreted according to EUCAST v13 MIC breakpoints. Carbapenemase production was determined phenotypically by carbapenem inactivation method (CIM), the presence of genes of the most common serine carbapenemases (KPC, OXA-48) and metallo-β-lactamases (VIM, IMP, NDM) was determined by real-time PCR. K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were genotyped and assigned to the known clonal complexes (CC) and sequence types (ST) using SNP typing and multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) methods. K- and O-serotypes, acquired resistance and virulence genes, and plasmids carrying these genes were characterized using whole-genome sequencing of selected isolates (n = 215). Results. The resistance rates of nosocomial/community-acquired isolates of K. pneumoniae were as follows: amoxicillin-clavulanate – 88.63/57.99%, piperacillin-tazobactam – 82.92/45.49%, cefotaxime – 87.74/56.97%, ceftazidime – 84.76/53.07%, cefepime – 81.43/49.18%, aztreonam – 1.63/53.28%, ceftazidime-avibactam – 30, 88/9.22%, ceftolozan-tazobactam – 70.06/31.35%, ertapenem – 72.10/28.69%, meropenem – 49.60/15.16%, imipenem – 44.54/13.73%, gentamicin – 60.82/30.33%, amikacin – 42.06/17.21%, ciprofloxacin – 85.10/49.39%; trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole – 74.38/48.16%, colistin – 5.96/2.25%. The resistance of nosocomial/outpatient isolates of E. coli were: ampicillin – 84.93/67.67%, amoxicillin-clavulanate – 57.37/39.73%, piperacillin-tazobactam – 19.48/8.70%, cefotaxime – 63.83/34.19%, ceftazidime – 45.32/20.34%, cefepime – 35.95/16.61%, aztreonam – 51.78/26.11%, ceftazidime-avibactam – 5.71/0.80%, ceftolozane-tazobactam – 11, 95/2.22%, ertapenem – 8.18/1.42%, meropenem – 5.17/0.53%, imipenem – 4.95/0.36%, gentamicin – 24.54/13.68%, amikacin – 5.49/1.42%, ciprofloxacin – 54, 14/32.50%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole – 52.21/38.54%, fosfomycin – 2.48/1.43%, colistin – 1.60/1.07%, tigecycline – 6.35/3.11%. The frequency of carbapenemase production among K. pneumoniae nosocomial isolates was 65.32% (OXA-48 – 40.75%, NDM – 30.28%, KPC – 8.74%, OXA-48 + NDM – 10.62%, OXA-48 + KPC – 2.98%, NDM + KPC – 0.45%, OXA-48 + NDM + KPC – 0.20%). More than 70% of nosocomial isolates of K. pneumoniae belonged to only 7 major genetic lineages known as “high-risk international clones”: CC395 – 37.40%, CC23 – 9.59%, CC307 – 8.64%, CC147 – 7.61%, CC15 – 2.95%, CC258 – 2.92%, and CC11 – 2.41%. The population of community-acquired K. pneumoniae was characterized by significantly greater genetic diversity (Simpson diversity index: D = 0.919; 95% CI: 0.904 to 0.933) compared with the population of nosocomial strains (Simpson diversity index: D = 0.815; 95% CI: 0.802 to 0.827). Strains of the “hypervirulent” genetic lineage of K. pneumoniae CC23 were more common in community-acquired infections. Conclusions. The extremely high frequency of resistance to cephalosporins in K. pneumoniae (> 80%) and E. coli (> 60%), as well as the high frequency of combined resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones precludes their empirical use for the treatment of serious nosocomial infections caused by these pathogens. K. pneumoniae shows a rapid increase in resistance to carbapenems, mainly due to the spread of carbapenemases of three major groups: OXA-48, NDM and KPC. The overall increase in the frequency of carbapenemase production is accompanied by the growing diversity of carbapenemases, the increasing prevalence of strains producing NDM and KPC enzymes and those co-producing multiple carbapenemases simultaneously. In community-acquired infections, the high prevalence of resistance to cephalosporins in E. coli (> 30%) and K. pneumoniae (> 50%) remains the most important problem.

We report on the implementation of a terahertz two-photon quantum cascade laser operating in a continuous wave mode. Lasers that can emit two photons as a result of the relaxation of a single electron between two states of the same parity have been discussed since the early days of the laser era, but implementation has been hampered by the lack of a suitable gain medium. The semiconductor structure of a quantum cascade laser seems to be an ideal medium for realizing such two-photon emission. Our work demonstrates dual-band laser radiation in the range of 3.1–3.9 THz (104–130 cm−1) at temperatures up to 90 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To assess the dynamics of antimicrobial drug consumption in the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. Data on antimicrobials for systemic use (ATC class J01) sales for the period 2008–2022 in the hospital and outpatient segment were downloaded from the IQVIA database. The absolute quantities of purchased antimicrobials were transferred to the defined daily doses (DDD) separately for the outpatient and hospital segments for each year of observation. Results. Over the period 2008-2022 there was an increase in antimicrobials consumption from 9.7 to 14.2 DDDs per 1000 inhabitants/day with a transient rise of up to 18.7 DDDs per 1000 inhabitants/day in 2020. In the outpatient segment, antimicrobials consumption was increased from 9.7 to 12.04 DDDs per 1000 population/day (a transient rise to 15.6 DDDs in 2020), and in the inpatient segment from 266.3 to 412.2 DDDs per 100 bed-days, respectively. When analyzing antimicrobials by access group (WHO classification AWaRe), there was a decrease in consumption «Access» group antimicrobials from 62% to 45%, an increase of «Watch» group antimicrobials from 38% to 63.4% and «Reserve» antimicrobials from 0.005% to 1.6%. Conclusions. The increase in consumption of «Watch» group antimicrobials requires effective use control measures to be implemented at both outpatient and inpatient medical care settings at the national level.

Apamin is often cited as one of the few substances selectively acting on small-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels (KCa2). However, published pharmacological and structural data remain controversial. Here, we investigated the molecular pharmacology of apamin by two-electrode voltage-clamp in Xenopus laevis oocytes and patch-clamp in HEK293, COS7, and CHO cells expressing the studied ion channels, as well as in isolated rat brain neurons. The microtitre broth dilution method was used for antimicrobial activity screening. The spatial structure of apamin in aqueous solution was determined by NMR spectroscopy. We tested apamin against 42 ion channels (KCa, KV, NaV, nAChR, ASIC, and others) and confirmed its unique selectivity to KCa2 channels. No antimicrobial activity was detected for apamin against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. The NMR solution structure of apamin was deposited in the Protein Data Bank. The results presented here demonstrate that apamin is a selective nanomolar or even subnanomolar-affinity KCa2 inhibitor with no significant effects on other molecular targets. The spatial structure as well as ample functional data provided here support the use of apamin as a KCa2-selective pharmacological tool and as a template for drug design.

The article presents an overview of the IV Forum “Sociology of Health: Contemporary Healthcare in Dialogue with Everyone” organized by the Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow Healthcare Department on November 17, 2022. The article summarizes presentations made by sociologists, heads of medical organizations of Moscow and other Russian regions, academic researchers, and representatives of non-profit organizations. The authors identify four key social and humanistic aspects of dialogue in the healthcare system: value basis, methodology, role of the civil society, and main issues. The Forum focused not only on methodological issues, but also on the applied research, such as projects aimed at smoking cessation, motivating to blood donation, developing psychological support service for cancer patients, etc. The authors emphasize the need for social-humanitarian technologies in the healthcare system for its patient-oriented transformation, including introduction of sociological monitoring.

In recent years, Russia has seen a considerable decrease in the number of consumers of alcoholic beverages. However, mortality from alcohol-related causes is still quite high. In the context of the Concept for lowering alcohol use in the Russian Federation up to 2030, it is promising to assess the risks of alcohol involvement of Muscovites as residents of a certain metropolitan region. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of alcohol intake by Moscow residents, including factors and risk groups. An empirical sociological survey (CATI, randomized sample, N = 1002) was conducted in October 2022 among adult residents of Moscow. The study has showed that 78 % of Muscovites have consumed alcohol over the past year; the rate of heavy drinking is 14 % among male drinkers and 7 % among female drinkers, which is consistent with data from previous studies conducted on a nationwide sample. Also, 16 % of Muscovites note that they have consumed homemade alcohol over the past month, which means that they represent a potential risk group for poisoning. The study identified the structure of alcohol consumption, which served as the foundation for consumer classification: “bar type” (24 %), “homemade alcohol of various strengths” (21 %), “strong alcohol and homemade wine” (20 %), “wine” (18 %), "only vodka" (17 %). Alcohol abuse is uncommon among young individuals. Involvement in drinking alcohol is frequently influenced by relatives (including parents), colleagues and friends, highlighting the need to address alcoholism's social components. Respondents evaluate the current anti-alcohol measures in Moscow rather positively.

Objective. To analyse aggregated AST results for key microorganisms collected through the 2022 reports of chief specialists in clinical microbiology and antimicrobial resistance. Materials and Methods. The study included an analysis of the interpretation criteria used in the laboratories and an evaluation of the AST reports. Data were obtained from the clinical microbiology and antimicrobial resistance annual reporting system. Reports were analyzed using EUCAST guidelines for expected resistance phenotypes and expected susceptible phenotypes. Data processing and analysis were realized using the «R» programming language. The 95% CI for the percentages of inaccuracies/errors distributed by federal districts was calculated using the Wilson method. Results. A combination of several interpretation standards was used in 27.78% of laboratories, MUK 4.2.1890-04 was noted as one of the options in 57.6% of laboratories. Irrelevant standards of interpretation with a lag of 1 year or more were used in a significant number of cases. The highest percentage of errors/ inaccuracies by the type «expected resistance» was observed for A. baumannii – 14,06% (N = 9163), E. faecium – 8,05% (N = 3451) and S. pneumoniae – 6,18% (N = 2779). «Susceptibility categorization in the absence of interpretive breakpoints» was highest for S. aureus – 13.24% (N = 19784) and S. pneumoniae – 8.76% (N = 3942). Rare phenotype was determined in the highest percentage in relation to S. pneumoniae and antimicrobials: vancomycin – 54.04% and linezolid – 64.6%. Conclusions. The study revealed a significant number of errors/inaccuracies in the data reported. The use of irrelevant interpretation criteria, the exclusion of situations with rare phenotypes and expected resistance, may contribute to a significant increase in the likelihood of inappropriate antibacterial prescribing.

Cardinal changes in approaches to the choice of antimicrobial therapy for severe infections have occurred in recent years. They are associated with the growth of antibiotic resistance of nosocomial pathogens and the lack of sufficiently effective «universal» schemes of empirical antibiotic therapy. Recent international and domestic recommendations focus on a «pathogen-specific» approach aimed at the treatment of infections caused by specific problematic resistant pathogens. The application of such «pathogen-specific» recommendations is not possible without the availability of appropriate quality microbiological data. The further evolution of diagnostic methods is directed creating test systems that allow detecting the main pathogens of infection and the most important antibiotic resistance genes, allowing to reduce the time from the moment of taking clinical material for microbiological examination to obtaining the result that affects the choice of antibiotic therapy regimen. The review contains practical recommendations on the choice of drugs for targeted antimicrobial therapy based on the clinical interpretation of the results obtained using the «hyperplex» panel BioFire BCID2 (Blood Culture Identification 2BCID2), taking into account the statements set out in the guidelines «Diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy for infections caused by polyresistant strains of microorganisms».

Objective. To identify risk factors for fatal outcome and COVID-19-associated liver damage in hospitalized adult patients with coronavirus infection. Materials and Methods. In a retrospective cohort study, 389 cases of patients with coronavirus infection complicated by bilateral viral pneumonia were studied. Demographic characteristics, clinical features of the course of the disease, anamnestic data, results of laboratory and instrumental methods of examination were analyzed and correlated with mortality. At the time of admission, the following were taken into account: fever, severity of the patient's condition according to COVID-19 classification of severity, body mass index (BMI), oxygen saturation (SpO2), percentage of lung tissue damage according to computed tomography (CT). Laboratory indices of biochemical blood analysis were assessed in dynamics: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP). Data analysis was performed using the R programming language (ver. 4.1.1.). Results. The following risk factors, assessed at the time of hospitalization, increased the likelihood of death: severe and extremely severe condition of the patient (RR = 4.77; 95% CI: 3.33–6.83); SpO2 less than 93% (RR = 3.76; 95% CI: 2.57–5.49); diabetes mellitus (RR = 2.94; 95% CI: 2.01–4.30); lung tissue damage CT-3 and CT-4 (RR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.79–3.75); concomitant chronic pyelonephritis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (RR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.79–3.74); age 65 years and older (RR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.70–3.67); ischemic heart disease (IHD) (RR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.42–4.01); an increase in the level of CRP more than 15 mg/l (RR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.16–4.24); BMI 35 kg/m2 or more (RR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.28–2.77); AST level more than 2 upper limit of normal (ULN) (RR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.20–2.55). Risk factors for an increase in AST more than 2 ULN were: SpO2 less than 93% (RR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.15– 2.03), severe and extremely severe course of coronavirus infection (RR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.38–2.43), concomitant chronic liver disease (RR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.08–1.95). Conclusions. Risk factors for fatal COVID-19 in hospitalized patients are: severe and extremely severe initial condition of the patient, oxygen saturation less than 93%, lung tissue damage more than 50%, age older than 65 years, presence of concomitant diabetes mellitus, chronic pyelonephritis and CHD, CHD, obesity, increased CRP level more than 15 mg/l, and AST more than 70 units/l. Elevation of AST over 2 IU/L can be considered as one of the prognostic laboratory markers of adverse prognosis COVID-19.

Objective. To review the key principles and functionality of AMRexpert online platform. Materials and Methods. The information part of the platform is comprised of rules based on the EUCAST recommendations and various standards for interpreting the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST, CLSI versions 2020-2022). The technical part of the platform was developed using C# programming language, Angular and Bootstrap frameworks. AST results of Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus faecium specific isolates were analyzed for practical testing of the platform using EUCAST v.12.0, 2022 interpretation criteria. Results. The developed platform for the evaluation of microbiological reports includes a wide list of expert rules, various standards for the interpretation of the AST results. Consistent data input, the ability to switch forms between several microorganisms, and the presentation of evaluation results in the form of blocks allows all necessary information to be structured. Practical use of the platform is available for various infectious pathogens. Fast and efficient interaction between users is provided by different options for sharing and saving the results. Conclusions. The web-based application evaluates microbiological reports in a comprehensive approach, with the ability to apply the results later to prescribe antimicrobial therapy. The platform for the interpretation, verification and validation of the AST results – AMRexpert can be accessed at https://amrexpert.ru.

Link for citation: Krutenko D.S., Isaev V.I., Isaev S.G. Density of hydrocarbons and deep heat flow of the territory (southeast of Western Siberia). Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 7, рр. 148-163. In Rus. The relevance. According to the ruling theory for organic origin of petroleum, geothermal regime is considered to be the main factor, which is responsible for realization of potential for oil generation. Therefore, it is not irrelevant to develop geothermics as a method of exploration geophysics for forecasting and evaluating oil and gas potential. Forecast tasks are reduced to detection local geothermal anomalies and establishing its relation to hydrocarbon deposits. This method may make a good showing while supplementary exploration in the territories with well-developed infrastructure and a large amount of wells as it is based on modelling and analysing of available data and does not propose additional field works. The main aim: establishing qualitative and quantitative relations between deep heat flow and oil and gas potential, also between gradient zones of heat flow and localization of hydrocarbon fields in the west of Tomsk Region. Objects: thermal field and oil and gas potential in the west of Tomsk Region. Subjects. The thermal field is described with such parameters as deep heat flow density and horizontal gradient of heat flow. Hydrocarbon fields are divided depending on fluid type into oil, oil-gas-condensate and gas-condensate. Methods. The deep heat flow was determined through paleotemperature modelling. The grid with cells of 20×20 km was set on study territory in increments of 10 km. Heat flow values were determined in the centers of each cell using Kriging interpolation method. The absolute horizontal gradient of heat flow was calculated on the same grid using five spot formula. Quantitative parameter of oil and gas potential – hydrocarbon density – was determined on the same grid. Quantitative relations were investigated by correlation and regression analysis. Relationships of heat flow density and horizontal gradient of heat flow with localization of hydrocarbon fields of different fluid type were detected by one-way ANOVA test. Results. The main results of this study are established distribution patterns for deposits of different fluid type in thermal field. Correlation analysis showed highly significant correlation coefficients. The conclusion. Oil and oil-gas-condensate fields tend to the average heat flow values (52 mW/m2), while gas-condensate are associated with high heat flow values (57 mW/m2). The value of the absolute horizontal gradient of heat flow increases in row oil fields – oil-gas-condensate fields – gas-condensate fields. The difference between average values of gradient for all of field types is statistically significant. Therefore, we indicate appearance of geothermal quantitative criterion for forecasting fluid type of deposits in areas of high potential for hydrocarbons. Quantitative relation of high significance (r=0,53) between heat flow density and hydrocarbon density is established for high heat flow values (>56 mW/m2). Weak correlation (r=0,3) was indicated between horizontal gradient of heat flow and hydrocarbon density.

The article presents a new joinery and construction material made of corrugated veneer. The material under consideration can be used to create lightweight internal enclosing structures of residential premises (interior partitions) and for interior decoration. Within the framework of this study, the tasks related to the determination of sound insulation properties and characteristics of a new joinery and building material and the search for ways to improve its design are considered. The analysis of the regulatory requirements for interior partitions of residential premises and the requirements of standards for the experimental determination of the degree of isolation of air noise by enclosing structures in field conditions is carried out. Methods for determining the sound insulation properties and characteristics of various materials and structures, as well as equipment used for research, have been studied. An experimental installation has been developed to evaluate the effectiveness of insulation from air noise of samples of the proposed joinery and construction material. Samples of the material necessary for the experiment were made, and an experiment plan was drawn up. It has been established that the highest efficiency of isolation from air noise is achieved in the high frequency range from 4800 dB and above. In the area of low and medium frequencies, the sound insulation of the material under study is not effective enough, which requires the use of additional sound insulation layers. The assessment of ways to improve carpentry and construction material to improve its sound insulation properties in the low and medium frequencies has been carried out.

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001

The relevance of studying the unallocated subsoil fund of the east of the Tomsk region is determined by the prospects and underexplored right bank of the Ob River. The subsoil user does not want to take risks there, the same about the State. However, oil companies will be forced to develop the eastern regions when production at the oil fields on the left bank drops to a critical level of profitability. A number of promising areas for exploratory drilling have already been identified on the right bank. The main aim of the research of geologists and geophysicists in the oil industry in Western Siberia and in particular the Tomsk region is a significant increase in reserves and accordingly prevention decline in oil production. This is the aim of the present work. The objects of the study are hard-to-recover reserves which requires the solution of the scientific problem of theoretical and experimental study of thermodynamics and material composition of the Western Siberia Paleozoic. The key geodynamic parameter that determines geotemperatures and the time of its impact on the centers of hydrocarbon generation is the heat flow of the foundation roof. It serves as the basis for basin modeling in prospecting and exploration. The construction and general analysis of the heat flow density map of the foundation roof of the Tomsk region east were carried out for a joint study of the prospects for the oil and gas potential of the poorly studied Bakchar mezodepression and the areas of the preliminary forecast of the East Paidugin megadepression. Methods. The original software «TeploDialog» was used to perform the simulation. This software package implements specially formulated direct and inverse geothermal problems under sedimentation conditions. Determining the value of the heat flow density from the roof of the foundation is complicated by taking into account many processes occurring both in the bowels and on the surface of the Earth. Therefore, an integral approach was used in the calculations, allowing these processes to be taken into account with the help of conjugated structural-tectonic reconstructions. The initial data for the model are reservoir temperatures measured during well testing, as well as taken from temperature gradient diagrams. The values of the reflectivity of vitrinite and the thermophysical properties of rocks systematically replenish the database of the IPGG named after A.A. Trofimuk SB RAS by analytical studies under the supervision of A.N. Fomin and A.D. Duchkov. The result. The heat flow density map (in isolines through 2 mW/m2) from the base of the sedimentary section for the northeastern part of the Tomsk region was prepared on the basis of calculations of 59 parametric, reference and exploration wells. The heat flow values were obtained using a single well-tested method based on solving the inverse geothermal problem. In terms of setting the task of the completed scientific work, a certain part of the scientific problem of theoretical and experimental study of the upper part of the Paleozoic thermodynamics was solved. The resulting discrete distribution (by wells) and the map of heat flow values from the pre-Jurassic basement can serve as a base for correct basin modeling of the Bakchar study area and the poorly studied large area of the East Paidugin megadepression. This region is not promising in terms of the sedimentary cover taking into account the low values of the modern heat flow. However, the determination of the vitrinite reflectance index of the Paleozoic section can significantly expand the prospects for the oil and gas potential of the weathering crust and the upper horizons of the Paleozoic. Conclusions. A unified map of the heat flow density of the foundation roof of the Tomsk region constructed at the next stage on the territory of which three graben rifts: Koltogor-Urengoy, Ust-Tym and Chuzik, were developed, will be the important result. This fact is of particular interest and requires separate careful consideration.

Objective. To analyze the features of local antibiotic resistance monitoring at hospitals in the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. The study involved a survey of 305 institutions. The duration of data collection was 1 year (March 2020 – April 2021). The responses received were analyzed using the "R" programming language. Special packages were used for data processing and calculation of confidence intervals. Results were assessed by descriptive analysis with calculation of absolute and relative frequencies, and 95% confidence intervals according to the Wilson method. Frequencies were compared using Fisher's exact test. The significance level α was set at 0.05. Results. Hospitals at various levels of organization participated in the survey. Data on local epidemiology of antibiotic resistance was available for 54.1% of institutions. The use of computer tools to automate the collection and analysis of antibiotic resistance monitoring data was noted by 26.23%. The implementation of an antimicrobial management system in the work of a medical center was confirmed by 25.3%. Data on identification of pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility test were available in the LIS/MIS – 12.46%. Over 70% of participants indicated that they update interpretation criteria annually. Storage of the AST results for more than 1 year was implemented by over 90% of hospitals. Availability of local antimicrobial therapy protocols was confirmed by 34.75% of the respondents. Conclusions. Access to data on the local epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance was unavailable for most specialists. Insufficient use of special tools to automate the collection and evaluation of antimicrobial resistance data has been identified. Implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program and development of local antimicrobial therapy protocols were in a limited number of institutions. The data obtained indicate significant problems in the systemic organization of local antibiotic resistance monitoring.

Objective. To determine spectrum and prevalence of genetic determinants of resistance to macrolides in Mycoplasma genitalium in a Russian patient population. Materials and Methods. A total of 873 M. genitalium-positive samples from five geographical regions of Russia were investigated over the period of 2009–2019 using the previously developed protocol of real-time polymerase chain reaction (allows detecting any nucleotide substitutions in the 23S rRNA gene of M. genitalium at positions 2058, 2059, and 2611). The results were confirmed using Sanger sequencing. Results. The most frequent mutations associated with resistance to macrolides in M. genitalium were the following: A2058G (60.5%) and A2059G (30.2%). The relatively rare mutations were A2058T (7%) and C2611T (2.3%). In the studied period, there was no trend to increase in frequency of mutations associated with resistance to macrolides. The study results are presented as an open project on the AMRcloud platform (https://amrcloud.net/ru/project/demares/). Conclusions. Our data emphasize a need to introduce regular screening of M. genitalium-positive samples for the presence of macrolide resistance-associated mutations into clinical practice.

Objective. To create local antibiotic resistance surveillance system using the AMRcloud online platform to provide evidence base for activity of antimicrobials (AM) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) epidemiology. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted at the Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center (Moscow, Russia). The study is prospective, with two evaluations of the local AMR surveillance system (before and after the implementation of the AMRcloud online platform). Separately, the effects of implementing the AMRcloud platform were evaluated and the most frequent scenarios of using this system in hospital were studied. Results. With the help of the AMRcloud platform, which acts as one of the central links in the AMR surveillance process, a local AMR surveillance system was formed, providing continuity of historical data and evidence base on local AMR epidemiology with real-time access and bringing together specialists of various profiles. Conclusions. Implementation of the AMRcloud online platform into multidisciplinary hospital operations enables the creation of a local evidence base on AM activity and AMR epidemiology, as well as reducing the labor costs of several crucial stages of AMR surveillance – data storage, analysis and exchange.

Objective. To assess the in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against clinical Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in various regions of Russia based on results of local susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method. Materials and Methods. Overall, 160 laboratories located in 61 Russian cities participated in this surveillance during 2018-2020. All consecutive clinical isolates of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in each participating laboratory were included in the study. Ceftazidime-avibactam susceptibility testing was done by disc-diffusion method in accordance with current EUCAST recommendations. Susceptibility data for carbapenems and III-IV generation cephalosporins, as well as results of carbapenemases detection, were also reported, if available. All the data were recorded in electronic case report form developed on the OpenClinica online platform (www.openclinica.com). Data analysis and reporting were done using AMRcloud online platform (https://amrcloud.net/). Results. In total, we received information on antimicrobial susceptibility of 22,121 isolates, including 17,456 (78.9%) Enterobacterales and 4,665 (21.1%) P. aeruginosa. Less than 9% of Enterobacterales isolates were resistant to ceftazidime-avibactam. At the same time rates of resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefepime, ertapenem, imipenem, and meropenem were 54.1%, 58.9%, 59.4%, 41.4%, 23.9%, and 21.3%. Among Enterobacterales the highest level of resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam was detected in K. pneumoniae (16.5%), lowest – in E. coli (2.1%). Some increase of resistance to ceftazidimeavibactam was noted during the study – from 7.8% in 2018-2019 to 9.6% in 2020 (p = 0.0001). Rate of resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam in P. aeruginosa was 33.1%. At the same time rates of resistance to ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, and meropenem were 51.1%, 54.5%, 50%, and 47.3%. During the study there was statistically significant decrease in resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam in P. aeruginosa (p = 0.0001). Resistance rates for all beta-lactams for both Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were higher in nosocomial isolates than in community-acquired isolates. Conclusions. Ceftazidime-avibactam demonstrated significantly higher in vitro activity against Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa Russian clinical isolates comparing with commonly used carbapenems and extended spectrum cephalosporins. Access for all study data available at the AMRcloud online platform (https://amrcloud.net/ru/project/cazavi-1-2/).

Objective. To evaluate in vitro activity of biapenem and other clinically available carbapenems against Russian clinical isolates of Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa и Acinetobacter spp., including isolates with acquired fermentative mechanisms of resistance to β-lactams. Materials and Methods. A total of 3139 Enterobacterales isolates, 793 P. aeruginosa isolates and 634 Acinetobacter spp. isolates from hospitalized patients in 63 hospitals from 35 Russian cities were included in the study during 2018-2019. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for biapenem and other antimicrobials were determined in accordance with ISO 20776-1:2006. Carbapenemases genes were detected by commercially available real-time PCR kits AmpliSens® MDR KPC/OXA-48-FL and AmpliSens® MDR MBL-FL (Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russia). Data analysis and reporting was performed using AMRcloud online platform (www.amrcloud.net). Results. For all tested Escherichia coli isolates MIC50/90 were 0.06/0.125 mg/l for biapenem, 0.125/0.25 mg/l for imipenem, and 0.06/0.06 mg/l for meropenem. When MIC50/90 for ertapenem (0.015/0.125 mg/l for all isolates tested) were comparable to those of biapenem, a greater number of nosocomial E. coli isolates had MIC >4 mg/l for ertapenem (3.6%) than for biapenem (2.6%). MIC50/90 of Klebsiella pneumoniae for biapenem were 0.5/16 mg/l, for both imipenem and meropenem – 0.5/32 mg/l, for ertapenem – 2/32 mg/l. Resistance to oxyimino-β-lactams had no significant influence on activity of biapenem against Enterobacterales isolates. For 321 carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates (ОХА-48 – 63.9%, NDM – 27.7%) biapenem has shown no advantages over imipenem and meropenem. МПК50/90 for nosocomial and community-acquired P. aeruginosa isolates were 8/64 mg/l and 0,5/16 mg/l for biapenem, 8/128 mg/l and 1/16 mg/l – for imipenem, 16/64 mg/l and 0,5/32 mg/l – for meropenem. All carbapenems, including biapenem, had very low in vitro activity against carbapenemaseproducing P. aeruginosa isolates. МПК50/90 of Acinetobacter spp. were 64/128 mg/l for biapenem, 64/128 mg/l – for imipenem, and 128/128 mg/l – for meropenem. Conclusions. According to the MIC distributions and MICs50/90 values independently of the presence of fermentative mechanisms of resistance to β-lactams, in vitro activity of biapenem against Russian clinical isolates of Enterobacterales, P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. was comparable to those of imipenem and meropenem.

Apamin is often cited as one of the few substances selectively acting on small-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels (KCa2). However, published pharmacological and structural data remain controversial. Here, we investigated the molecular pharmacology of apamin by two-electrode voltage-clamp in Xenopus laevis oocytes and patch-clamp in HEK293, COS7, and CHO cells expressing the studied ion channels, as well as in isolated rat brain neurons. The microtitre broth dilution method was used for antimicrobial activity screening. The spatial structure of apamin in aqueous solution was determined by NMR spectroscopy. We tested apamin against 42 ion channels (KCa, KV, NaV, nAChR, ASIC, and others) and confirmed its unique selectivity to KCa2 channels. No antimicrobial activity was detected for apamin against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. The NMR solution structure of apamin was deposited in the Protein Data Bank. The results presented here demonstrate that apamin is a selective nanomolar or even subnanomolar-affinity KCa2 inhibitor with no significant effects on other molecular targets. The spatial structure as well as ample functional data provided here support the use of apamin as a KCa2-selective pharmacological tool and as a template for drug design.

The research objective is the thermal insulation of water boilers in industrial boiler rooms. The purpose of the work is theoretical substantiation of the choice of a heat-insulating material, providing the maximum environmental and resource- saving effects during the operation of hot water boilers KVGM-100. The results obtained show that the greatest effect will be achieved when using modern materials such as "Isobox Extralight" or "Izorok Isovent" as a material for a heat-insulating layer. The temperature of the outer surface of the wall of the boiler KVGM-100 will comply with the requirements of TKP 053-2007 (02300). The use of such materials for the thermal insulation of the boiler provides energy savings in the amount of 120 tons of standard fuel per year. These savings are achieved by reducing the combustion of fuel oil or natural gas, which has the environmental effect of reducing air emissions. Объектом исследований является тепловая изоляция водогрейных котлов на промышленных котельных. Целью работы является теоретическое обоснование выбора теплоизоляционного материала, обеспечивающего максимальный экологический и ресурсосберегающий эффект при эксплуатации водогрейных котлов КВГМ-100. В результате выполненных расчетов по предложенной методике показано, что наибольший эффект будет достигнут при использовании в качестве материала теплоизоляционного слоя современных материалов типа «Изобокс Экстралайт» или «Изорок Изовент». Температура наружной поверхности стенки котла КВГМ-100 при этом будет соответствовать требованиям ТКП 053-2007 (02300). Применение таких материалов для теплоизоляции котла обеспечивает экономию энергетических ресурсов в размере 120 тонн условного топлива в год. Эта экономия обеспечивается за счет сокращения сжигания мазута или природного газа, что дает экологический эффект снижения выбросов в атмосферу.

The relevance of the study of the north-eastern part of the Tomsk region is determined by the need to search for new sources of replenishment of the resource base, defined by the strategy for oil industry development in the Russian Federation until 2035. The main aim of the research is to determine the heat flow density from the bottom of the sedimentary section by solving the inverse problem of geothermics. It includes the anomalous zones correlation of the obtained parameter with the established oil and gas content and the prospects determination of the north-eastern lands of the Tomsk region for the Lower Jurassic and pre-Jurassic deposits. The objects of the research are the north-eastern lands of the Tomsk region belonging to the territory of widespread Hettangian-Lower Toarcian. There are potential oil-source Togur deposits having certain similarity in geological structure with oil-producing regions. The temperatures measured in 38 exploration and parametric representative wells were used to determine the heat flow density. Research methods include the collection and analysis of geological and geophysical data on deep wells drilled in the research area, 1D paleotemperature modeling combined with paleotectonic reconstructions using a domestic software product. The result. The authors have built a map with a cross-section of isolines of 2,5 mW/m2 based on the calculated values of the heat flow in the wells by the interpolation method. The analysis of the performed constructions shows that the thermal field on the top of the basement in the north-eastern part of the Tomsk region is heterogeneous. Its values vary from 33 to 69 mW/m2 . The zone of increased values of the heat flow density extends from north-west to south-east, crossing tectonic structures. A decrease in the intensity of the geothermal field is observed in the north-eastern and eastern sections. The increased values of the heat flow, in general, correlate with the established oil and gas content in the study area. Within the southern part of the Karamka Mesotrough, high prospects are expected in the Lower Jurassic and Pre-Jurassic complexes. High prospects for oil and gas content can be noted in the area of the Yuzhno-Pyzhinskaya 1 parametric well and lands located in the East Paiduga Megadepression, where the thickness of the Lower Jurassic deposits and the magnitude of the heat flow are increased. Conclusions. The authors obtained new data on the heat flow density in the Tomsk region north-eastern part. The study area is promising for further prospecting and exploration work with the aim of discovering deposits in the Lower Jurassic and pre-Jurassic objects.