Search

Healthcare facilities generate medical waste. If not properly managed, medical waste may damage the environment and spread diseases. Many hospitals in Indonesia do not adhere to medical waste management regulations. This study aimed to evaluate the management of solid medical waste at four public hospitals in Bogor District, Indonesia. A case study design was used to obtain a comprehensive description of the solid medical waste management activities in the hospitals. Data were collected through direct observations, interviews, and document reviews. This study revealed that the medical waste generated in all hospitals was infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical, and cytotoxic, totaling approximately 4,000-12,000 kg. Hospitals A, B, C, and D fulfilled the Regulation of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry No. P56 of 2015 criteria, achieving compliance rates of 77%, 83.78%, 83.3%, and 86.48%, res pectively. However, several activities of the hospitals did not meet the standards for waste reduction, segregation, on-site transport, temporary storage, and human resource quality. It is important that hospitals establish comprehensive and compliant medical waste management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary glutathione levels are known to be an early indicator of oxidative stress in travelers. This study analyzed the association between particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on the road and urine glutathione levels in Jakarta's microbus drivers. This cross-sectional study involved 96 microbuses (one of Jakarta's public transportations) drivers of nine routes in Kampung Melayu Bus Station, Jakarta, Indonesia. An anthropometric assessment and a structured questionnaire were employed. Along with the participants driving on the road, real-time personal equipment measuring PM2.5 exposure concentrations was used. Total glutathione levels were measured using a colorimetric method. A correlation test and linear regression analysis were used to examine the effect of PM2.5 exposure on total glutathione levels. The average PM2.5 exposure concentration was 90.9±1.8 µg/m³, with a maximum concentration of 114.7 µg/m³. The average urinary glutathione level was 1.3±0.5 µM. The regression analysis showed that PM2.5 was associated with urinary glutathione levels after controlling for body mass index and smoking status. To concluded, the drivers experienced exposure to an extremely high level of PM2.5 that could influence the glutathione levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a pollutant gas that can cause symptoms that are bad for the environment and human health. As a result of exposure to nitrogen dioxide in humans through inhalation will cause acute and chronic respiratory disorders. Sources of nitrogen dioxide emissions can come from repeated combustion processes in the steel industry using coal as an iron reducing agent in the furnace. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the public health risks around the steel industry in the village of Sukadanau, West Cikarang sub-district. Method: Anthropometric characteristics and activity patterns are used to calculate intakes. Intake (Ink) and Reference Concentration (RfC) produce RQ (Risk Quotion) with RQ real time> 1 indicating the existence of health risks so that risk management is needed. Results: Adults who live around the steel industry are at risk of exposure to nitrogen dioxide gas in the surrounding air. The study found that at a radius of <500 meters from the industry having RQreal time > 1 and found signs respiratory disorders to respondents. Conclusion: With the method of analyzing environmental health risks from exposure to nitrogen dioxide, it is known that there are significant health risks for the community that can be used as preventive measures to prevent worse health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an acute infection that attacks one part/more of the respiratory tract from the nose to the alveoli including adnexanya (sinus, middle ear cavity, pleura). This study aims to determine the description of individual characteristics and ARI events in children under five who live around the steel industry in Sukadanau Village, West Cikarang, Bekasi Regency. Acute respiratory infections in the world are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years old. ARI is a health problem with ARI prevalence in children under five in Indonesia with a diagnosis of Symptoms (DG) of 12.8% according to the Basic Health Research of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018. Objective: Describe individual characteristics and ARI events in under-fives around the Steel Industry in Sukadanau Village, Cikarang Barat District, Bekasi Regency in 2019. Method: The research method used is a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used in this study is proportional stratified random sampling. Data analysis was performed by univariate analysis, with a population of children aged 12-59 months living around the steel industry, with a sample of 96 toddlers. Data collection was done by interview using a questionnaire and carried out anthropometric measurements by weighing the subject’s weight. Results: Univariate analysis results showed the incidence of ARI as many as 36 (37.5%), male sex 63 (65.6%), the most toddlers’ analysis unit at the age of 12-23 months ie 34 toddlers (35.4%) status nutrition 82 (85.4). Based on the results of the study suggested improvements Conclusions: Toddlers who live around the steel industry are at risk of ARI, the unit of analysis is more on male sex, age 12-23 months and normal nutritional status of toddlers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The steel industry is one of the industries that use coal for the production process to produce various pollutants, one of which is sulfur dioxide (SO2). Exposure to SO2 can irritate the respiratory tract and trigger symptoms such as cough, phlegm, shortness of breath, and wheeze. This article aims to determine the effects of SO2 exposure based on the amount of intake on respiratory symptoms in housewives living around the steel industry. This cross-sectional study was conducted on housewives who lived in Sukadanau Village, West Cikarang Sub-district, Bekasi Regency, West Java. In assessing the effects of SO2 exposure, the amount of intake of SO2 is used. Respiratory symptoms experienced by housewives who live around the steel industry are cough (30.7%), phlegm (16.7%), shortness of breath (13.2%), and wheeze (4.4%). A significant relationship between intake of SO2 and respiratory symptoms was found only in shortness of breath (OR 36.65, 95% CI 2.95 - 455.18). Housewives who live around the steel industry experience respiratory symptoms such as cough, phlegm, shortness of breath, and wheeze due to intake of SO2. Where intake of SO2 is significantly associated with shortness of breath. Further studies are needed by using concentrations that can describe each region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Benzene is a volatile organic solvent. Benzene has been designated as a carcinogen in humans or a cause of cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The entry of organic solvent vapors into the body can cause various main reactions in the respiratory tract. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between benzene exposure intake and respiratory symptoms. Displace to method, here in abstract. Method: This type of research used cross-sectional design and risk assessment approach. It is conducted in four footwear workshops in Bogor, West Java, during September 2017. This study involved 96 footwear workers. Results: The most symptoms experienced were cough 50% they were quickly tired or tightness during activity 39.6%, sore throat 33.3%, runny nose 31.3%, issued phlegm or reak 18.8%, shortness of breath 14.6%, snorting nouse 6.3%. The result of the risk assessment was 11.5% of workers had real time noncancer risk as well as 21.9% of workers who had cancer risk. Conclusion: There was no correlation between non-carcinogen intakes, carcinogen intakes and respiratory symptoms (p value> 0.05). The findings suggest vigilance against the risk of continuous benzene exposure because it can trigger symptoms of carcinogens or non carcinogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzene (C6H6) is one of the most widely used chemical compounds in the world. Although its use has been limited, humans may be exposed to benzene in the natural and industrial environments. Small-scale footwear industry still uses adhesives containing benzene. The benzene profile has been well-documented, and it has been classified as a carcinogen compound. The purpose of this study is to assess the risk of benzene exposure in the work environment and individual exposure in footwear factory in Ciomas, Bogor, West Java, during August-September 2017. Urine test with S-Phenylmercapturic Acid biomarker was performed on 40 workers and measurements performed simultaneously at 9 air sample points from 3 workshop locations in accordance with NIOSH 1501 method, risk-level assessment through calculation Risk Quotient (RQ) and Excess Cancer Risk (ECR). The S-PMA subject has not exceeded the exposure limit (>25 μg/g) as Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) with a median value of 0.190 μg/g (min 0.019-max 17.61). The results of the air sample analysis showed 8 sampling points below the TLV (Threshold limit values) of 0.5 ppm (1.6 μg/m3) and 1 point of air sampling has exceeded 0.5 ppm (1.6 μg/m3) of 2, 1074 ppm. the result of calculation of minimum cancer risk, it has been obtained that 13 workers (32.5%) have cancer risk that has exceeded the reference value (ECR>1 10-4) and 27 (67.5%) have ECR < 1•10-4. In the calculation of real-time non-cancer risk, it has been obtained that 8 (20%) workers have had non-cancer risk (RQ>1) and 32 (80%) have RQ<1. The concentration of air and S-PMA of workers is still below the TLV, but considering the risk of cancer and non-cancer workers who have exceeded the reference value, it is necessary to improve the working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high rate of maternal mortality is one indicator of national welfare in Indonesia. One contributing factor toward this problem is mothers' lack of knowledge of reproductive health resulting from their lack of education. The use of a snakes and ladders game could be one way of improving mothers' knowledge. This game was previously implemented along with the distribution of an informational leaflet in the fishing community of Bagan Deli Village. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of this game intervention on the knowledge and attitudes of respondents in Pernantin village. This quasi-experimental study included a pre-test, an intervention, and a post-test. Respondents, consisting of 48 mothers of reproductive age (20-45 years old), were divided into two groups: the control group and the intervention group. According to a t-test, the intervention group, consisting of 24 respondents, showed an improvement in their knowledge (p<0.05), while no difference was found in their attitudes (p>0.05). This result proved that the snakes and ladders game and leaflets were effective as an intervention to improve the health knowledge of mothers in reproductive age. Based on these results, it is important to provide information on reproductive health to mothers of reproductive age in such villages or elsewhere. It is also important to develop other ways of creatively imparting knowledge that are easily understood by mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]