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West syndrome is classified as an epileptic encephalopathy. This syndrome is diagnosed in children aged 4-6 months. Its unsuccessful prognosis and complicated aetiology affects the delay of psychomotor development and cognitive functions of children. Repeated attacks inhibit the realization of next tasks assigned to the children’s age. Properly conducted treatment of West syndrome should be interdisciplinary and include pharmacological treatment, diet and rehabilitation. Pharmacological treatment of West syndrome includes: the ACTH hormone, corticosteroids (prednisolone), vigabatrin, valproic acid, nitrazepam, pyridoxine, zonisamide, topiramide. The therapy includes also a ketogenic diet which assumes changes in the proportion of nutrients. Predominant ingredient in the diet are fats (80-90% of daily intake of nutrients). Further, children with West syndrome require neuropsychological and motor rehabilitation (Vojta therapy, NDT- Bobath therapy). Cooperation of therapeutic experts with parents of the children makes it possible to achieve therapeutic benefits through improvement of the children's quality of life. Mental disability and cognitive impairment associated with the syndrome result in the loss of skills already acquired by children, therefore motivation and support of the children's parents is a significant task assigned to therapeutic team members.

Introduction Burns constitute the most common and severe injuries suffered in childhood. Objective The study was aimed at providing a retrospective analysis of the etiology, location, extent and depth of burns, as well as treatment methods and length of hospital stay. Material and Methods A retrospective analysis of 508 cases of children treated due to a thermal injury between 1 January 2007 31 December 2011 was conducted at the Department of Paediatrics, Urology and Paediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, L. Rydygier Provincial Hospital in Toruń, Poland. Results The sample group included more boys (58.9%) than girls (41.1%). The most numerous group comprised children aged 1–2 years (44.5%). Burns were largely suffered at home (91.9%). Injuries were largely caused by thermal burns (99.2%). Half of the children sustained injury to one body area (51.4%), while every third sufferer (37.9%) was affected by burns to body parts prone to trigger shock. Burns up to 5% of the Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) were suffered by half (51.2%) of the children. Most of the patients underwent conservative treatment (89.4%). Conclusions Burns were mostly suffered by children at 1–2 years of age, with boys prevailing over girls. Injuries were largely suffered at the child’s family home, in the afternoon or evening, while the child was in the care of the parents. Scalds, caused by hot liquid, constituted the most frequent type of injury. The most numerous group of affected children comprised burns to limb areas, and thorax with limbs, with the TBSA of up to 5%. The great majority of the patients underwent conservative treatment, with a hospitalization period of up to 3 days.

The aim of this single-center observational study was to analyze the applicability of various imaging studies to the diagnosis and further evaluation of patients with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). The analysis included the data of 10 patients with CRMO treated between 2016 and 2021. The mean ages of the patients at the first manifestation of CRMO and ultimate diagnosis were 10 years and 7 months and 11 years and 10 months, respectively. Conventional radiography demonstrated focal loss of bone density in only 30% of the patients. Computed tomography showed disseminated foci with non-homogeneous osteolytic/osteosclerotic structure, with a massive loss of cortical layer and strong periosteal reaction. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), most patients presented with multifocal hypodense areas on T1-weighted images, with the enhancement of signal on T-weighted and STIR sequences. The duration of follow-up varied between 3 months and 3 years. In 40% of the patients, both clinical symptoms and the abnormalities seen on MRI resolved completely, whereas another 50% showed partial regression of clinical and radiological manifestations. MRI findings, co-existing with characteristic clinical manifestations, play a pivotal role in establishing the ultimate diagnosis of CRMO. MRI can also be used to monitor the outcomes of treatment in CRMO patients.

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Barczykowska Ewa, Ślusarz Robert, Lewicka Marta, Lewandowska Barbara, Kurylak Andrzej. Evaluation of paediatric injury hospitalization incidence at Hospital Ward in Grudziądz. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(4):429-446. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.50582 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3491 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.04.2016. Revised 25.04.2016. Accepted: 27.04.2016. Evaluation of paediatric injury hospitalization incidence at Hospital Ward in Grudziądz Ewa Barczykowska1, Robert Ślusarz2, Marta Lewicka1,3, Barbara Lewandowska4, Andrzej Kurylak1,3 1Paediatric Nursing Department, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University (UMK) in Toruń 2Neurological and Neurosurgical Nursing Department, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University (UMK) in Toruń 3J. Brudziński Voivodship Paediatric Hospital in Bydgoszcz 4Correction Unit No. 2 in Grudziadz Mailing address: Marta Lewicka, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, UMK w Toruniu, ul. Techników 3, 85-801 Bydgoszcz, Poland; Phone 52 585 21 93, e-mail: marta_grabinska@hotmail.com Abstract Introduction. Children's and adolescents' injuries are a serious medical problem, as they lead to substantial medical and socio-economic effects. Aim of the paper. The aim of the conducted research was to analyze incidence and causes of hospitalizing children between birth and 18 years of age on the grounds of injuries. Material and methods. Medical histories of 2 832 children between birth and 18 years of age treated for injuries in 2006-2010 in Wladyslaw Bieganski Regional Specialist Hospital in Grudziadz were analyzed. Results. Correlations between treatment method and subsequent years of research (p

The electronic components mounted on the printed circuit boards (PCBs) of mobile phones represent a resource that is rich in metals, and after separation from the boards, these components could be considered secondary raw materials. The concentrations of the valuable metals are insignificant when compared with those of complete PCBs; however, they could be significantly higher in a fraction formed from the separated components. This study focused on the analysis of Ag, Au, Cu, Nd, Nb, Ni, Pb, Pd, Sn, and Ta in fractions produced by the separation of all the components mounted on PCBs from several types of mobile phones. Atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, and mass spectrometry techniques were utilized, and a comparison of five older models of “brick” phones and five modern smartphones was conducted. Additionally, 50 kg of PCBs from the current recycling market were analyzed in the same way to create a summary of the current recycling stream.

Lewicka Marta, Barczykowska Ewa, Jaworska Aleksandra, Daniluk-Matraś Irena, Kurylak Andrzej. The incidence of acute pancreatitis in children hospitalized with abdominal pain in Pediatric Surgery Clinic in Bydgoszcz. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(10):29-42. ISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.31917 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2810%29%3A29-42 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/647539 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2015. Revised 05.09.2015. Accepted: 29.09.2015. The incidence of acute pancreatitis in children hospitalized with abdominal pain in Pediatric Surgery Clinic in Bydgoszcz Marta Lewicka1, Ewa Barczykowska1, Aleksandra Jaworska2, Irena Daniluk‑Matraś2, Andrzej Kurylak1 1Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Pediatrycznego, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy 2Oddział Kliniczny Chirurgii Ogólnej i Onkologicznej Dzieci i Młodzieży, SU nr 1 im. A. Jurasza w Bydgoszczy Abstract Introduction The condition most frequently reported by children is abdominal pain, posing a substantial diagnostic problem. In paediatric population, acute pancreatitis occurs much less frequently than in adults. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to assess rate of acute pancreatitis in children accepted to hospital for abdominal pains. Material and methods The study was of a retrospective nature. 629 medical histories of children hospitalized in University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz for abdominal pains and/or acute pancreatitis were analyzed. Demographic data (sex, age, residence) and season of patients' admission were included in the study. Results The study reveals, that hospital admissions for abdominal pain more frequently regarded boys – 352 (55.96%) than girls – 277 (44.04%). Children of urban background formed 57.39% and those of rural background – 42.61%. In the studied group, acute pancreatitis concerned girls more frequently than boys (8.7% vs 3.7%). No statistical relationship was proven between the age and the acute pancreatitis occurrence. The average age of children with acute pancreatitis amounted to 11.02 years. Every third instance of acute pancreatitis was diagnosed in spring (32.4%), and every fifth (18.9%) in winter. Conclusions • An increase is observed in the number of children's hospital admissions for abdominal pains. Admissions for abdominal pains formed an average of one fifth of all admissions.. • A decrease in acute pancreatitis occurrence is observed in hospitalized children. • Acute pancreatitis occurred twice as often in girls than in boys. Keywords: children, pain, abdominal pain, pain evaluation, pancreas, pancreatitis, acute pancreatitis.

Introduction. Epilepsy belongs to the most frequently occurring nervous conditions. Depending on the course of the disease and on the support provided to the child from his/her closest family, the child’s physical, mental and social functioning differs. Aim. The aim of this paper is the physical functioning of epileptic children in the opinion of their parents. Material and Methods. The study was performed on 94 children with diagnosed epilepsy, treated in the Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences. A proprietary polling questionnaire as well as a parent-targeted QOLCE (Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire) served as the measure; consequently, parents or carers to the children within the study were also included as participants. Results. The studied children were rarely left unmanned during play, and they never spent a night out. In the assessment of the physical functioning performed by fathers and mothers, a statistically significant difference (p≤0.05) was observed; children function better in this section according to mothers. The parents’/carers’ education as well as the child’s educational facility is a statistically significant (p≤0.05) factor influencing physical functioning of a child. No significant difference was noted between the child’s area of residence (p≥0.05) and age (p≥0.05) and his/her physical functioning. Conclusions. The majority of the studied children attended a school or a kindergarten. Epilepsy significantly limits children when it comes to their physical functioning. Among factors influencing the level of a child’s physical functioning, parents’ education and child’s educational facility present themselves as the most relevant. (JNNN 2015; 4(4):146–151)

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a chronic and incurable disease, in which there is high possibility to significantly improve the patient’s condition. The formation of ways of describing the degree of physical impairment, the classification of everyday life communication skills or scales thanks to which there is high possibility to measure the quality of life in that specific group of patients, allows for thorough understanding of the needs, as well as systematic evaluation of therapeutic actions taken with respect to the patient with cerebral palsy. This work aims to provide the ways of describing a degree of physical impairment, the classification of everyday communication skills and the specific scales used to describe the quality of life patients with cerebral palsy. Research in the group of patients with ICP allows to learn the needs of patients and may be useful in channeling into development of the patients’ life quality from both clinical and social aspects. (JNNN 2014;3(4):183–187)

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Aims: This study presents an analysis of the sonographic and laboratory parameters of solitary kidney in Wilms tumour survivors (TWs) and compares these parameters with those of healthy individuals. Methods: Fifty-three TWs who completed treatment for Wilms tumour and 44 healthy individuals were enrolled. The study protocol consisted of completing a medical history, sonographic examination of the solitary kidney, estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by the Schwartz or MDRD formulas, albumin urine excretion and BP measurement. Results: Sonographic signs of kidney damage were observed in 22 (41,5%) TWs. The most frequently detected abnormalities are hyperechoic rings around renal pyramids (28,3% TWs). Hypertrophy of the solitary kidney occurred in 71,7% of cases. The mean volume of the solitary kidney was 77% of the sum of the two kidney volumes in the control group. The median eGFR in the TWs group was 117 with 25Q-105,5, 75Q-130 ml/min/1,73 m2 vs 131,8 with 25Q-124, 75Q-140 ml/min/1,73 m2 in the control group (p=0,000). Six TWs (11,3%) had a value of eGFR below 90 ml/min/1,73 m2. Increased urine albumin excretion (> 30 mg/g) was observed in 7 TWs (13,2%) and in 3 (6,8%) individuals in the control group. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic abnormalities in solitary kidney of TWs are frequent. The most frequently detected abnormalities are hyperechoic rings around renal pyramids. Sonographic examination of TWs ought to be performed not only to detect tumour recurrence but also to assess the signs of kidney damage and their progression.

Wole spowodowane niedoborem jodu jest schorzeniem występującym endemicznie w określonych regionach. Celem pracy była biochemiczna charakterystyka wola prostego u dzieci z województwa bydgoskiego oraz ocena zależności między wykładnikami laboratoryjnymi czynności tarczycy a wielkością gruczołu i rodzajem wola. Stwierdzono, że wole obojętne u dzieci przebiega najczęściej z eutyreozą. U dzieci z wolem stwierdzono istotnie niższe wartości T4 i nieistotnie wyższe poziomy T3. Wartość TSH nie wykazywała różnic w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Wykazano, że czynność hormonalna tarczycy obniża się w miarę powiększania rozmiarów wola.