Search

Improving energy efficiency in the transportation system is an important goal in facing the challenges of climate change and limited energy resources. Electric trains are a promising alternative for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Speed profile optimization has been a significant research focus on achieving maximum energy efficiency in electric trains. This paper aims to provide insight into energy efficiency using speed profile optimization. Several issues were discussed in this paper including energy consumption modeling methods, speed profile optimization methods, and integration of speed profile optimization with schedules and regenerative braking. This study concluded that the most frequently used energy consumption modeling is the deterministic model using the Davis equation. There are two classifications in optimization: classical and modern methods (heuristics). Classical optimization methods are often used on problems with simple constraints, and modern methods are often used on problems with more complex constraints or variables.

Jaringan sensor nirkabel digunakan untuk memantau suatu kondisi lingkungan seperti daerah rawan bencana. Konsumsi energi merupakan hal utama yang harus diperhatikan karena sangat susah untuk mengganti baterai dalam kondisi lingkungan yang jauh dari jangkauan manusia. Untuk topologi sepuluh hop dengan interval pengiriman satu detik, protokol s-mac adaptif listening mempunyai nilai throughput 66,33% lebih kecil dibanding protokol s-mac tanpa periode tidur, dan protokol tanpa adaptif listening mempunyai nilai trhoughput 82,36% lebih kecil dibanding protokol s-mac tanpa periode tidur. Sedangkan untuk interval pengiriman sepuluh detik ketiga protokol tersebut mempunyai nilai throughput yang sama yaitu sebesar 10 byte/detik. S-mac adaptif listening menghemat energi sebesar 65,94% dibanding dengan protokol s-mac tanpa periode tidur, dan protokol s-mac tanpa adaptif listening menghemat energi sebesar 45,55% dibanding protokol s-mac tanpa periode tidur. Pada topologi dua hop linier dengan dua node sumber, untuk interval pengiriman sepuluh detik semua protokol mempunyai nilai throughput yang lebih tinggi 100% dibanding dengan satu node sumber. Konsumsi energi pada dua node sumber untuk s-mac adaptif listening lebih boros sebesar 19,2% dibanding s-mac adaptif listening dengan satu node sumber dan untuk tanpa adaptif listening lebih boros 50,94%.

Indonesia's deep-sea microbial communities remain poorly understood, prompting the need for comprehensive investigations. This study aimed to assess the bacterial and archaeal diversities in northwestern Arafura deep-sea sediments, spanning depths of 100 to 1,457 m using a 16S rRNA based-metagenomic sequencing approach, without technical and biological replicates. Principal component analyses based on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index indicated that most of the bacterial and archaeal communities were habitat-specific and influenced by depth. The most prevalent known bacterial phylotypes were detected from all samples belonging to the phylum of Desulfobacteriota, Pseudomonadota, and Firmicutes. In addition, the samples also harbored diverse members of the Archaea domain, including Crenarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota and Haloarchaeota. Notably, the sequencing data revealed the significant presence of rare prokaryotic taxa, including uncultured counterparts with less than 1% abundance. The findings suggest that novel and rare prokaryotic taxa are abundant in northwestern Arafura deep-sea ecosystem, offering unique opportunities for further bioprospecting and functional ecology studies., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

A polyphasic study was designed to determine the taxonomic status of isolate CSLK01-03 T , which was recovered from an Indonesian neutral hot spring and provisionally assigned to the genus Rhodococcus . The isolate was found to have chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological properties typical of rhodococci. It has a rod-coccus lifecycle and grows from 10 to 39 °C, from pH 6.5 to 8.0 and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) sodium chloride. Whole-organism hydrolysates contain meso -diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose, the predominant menaquinone is MK-8 (H 2 ), the polar lipid pattern consists of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and two unidentified components, it produces mycolic acids, and C 16:0 is the major fatty acid. Whole-genome analyses show that the isolate and Rhodococcus electrodiphilus LMG 29881 T (GenBank accession: JAULCK000000000) have genome sizes of 5.5 and 5.1 Mbp, respectively. These strains and Rhodococcus aetherivorans DSM 44752 T and Rhodococcus ruber DSM 43338 T form well-supported lineages in 16S rRNA and whole-genome trees that are close to sister lineages composed of the type strains of Rhodococcus rhodochrous and related Rhodococcus species. The isolate can be distinguished from its closest evolutionary neighbours using combinations of cultural and phenotypic features, and by low DNA-DNA hybridization values. Based on these data it is proposed that isolate CSLK01-03 T (=CCMM B1310 T =ICEBB-06 T =NCIMB 15214 T ) be classified in the genus Rhodococcus as Rhodococcus indonesiensis sp. nov. The genomes of the isolate and its closest phylogenomic relatives are rich in biosynthetic gene clusters with the potential to synthesize new natural products, notably antibiotics. In addition, whole-genome-based taxonomy revealed that Rhodococcus electrodiphilus LMG 29881 T and Rhodococcus ruber DSM 43338 T belong to a single species. It is, therefore, proposed that R. electrodiphilus be recognized as a heterotypic synonym of R. ruber .

Synthetic biology has gained many interest around the globe in the last two decades, not only due to its rapid development but also the potential to provide addressable solutions using standardized design of biological systems. Considering its huge population, biodiversity, and natural resources, Indonesia could play an important role in shaping the future of synthetic biology towards a sustainable bio-circular economy. Here, we provide an overview of synthetic biology development in Indonesia, especially on exploring the potential of our biodiversity. We also discuss some potentials of synthetic biology in solving national issues. Furthermore, we also provide the projection and future landscape of synthetic biology development in Indonesia. In addition, we briefly explain the potential challenges that may arise during the development., Competing Interests: All authors declare that they have no conflicting interests., (© 2023 The Authors.)

A polyphasic study was designed to resolve the taxonomic position of isolate MGRD01-02 T which was recovered from an acidic hot spring in Indonesia and assigned to the genus Actinospica. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences show that the isolate is most closely related to the type strains of Actinospica acidiphila (98.5%), Actinospica robiniae (97.8%) and Actinospica durhamensis (96.8%). Morphological and chemotaxonomic data underpin the assignment of the isolate to the genus Actinospica as it forms an extensively branched substrate mycelium which carries tufts of white aerial hyphae that differentiate into straight to flexuous chains of cylindrical spores with faint rugose surfaces, contains 2,6-diamino-3-hydroxydiaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, mixtures of hydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units, iso-C  15:O and iso-C  16:O as major fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamine as the diagnostic phospholipid. Whole-genome sequence analyses show that the isolate, A. durhamensis CSCA 57 T and Actinocrinis puniceicyclus DSM 45168 T  have genome sizes of 7.9, 9.6 and 6.7 Mbp, respectively. A phylogenomic tree shows that they form distinct branches in a well-supported clade, a result supported by associated phenotypic data. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA:DNA hybridization similarities are below the recommended thresholds for assigning strains to the same species; they also indicate that isolate MGRD01-02 T is most closely related to the A. durhamensis and A. robiniae strains. Corresponding amino acid identity and conserved protein data not only support these relationships but also confirm the taxonomic integrity of the genus Actinocrinis. Based on these results, it is proposed that isolate MGRD01-02 T (= CCMM B1308 T = ICEBB-09 T = NCIMB 15218 T ) be classified in the genus Actinospica as Actinospica acidithermotolerans sp. nov. The draft genome of the isolate and its closest phylogenomic neighbours contain biosynthetic gene clusters with the potential to produce new natural products, notably antibiotics., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

A polyphasic study was designed to determine the taxonomic provenance of a strain, isolate PRKS01-29 T , recovered from an Indonesian sand dune and provisionally assigned to the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade. Genomic, genotypic and phenotypic data confirmed this classification. The isolate formed an extensively branched substrate mycelium which carried aerial hyphae that differentiated into spiral chains of rugose ornamented spores, contained LL-as the wall diaminopimelic acid, MK-9 (H 6 , H 8 ) as predominant isoprenologues, phosphatidylethanolamine as the diagnostic phospholipid and major proportions of saturated, iso- and anteiso- fatty acids. Whole-genome sequences generated for the isolate and Streptomyces albiflaviniger DSM 41598 T and Streptomyces javensis DSM 41764 T were compared with phylogenetically closely related strains, the isolate formed a branch within the S. violaceusniger clade in the resultant phylogenomic tree. Whole-genome sequences data showed that isolate PRKS01-29 T was most closely related to the S. albiflaviniger strain but was distinguished from the latter and from other members of the clade using combinations of phenotypic properties and average nucleotide identity and digital DNA:DNA hybridization scores. Consequently, it is proposed that isolate PRKS01-29 T (= CCMM B1303 T  = ICEBB-02 T  = NCIMB 15210 T ) should be classified in the genus Streptomyces as Streptomyces sabulosicollis sp. nov. It is also clear that streptomycetes which produce spiral chains of rugose ornamented spores form a well-defined monophyletic clade in the Streptomyces phylogenomic tree., the taxonomic status of which requires further study. The genome of the type strain of S. sabulosicollis contains biosynthetic gene clusters predicted to produce new natural products.

A Micromonospora strain, isolate MT25 T , was recovered from a sediment collected from the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench using a selective isolation procedure. The isolate produced two major metabolites, n -acetylglutaminyl glutamine amide and desferrioxamine B, the chemical structures of which were determined using 1D and 2D-NMR, including 1 H- 15 N HSQC and 1 H- 15 N HMBC 2D-NMR, as well as high resolution MS. A whole genome sequence of the strain showed the presence of ten natural product-biosynthetic gene clusters, including one responsible for the biosynthesis of desferrioxamine B. Whilst 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that the isolate was most closely related to the type strain of Micromonospora chalcea , a whole genome sequence analysis revealed it to be most closely related to Micromonospora tulbaghiae 45142 T . The two strains were distinguished using a combination of genomic and phenotypic features. Based on these data, it is proposed that strain MT25 T (NCIMB 15245 T , TISTR 2834 T ) be classified as Micromonospora provocatoris sp. nov. Analysis of the genome sequence of strain MT25 T (genome size 6.1 Mbp) revealed genes predicted to responsible for its adaptation to extreme environmental conditions that prevail in deep-sea sediments.

A polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the position of a Streptomyces strain, isolate PRKS01-65 T , recovered from sand dune soil collected at Parangkusumo, Yogyakarta Province, Java, Indonesia. A combination of chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological properties confirmed its position in the genus of Streptomyces . Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that the isolate was most closely related to Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii C34 T (99.9 % similarity) and loosely associated with the type strains of Streptomyces chiangmaiensis (98.7 % similarity) and Streptomyces glomeratus (98.9 % similarity). Multilocus sequence analyses based on five conserved housekeeping gene alleles confirmed the close relationship between the isolate and S. leeuwenhoekii C34 T , although both strains belonged to a well-supported clade that encompassed the type strains of S. glomeratus , Streptomyces griseomycini , Streptomyces griseostramineus , Streptomyces labedae , Streptomyces lomondensis and Streptomyces spinoverrucosus . A comparison of the draft genome sequence generated for the isolate with corresponding whole genome sequences of its closest phylogenomic neighbours showed that it formed a well-separated lineage with S. leeuwenhoekii C34 T . These strains can also be distinguished using a combination of phenotypic properties and by average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization similarities of 94.3 and 56 %, values consistent with their classification in different species. Based on this wealth of data it is proposed that isolate PRKS01-65 T (=NCIMB 15211 T =CCMM B1302 T =ICEBB-03 T ) be classified as Streptomyces harenosi sp. nov. The genome of the isolate contains several biosynthetic gene clusters with the potential to produce new natural products.