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1. Many Labs 5: Testing Pre-Data-Collection Peer Review as an Intervention to Increase Replicability

Author

Lena F. Aeschbach, Balazs Aczel, Maria Vlachou, Blair Saunders, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Ailsa E. Millen, Christopher R. Chartier, Danielle J. Kellier, Carlo Chiorri, Damian Pieńkosz, Tiago Jessé Souza de Lima, Sean Hughes, Carmel A. Levitan, Luca Andrighetto, Mallory C. Kidwell, Domenico Viganola, Sebastiaan Pessers, Sue Kraus, Claudia Chloe Brumbaugh, John E. Edlund, Ernest Baskin, Anna Fedor, Brett Mercier, Michał J. Białek, Sean Coary, Antonia M. Ciunci, Bence E. Bakos, Jon Grahe, Sabina Kołodziej, Radomir Belopavlović, Emilian Pękala, William J. Chopik, Rosanna E. Guadagno, Don A. Moore, Florian Brühlmann, Gideon Nave, Katarzyna Idzikowska, Rachel L. Shubella, Ryan J. Walker, Orsolya Szöke, Mathias Kauff, Ana Orlić, Sara Steegen, Hans IJzerman, Katarzyna Kuchno, Mitchell M. Metzger, Heather M. Claypool, Michael J. Wood, Samuel Lincoln Bezerra Lins, Michael C. Frank, Benjamin Dering, Iris Žeželj, Erica Baranski, Sophia C. Weissgerber, Timothy Razza, Leanne Boucher, Magnus Johannesson, R. Weylin Sternglanz, Yiling Chen, Maya B. Mathur, Christian Nunnally, Jonathan Ravid, Charles R. Ebersole, Lauren Skorb, Kurt Schuepfer, Łukasz Markiewicz, Thomas Schultze, Katherine S. Corker, Thomas Pfeiffer, Darko Stojilović, Oliver Christ, Kayla Ashbaugh, Alan Jern, Caio Ambrosio Lage, Filipe Falcão, Austin Lee Nichols, Peter Babincak, Mauro Giacomantonio, Sean C. Rife, Rafał Muda, Lacy E. Krueger, Jeremy K. Miller, Juliette Richetin, Martin Corley, Venus Meyet, W. Matthew Collins, Luana Elayne Cunha de Souza, Lynda A. R. Stein, Christopher Day, Erica Casini, Astrid Schütz, Ann-Kathrin Torka, Anna Dreber, Diane-Jo Bart-Plange, Steffen R. Giessner, Holly Arrow, Przemysław Sawicki, Joachim Hüffmeier, Ian R. Ferguson, Anna Dalla Rosa, Natasha Tidwell, Hause Lin, Matthew R. Penner, Boban Petrović, Bojana Bodroža, Janos Salamon, Josiah P. J. King, Mark Zrubka, Diane B. V. Bonfiglio, Stefan Schulz-Hardt, Emily Fryberger, Gabriel Baník, David Zealley, Amanda M. Kimbrough, Ewa Hałasa, William Jiménez-Leal, Angelo Panno, Karolina Krasuska, Michael Inzlicht, Jack Arnal, Madhavi Menon, Jia E. Loy, Vanessa S. Kolb, Nicholas G. Bloxsom, Michael H. Bernstein, Máire B. Ford, Grecia Kessinger, Marija V. Čolić, Wolf Vanpaemel, Barnabas Szaszi, Carly tocco, Nick Buttrick, Emanuele Preti, Andres Montealegre, Brian A. Nosek, Katarzyna Gawryluk, Kaylis Hase Rudy, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Anna Palinkas, Rúben Silva, Daniel Wolf, Sarah A. Novak, Aaron L. Wichman, Manuela Thomae, Adam Siegel, Ivana Pedović, Eleanor V. Langford, Kathleen Schmidt, Daniel Storage, Attila Szuts, Ljiljana B. Lazarević, Paul G. Curran, Rias A. Hilliard, Alexander Garinther, Joshua K. Hartshorne, Ani N. Shabazian, Tiago Ramos, Peter Szecsi, Hugh Rabagliati, Kimberly P. Parks, Lily Feinberg, Dylan Manfredi, Ivan Ropovik, Katrin Rentzsch, Michelangelo Vianello, Barbara Sioma, Marton Kovacs, Francis Tuerlinckx, Peter J. B. Hancock, Bradford J. Wiggins, Gavin Brent Sullivan, Danka Purić, Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie : Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP-PC2S), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Department of Organisation and Personnel Management, Human Resource Excellence, Ebersole, C, Mathur, M, Baranski, E, Bart-Plange, D, Buttrick, N, Chartier, C, Corker, K, Corley, M, Hartshorne, J, Ijzerman, H, Lazarević, L, Rabagliati, H, Ropovik, I, Aczel, B, Aeschbach, L, Andrighetto, L, Arnal, J, Arrow, H, Babincak, P, Bakos, B, Baník, G, Baskin, E, Belopavlović, R, Bernstein, M, Białek, M, Bloxsom, N, Bodroža, B, Bonfiglio, D, Boucher, L, Brühlmann, F, Brumbaugh, C, Casini, E, Chen, Y, Chiorri, C, Chopik, W, Christ, O, Ciunci, A, Claypool, H, Coary, S, Čolić, M, Collins, W, Curran, P, Day, C, Dering, B, Dreber, A, Edlund, J, Falcão, F, Fedor, A, Feinberg, L, Ferguson, I, Ford, M, Frank, M, Fryberger, E, Garinther, A, Gawryluk, K, Ashbaugh, K, Giacomantonio, M, Giessner, S, Grahe, J, Guadagno, R, Hałasa, E, Hancock, P, Hilliard, R, Hüffmeier, J, Hughes, S, Idzikowska, K, Inzlicht, M, Jern, A, Jiménez-Leal, W, Johannesson, M, Joy-Gaba, J, Kauff, M, Kellier, D, Kessinger, G, Kidwell, M, Kimbrough, A, King, J, Kolb, V, Kołodziej, S, Kovacs, M, Krasuska, K, Kraus, S, Krueger, L, Kuchno, K, Lage, C, Langford, E, Levitan, C, de Lima, T, Lin, H, Lins, S, Loy, J, Manfredi, D, Markiewicz, Ł, Menon, M, Mercier, B, Metzger, M, Meyet, V, Millen, A, Miller, J, Montealegre, A, Moore, D, Muda, R, Nave, G, Nichols, A, Novak, S, Nunnally, C, Orlić, A, Palinkas, A, Panno, A, Parks, K, Pedović, I, Pękala, E, Penner, M, Pessers, S, Petrović, B, Pfeiffer, T, Pieńkosz, D, Preti, E, Purić, D, Ramos, T, Ravid, J, Razza, T, Rentzsch, K, Richetin, J, Rife, S, Rosa, A, Rudy, K, Salamon, J, Saunders, B, Sawicki, P, Schmidt, K, Schuepfer, K, Schultze, T, Schulz-Hardt, S, Schütz, A, Shabazian, A, Shubella, R, Siegel, A, Silva, R, Sioma, B, Skorb, L, de Souza, L, Steegen, S, Stein, L, Sternglanz, R, Stojilović, D, Storage, D, Sullivan, G, Szaszi, B, Szecsi, P, Szöke, O, Szuts, A, Thomae, M, Tidwell, N, Tocco, C, Torka, A, Tuerlinckx, F, Vanpaemel, W, Vaughn, L, Vianello, M, Viganola, D, Vlachou, M, Walker, R, Weissgerber, S, Wichman, A, Wiggins, B, Wolf, D, Wood, M, Zealley, D, Žeželj, I, Zrubka, M, Nosek, B, and Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação

Subjects
replication, metascience, Registered Reports, biology, media_common.quotation_subject, Curran, 05 social sciences, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, open data, Art history, 050109 social psychology, Art, biology.organism_classification, preregistered, 050105 experimental psychology, Attila, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, reproducibility, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], General Psychology, media_common
Abstract

Additional co-authors: Ivan Ropovik, Balazs Aczel, Lena F. Aeschbach, Luca Andrighetto, Jack D. Arnal, Holly Arrow, Peter Babincak, Bence E. Bakos, Gabriel Banik, Ernest Baskin, Radomir Belopavlovic, Michael H. Bernstein, Michal Bialek, Nicholas G. Bloxsom, Bojana Bodroža, Diane B. V. Bonfiglio, Leanne Boucher, Florian Bruhlmann, Claudia C. Brumbaugh, Erica Casini, Yiling Chen, Carlo Chiorri, William J. Chopik, Oliver Christ, Antonia M. Ciunci, Heather M. Claypool, Sean Coary, Marija V. Cˇolic, W. Matthew Collins, Paul G. Curran, Chris R. Day, Anna Dreber, John E. Edlund, Filipe Falcao, Anna Fedor, Lily Feinberg, Ian R. Ferguson, Maire Ford, Michael C. Frank, Emily Fryberger, Alexander Garinther, Katarzyna Gawryluk, Kayla Ashbaugh, Mauro Giacomantonio, Steffen R. Giessner, Jon E. Grahe, Rosanna E. Guadagno, Ewa Halasa, Rias A. Hilliard, Joachim Huffmeier, Sean Hughes, Katarzyna Idzikowska, Michael Inzlicht, Alan Jern, William Jimenez-Leal, Magnus Johannesson, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Mathias Kauff, Danielle J. Kellier, Grecia Kessinger, Mallory C. Kidwell, Amanda M. Kimbrough, Josiah P. J. King, Vanessa S. Kolb, Sabina Kolodziej, Marton Kovacs, Karolina Krasuska, Sue Kraus, Lacy E. Krueger, Katarzyna Kuchno, Caio Ambrosio Lage, Eleanor V. Langford, Carmel A. Levitan, Tiago Jesse Souza de Lima, Hause Lin, Samuel Lins, Jia E. Loy, Dylan Manfredi, Łukasz Markiewicz, Madhavi Menon, Brett Mercier, Mitchell Metzger, Venus Meyet, Jeremy K. Miller, Andres Montealegre, Don A. Moore, Rafal Muda, Gideon Nave, Austin Lee Nichols, Sarah A. Novak, Christian Nunnally, Ana Orlic, Anna Palinkas, Angelo Panno, Kimberly P. Parks, Ivana Pedovic, Emilian Pekala, Matthew R. Penner, Sebastiaan Pessers, Boban Petrovic, Thomas Pfeiffer, Damian Pienkosz, Emanuele Preti, Danka Puric, Tiago Ramos, Jonathan Ravid, Timothy S. Razza, Katrin Rentzsch, Juliette Richetin, Sean C. Rife, Anna Dalla Rosa, Kaylis Hase Rudy, Janos Salamon, Blair Saunders, Przemyslaw Sawicki, Kathleen Schmidt, Kurt Schuepfer, Thomas Schultze, Stefan Schulz-Hardt, Astrid Schutz, Ani N. Shabazian, Rachel L. Shubella, Adam Siegel, Ruben Silva, Barbara Sioma, Lauren Skorb, Luana Elayne Cunha de Souza, Sara Steegen, L. A. R. Stein, R. Weylin Sternglanz, Darko Stojilovic, Daniel Storage, Gavin Brent Sullivan, Barnabas Szaszi, Peter Szecsi, Orsolya Szoke, Attila Szuts, Manuela Thomae, Natasha D. Tidwell, Carly Tocco, Ann-Kathrin Torka, Francis Tuerlinckx, Wolf Vanpaemel, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Michelangelo Vianello, Domenico Viganola, Maria Vlachou, Ryan J. Walker, Sophia C. Weissgerber, Aaron L. Wichman, Bradford J. Wiggins, Daniel Wolf, Michael J. Wood, David Zealley, Iris Žeželj, Mark Zrubka, and Brian A. Nosek

Published
2020
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2. Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of Vohs and Schooler (2008), Experiment 1

Author

Kurt Schuepfer, Lena F. Aeschbach, Ann-Kathrin Torka, Ryan J. Walker, Heather M. Claypool, Nick Buttrick, Michael J. Wood, Peter Szecsi, Manuela Thomae, Orsolya Szöke, Joachim Hüffmeier, Marton Kovacs, Florian Brühlmann, Balazs Aczel, Bence E. Bakos, and Attila Szuts

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Illusion, Morality, 01 natural sciences, 050105 experimental psychology, Replication (computing), 010104 statistics & probability, Open data, Reading (process), Free will, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Moral responsibility, 0101 mathematics, Psychology, Social psychology, General Psychology, media_common
Abstract

Does convincing people that free will is an illusion reduce their sense of personal responsibility? Vohs and Schooler (2008) found that participants reading from a passage “debunking” free will cheated more on experimental tasks than did those reading from a control passage, an effect mediated by decreased belief in free will. However, this finding was not replicated by Embley, Johnson, and Giner-Sorolla (2015), who found that reading arguments against free will had no effect on cheating in their sample. The present study investigated whether hard-to-understand arguments against free will and a low-reliability measure of free-will beliefs account for Embley et al.’s failure to replicate Vohs and Schooler’s results. Participants ( N = 621) were randomly assigned to participate in either a close replication of Vohs and Schooler’s Experiment 1 based on the materials of Embley et al. or a revised protocol, which used an easier-to-understand free-will-belief manipulation and an improved instrument to measure free will. We found that the revisions did not matter. Although the revised measure of belief in free will had better reliability than the original measure, an analysis of the data from the two protocols combined indicated that free-will beliefs were unchanged by the manipulations, d = 0.064, 95% confidence interval = [−0.087, 0.22], and in the focal test, there were no differences in cheating behavior between conditions, d = 0.076, 95% CI = [−0.082, 0.22]. We found that expressed free-will beliefs did not mediate the link between the free-will-belief manipulation and cheating, and in exploratory follow-up analyses, we found that participants expressing lower beliefs in free will were not more likely to cheat in our task.

Published
2020
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3. Many Labs 5: Testing pre-data collection peer review as an intervention to increase replicability

Author

Charles R. Ebersole, Maya B Mathur, Erica Baranski, Diane-Jo Bart-Plange, Nick Buttrick, Christopher R. Chartier, Katherine S. Corker, Martin Corley, Joshua K. Hartshorne, Hans IJzerman, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Hugh Rabagliati, Ivan Ropovik, Balazs Aczel, Lena Fanya Aeschbach, Luca Andrighetto, Jack Dennis Arnal, Holly Arrow, Peter Babincak, Bence Endre Bakos, Gabriel Baník, Ernest Baskin, Radomir Belopavlović, Michael Bernstein, Michal Bialek, Nicholas Bloxsom, Bojana Bodroža, Diane B. V. Bonfiglio, Leanne Boucher, Florian Brühlmann, Claudia Chloe Brumbaugh, Erica Casini, Yiling Chen, Carlo Chiorri, William J. Chopik, Oliver Christ, Heather M. Claypool, Sean coary, Marija V. Čolić, W. Matthew Collins, Paul G Curran, Chris Day, Benjamin Dering, Anna Dreber, John Edlund, Filipe Falcão, Anna Fedor, Lily Feinberg, Ian Ferguson, Máire Ford, Michael C. Frank, Emily Fryberger, Alexander Garinther, Katarzyna Gawryluk, Mauro Giacomantonio, Steffen Robert Giessner, Jon E. Grahe, Rosanna Elizabeth Guadagno, Ewa Hałasa, Peter Hancock, Joachim Hüffmeier, Sean Hughes, Katarzyna Idzikowska, Michael Inzlicht, Alan Jern, William Jimenez-Leal, Magnus Johannesson, Jennifer Alana Joy-Gaba, Mathias Kauff, Danielle Kellier, Mallory Kidwell, Amanda Kimbrough, Josiah King, Sabina Kołodziej, Marton Kovacs, Karolina Krasuska, Sue Kraus, Lacy Elise Krueger, Katarzyna Kuchno, Caio Ambrosio Lage, Eleanor V. Langford, Carmel Levitan, Tiago Jessé Souza Lima, Hause Lin, Samuel Lins, J E Loy, Dylan Manfredi, Lukasz Markiewicz, Madhavi Menon, Brett Mercier, Mitchell Metzger, Ailsa E Millen, Jeremy K. Miller, Andres Montealegre, Don A Moore, Gideon Nave, Austin Lee Nichols, Sarah Ann Novak, Ana Orlic, Angelo Panno, Kimberly P. Parks, Ivana Pedović, Emilian Pękala, Matthew R. Penner, Sebastiaan Pessers, Boban Petrovic, Thomas Pfeiffer, Damian Pieńkosz, Emanuele Preti, Danka Purić, Tiago Silva Ramos, Jon Ravid, Timothy Razza, Katrin Rentzsch, Juliette Richetin, Sean Chandler Rife, Anna Dalla Rosa, Janos Salamon, Blair Saunders, Przemyslaw Sawicki, Kathleen Schmidt, Kurt Schuepfer, Thomas Schultze, Stefan Schulz-Hardt, Astrid Schütz, Ani Shabazian, Rúben Filipe Lopes Silva, Barbara Sioma, Lauren Skorb, Luana Elayne Cunha Souza, sara steegen, LAR Stein, R. Weylin Sternglanz, Darko Stojilović, Daniel Storage, Gavin Brent Sullivan, Barnabas Szaszi, Peter Szecsi, Orsolya Szoke, Attila Szuts, Manuela Thomae, Natasha Davis Tidwell, Carly tocco, Ann-Kathrin Torka, francis tuerlinckx, wolf vanpaemel, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Michelangelo Vianello, Domenico Viganola, Maria Vlachou, Ryan J. Walker, Sophia Christin Weissgerber, Aaron Lee Wichman, Bradford Jay Wiggins, Daniel Wolf, Michael James Wood, David A. Zealley, Iris Zezelj, Mark Zrubka, and Brian A. Nosek

Abstract

Replications in psychological science sometimes fail to reproduce prior findings. If replications use methods that are unfaithful to the original study or ineffective in eliciting the phenomenon of interest, then a failure to replicate may be a failure of the protocol rather than a challenge to the original finding. Formal pre-data collection peer review by experts may address shortcomings and increase replicability rates. We selected 10 replications from the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (RP:P; Open Science Collaboration, 2015) in which the original authors had expressed concerns about the replication designs before data collection and only one of which was “statistically significant” (p < .05). Commenters suggested that lack of adherence to expert review and low-powered tests were the reasons that most of these RP:P studies failed to replicate (Gilbert et al., 2016). We revised the replication protocols and received formal peer review prior to conducting new replications. We administered the RP:P and Revised protocols in multiple laboratories (Median number of laboratories per original study = 6.5; Range 3 to 9; Median total sample = 1279.5; Range 276 to 3512) for high-powered tests of each original finding with both protocols. Overall, Revised protocols produced similar effect sizes as RP:P protocols following the preregistered analysis plan (Δr = .002 or .014, depending on analytic approach). The median effect size for Revised protocols (r = .05) was similar to RP:P protocols (r = .04) and the original RP:P replications (r = .11), and smaller than the original studies (r = .37). The cumulative evidence of original study and three replication attempts suggests that effect sizes for all 10 (median r = .07; range .00 to .15) are 78% smaller on average than original findings (median r = .37; range .19 to .50), with very precisely estimated effects.

Published
2019
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