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Objective: There is a need for a reliable complementary diagnostic tool that ideally helps to screen, differentiate sites, activities of and predict future periodontal tissue destruction. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the screening and prevention potential of the chair-side/point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic test of salivary active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) levels at different stages of periodontal disease and periodontal health. Material & methods: 80 individuals were included in this study; 18 with periodontitis stage 3 (P-Stage III), 19 with periodontitis stage-4 (P-Stage IV), 21 with gingivitis, and 22 with clinically healthy periodontium (H). The aMMP-8 levels in GCF and saliva were analyzed by chairside point-of-care aMMP-8 lateral flow immunotest and also by a time-resolved immunofluorescence assay (IFMA). Results: The sensitivity of the chair-side/PoC test was 83.9 % while specificity was 79.2 %. The aMMP-8 IFMA levels in GCF were significantly higher in P-Stage IV group than P-Stage III, gingivitis and healthy groups (p = 0.01, p = 0.001, p = 0.00, respectively). Moreover, P-Stage III and gingivitis groups had significantly higher aMMP-8 IFMA levels than the healthy group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The aMMP-8 chair-side test showed promising results in its ability to recognize and predict the inflammatory status even at the very initial/early stages. aMMP-8 chair-side test could be a valuable adjunctive diagnostic and preventive tool to conventional clinical methods in detecting periodontal disease. © 2020, TYH 2018229, TYH2016251, TYH207251, Y1014SLO17, Y1014SLO18 Karolinska Institutet, KI, This work was supported by grants from the Helsinki University Hospital Research Foundation ( TYH2016251 , TYH207251 , TYH 2018229 , Y1014SLO17 , Y1014SLO18 ); Apollonia Foundation, Helsinki, Finland and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden .

Introduction: Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) -8 plays crucial role in pathogenesis of periodontitis and is also a possible biomarker candidate in peri-implantitis. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse MMP-8 levels in periImplant Sulcus Fluid (PISF) from peri-implantitis affected implants in smoking and non-smoking patients with different periodontal health status of natural teeth before and after peri-implantitis treatment. Settings and Design: Altogether 29 patients with peri-implantitis were recruited and divided into two study groups (11 with healthy periodontium or gingivitis, i.e. no marginal bone loss, and 18 with chronic periodontitis). Materials and Methods: PISF sample from one implant with peri-implantitis from each patient was collected at the baseline and six months after conservative and surgical peri-implantitis treatment, and clinical parameters were registered. Samples were analysed for MMP-8 with dento ELISA method applying a monoclonal antibody. Mucosal cell samples were also analysed for IL-1 gene polymorphism. PISF MMP-8 levels’ differences between periodontal diagnosis groups and between smokers’ and non-smokers’ were analysed. Also, IL-1 polymorphism profiles were compared between study groups. Results: PISF MMP-8 levels were higher at the baseline compared to and after the treatment when all sampled implant sites were analysed together (p = 0.001). MMP-8 levels’ distribution was broader in periodontitis patients’ PISF samples, and only in periodontitis patients’ group levels decreased statistically significantly after the treatment (p = 0.005). Smokers’and nonsmokers’ PISF MMP-8 was at similar level both at the baseline and after the treatment. No difference between distributions of IL-1 genotypes was found between study groups. Conclusion: MMP-8 levels increase in peri-implantitis affected implants both in non-periodontitis and periodontitis patients, but levels still after treatment of the condition reflect intensified host response around implants and indicate challenges of controlling peri-Implantitis with any treatment modality.

We have outlined our progress in developing a novel point-of-care platform to quantify micro-organisms causing dental infections and/or inflammatory markers reflecting an oral disease status. This system is based on a sandwich immunoassay technology known as ABICAP (Antibody Immuno Column for Analytical Processes) using poly-horseradish peroxidase conjugates. This assay enabled us to quantify 500 colony-forming units of Streptococcus sobrinus per milliliter of saliva. The platform allows rapid and convenient performance chairside of such tests by a dentist or dental hygienist within 20 minutes at the dental office.

Over 2000 different ingredients are used in the manufacture of fragrances. The majority of these ingredients have been used for many decades. Despite this long history of use, all of these ingredients need continued monitoring to ensure that each ingredient meets acceptable safety standards. As with other large databases of existing chemicals, fulfilling this need requires an organized approach to identify the most important potential hazards. One such approach, specifically considering the dermal route of exposure as the most relevant one for fragrance ingredients, has been developed. This approach provides a rational selection of materials for review and gives guidance for determining the test data that would normally be considered necessary for the elevation of safety under intended conditions of use. As a first step, the process takes into account the following criteria: quantity of use, consumer exposure, and chemical structure. These are then used for the orderly selection of materials for review with higher quantity, higher exposure, and the presence of defined structural alerts all contributing to a higher priority for review. These structural alerts along with certain exposure and volume limits are then used to develop guidelines for determining the quality and quantity of data considered necessary to support an adequate safety evaluation of the chosen materials, taking into account existing data on the substance itself as well as on closely related analogs. This approach can be considered an alternative to testing; therefore, it is designed to be conservative but not so much so as to require excessive effort when not justified.

In a first pilot field study 64 gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from patients of dental practitioners. The dentists (one orthodontist one periodontist, and one general practitioner) were asked to monitor the respective clinical status of the sites of sampling and to collect, if possible, sulcus fluid samples from healthy as well as af- fected sites from the same patient. The concentration of activated matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) in the GCF was recorded using a set of monoclonal antibodies and a novel DentoAnalyzer. From all three dental offices the distribution of the aMMP-8 values in GCF showed a congru- ent pattern, where healthy and periodontitis-affected inflamed sites were clearly disparate.

A novel immunology-based point-of-care test has been designed to assess the activated form of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) for diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal diseases. The test has been automated using an analyzer, which quantitatively measures aMMP-8 in 18 min in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Fluid samples were collected from healthy, gingivitis-, and periodontitis-affected teeth. The test results from the analyzer were compared with quantitative aMMP-8 immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) and in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as with the periodontal state. Preliminary results of analyzer measurements of these 34 clinical samples showed a good agreement with the results from IFMA and in-house ELISA and with the clinical picture.

Die Autoren identifizieren Applikationsfamilien in Netzen — beispielhaft C/S-Kommunikation und Mailverkehr — und beschreiben auf dieser Basis, wie Kommunikationsnetze fuhrender Industrieunternehmen leistungsfahig abgesichert werden. Dabei gibt es im allgemeinen keine omnipotente Einzellosung. Vielmehr werden Architekturen aus leistungsfahigen Einzelbausteinen aufgebaut, die jeweils eine Applikationsfamilie abdecken und im Idealfall interoperabel sind. Hinsichtlich der Leistungsfahigkeit gibt es verschiedene Maszahlen und Anforderungen. Die wichtigsten Kriterien dabei sind Standardkonformitat und Plattformunabhangigkeit. Die multifunktionale Chipkarte rundet die Sicherheitsarchitektur im Unternehmen ab und gewahrleistet so ein durchgangig hohes Sicherheitsniveau.

Umfangvergroserung des Anulus kennzeichnet den Dehiszenzvorgang von Anfang bis Ende. In seiner Fruhphase wolben sich die Front- und Scheitelseiten der Zellapizes vor, und spater vergrosert der Anulus seinen Radius durch Kippung. Da der Deckelfalz aus starrem, nur masig dilatierendem Material aufgebaut ist, fuhrt die Umfangvergroserung des Anulus zwangslaufig zu vertikaler Verschiebung des Deckels.

Two layers of modified cells of the “Wassergewebe” turn the border area of operculum and urn into a rigid zone of resistance. This maintains its diameter, even though the rest of the capsule wall starts to shrivel up once evaporation deprives the mature sporangium of most of its water content. The reinforced capsule area stands out progressively over the collapsing tissue on either side as shrinkage proceeds. Thanks to the presence of this rigid band of capsule wall tissue, the shape of the sporangium gradually changes from a sphere to a cylinder whose perfectly shaped distal mantle edge, naturally, coincides with the zone of resistance. This is where the capsule wall breaks, because the specific type of deformation makes this edge the site of maximum stress. The ensuing rent separates entire cells within the epidermis, while the adjoining layers of subepidermal cells are torn, leaving only a single wall intact, i.e. the inner periclinal wall of the second, innermost layer. The final rupture of this wall, which is still poorly understood as a mechanism, then triggers off the “explosion” of the capsule.

Der Dehiszenzvorgang wurde an Kapseln vonFunaria hygrometrica untersucht. Die Ergebnisse sind in der Sammelabbildung 6 zusammengestellt. Die Mechanik der Anulusablosung wird diskutiert.

The initials of the anulus cells show apical growth. The cell tip is therefore dome-shaped and thin-walled. Eventually this terminal “foramen” is sealed off by a last layer—the swelling layer of the cell — when the apices finally cease to grow. The swelling layer of the mature cell is thus locally in contact with what seems to be the primary wall. Separation of the tissue occurs between this latter wall region and the moderately incrusted secondary wall. Two conclusions were drawn: (1) pressure is exerted through the foramina on lid and urn mouth, and (2) the observed asymmetry of the anulus provides the structural basis for generating shearing stress.

Acid phosphatase and ATPase were localized in the bryophyte haustorium and in the surrounding paternal tissue of the gametophyte. Only cells with wall labyrinths are the sites of intense enzyme activity.

Die Wandlabyrinthe im Sporophyten dreier Polytrichum-Arten (P. commune, P. formosum und P. juniperinum) wurden im Elektronenmikroskop untersucht. In den auseren 4–6 Zellreihen des Sporogonfuses nimmt der Differenzierungsgrad des Labyrinthes radial von innen nach ausen zu. Bei Polytrichum formosum wurde eine Beziehung der Protuberanzenentstehung zur Lyse der Zellwand gefunden. Die Protuberanzen besitzen Schichtbau, ebenso wie die Wand, aus der sie hervorgehen. Sie sind auch in der spateren, machtigen Wandauflagerung an ihrem Kontrast kenntlich (Polytrichum commune). Bei Polytrichum formosum entstehen, ausgehend von diesen ursprunglich isolierten Protuberanzen, in den Wandvorsprungen Zonen starken Kontrastes, deren Umrisse jeweils den Appositionsgrenzen zu folgen scheinen. Im Gegensatz dazu treten bei Polytrichum juniperinum in der Wandsubstanz kontrastreiche Einschlusse auf, die keinerlei Beziehung zum ursprunglichen Bau des Wandlabyrinths zeigen. Die Menge dieser Einschlusse scheint von der Wachstumsintensitat des Sporophyten abzuhangen, und es wurde vermutet, das es sich dabei um Exkrete handelt. In der Wandsubstanz waren die verschiedensten Strukturen zu beobachten, deren Herkunft und Entstehungsmoglichkeiten diskutiert wurden.

In the cells of the foot of young sporophytes ofPolytrichum commune, plastids form buds which may separate entirely from the mother plastid. In ultra-thin sections these bodies may be easily mistaken for mitochondria. However, with the silver staining method ofMarinozzi, the matrix of these bodies has the same density as the matrix of the plastids and is markedly less dense than the matrix of the mitochondria. Similarly, after silver staining the envelope of these bodies resembles the plastid envelope and is distinctly different from the mitochondrial envelope. Thus, there is no evidence that mitochondria originate from plastids, as some authors believe.

Wandwellungen entstehen durch Kontraktion der Zellwande nach massiver Turgorsenkung. Die Wand mus inkrustenfrei sein und hohen Hemisubstanzanteil besitzen. Gewellt sind aber nur Wandbereiche mit distinkter Schichtung, da nur durch Zusammenlagerung der kristallinen, daher unelastischen Cellulose eine wellige Deformation senkrecht zur Texturrichtung eintreten kann.

Die Skulptur der ausgetrockneten Kapsel vonDicranella heteromalla wird durch einen Schrumpfungsmechanismus verursacht. Die optisch negative Zellwand ist in Querrichtung zugfest, kann aber gegen die Texturrichtung gestaucht werden. Da die lumenseitige Wandpartie wahrend des Schrumpfungsvorganges auf Zug beansprucht zu werden scheint, der Umfang daher hier nahezu konstant bleibt, mus die radial, also senkrecht zu den Schichtflachen erfolgende Schrumpfung der Wand zentripetal unter Stauchung der peripheren Wandseite erfolgen.

A gear cutting machine is provided with gearing providing additional inaccuracies to superimpose the additional inaccuracies over the normal or residual gear cutting inaccuracies of the machine. The resultant errors cut into the gears provide gears having desired noise characteristics. The additional inaccuracies are of a higher frequency than the residual errors so that noise above the audible frequency range is provided by the gears so cut. The gear cutting machine has gearing for driving the hobbing spindle and for indexing a rotary table through worm gearing. The spindle drive gear and the worm drive gear are provided with eccentric sockets for introducing the additional inaccuracies. The drive gears also are provided with deformable portions providing the drive gear teeth so that the drive gears may be deformed into polygons. The eccentric sockets and polygonal drive gears are retained in position on the shafts that they drive by a nut and intermediary element.