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Context: Proper method of isolation plays a key role in the restoration of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Aims: The aim of this in vivo study was to compare the efficacy of two isolation techniques in restoring NCCLs using flowable composite. Settings and Design: Forty patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected based on the power of the study (0.86). The participants were divided into two groups according to the split-mouth design. Materials and Methods: In Group A, lesion isolation was done using the Mylar matrix band with photocurable gingival barrier, and in Group B, using Metal matrix band and gingival barrier. The restorations were assessed immediately and after 6 months, using modified US Public Health Service criteria: marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, wear, retention, secondary caries, and postoperative sensitivity. Statistical Analysis: IBM SPSS (version 21.0) software was used. McNemar's and Chi-square tests were performed, considering P < 0.05 for statistical significance. Results: Both the groups demonstrated satisfactory clinical performance. Upon inter- and intragroup comparison of the two isolation methods, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, both the groups performed similarly in isolation of NCCLs. However, long-term clinical studies must be needed for further evaluation.

We have recently identified mycolic acid methyl transferase (MmaA1) enzyme inhibitors as potential antitubercular agents using in silico modelling techniques. In continuation of that study, we synthesised a series of novel 3-(N-substituted glycinamido) benzoic acid derivatives with an aim to optimise the lead molecule. The newly synthesised compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H 37 Rv. Among these, 5 compounds A3, A4, A5, A6 and A10 exhibited most potent activity with an MIC value of 1.6 μg/ml. Further molecular docking studies were carried out to investigate the binding mode of the ligands with MmaA1 protein. The docking studies revealed that the ligands made strong interactions with the catalytic site residues TRP30, TYR 32, GLY 71, TRP 74, GLY 76, ALA 77 and GLU 136 of MmaA1 protein. Druglikeness and leadlikeness properties of the compounds were also studied using computational tools. The results of in silico and in vitro studies indicate that these novel compounds are propitious leads for tuberculosis therapy., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

To test our hypothesis that antisperm antibodies (ASA) might alter sperm phenotypic attributes thus leading to sub-fertility/infertility in bulls, ASA were generated in crossbred male calves by immunizing with sperm two times. Cryopreserved spermatozoa from crossbred bulls (n = 24) with different field fertility ratings were incubated with ASA and different patterns of ASA immunolocalization were studied. In addition, sperm membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity and cryo-capacitation status were also assessed. Immunolocalization of sperm antigens using antisperm antibody revealed three major patterns (Acrosomal-AR, apical-AP and, acrosome and tail-AT). The proportion of ASA reactive spermatozoa was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in low- and medium-fertile bulls compared to high-fertile bulls. Among the three patterns, the proportion of spermatozoa with AR pattern was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in low- and medium-fertile bulls compared to high-fertile bulls. The proportion of membrane and acrosome intact spermatozoa was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in high-fertile bulls compared to medium- and low-fertile bulls. There were no significant differences in the proportion of cryo-capacitated spermatozoa among high-, medium- and low-fertile bulls. The relationship between ASA reactive spermatozoa and conception rates (CR) of bulls was highly (P < 0.01) significant and negative. Similarly, AR and AT pattern were also significantly (P < 0.01) and negatively related to CR of bulls. The reactivity of spermatozoa with ASA was also significantly (P < 0.01) and negatively related to the membrane and acrosome integrity of spermatozoa. It was concluded that the proportion of spermatozoa responding to ASA was higher in low-compared to high-fertile bulls and ASA localization in sperm acrosomal area was negatively related to sperm membrane and acrosomal integrity and bull fertility., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)