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To analyze the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) measurements in patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). The study was conducted retrospectively in a single-centered eye clinic. Fifteen patients were enrolled in the study. The PPV group (or Study group) included 15 eyes performed PPV±phacoemulsification and the control eyes included 15 fellow eyes without any vitreoretinal surgical procedures. Postoperative 6-month OCTA measurements of the study and control eyes were compared for statistical analysis. The PPV group was also assessed in terms of Pseudophakic PPV and Phakic PPV subgroups. The average age of the patients was 57.72±6.32 years. Mean superficial retinal vessel density (VD, %) measurement of the superior hemifield in the PPV group showed a significantly lower result when compared to the control eyes (48.3±2.91 vs 50.11±2.59, p=0.031). Whereas no significant differences were noted in any segments of deep retinal VD measurements between the PPV and control eyes. We did not also observe any significant differences in any segments of both superficial and deep retinal VD measurements between the Pseudophakic PPV and Phakic PPV subgroups of the study group. Our study results concluded that PPV can lead to a partially decreased superficial retinal vessel density measurement in OCTA images, but phacoemulsification may not affect retinal vessel density measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare spherical and cylindrical equivalent, and pupillometry measurements between non-amblyopic myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic children. The study was conducted prospectively and cross-sectionally in a single-centered eye clinic. Three non-amblyopic groups were included in the study: myopic (Myopia Group), emmetropic (Emmetropia Group), and hyperopic (Hyperopia Group) children. The groups were compared in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), spherical equivalent (SE), and pupillometry measurements, including minimum dynamic pupillometry, maximum dynamic pupillometry, mesopic pupillometry, and photopic pupillometry. The correlation analysis was also performed between the measurements. We noted significant differences in mean SE values between the three groups and between the paired groups (p<0.001 for all). Similar mean cylindrical equivalent values were observed between the three groups and between the paired groups (p>0.05 for all). The hyperopia group had the lowest mean minimum dynamic pupillometry, maximum dynamic pupillometry, mesopic pupillometry, and photopic pupillometry values (1.97±0.57, 5.23±051, 4.96±0.41, and 3.30±0.54, respectively). We found significant differences in all pupillometry measurements between the three groups (p<0.05 for all). However, similar results were obtained in all pupillometry measurements between the paired comparison of emmetropia and hyperopia groups (p>0.05 for all). We also did not observe any correlation between the pupil diameter and age or gender (p>0.05 for both). Our study might be unique regarding the comparison of pupillometry measurements in non-amblyopic children with refractive errors. Myopia in the pediatric population may have potential pupillometric effects when compared to emmetropia and hyperopia. This should be considered in terms of the clinical relevance of pediatric refractive examination under different illumination conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate neurodegenerative alterations, retinal and choroidal thickness measurements in patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and the epiretinal membrane (ERM)+inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). The study was designed retrospectively. The eyes underwent PPV and ERM+ILM peeling comprised the study group, the fellow eyes served as the control group. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOL), and SS-OCT measurements, including central macular thickness (CMT), ganglion cell layer (GCL)+ and GCL++ thickness, and choroidal thickness (ChT) were analyzed. Inter- and intragroup analyses of these parameters were performed at baseline and 6th month of the postoperative period. The patients had a mean age of 68.63 years. In the study group, the initial BCVA (0.95±0.53 logMAR) showed a slight improvement to 0.79±0.49 logMAR at the 6th month of the postoperative period (P=0.059). Only baseline CMT (441.18±99.26 mm) significantly reduced to 377.36±80.26 mm at the final visit (P = 0.042). Preoperative GCL+ thickness, GCL++ thickness and ChT measurements decreased slightly at the final visit of the postoperative period (P= 0.483, 0.939 and 0.193, respectively). Normal fellow eyes had similar preoperative and postoperative BCVA, CMT, GCL thickness and ChT measurements (P>0.05 for both). Morphological results of ERM peeling surgery could be analyzed by using OCT to assess prognostic factors related to visual improvement. The outcomes of the study showed no significant visual function recovery following the ERM surgery. No GCL or choroidal thinning was noted. Significant CMT reduction was not associated with visual gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the optical biometric measurements of patients with allergic conjunctivitis before and after topical 0.2% olopatadine treatment using autokerato-refractometry and optical biometry. In this prospective study, 96 eyes of 48 patients with allergic conjunctivitis were examined. All participants had a detailed ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior, posterior segment examination using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, autokerato-refractometric, and optical biometry measurements (including spherical and cylindrical values, keratometry, corneal astigmatism with axis, axial length and anterior chamber depth) before and one month after topical 0.2% olopatadine treatment. The mean age of 48 patients (31 women, 17 men) with allergic conjunctivitis was 26.3 ± 16.2 years (6-76). While the pre-treatment autokerato-refractometric measurements showed cylindrical aberration in 79.8% of the patients, this ratio in the post-treatment period was 65.6%. The comparisons of the classification of maximum astigmatism and corneal astigmatism in both visits were statistically significant (p=0.000, p=0.003 respectively). However, the classification of corneal astigmatism obtained with optical biometry was similar (p=0.10). The measurements of maximum astigmatism and keratometry recorded by autokerato-refractometry, and anterior chamber depth showed a significant decrease after the treatment. We determined that the values of cylindrical aberration, keratometry, anterior chamber depth, and the sort of astigmatism may change after the acute phasis of allergic conjunctivitis. So, while prescribing spectacles, we should review all these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was designed to assess the factors affecting the pupillary diameter in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eight eyes of fifty-four patients were evaluated cross-sectionally to study the factors affecting the pupillary diameter in diabetic patients. The pupillary diameter was measured using a Pentacam 30 min after the cyclopentolate administration. The severity and duration of diabetes, phakic or intraocular lens status, pan-retinal photocoagulation history, a1A-blocker use, intravitreal injection, and vitrectomy history were the items included in this study that could affect the pupillary diameter. The visual acuity and intraocular pressure were also assessed. Results: The outcomes of the present study revealed that the pupillary diameter was smaller in those patients with proliferative retinopathy and long-term diabetes, and that the mean pupillary diameter was also smaller in the intraocular lens implanted patients. In addition, a1A-blocker use and a vitrectomy surgery history were related to the pupil size. Moreover, pan-retinal photocoagulation and the number of intravitreal injections were insignificantly related to the pupillary diameter. Conclusion: Among the factors studied, the severity and duration of diabetes were the prominent factors that played important roles in affecting the pupillary diameter in the diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the secondary scleral fixated IOL implantation results in patients without adequate support of capsule for sulcus due to complications after cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 32 aphakic eyes of 32 patients following complications of cataract surgery were evaluated. Foldable three-piece acrylic intraocular lenses were fixed to the sclera at 3 and 9 o'clock, 1.5 mm from the limbus with 10-0 polypropylene sutureby the suture technique of burying the knot through the scleral tunnel. Patients underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior-posterior segment examination findings, complications were assessed preoperatively and in postoperative period of 1. day, 1. week, 1-3-6 and 12. months. Results: The average age of the patients was 52.26. The mean of preoperative best corrected visual acuity was 0.24 logMAR, and at 12th month of the surgery the mean was calculated as 0.36 logMAR. Preoperative mean intraocular pressure was 16.26 mmHg, and the mean was 16.86 mmHg at month 12 following surgery. Prior to postoperative 1th month, the increase in intraocular pressure was observed mostly and it was followed by the anterior chamber hemorrhage as early complications. The most common observed late complication of surgery was cystic macular edema after postoperative 1th month and the second was irregular astigmatism. Conclusion: Secondary scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation may be an effective surgical method in patients with an inadequate sulcus support complicated after cataract surgery. It might provide a significant increase in final visual acuity with minor complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess changes in retinal vascular caliber in response to short-term use of nepafenac eye drops in patients with mild diabetic macular edema. Materials and methods: Thirty-four patients with previously untreated bilateral mild diabetic macular edema were included in this prospective study. For each participant, one eye was randomly assigned to nepafenac treatment (0.1%, three times/day) and the other eye was left untreated throughout the study. Using digital fundus photographs, retinal vascular calibers were calculated and compared in treated and untreated eyes at the baseline, week 1, and week 6. Results: Baseline vessel diameters did not differ in treated and fellow eyes (p > 0.05). Over the 6 weeks of the study, significant vasoconstriction of the retinal arteriolar caliber was observed at weeks 1 (p < 0.05) and 6 (p < 0.05), while an unchanged retinal venular caliber was noted between the treated and untreated eyes (p > 0.44). Significant macular thickness difference was only observed at week 6 (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Topical nepafenac has a significant narrowing effect on the retinal arteriolar diameter and a significant reductive effect on central macular thickness in eyes with mild diabetic retinopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background:To evaluate the effects of intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) on retinal vessel diameters in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design, setting, and participants:A retrospective study conducted at the Kutahya Dumlupinar University Faculty of Medicine included 15 eyes of 15 patients with treatment naive neovascular AMD. Methods:All eyes received IVA injections once per month for 3 months; untreated contralateral eyes were used as controls. The central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE), and artery-vein ratio (AVR) values were measured using a computer-based program before the first IVA injection and 30 days after the first, second, and third injections. The main outcome measurements were the central macular thickness (CMT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), choroidal thickness, CRAE, CRVE, and AVR. Results:Significant vasoconstriction of the retinal arterioles was observed in all eyes treated with IVA when compared to baseline (p = 0.009). However, no significant differences were found for CRVE or AVR throughout the study period in treated eyes. In the control group, all parameters measured during each visit were similar to baseline measurements (p > 0.05). The mean BCVA significantly improved at the end of the loading dose of IVA, when compared to baseline (p = 0.006). After the IVA injections, the mean CMT and choroidal thickness were significantly reduced at all visits, compared to baseline (p < 0.001). Conclusions:The current study showed that IVA led to significant retinal arteriolar vasoconstriction and choroidal thinning, which may cause reduced retinal blood flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medical Journal of Bakirkoy is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 27-year-old woman with blurred vision in her right eye was evaluated. She was on a strict vegetarian diet for a long time. She had bilateral retinal hemorrhages. The patient was diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia according to laboratory studies. After treatment with intramuscular B12 supplement, dramatic resolution of retinal hemorrhages and improvement in visual acuity was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical & Experimental Investigations is the property of Modestum Publications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: We aimed to compare optical biometric measurements using optical biometry in patients with previously received COVID-19 treatment and a control group., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with previously received COVID-19 treatment formed the COVID-19 group and age- and sex-matched healthy participants formed the control group. Optical biometric measurements including keratometry, corneal astigmatism, astigmatic axis, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, and axial length were made using a Nidek optical biometer (AL-Scan; Nidek Co., Ltd., Japan)., Results: Measurements of keratometry ( p  = 0.79), corneal astigmatism ( p  = 0.41), axial length ( p  = 0.96), anterior chamber depth ( p  = 0.59), and central corneal thickness ( p  = 0.37) were similar between the COVID-19 and control groups. The astigmatic axis type taken from 2.4 mm of the cornea showed significant difference between the two groups ( p  = 0.02, χ 2 ), while the measurements taken from 3.3 mm of the cornea were similar ( p  = 0.10, χ 2 ). In the subgroup analysis, axial length, anterior chamber depth, and central corneal thickness measurements were found to be statistically significantly higher in male patients of the COVID-19 group ( p  = 0.02; p  = 0.001; p  = 0.02, t  test)., Conclusion: The changes in optical biometric measurements found in our study were due to the fact that COVID-19 is more frequent and severe in males, SARS-CoV‑2 can attach to the cornea via ACE‑2 receptors, and favipiravir can reach the aqueous humor. To our knowledge, there is no study on this subject to date, and therefore more research is needed to shed light on this topic., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestT. Çetinkaya and M.M. Kurt declare that they have no competing interests., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022.)