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Background/aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the distribution, sources, clinical features, and mortality rates of bacteremia due to evaluation of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) gram negative among solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of SOT recipients with bacteremia due to XDR gram-negative pathogens in 11 centers between 2016 and 2018 was conducted. Patients’ records were evaluated. Results: Of 171 bacteremia that occurred in 164 SOT recipients, 93 (56.7%) were liver, 46 (28%) kidney, 14 (8.5%) heart, and 11 (6.7%) lung recipients. Bacteremia episodes were recorded in the first year in 63.7% of the patients (n = 109), early-onset bacteremia was recorded in 45% (n = 77) of the episodes. In multivariate analysis, catheter-associated bacteremia was an independent risk factor for 7-day mortality (p = 0.037), and early-onset bacteremia was found as an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Difficult-to-treat infections due to XDR bacteria in SOT recipients shadow the success of transplantation. Central venous catheters seem to be the main risk factor. Judicious use of medical devices is of pivotal importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mucormycosis is a rarely encountered invasive fungal infection with high mortality. Solid organ transplantation is one of the risk factors for mucormycosis. Mucormycosis can be classified in six different groups according to the anatomical localization; rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, disseminated, and other less common involvements. This paper presented a mucormycosis case with rhinoorbitocerebral involvementin a renal transplantation receiver, which manifested with orbital apex syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the cases with health care-associated infective endocarditis and the cases with community-acquired infective endocarditis Material and Methods:Of the cases followed for infective endocarditis (IE), 21 (40 %) had health care-associated infective endocarditis and 31 (60 %) community-acquired infective endocarditis. Results:Comparing the cases with community acquired infective endocarditis and the cases with health careassociated infective endocarditis, it was determined that advanced age (58.0 ± 15.1 years vs. 41.3± 14.4 years, P= 0.000), presence of chronic renal insufficiency (P= 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (P= 0.016) as concomitant diseases, being previously hospitalized (P= 0.0001), hemodialysis in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions (P= 0.022), presence of central venous catheter (P= 0.022), and undergone intervention for gastrointestinal system (P= 0.060),as well as laboratory results including positive blood culture growth for S. aureus and Enterococcus (P= 0.037), and complications such as development of embolic event (P= 0.008), spondylodiscitis (P= 0.034) and stroke (P= 0.007) were statistically significantly more common in health care-associated infective endocarditis cases. Whilst mortality was higher in health care-associated infective endocarditis cases (28.6 %), it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion:Health care-associated infective endocarditis is a disease that is more common in the patients at advanced age, with concomitant disease and the history of exposing invasive procedures in the past for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose, and it is a disease with high morbidity and mortality that courses with serious complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: In this retrospective study, the evaluation of M. tuberculosis complex rates and method-based differences were used to determine the resistance rates of culture positive samples to anti-tuberculosis drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six thousand, eight hundred and fourteen tuberculosis suspicious clinical samples were examined retrospectively in the Baskent University Faculty of Medicine Adana Hospital microbiology laboratory. After the NaOH-NALC method, all specimens were examined directly, cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen (L-J) and BACTEC 12B medium. Microscopic examinations for acid-fast bacillus were done with Ehrlich Ziehl Neelsen stain between 2005 and 2008 and auramine-rhodamine stain between 2008 and 2010. 373 samples identified as M. tuberculosis as a consequence of NAP testing using the BACTEC 460 system were tested for sensitivity to anti-tuberculosis drugs with a BACTEC 460 TB radiometric method. RESULTS: Sputum (2628) was the most common specimen, and biopsy samples had the highest positivity rates (18.5%). The sensitivity of acid-fast stain to observe tuberculosis rates was 50% and specificity was 99.7%; the BACTEC 460TB assay was considered the gold standard. The Löwenstein-Jensen culture method had 80% sensitivity and 99.7% specificity when compared with the BACTEC 460TB method. Single drug resistance rates in first line anti-tuberculosis drugs for ethambutol, INH, streptomycin, and rifampin were 3.2% (n=12), 2.9% (n=11), 2.1% (n=8), 0.5% (n=2), respectively. Multidrug resistance was determined in 8 strains (2.1%). CONCLUSION: The tuberculosis detection rate was 5.7% for all samples. Although multidrug resistance rates are not very high in our patient population, determination of resistance is important for treatment follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Thoracic Journal / Turk Toraks Dergisi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, splenic abscess due to Brucella sp., a rare complication, in a 49-year-old male with pemphigus treated by azathioprine for five years, is presented. The rose Bengal and Brucella tube agglutination tests were positive and Brucella sp. grew in blood culture. Abdominal tomography revealed hepatosplenomegaly and a few microabscesses in the spleen. A combination of doxycycline, rifampin and co-trimoxazole was started. Azathioprine treatment was stopped. As in our patient, use of immunosupressive drugs or any immunosupressive disease or condition may facilitate the emergence of complications due to brucellosis. Therefore, patients with brucellosis need to be closely followed for possible complications, especially in the era of increasing immunosuppressive usage. Therapeutic modifications such as discontinuation or dose adjustment of immunosuppressive drugs need to be considered,where appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, splenic abscess due to Brucella sp., a rare complication, in a 49-year-old male with pemphigus treated by azathioprine for five years, is presented. The rose Bengal and Brucella tube agglutination tests were positive and Brucella sp. grew in blood culture. Abdominal tomography revealed hepatosplenomegaly and a few microabscesses in the spleen. A combination of doxycycline, rifampin and co-trimoxazole was started. Azathioprine treatment was stopped. As in our patient, use of immunosupressive drugs or any immunosupressive disease or condition may facilitate the emergence of complications due to brucellosis. Therefore, patients with brucellosis need to be closely followed for possible complications, especially in the era of increasing immunosuppressive usage. Therapeutic modifications such as discontinuation or dose adjustment of immunosuppressive drugs need to be considered,where appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ANKEM Antibiyotik & Kemoterapi Dergisi is the property of ANKEM Antibiyotik & Kemoterapi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the distribution, sources, clinical features, and mortality rates of bacteremia due to evaluation of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) gram negative among solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients., Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of SOT recipients with bacteremia due to XDR gram-negative pathogens in 11 centers between 2016 and 2018 was conducted. Patients’ records were evaluated., Results: Of 171 bacteremia that occurred in 164 SOT recipients, 93 (56.7%) were liver, 46 (28%) kidney, 14 (8.5%) heart, and 11 (6.7%) lung recipients. Bacteremia episodes were recorded in the first year in 63.7% of the patients (n = 109), early-onset bacteremia was recorded in 45% (n = 77) of the episodes. In multivariate analysis, catheter-associated bacteremia was an independent risk factor for 7-day mortality (p = 0.037), and early-onset bacteremia was found as an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality (p = 0.017)., Conclusion: Difficult-to-treat infections due to XDR bacteria in SOT recipients shadow the success of transplantation. Central venous catheters seem to be the main risk factor. Judicious use of medical devices is of pivotal importance., (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)

The rate of non-typhoid Salmonella infections has increased remarkably in recent years. Endovascular system infection is one of the most serious forms of extraintestinal Salmonella infection. The abdominal aorta is frequently involved, while bone and joint involvement are rarely seen. We present a rare case of successful endovascular treatment of a left iliac artery rupture and pseudoaneurysm both occurring due to the direct invasion of lumbar spondylodiscitis caused by Salmonella typhimurium.

Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a type of malaria with high fatality rate despite optimal antimalarial treatment. Exchange transfusion (ET) is successfully used as a means of supportive therapy in severe P. falciparum malaria cases with hyperparasitemia. Herein, we present a case with hyperparasitemia, who received erythrocyte ET therapy due to lack of clinical response to antimalarial treatment. A 24-year-old male patient was admitted to our emergency clinic with the complaints of fever that persisted for 10 days, headache, nausea-vomiting, and impaired consciousness. Medical history revealed that he had been working in Sudan, Africa and returned back 12 days ago. On physical examination; he had fever, hypotension, tachycardia, subicterus and impaired cooperation. Laboratory examination revealed pancytopenia, elevated C-reactive protein, hyperbilirubinemia, hyponatremia, elevated creatinine level and hematuria. On thick blood smear and thin blood smear examinations, multiple (> 5%) trophozoites and gametocytes indicating P.falciparum species were observed. The case was diagnosed as P.falciparum malaria and parenteral fluid support, dopamine infusion, meropenem (IV), doxycycline (PO) and quinine sulphate (PO) were initiated in the intensive care unit. On reevaluation of the patient on the third day of hospitalization, it was observed that arterial hypotension and fever were persistent, anemia and trombocytopenia deteriorated and on thick blood smear parasitemiea was not decreased. It was decided to apply automated erythrocyte ET. After ET, patient's medical status was quickly improved and patient was discharged on the 7th day of hospitalization. In conclusion, it was noted that in addition to antimalarial treatment, erythrocyte ET may provide dramatic improvement in severe cases of P.falciparum malaria with hyperparasitemia.