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Managing diversity based on local democracy is a preventive step to prevent prolonged conflicts toward social reintegration. Religious segmentation is used as a way to unravel the political conflicts that previously echoed in this area. Efforts to carry out the representation of religious identity (Islamic-Christian) in each Regional Election event are used as a new political format to minimize the tension of identity politics that can erode the spirit of community togetherness. Representation politics is then manifested in the form of pairs of candidates to occupy the position of regional head until the last twenty years have been institutions that have the ability to maintain unity and unity. This research uses a qualitative approach. For data collection techniques, researchers conduct interviews, observation, and documentation procedures. The theories and concepts used in this study include strategy theory, peace theory, conflict theory, conflict prevention concept, Conflict early Warning and Early Response System (CEWERS) concept, and state defense concept. Based on the results of the study, it can be understood that overall, conflict management carried out by the government, both the central government and local governments, is very poor. Efforts to resolve conflicts only occur at the elite level and do not include people who suffer more and lose more due to conflict. An elitist resolution will only meet the interests and demands of the elite. The demands of the masses that should also be accommodated are ignored. As a form of strategic steps of the local government of Mamasa Regency in preventing conflicts in the administration of government and its relationship with the roots of religious conflicts in Mamasa Regency, some of the descriptions of the steps taken include the Education and Socialization Approach, Increasing the Role of the Religious Harmony Forum (FKUB), Strengthening the Economy and Social Welfare, Fair and Transparent Law Enforcement, and Inclusive Infrastructure and Public Facilities Development.

Various sectors experienced losses as a result of the disaster. Education is one sector that is badly affected by disasters, especially when disasters occur during school hours. Students, who are the country's future assets, are the biggest victims. In addition, accidents can cause damage to the learning process, school documents, and school facilities. For this reason, disaster risk reduction management must be in place. One way to do this is by providing education about disaster risk reduction. This research uses a qualitative approach, which means describing and explaining what schools are doing to reduce disaster risk by implementing a disaster-safe education unit program. Steps to describe and explain data by referring to expert opinions. This study shows that the Disaster Safe Education Unit (SPAB) program is very important to implement in schools because it can increase the school community's understanding of matters related to disasters. It is hoped that the implementation of the SPAB program will enable schools to remain safe and comfortable and increase students' understanding of how to deal with disasters

Psychological First Aid (PFA) has become crucial in disaster response due to its impact on the mental health of affected individuals. This study explores the implementation of PFA, using a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design to deeply understand the experiences and perceptions of those involved. The phenomenological approach, provides insight into the lived experiences of PFA practitioners and recipients, highlighting both opportunities and challenges. Findings reveal that while PFA can enhance awareness, service access, and community resilience, challenges such as limited resources, a shortage of trained personnel, and cultural differences persist. Addressing these issues requires collaborative efforts, improved training, and cultural sensitivity to optimize PFA's effectiveness. Future research should focus on developing better implementation strategies and monitoring PFA's impact on mental well-being in disaster-affected communities.

Post-disaster recovery in Central Sulawesi Province covering Sigi District, Donggala District, Parigi Moutong District and Palu City which occurred in 2018 is a national priority program, because the impact is so great. The incident caused damage and losses to various important sectors in people's lives, such as housing, infrastructure, economy, social and cross-sector sectors. Rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts carried out by both central and regional governments and various related parties are certainly needed and have been running for the last 5 years. This study aims to evaluate the efforts that have been made in restoring all affected sectors. The methodology of this study is based on a literature study with the scope of a literature search study through secondary data obtained from where the researcher works, namely BNPB and other sources. The results show that there are 2 areas that have not fully recovered, namely Palu City and Parigi Moutong District. In both areas, there are still sectors that require further attention and action, namely the economic sector in Parigi Moutong District and all sectors in Palu City because they are below the pre-disaster baseline value. Therefore, a sustainable program involving all stakeholders is needed to improve the condition of these sectors.

Indonesia, an archipelagic nation rich in natural resources, religious variety, and ethnic diversity, faces social complexities due to these diversities. Social disputes often arise from racial, religious, and social justice disparities, as well as resource competition. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach to explore how education can prevent and resolve conflicts by promoting diversity, tolerance, and peace. By analyzing community dynamics through literature studies and theories such as the Explanatory Theory and Peace Education Theory, the study aims to provide new insights into educational management techniques and policies for conflict prevention and resolution. Findings indicate that politics, religion, and ethnicity often lead to social strife in Indonesia. Peace education, through inclusive curricula and teacher training, is recommended as an effective solution. Effective educational management requires community involvement, continual assessment, cross-sector cooperation, and adaptability to regional challenges. Thus, education is posited as a primary tool for fostering a just and peaceful society in Indonesia.

Digital transformation is a must for Indonesia in facing global dynamics in this digital era. Through the digital transformation acceleration policy, Indonesia seeks to accelerate economic growth, improve the quality of public services, and strengthen national resilience in the digital era. The purpose of this paper underlines the importance of Indonesia's preparedness in facing the threats of the digital world, both in terms of cybersecurity, data privacy violations and other negative impacts. The method used is a qualitative research method with data reviewed through literature studies. The results show that the importance of this preparedness covers various aspects, ranging from cybersecurity infrastructure to community digital literacy to overcome challenges and risks in building a strong digital defense. In addition, there is a need for concrete steps to overcome obstacles and challenges in implementing digital transformation acceleration policies. This includes strengthening technological infrastructure, improving digital literacy, encouraging the involvement of all stakeholders, and ensuring supportive regulations and adequate privacy protection. Throughout the analysis, it is important to understand that digital transformation is not an end goal, but an ongoing journey. By identifying and addressing the challenges and risks that arise, Indonesia can optimally utilize the potential of digital transformation to achieve sustainable development and protect people's security and privacy in this digital era.

Geological and hydrometeorological disasters are disasters that are often experienced by every region in Indonesia. Hydrometeorological disasters such as floods are influenced by strong westerly winds and world climate change. Apart from that, inappropriate land conversion is also one of the factors causing this disaster. One of the regions in Indonesia that is highly vulnerable to flood disasters is the city of Manado. Geographically, Manado City is surrounded by mountains and 5 large rivers that pass-through Manado City, namely the Tikala river and the Tondano river which merge in the Paal 2 area, the Malalayang river, the Sario River and the Bailang River. To overcome this disaster, it is necessary to carry out appropriate mitigation efforts to minimize the impact caused by the flood disaster in Manado City. The aim of this research is to analyze the risk level of flood disasters in Manado City and provide appropriate recommendations related to flood disaster mitigation in Manado City. This research uses analysis with quantitative descriptive research methods. The results of this research are that there are 3 classes of flood disaster risk levels in Manado City. In the high class there are 53 subdistricts, medium 2 subdistricts and low 32 subdistricts. Policy recommendations are made based on the level of risk by taking into account the main causal factors. Furthermore, it is recommended in every sub-district.

Most of the river basins in Indonesia are categorized as crisis, one of them is Jeneberang. This condition is caused by human behavior and activities that do not pay attention to environmental aspects such as the conversion of forest land into fields and there are still people who still throw their garbage into the river even though the river has a very important function for human life and livelihood. This research will focus on discussing how the Jeneberang River School instills an attitude of environmental care and disaster awareness for the community. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive design. The data was collected through interviews with the founder and principal of Sungai Jeneberang School and document/literature study. The result of this research is Jeneberang River School as a non-formal education forum that provides strengthening of knowledge and understanding related to the function of rivers and efforts to preserve them through various activities such as Focus Group Discussion (FGD), river tracing, river cleaning, tree planting, and Waste Bank socialization. Community participation in these activities is one of the keys to the effectiveness of the Jeneberang River School in instilling an attitude of environmental care and disaster awareness to the community. Based on the results of the research, it was also found that there are still some obstacles for the Jeneberang River School, namely in terms of human resources, human resources, and human resources.

The purpose of the Indonesian nation and state, as stated in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, is the protection of the entire Indonesian Nation, the Indonesian homeland, and the advancement of general welfare. National security is essential in achieving these goals, especially in protecting against various threats, including natural disasters. Earthquakes are one of the main threats because Indonesia is located at the confluence of three active earth plates. The purpose of this research was to identify the efforts made by local governments in reducing the risk of natural disasters in NTB Province. The method used in this research was qualitative, with data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and document studies. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive methods. The result of the research was the post-disaster recovery of the 2018 Lombok earthquake, involving the social and economic sectors. The rebuilding of education, health, and worship facilities was included in the social sector recovery. Economic sector recovery focused on supporting Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), agriculture, fisheries, livestock, trade, and tourism. The Disaster Resilient Village program was enhanced, with special attention to the sustainability of earthquake-resistant development. This research provided further understanding of local government efforts to deal with natural disaster risk in NTB Province, offering guidance for other regions facing similar challenges.

Japan is an island nation prone to floods and tsunamis. The mountains that dominate Japan form short rivers with steep slopes. The rivers transport sediment to the plains, creating medium-sized floodplains. Japan's rivers are prone to flash floods due to their steep basin slopes and relatively short lengths. The ratio of peak discharge to watershed area is relatively large, ranging from 10 to 100 times that of major rivers in other countries. The water level rises and falls very quickly. This research aims to find out the Japanese Government's Efforts in Flood Disaster Risk Reduction. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research using purposive sampling technique on the activities of the Overseas Work Lecture (KKLN). Informants appointed as samples are Dr. Aulia Fabianda Anwar Tinumbang from Asisstant Professor. Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University. KKLN activities are organized by the Defense University Disaster Management Study Program online through the Zoom application. KKDN activities were attended by all 26 Disaster Management Study Program students and also attended by the Head of the Disaster Management Study Program and Disaster Management study program staff. The results showed that the Japanese Government's efforts to reduce flood disaster risk and increase national security.

The earthquake disaster that hit Lombok on August 5 2018 has caused problems in NTB's economic recovery that have not been resolved. As a province highly dependent on the tourism sector, the impact of sluggish tourism due to the earthquake also impacted the weakening of other economic sectors. To overcome this problem, a strategy for the recovery program for UMKM (micro, small and medium enterprises) and IKM (small and medium industries) is taken which is fair, equitable, and on target. This strategy is considered the most effective in creating synergies with other economic sectors, including tourism. The presence of UMKM and IKM is often closely related to the existence of tourism destinations which are the backbone of the NTB economy. This research aims to provide an overview of the distribution and assist community capacity building through MSMEs in NTB to various parties, in order to facilitate the implementation of MSME and IKM recovery programs to revive the economy.

This research paper explores Japan's experiences in advancing resilience and fostering sustainable development through strategic investments in cutting-edge technology and innovative methodologies for disaster risk reduction. Japan, a country prone to natural disasters, has developed a comprehensive approach that encompasses strong governance, continuous learning, community empowerment, public awareness, and international collaboration. Through a mixed-method research methodology incorporating qualitative and quantitative analyses, this study examines Japan's robust disaster risk reduction framework and the role of cutting-edge technology in mitigating the impacts of hazards. The findings highlight Japan's multi-hazard approach, stringent building codes, and resilient infrastructure, which have significantly reduced disaster risks. The integration of innovative methodologies, such as community empowerment and early recovery planning, has fostered resilience at the grassroots level. Furthermore, the research showcases Japan's use of advanced technologies including early warning systems, remote sensing, and geospatial technologies. The lessons learned from Japan's experiences provide valuable insights for countries seeking to enhance their disaster risk reduction efforts and promote sustainable development. By investing in cutting-edge technology and adopting innovative methodologies, countries can effectively reduce disaster risks, build resilience, and foster sustainable development in the face of evolving challenges and hazards.

The natural disasters that occurred in Japan have caused losses both financially and in terms of casualties. Based on data from the Japanese government, the total losses experienced by the country from 1980 to 2010 amounted to US$ 208,230,800. Meanwhile, the number of recorded fatalities was 8,568 people, with an average of 276 fatalities per year due to natural disasters in Japan. This study aims to focus on the development of a disaster information system to reduce disaster risk in Japan which can also be implemented in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach. In this approach, researchers use descriptive methods to collect data. This approach was chosen because this research was conducted during an Overseas Work Lecture through a Video Conference from Japan on May 30, 2023. The conclusions from this study indicate that the Japanese government has changed its approach to natural disasters and prioritized disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs. They focus on better regional planning, building earthquake-resistant buildings, and raising community awareness. In addition, the disaster management system in Japan involves various government ministries and agencies working together in planning, implementing, and supervising disaster management operations. The Japanese government has a strong commitment to the DRR program and regards investment in disaster risk reduction as an important measure to protect the country's life and economy. Through improving urban planning, strict construction regulations, disaster education, and active community participation, Japan is trying to live side by side with disasters and has strong resilience against these threats.

Earthquakes are natural phenomena that have the potential to result in physical damage and loss of life. In an emergency like this, the performance of the TNI-AU Search and Rescue team has a direct influence on the effectiveness and efficiency of rescue efforts, as happened during the earthquake emergency response period in Cianjur Regency. A quick and precise response from the TNI-AU Search and Rescue team in emergency situations such as earthquakes can have a direct impact on the safety of victims. This study aims to evaluate the ability of personnel to deal with earthquake emergency response situations in Cianjur, West Java. The research method used is a qualitative approach that involves in-depth document analysis. In general, the TNI-AU has succeeded in achieving effectiveness and efficiency in rescue efforts during the earthquake emergency response period in Cianjur Regency, including in terms of fast and appropriate victim handling, coordination with related institutions, monitoring the latest information, and the availability of equipment and defense equipment support. The results of SAR training applied by the TNI-AU have proven to provide positive results, as can be seen from direct actions taken in a short time after the earthquake.

New Zealand faces challenges related to motorcycle gang activities that can threaten national security. In addressing this issue, the New Zealand government has made efforts to recognize motorcycle gangs as social communities to uphold national security. The method used in this research is qualitative research, and new findings regarding the research object will be supported by data collection techniques, such as structured interviews and group discussion with the Director of The Toda Peace Institute - Professor Kevin Paul Clements. This approach aims to change the negative perception of motorcycle gangs and involve them in more positive activities. In the government's efforts of social recognition towards motorcycle gangs as social communities, a softer policy approach is adopted. In this context, the government acknowledges the existence of motorcycle gangs as communities within society. This step aims to strengthen the social identity of motorcycle gangs and provide recognition to the community. The presence of motorcycle gangs in New Zealand poses significant security challenges. By enhancing their connection with the wider community, it can help maintain national security by engaging this community in positive and constructive endeavors. With this research, it is also hoped to contribute insights and recommendations to the Indonesian government on appropriate and suitable approaches to tackle the issue of motorbike gangs in Indonesia.

The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting all age groups from young children to the elderly. Children are a population that is included in the vulnerable group category. Through Healing and Education activities. The Jakarta Sahabat Anak Foundation seeks to reduce the impact of Covid-19 by providing direct assistance which is expected to contribute to the three main components of disaster management, namely prevention, direct response and recovery. The purpose of this study is to analyze the educative learning model and examine its implementation efforts to increase children's preparedness for the Covid-19 pandemic in order to support national resilience. The research method used is a case study qualitative method supported by data that has been obtained from observations, interviews and document studies, then analyzed, and the findings are obtained. The results of this study are that educative learning is known to be one of the tools that can increase children's preparedness in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. The Sahabat Anak Foundation is able to take appropriate actions to respond to the Covid-19 pandemic situation as a national disaster. Educational learning initiated by the Sahabat Anak Foundation is an activity that can help children in the process of adaptation, entertainment and learning in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of this study can be used as material for further research with the latest data so that it is more comprehensive.

Protection against the threat of damage to the natural environment, is more often faced with the creation of laws and regulations to prevent it. However, the rules made are more defeated by economic factors, domestic and world market needs. Likewise, the protection and management of the environment and natural resources relies heavily on economic factors as the main motive which subordinates norms and ethical factors. Many environmental experts are of the opinion that practical and technical measures to protect and manage the environment and natural resources that only rely on scientific and technological assistance are not the right solution. Then various solutions are offered to prevent environmental damage, including through the theory of adaptation. Another offer is through a religious teaching approach because the assumption is that through the argument of the holy book, excessive exploitation of nature and damage to the environment due to human actions can be prevented and is an important alternative. This research will discuss whether a religious approach can be effective in avoiding damage to the surrounding natural environment or not using a literature review technique. The results show that the verses and hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad actually invite mankind to listen, think, and be grateful for God's creation by utilizing nature, the environment and protecting the environment. Hence, the conclusion is religious approach can contribute to regional development in the era of regional autonomy freedom in facing environmental preservation in the midst of a very sharp and ruthless global capitalism. Even though the dominant form of this knowledge in modern society is not religious, but religion legitimizes social institutions and orders by giving them ontological status. Thus, the Ulama Fatwa in dealing with environmental damage is an important step to maintain a better life.

The Boundaries are important in maintaining national stability and security. Conflicts over territorial boundaries are common, both between countries and between provinces and regencies/cities. This is one of the important issues that have escaped the attention of the government so that various disputes arise between the community and the political elite at the border. The conflicts that occur are more caused by the triggering factor of boundary disputes, which in general have not been resolved due to the problem of resolving boundary lines due to different perceptions of the community and political elites. Boundary conflicts are usually very vulnerable if the contested area has excellent natural and economic resource potential. The purpose of this study is to describe the factors that cause conflict and the urgency of affirming boundaries and describe resolution efforts in efforts to resolve boundaries through regulation and non-regulation. The method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive type of approach through literature study. Based on the research results, it is understood that conflict resolution is used through two channels, namely: Non-litigation settlement of boundary conflicts and litigation settlement, Non-litigation is also called conflict resolution through government administration, in this case, mediated by the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Governor. While conflict resolution by litigation through judicial review and lawsuits filed by the parties to the Supreme Court or the Constitutional Court. The role of the government in resolving regional border conflicts is as a facilitator in the context of investigating conflicted cases, as well as a mediator in negotiations in resolving boundary conflicts

This study describe what lies behind the people of Palangkaraya carry out the tradition of waiting for the grave, the procedure of the implementation process waiting grave, awaiting a review of Islamic traditions graves in Palangkaraya. The method in this study the author uses descriptive qualitative approach. Batamat is last in the procession this tradition in which its implementation families prepare and sticky rice. In the execution authors found ethics or behavior that can not be justified performed by people who await the grave is sleeping on top of the grave. Tradition waite these graves can be said urf Saheeh because tradition is intended effort of a weak servant of Allah, to pray for the people who are in the grave so that God's mercy for the deceased, aims In order to maintain the graves to prevent theft and does not result in harm those who carry out the tradition of waiting for the tomb, While the tradition waite these graves can be said urf elements are imperfect caused harm to people waiting tombs, such as the implementation of people waiting grave so sick. Constituted with the intention that does not rely upon Allah.

• Oil palm initially produced Crude Palm Oil and Palm Kernel Oil as the main products of fresh fruit bunches, besides that currently the Indonesian palm oil industry utilizes the rest of the processing of fresh fruit bunches is waste as a soil enhancer. This study aims to determine the comparison of the total soil microbes, soil respiration, and the correlation between the two on the application. The research design used was a factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors. Factor I is the LCPKS application and factor II is the depth of soil sampling in the oil palm area. Parameters observed were total microbial and soil respiration. The results of observations are arranged in a variance table, if they are significantly different at the 5% level, then it is continued with the DMRT. The relationship between total microbes and soil respiration was analyzed by linear regression. The results showed that the total microbes were significantly different in the application land and without the POME application, the total microbes in the POME application area were higher than in the land without the application. but in the treatment of differences in soil depth there was no significant difference. The total microbial is positively correlated with soil respiration, the greater the total microbial, the higher the soil respiration.