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Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, City and Regional Planning, İzmir, 2015, Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 174-183), Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English, xii, 183 leaves, Place-making is an approach which represents a comprehensive framework in building public places with a major concern of assigning functions in an ongoing process. The major point that place-making distinguishes from the former approaches is underlining the process of making instead of the certain product of design. This thesis is a descriptive study which aims to explain the making process of contemporary practice in Turkey. The perceptions of privacy and publicness concepts in Turkish Culture are different than they are in Western Culture. These two cultures are similarly affected by recent movements against top-down policies which lead commodification of commons. Pressures cause reactions such as Wall Street Occupation and Occupation of Tahrir Square. When we consider Turkey, we see that the place-making process is driven by NGOs and platforms that advocate right to the city similar to worldwide movements. In this thesis place-making process in Turkey is introduced with its traditional background and its contemporary break through. Three types of bottom-up movements are taken as cases that are selected from Istanbul, the primary city of Turkey and under a great pressure of construction. Gezi Park Occupation, Kuzguncuk Farm Reaction and Don Quixote House Occupation and Yeldeğirmeni Neighborhood Revitalization are analyzed through main components of making process; actors, processes and outcomes. It is remarked that place-making process draws a distinct identity rather than the traditional approach to public places and aims to protect commons by advocating right to the city in different social contexts that reflect the complexity of place-making process., Yer-oluşturma, devam eden bir süreç içerisinde fonksiyon atama temel kaygısı ile estetik alanlar oluşturmada kapsamlı bir çerçeve sunan bir yaklaşımdır. Yer-oluşturmayı daha önceki yaklaşımlardan ayıran temel nokta, tasarımın tanımlanmış ürünü yerine oluşturma sürecinin altını çizmesidir. Bu tez, çağdaş Türkiye pratiğinin oluşturma sürecini açıklamayı amaçlayan tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Türk Kültürü’nde kamusallık ve mahremiyet kavramlarının algılanış şekli Batı Kültürü’ndekinden farklıdır. Bu iki kültür de müştereklerin metalaşmasına neden olan tepeden inme hükümet politikalarına karşı akımlardan benzer şekilde etkilenmektedir. Baskılar Wall Street İşgali ve Tahrir Meydanı İşgali gibi tepkilere neden olmuştur. Türkiye’ye baktığımızda, yer-oluşturma sürecinin, dünya genelindeki akımlara benzer şekilde kent hakkını savunan sivil toplum örgütleri ve platformlar tarafından yürütüldüğünü görürüz. Bu tezde, Türkiye’deki yer-oluşturma süreci geleneksel arka planı ve çağdaş kırılma noktası ile tanıtılmıştır. Türkiye’nin en büyük kenti olarak büyük bir yapılaşma tehdidi altında bulunan Istanbul’dan seçilen üç farklı tip aşağıdan yukarı toplumsal hareket alan çalışması olarak alınmıştır. Gezi Parkı İşgali, Kuzguncuk Bostanı Tepkisi ve Don Kişot Evi ve Yeldeğirmeni Mahallesinin Canlandırılması, oluşturma sürecinin temel bileşenleri; aktörler, süreç ve sonuç ürün doğrultusunda analiz edilmiştir. Yer-oluşturma sürecinin kamusal alana geleneksel yaklaşımdan farklı bir kimlik çizdiği ve yer-oluşturmanın karmaşıklığını yansıtan farklı sosyal bağlamlarda kent hakkı savunusu ile müşterekleri korumayı hedeflediği üzerinde durulmuştur.

ÖZETYAVAŞ KORONER AKIMLI HASTALARDA HOMOS STE N METABOL ZMASIVE HELICOBACTER PYLORI NFEKS YONU LE L ŞK SDR. ÖMÜR KURUYavaş koroner akım (YKA), normal anjiyografik görünüme rağmen, opak maddeninkoroner arterler boyunca ilerleyişinin yavaş oluşudur. Vasküler endotel disfonksiyonunun buantiteye sebep olabileceği ileri sürülmüştür. Artmış kan homosistein seviyesi endotelfonksiyonlarını kötüleştirmektedir. Kronik olarak Helicobacter pylori (HP) ile infektekişilerde, malabsorbsiyon neticesinde homosistein metabolizmasında rol alan Folik asit veB12 vitaminleri dolaşıma yeteince katılamamaktadır. Biz de çalışmamızda YKA'lı bireylerdeHP infeksiyonu sıklığını ve bunun kan folik asit, B12 vitamini ve homosistein seviyeleri ileilişkisini araştırdık.Anjiyografik olarak normal olan ve risk profilleri ile demografik verileri birbirinebenzer, YKA bulunan ve bulunmayan 40'ar olgu çalışmaya alındı. Tüm bireylerin açlık folat,vitamin B12 ve homosistein seviyeleri tespit edildi. Karbon 14 üre nefes testi ile HP varlığıaraştırıldı.Her iki grubun vitamin B12 düzeyleri birbirine benzerdi. YKA'lı olgularda folatseviyesi normal akımlı bireylere göre anlamlı ölçüde düşük, homosistein seviyesi ise anlamlıölçüde yüksek saptandı. YKA'lı hastalarda HP infeksiyonu kontrol grubuna göre anlamlıölçüde fazla bulundu. HP ile infekte kişilerde de bu patojeni taşımayanlara göre folat seviyesianlamlı ölçüde azalmış ve homosistein düzeyleri artmıştı. Folat seviyesi ile TIMI kare sayısıarasında anlamlı ters ilişki, homosistein ve folat seviyesi arasında da anlamlı doğrusal birilişki mevcuttu. Plazma folat düzeyi kan homosistein seviyesinin bağımsız bir belirleyicisiydi.YKA'lı hastalarda folat düzeyi azalmış, homosistein seviyesi ise artmıştır. HP infeksiyonu,homosistein metabolizmasında görevli vitaminlerin emilimlerinin engelleyerek homosisteinseviyesini artırabilir ve YKA nedeni olabilir. YABANCI D L ÖZETHOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM AND ITS RELATONSHIP WITH HELICOBACTERPYLORI INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH SLOW CORONARY FLOWOMUR KURU, MDSlow coronary flow (SCF) is delayed opacification of vessels in a normal coronaryangiogram. Helicobacter pylori infection (HP) causes malabsorption of vitamin B12 and folate,leading to an increase in Homocysteine which may disturb vascular endothelial function andcause SCF. We investigated plasma Homocysteine, B12 and folate levels and their relationwith HP in SCF patients.40 patients with SCF and 40 cases with normal coronary flow with similar risk profilewere enrolled in this study. Fasting plasma Homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate levels weremeasured. Presence of HP was explored by C14 urea breath test.Vitamin B12 levels were similar but folate level was reduced in SCF group. PlasmaHomocysteine level and HP were increased in SCF patients. Homocysteine was increased andfolate was decreased in patients with HP. In correlation analysis, we found significantnegative correlations between plasma folate and Homocysteine and between folate and meanTIMI frame count. There was a positive correlation between plasma Homocysteine level andmean TIMI frame count. Folate level was the only significant determinant of Homocysteine inmultiple regression analysis.Our data showed that in patients with SCF, plasma folate level was decreased andplasma Homocysteine level was increased. Also the prevalence of HP was increased inpatients with SCF. HP may cause an elevation of plasma Homocysteine and this may play arole in the pathogenesis of SCF. 75

Objectives: We investigated the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular structure in male patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Study design: Thirty-three male patients with severe OSA underwent CPAP treatment for six months. Compliance was defined as the use of CPAP for at least 3.5 hours per night during treatment; thus, 25 patients (mean age 47.9±8.2 years) were compliant with a mean of 5.3±1.9 hours, and eight patients (mean age 48.6±8.4 years) were noncompliant with a mean of 1.0±0.8 hours. Before and after CPAP, echocardiographic assessments were made to determine left ventricular structure (interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular mass index) and function (E/A ratio, isovolumic relaxation time, mitral deceleration time, and velocity of mitral flow propagation), and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. In the compliant group, 20 patients had hypertension, 22 patients had diastolic dysfunction, and 16 patients had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). All noncompliant patients were hypertensive, four had diastolic dysfunction, and four had LVH. Results: Systolic and diastolic BPs significantly decreased after CPAP treatment, the decreases being more pronounced in the compliant group (p

Objectives: We investigated the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular structure in male patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Study design: Thirty-three male patients with severe OSA underwent CPAP treatment for six months. Compliance was defined as the use of CPAP for at least 3.5 hours per night during treatment; thus, 25 patients (mean age 47.9±8.2 years) were compliant with a mean of 5.3±1.9 hours, and eight patients (mean age 48.6±8.4 years) were noncompliant with a mean of 1.0±0.8 hours. Before and after CPAP, echocardiographic assessments were made to determine left ventricular structure (interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular mass index) and function (E/A ratio, isovolumic relaxation time, mitral deceleration time, and velocity of mitral flow propagation), and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. In the compliant group, 20 patients had hypertension, 22 patients had diastolic dysfunction, and 16 patients had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). All noncompliant patients were hypertensive, four had diastolic dysfunction, and four had LVH. Results: Systolic and diastolic BPs significantly decreased after CPAP treatment, the decreases being more pronounced in the compliant group (p

Background and Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a critical association with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and aortic stiffness are early signs of atherosclerosis. The presence of subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed in OSA patients using these parameters. Methods: 40 patients with OSA showing an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ?5 (mean age 51.3 ± 9 years, 32 males) and 24 controls (AHI < 5, mean age 51.9 ± 5.2 years, 19 males) were enrolled in the study. In all subjects, polysomnographic examination and recordings were performed during sleep. IMT of the carotid artery, endothelium-dependent/-independent vasodilation of the brachial artery and aortic elastic parameters were investigated using high-resolution Doppler echocardiography. Results: The demographic data of the patients with OSA and controls were not significantly different. Subjects with OSA demonstrated higher values of aortic stiffness (7.1 ± 1.88 vs. 6.42 ± 1.56, respectively) and IMT (0.85 ± 0.13 vs. 0.63 ± 0.11 mm, p = 0.0001, respectively) but lower distensibility (9.47 ± 1.33 vs. 11.8 ± 3.36 cm2/dyn/106) and FMD (4.57 ± 1.3 vs. 6.34 ± 0.83%, p = 0.0001, respectively) than the controls. The respiratory disturbance index correlated positively with aortic stiffness and IMT and negatively with distensibility and FMD. Conclusion: We observed blunted endothelium-dependent dilatation, increased carotid IMT and aortic stiffness in patients with OSA compared with matched control subjects. This is evident in the absence of other diseases, suggesting that OSA is an independent cause of atherosclerosis. These simple and non-invasive methods help to detect subclinical atherosclerosis in OSA. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG.

Amaç: Metabolik sendrom (MS), kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini artırdığı kabul edilen bir durumdur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, NCEP (ATP III) kriterlerine göre MS tanısı konmuş hastalarda, sol ventrikül fonksiyonlarını atriyoventriküler plan yer değişimi (AVPD), miyokardiyal performans indeksi (MPİ) ve konvansiyonel metodlarla değerlendirmektir. Yöntemler: Metabolik sendromlu 53 kadın hasta (ortalama yaş 53.5±6.9 yıl) ve 30 sağlıklı kadın (ortalama yaş 52.7±6.3 yıl, p>0.05) tam ekokardiyografik değerlendirmeye alındı. Olguların hiçbirinde kalp ve akciğer hastalığı yoktu. Sistolik mitral AVPD 4 bölgeden (septal, lateral, anteriyor ve posteriyor) M-mod ekokardiyografi ile ölçüldü ve ortalama AVPD’den sol ventrikül ejeksiyon fraksiyonu (EF) hesaplandı (EF-AVPD). Sol ventrikül EF, ayrıca biplan Simpson (EF-2D) ve Teichholz (EF-T) metodlarıyla da değerlendirildi. Miyokardiyal performans indeksi, Doppler ekokardiyografi ile (isovolümik kontraksiyon zamanı + isovolümik relaksasyon zamanı) / aortik ejeksiyon zamanı) formülünden hesaplandı. Bulgular: Metabolik sendromlu kadınlar, sağlıklı kişilerle kıyaslandığında hafif sol ventrikül diyastolik disfonksiyonu (DD) gösterdiler. Hasta ve kontrol gruplarında EF-2D ve EF-T anlamlı fark oluşturmadı ve normal sınırlardaydı. Metabolik sendromlu hastalar sağlıklı kişilere göre sol ventrikül global disfonksiyonu gösterdiler (MPİ sırasıyla 0.56±0.12 ve 0.46±0.11, p