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The study aimed to investigate the extended effects and interrelations of corneal biomechanics, corneal optical density (COD), corneal thickness (CT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) following cataract surgery. Sixteen eyes were analyzed prospectively. The Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) device assessed corneal biomechanics, while the Pentacam AxL® (Pentacam) measured COD and CT. Postoperative data were collected around six months after surgery, with a subgroup analysis of data at nine months. The Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between surgical-induced changes in corneal biomechanics and COD. At six months, significant postoperative differences were observed in various biomechanical indices, including uncorrected IOP (IOPuct) and biomechanics-corrected IOP (bIOP). However, many indices lost statistical significance by the nine-month mark, suggesting the reversibility of postoperative corneal changes. Postoperative COD increased at the anterior layer of the 2−6 mm annulus and incision site. The changes in COD correlated with certain biomechanical indices, including maximal (Max) deformative amplitude (DA) and stiffness parameter (SP). In conclusion, despite significant immediate postoperative changes, corneal biomechanics, COD, and IOP experienced a gradual recovery process following cataract surgery. Clinicians should maintain vigilance for any unusual changes during the short-term observation period to detect abnormalities early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beta‐blockers have been prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) in certain sports, but insufficient research data make it difficult to distinguish between therapeutic uses or misuses. This study aimed at investigating the urinary excretion pattern following beta‐blocker ophthalmic drops and the potential risk of constituting an adverse analytical finding (AAF) in sports. Prescribed timolol and carteolol ophthalmic drops were used in healthy participants and glaucoma patients. The urine samples were then collected to investigate the urinary excretion pattern following acute and chronic administration of the above beta‐blocker ophthalmic drops. The liquid chromatograph‐tandem mass spectrometry method was applied for measuring urinary beta‐blockers. Our results demonstrated that the levels of both urinary timolol and carteolol exceeded the minimum reporting levels (MRL) following acute and chronic administration. The highest levels of urinary timolol and carteolol observed in the present study were 255.7 and 923.8 ng/ml, respectively. Regarding the acute administration of timolol ophthalmic drop, 26.19 (11/42) of urine samples were detected with timolol higher than the MRL in timed and random sampling. In contrast, the acute administration of carteolol ophthalmic drops made the carteolol levels higher than the MRL among most urine samples. On the other hand, 36.36% (4/11) of urine samples were detected with beta‐blockers higher than the MRL during the chronic administration of timolol and carteolol ophthalmic drops. In the context of receiving ophthalmic beta‐blocker medications, the present study has highlighted the potential risk of constituting an AAF in specific sports and suggests strengthening athletes' awareness of therapeutic use exemptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional interconnection standards avoid the islanding operation of distributed generators (DGs) because of concerns of equipment failure and safety. However, in some cases, allowing the islanding operation of DGs in a radial subtransmission system could improve system reliability and decrease outage cost during power outages or a scheduled maintenance. This paper presents an impact study on a DG connected to a radial subtransmission system. The dynamic study is conducted to show how to manage DGs and electric power systems for the proper intentional islanding in specific cases. Index Terms--Distributed generation (DG), dynamic performance, impact study.

In addition to market information, available energy and capacity to participate in the market are also essential to be an effective market participant. This paper discusses the development of an online dynamic cable rating system (DCRS) that can help a system engineer maximize asset utilization without jeopardizing system facilities or compromising the reliability of the cables. Based on real-time cable loading, cable surface temperature, ambient temperature, and forecasting temperature, the DCRS can estimate both steady-state and dynamic cable rating. To confirm with the actual operation condition, both real-time cable temperature and forecasting ambient temperature are taken into consideration to perform short-term cable ampacity estimation to prevent overestimation and/or underestimation. Based on the information provided by the DCRS, the system engineer can establish or adjust the bidding strategy in time to effectively participate in the restructured electric markets. Index Terms--Ampacity, dynamic cable rating, real-time monitoring, restructured electric market.