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The impact of rich cities on the economic development of suburban areas and urban sprawl is discussed.

Byline: James A. Momoh, Yi Zhang, Philip Fanara Jr., Haydar Kurban, L. Jide Iwarere This paper develops a new index to rank the contingencies in different partitioned areas of networks. The new index considers the social and economic impacts of the contingencies and ranks them by using an overall index that combines these effects with technical factors. This overall index is implemented in the Western Systems Coordinating Council (WSCC) system. Load flow is run in different scenarios; and real power losses, Available Transmission Capability (ATC), and Expected Socially Unserved Energy (ESUE) are compared.

We argue that previous research studying the relationship between a growing elderly population and local support for public education has overlooked a key component to public education finance: redistribution payments made by older households. A fuller accounting of these payments indicates that a growing elderly population might very well prove to be a boon to local public school students not a burden as has been previously suggested. Beginning with a national sample of suburban school districts, this article shows that a higher elderly to student ratio within a district actually increases per-student revenues, even after accounting for the downward pressure that older households place on tax rates. We then explore a specific channel through which elderly households redistribute resources to school-age children: local property taxes. Focusing on Chicago-area suburban school districts, we show that a rise in a community’s elderly to student ratio actually increases the level of per-student property tax redistribution that occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]