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Traditional medicine may also cause genetic damage that may increase the possibility of cancer and other diseases. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the genotoxic testing of Siddha drugs. Therefore, a latest take a look at become performed to evaluate the in vivo genotoxic effects of Sivanar Amirtham in mice using micro nucleus assay. Three different doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg / kg b.w were selected in accordance with OECD guidelines. In a micronucleus test, the administration of one oral Sivanar Amirtham at 100, 200 and 400 mg / kg b.w did no longer increase with the mean amount of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes or PCE percentage for both sexes showing non clastogenicity. For this reason it could be concluded, Sivanar Amirtham showed no vast genotoxic impact on the rats in both sexes. Sivanar Amirtham was therefore not carcinogenic and therefore could be used safely.

Tenualosa ilisha (T. ilisha) is one of the most important tropical fishes in the Indo-Pacific region. It ranks first among edible fishes because of its exquisite taste, delicate culinary talents, and remarkable taste. Available literature of T. ilisha was collected from Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science search engine. T. ilisha is a large tropical fish comprising amino acids, minerals, and lipids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The fatty acid, i.e., ɷ-3 and ɷ-6 fatty acid acquired from T. ilisha, plays a crucial role in curbing cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, dementia, and other neurological disorders. T. ilisha is enriched in essential minerals such as Na, K, Ca, and Mg and vitamins like A, D, E, and K, which are fat-soluble. This review highlights the proximate compositions, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, and amino acids of T. ilisha (fresh). The outcome of the present studies signifies that T. ilisha benefit human health for their high nutritional value.

An unprecedented, straightforward photochemical platform for efficient site-selective C–H alkylation of the C-7 position of coumarins has been reported.

Single-site cobalt-hydride supported on oxo-nodes of a porous aluminium metal–organic framework is a chemoselective and reusable catalyst for N-formylation of amines using CO2.

The use of Phytosomes for medicinal purposes is very much used to alleviate the harmful effects of diabetes, a common carbohydrate metabolic disease in all age groups. Over time, various newer therapies and medications have been developed to alleviate this disease. Although the traditional therapies seem to lower blood glucose levels to some extent, it is sometimes observed that these traditional therapies do not work well in some patients, which may be due to numerous other existing pathological conditions in them. To overcome these problems, small and more bioavailable formulations along with phytocomponents embedded in Phytosomes are gaining potential. This review paper mainly focuses on the mechanism of phytosome-based drug delivery for the alleviation of diabetes and a brief description of the different types of diabetes mellitus, its causes and diagnosis. By reading this article, researchers will get a brief idea of Phytosomes and their mechanism in diabetes. Phytosomes are based on the concept of delivery of lipid agents through a vesicular system.

Abstract: Alkaloids are waste products of plant metabolic processes, containing at least one nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic ring. They serve a wide variety of physiological functions in humans and animals. Metabolism plays a central role in regulating the toxicity of various phytochemicals. Available literature of biological sources and metabolism study of pyrrolidine, pyrrolizidine, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, phenanthrene, phenethylamine, indole, terpenoid, and aporphine groups of experimental plants-derived alkaloids were collected from the Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science search engines. The literature reveals that hepatic microsomal enzymes such as monooxygenase and putative NADPH-FMN-reductase, carboxyl esterase, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6 are primarily involved in the metabolism of alkaloids. This review may encourage natural product researchers to further research and develop new plant-derived alkaloidal drugs.

A metal–organic framework supported single-site pyridylimine–cobalt species acts as a chemoselective and reusable catalyst for N-formylation of amines using CO2.

A chronic pathological condition; diabetes mellitus occurs in almost 90% of all diabetic cases globally. It is estimated that the number of diabetes patients will rise from 382 million in 2013 to 592 million by 2035 as per the data published by the Current International Diabetes Federation. Daily life style and day to day unhealthy food habits, diabetes is prevalent among the young people too along with the aged people due to their ageing. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder where there is insufficiency of insulin having the symptoms excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, weight loss, results in blood sugar level to be drastically high. One may observe a drastic increase in blood glucose level which lead to various types of health complications like retinopathy, nerve damage etc. Various treatment strategies are available among these the modern treatment strategy includes sulfonylureas, GLP-1 agonist, DPP4- inhibitors, metformin, PPAR-γ agonists, bariatric surgery etc. In this review, we will highlight various potential therapeutic targets including TRPV1, PPAR, and SGLT-2 to mitigate diabetes mellitus.

Croton joufra, a traditional medicinal plant in the north-eastern region of India, continues to be an active member of folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases and ailments, mainly used to treat helminthic intestinal infections. This review paper aims to highlight some of the medicinal values and extraction techniques used to obtain the extract. Studies have shown that qualitative screening tests of extracts from different parts of the plant have detected terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and reducing sugars. Among the extraction solvents used, chloroform extraction of Croton joufra leaves is considered the most effective extraction. These results indicate that Croton joufra may have various unexplored medicinal values in addition to its existing uses. In addition to medicinal uses, this plant is also popular among locals for secondary purposes. Since this plant is abundant in the north-eastern region of India in association with other useful plants, it is an incentive for researchers to explore it further. Future investigation may unearth more medicinal uses of this plant, which will be announced in the future.

A parasite of the Plasmodium species initiates malaria. The parasite is transmitted to communities through the bite of an infected mosquito. Malarial resistance towards the commonly used antimalarial agents is a genuine human health problem. Benzimidazole derivatives exhibit a wide range of antimalarial activities against Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) strain. The present review has summarized the antimalarial activity of benzimidazole hybrid derivatives and described its structural activity relationship (SAR) and quantitative structural-activity relationship (QSAR) model. A total of 14 papers were systematically reviewed. The literature survey has revealed that novel benzimidazole hybrid derivatives diminished the P. falciparum activity in the liver and gametocyte stages and inhibited heme synthesis and β-hematin formation. The QSAR models explain imminent antimalarial agent's growth through multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANN).

Chemoselective deoxygenation of carbonyls and alcohols using hydrogen by heterogeneous base-metal catalysts is crucial for the sustainable production of fine chemicals and biofuels. We report an aluminum metal-organic framework (DUT-5) node support cobalt(II) hydride, which is a highly chemoselective and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for deoxygenation of a range of aromatic and aliphatic ketones, aldehydes, and primary and secondary alcohols, including biomass-derived substrates under 1 bar H2. The single-site cobalt catalyst (DUT-5-CoH) was easily prepared by postsynthetic metalation of the secondary building units (SBUs) of DUT-5 with CoCl2 followed by the reaction of NaEt3BH. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) indicated the presence of CoII and AlIII centers in DUT-5-CoH and DUT-5-Co after catalysis. The coordination environment of the cobalt center of DUT-5-Co before and after catalysis was established by extended X-ray fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) and density functional theory. The kinetic and computational data suggest reversible carbonyl coordination to cobalt preceding the turnover-limiting step, which involves 1,2-insertion of the coordinated carbonyl into the cobalt-hydride bond. The unique coordination environment of the cobalt ion ligated by oxo-nodes within the porous framework and the rate independency on the pressure of H2 allow the deoxygenation reactions chemoselectively under ambient hydrogen pressure.

Musa paradisiaca (Banana plant), which belongs to Musaceae, is a tropical plant-based fruit crop for Tripura, India. The main consumable parts of the banana plant are fruit, stem, and flower. This study aims to ethonomedicinal survey and determine the water-soluble (C, B1, B3, B6, folic acid) and fat-soluble (A, D3, E) vitamins of three consumable parts (unripe fruit, stem, and flower) of Musa paradisiaca, cultivated in Tripura, India. Ethnomedicinal information of plant samples were collected by field survey method. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was used for the determination of water-soluble (C, B1, B3, B6, folic acid) and fat-soluble (A, D3, E) vitamins. From ethnomedicinal survey it was observed that three edible parts of Musa paradisiaca to have medicinal values. The results revealed that banana fruit and banana stem contained an appreciated amount of water-soluble vitamins (C, B1, B3, B6, folic acid) compared to banana flowers. The content of vitamin C of banana fruit, banana stem, and the banana flower was 1.3±0.2 mg/g dry powder, 1.8±0.3 mg/g dry powder, and 0.7±0.2 mg/g dry powder respectively. In fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin A was present in a fair amount of banana fruit (18.3±3.8 mg/g dry powder), stem (11.8±2.3 mg/g dry powder), and flower (10.7±1.6 mg/g dry powder). Results suggested that frequent intake of the banana's consumable parts may minimize vitamin deficiency in the human body.

The development of chemoselective and heterogeneous earth-abundant metal catalysts is essential for environmentally friendly chemical synthesis. We report a highly efficient, chemoselective, and re...

Medicinal plants are an immense source of biologically active substances. Ananas comosus is a fruit base medicinal plant belonging to the family Bromeliaceae. In English it is called 'pineapple'. Pineapple is one of the important tropical fruit in the China, India, Costa Rica, Brazil, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Colombia. 100 g of fruit provided 50 kcal energy. Pineapple fruit contained secondary metabolites like phenolic, flavonoid, isoflavone etc. Pineapple fruit and in the pineapple stem consist of an enzyme called 'Bromelain.' Pineapple gives anti-rheumatic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, wound healing, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, uterotonic, anti-oxidant, and anthelmintic activity in the human body. In this review, we have described the taxonomical characteristics, biochemical properties, traditional perspectives, karyotypic analysis, phytochemical investigation, toxicological study, nutritional benefit, and biological activities of Ananas comosus. This review would help researchers in searching for scientific information and a source of new drug discovery approaches in the future.

We report a highly active single-site heterogeneous cobalt-catalyst based on a porous and robust pyridylimine-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (pyrim-MOF) for chemoselective borylation of arene and benzylic C-H bonds. The pyrim-MOF having UiO-68 topology, constructed from zirconium-cluster secondary building units and pyridylimine-functionalized dicarboxylate bridging linkers, was metalated with CoCl

A 28 years old male complained of gradual shortness of breath. An echocardiogram revealed an aortic regurgitation and moderate mitral regurgitation of rheumatic origin with biventricular failure and congestive cardiac failure in sinus rhythm. The patient warranted cardiac surgery with mitral valve repair and aortic valve replacement amidst direct drug therapy.

Background:Musa paradisiaca (Banana plant), which belongs to the family of Musaceae, is a well-known herbaceous flowering edible plant. The flower, fruit, and stem part of the plant have been used for nutrients and health benefits.Objective:The aim of this study is to determine the secondary metabolites, proximate composition, minerals, heavy metals, and anti-oxidant activity of three edible parts (flower, unripe fruit, and stem) of Musa paradisiaca.Methods:The content of alkaloid and tannin was determined by simple titrimetric method and colorimetric method was used for the determination of the content of phenol and flavonoid. Association of Official Analytical Chemicals (AOAC) method was used for the determination of proximate composition and the content of trace elements was analyzed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The anti-oxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging assay.Results:The results indicated that three edible parts (flower, unripe fruit, and stem) of the banana plant contained a good amount of secondary metabolites (such as alkaloid, phenol, flavonoid, and tannin) and also primary metabolites (such as carbohydrate, protein, and fat). Banana fruit contained a high amount of energy (261.31 kcal/100g) compared to the other two parts (flower, and stem). Iron, potassium, phosphorus, calcium were present in these three edible parts of the banana plant. Lead was found in negligible amount and arsenic was not detected. Fifty percent of ethanolic extract of three edible parts of the banana plant showed significant DPPH free radical scavenging and H202 radical scavenging activity as compared to standard ascorbic acid.Conclusion:Based on these findings, three edible parts of Musa paradisiaca may be recommended as a good source of nutrients.

Puntius sophore (P. sophore), a small indigenous fish, belonging to family Cyprinidae is an important source of micronutrients. But as it may be considered as one of the most perishable among all foodstuffs therefore, their preservation becomes necessary for future use. Fermentation and sun-drying process have been used for the processing of P. sophore. Both fresh and processed (fermented and sun-dried) P. sophore is very popular among the common people of Tripura, Northeastern part of India. So, the aim of the present study was to analyze the nutrient content of raw and processed P. sophore and evaluate the overall diet quality of them. In this study, proximate composition, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids analysis for raw and cooked sample of fresh and processed (fermented and sun-dried) P. sophore were performed as the cooking process lead to changes of certain nutrients. The changes in the amount of fat and ash content were found to be higher in fried fish sample. Mineral content such as Na, K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Se was increased in processed sample whereas Ca and Mg was reduced. The amino acid profile showed that aspartic acid was the major component of fish protein. But after cooking amino acid content was reduced. The analysis of fatty acid composition showed that saturated fatty acids were the most abundant in both fresh and processed P. sophore which was increased through frying. In the present experiment, frying process was found to be good for health.

We report a strategy to develop heterogeneous single-site enantioselective catalysts based on naturally occurring amino acids and earth-abundant metals for eco-friendly asymmetric catalysis. The grafting of amino acids within the pores of a metal-organic framework (MOF), followed by post-synthetic metalation with iron precursor, affords highly active and enantioselective (>99 % ee for 10 examples) catalysts for hydrosilylation and hydroboration of carbonyl compounds. Impressively, the MOF-Fe catalyst displayed high turnover numbers of up to 10 000 and was recycled and reused more than 15 times without diminishing the enantioselectivity. MOF-Fe displayed much higher activity and enantioselectivity than its homogeneous control catalyst, likely due to the formation of robust single-site catalyst in the MOF through site-isolation.

Plant-based medicines or herbal drugs have an essential role in developing novel therapeutics for innumerable diseases. Traditional medicines (TMs) have a long history date back to thousands of years. Asian countries like India and China have a rich and diverse legacy of traditional systems of medicines like Ayurveda, Siddha, and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Ocimum sanctum Linn also is known as “Holy basil” or “Tulsi” is one of the indispensable medicinal plants (MPs) reported in TMs. It has been reported to possess diverse pharmacological activities like anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, anti-stress, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, chemoprotective, anti-hyperlipidemic, cardio-protective, anti-oxidant, antitussive, radioprotective, memory enhancing, anti-arthritic, anti-fertility, anti-hypertensive, anti-coagulant, anti-cataract, anthelmintic, and anti-nociceptive activities. It has a safe record of human consumption for thousands of years. Hence, the plant has been extensively studied by several investigators and its active constituents are isolated and structure elucidations are done with modern analytical techniques. 96Some of the individual components were comprehensively studied at the molecular level and the ongoing quest of researchers enabled us to know much about the chemical constitution of O. sanctum Linn. Therefore, in this book chapter, the summarization is done along with structures of phytochemicals of sacred basil with reported biological activities.

Alkaloids are plant secondary metabolite. They are well known nitrogen-containing natural bioactive compounds. Cutting edge research is going on alkaloids to unravel novel therapeutic approaches. Literature reveals that alkaloids contribute multiple biological activities and some alkaloids transform into active metabolites too. In this review, we have focused on marketed and experimental alkaloids. We have summarized sources and biological activities of reported alkaloids in past decades.

Melanoma is a predominant cause of skin cancer-related deaths. It was reported that, the methanolic extract of Pouzolzia Indica (P. indica) on chromatography gave five compounds (1-hentriacontanyl palmitate, myricyl alcohol, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, trichadonic acid and friedelane), which inhibited the acute promyelocytic leukemia cell lines, NB4, and HT93A. Friedelane was extracted as active compound from methanolic extract of P. indica. In this study, friedelane was tested on murine metastatic B16F10 and B16BL6 melanoma cell lines. To achieve the target, the cell viability using trypan blue exclusion, acridine orange/EtBr staining and cell cytotoxicity were tested using MTT assay. Caspase-3, caspase-9, Cyt-c, BAD and Bax protein were assayed to evidence the apoptosis induction. The compound friedelane shows potent cytotoxic effect against metastatic melanoma mouse cell lines in 10 µg/ml concentration. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10616-017-0174-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

We report here the synthesis of a robust and porous metal–organic framework (MOF), Zr12-TPDC, constructed from triphenyldicarboxylic acid (H2TPDC) and an unprecedented Zr12 secondary building unit (SBU): Zr12(μ3-O)8(μ3-OH)8(μ2-OH)6. The Zr12-SBU can be viewed as an inorganic node dimerized from two commonly observed Zr6 clusters via six μ2-OH groups. The metalation of Zr12-TPDC SBUs with CoCl2 followed by treatment with NaBEt3H afforded a highly active and reusable solid Zr12-TPDC-Co catalyst for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes, nitriles, and isocyanides to corresponding amines with excellent activity and selectivity. This work highlights the opportunity in designing novel MOF-supported single-site solid catalysts by tuning the electronic and steric properties of the SBUs.

Edible plants are used as valuable sources of food and medicine to prevent nutritional imbalance, illness, and maintenance of human health. This review covers botanical descriptions, phytochemicals studies, traditional comprehensions, dietary values, and biological activities of ten vegetable plants and eight fruit plants of Tripura, India. The book “The Flora of Tripura State” helps to choose the plant species of Tripura, India and PubMed, NCBI, Google scholar databases have been used to describe the plant species briefly. Literature reveals that all the selected edible plants contain bio-active constituents (alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides, etc.) and give dynamic biological activities. All the plants have a high nutritional value. This review believes it will provide significant advances in the prevention of malnutrition and chronic diseases.

We report here the synthesis of robust and porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), M-MTBC (M = Zr or Hf), constructed from the tetrahedral linker methane-tetrakis(p-biphenylcarboxylate) (MTBC) and two types of secondary building units (SBUs): cubic M8(μ2-O)8(μ2-OH)4 and octahedral M6(μ3-O)4(μ3-OH)4. While the M6-SBU is isostructural with the 12-connected octahedral SBUs of UiO-type MOFs, the M8-SBU is composed of eight M(IV) ions in a cubic fashion linked by eight μ2-oxo and four μ2-OH groups. The metalation of Zr-MTBC SBUs with CoCl2, followed by treatment with NaBEt3H, afforded highly active and reusable solid Zr-MTBC-CoH catalysts for the hydrogenation of alkenes, imines, carbonyls, and heterocycles. Zr-MTBC-CoH was impressively tolerant of a range of functional groups and displayed high activity in the hydrogenation of tri- and tetra-substituted alkenes with TON8000 for the hydrogenation of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene. Our structural and spectroscopic studies show that site isolation of and open environments around the cobalt-hydride catalytic species at Zr8-SBUs are responsible for high catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of a wide range of challenging substrates. MOFs thus provide a novel platform for discovering and studying new single-site base-metal solid catalysts with enormous potential for sustainable chemical synthesis.

The research presented and discussed in this dissertation involves the synthesis of transition metal complexes of oxazolinylboranes and cyclopentadienyl-bis(oxazolinyl)borates, and their application in catalytic enantioselective olefin hydroamination and acceptorless alcohol decarbonylation. Neutral oxazolinylboranes are excellent synthetic intermediates for preparing new borate ligands and also developing organometallic complexes. Achiral and optically active bis(oxazolinyl)phenylboranes are synthesized by reaction of 2-lithio-2-oxazolide and 0.50 equiv of dichlorophenylborane. These bis(oxazolinyl)phenylboranes are oligomeric species in solid state resulting from the coordination of an oxazoline to the boron center of another borane monomer. The treatment of chiral bis(oxazolinyl)phenylboranes with sodium cyclopentadienide provide optically active cyclopentadienyl-bis(oxazolinyl)borates H[PhB(C{sub 5}H{sub 5})(Ox{sup R}){sub 2}] [Ox{sup R} = Ox{sup 4S-iPr,Me2}, Ox{sup 4R-iPr,Me2}, Ox{sup 4S-tBu]}. These optically active proligands react with an equivalent of M(NMe{sub 2}){sub 4} (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) to afford corresponding cyclopentadienyl-bis(oxazolinyl)borato group 4 complexes {PhB(C{sub 5}H{sub 4})(Ox{sup R}){sub 2}}M(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2} in high yields. These group 4 compounds catalyze cyclization of aminoalkenes at room temperature or below, providing pyrrolidine, piperidine, and azepane with enantiomeric excesses up to 99%. Our mechanistic investigations suggest a non-insertive mechanism involving concerted C−N/C−H bond formation in the turnover limiting step of the catalytic cycle. Among cyclopentadienyl-bis(oxazolinyl)borato group 4 catalysts, the zirconium complex {PhB(C{sub 5}H{sub 4})(Ox{sup 4S-iPr,Me2}){sub 2}}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2} ({S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2}) displays highest activity and enantioselectivity. Interestingly, {S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2} also desymmetrizes olefin moieties of achiral non-conjugated aminodienes and aminodiynes during cyclization. The cyclization of aminodienes catalyzed by {S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2} affords diastereomeric mixture of cis and trans cylic amines with high diasteromeric ratios and excellent enantiomeric excesses. Similarly, the desymmetrization of alkyne moieties in {S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2}-catalyzed cyclization of aminodiynes provides corresponding cyclic imines bearing quaternary stereocenters with enantiomeric excesses up to 93%. These stereoselective desymmetrization reactions are significantly affected by concentration of the substrate, temperature, and the presence of a noncyclizable primary amine. In addition, both the diastereomeric ratios and enantiomeric excesses of the products are markedly enhanced by N-deuteration of the substrates. Notably, the cationic zirconium-monoamide complex [{S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2})][B(C{sub 6}F{sub 5}){sub 4}] obtained from neutral {S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2} cyclizes primary aminopentenes providing pyrrolidines with S-configuration; whereas {S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2} provides R-configured pyrrolidines. The yttrium complex {S-2}YCH{sub 2}SiMe{sub 3} also affords S-configured pyrrolidines by cyclization of aminopentenes, however the enantiomeric excesses of products are low. An alternative optically active yttrium complex {PhB(C{sub 5}H{sub 4})(Ox{sup 4S-tBu}){sub 2}}YCH{sub 2}SiMe{sub 3} ({S-3}YCH{sub 2}SiMe{sub 3}) is synthesized, which displays highly enantioselective in the cyclization of aminoalkenes at room temperature affording S-configured cyclic amines with enantiomeric excesses up to 96%. A noninsertive mechanism involving a six-membered transition state by a concerted C−N bond formation and N−H bond cleavage is proposed for {S-3}YCH{sub 2}SiMe{sub 3} system based on the kinetic, spectroscopic, and stereochemical features. In the end, a series of bis- and tris(oxazolinyl)borato iridium and rhodium complexes are synthesized with bis(oxazolinyl)phenylborane [PhB(Ox{sup Me2}){sub 2}]{sub n}, tris(oxazolinyl)borane [B(Ox{sup Me2}){sub 3}]n, and tris(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenylborate [To{sup M}]{sup −}. All these new and other known rhodium and iridium complexes were examined in acceptorless dehydrogenative decarbonylation of primary alcohols. The catalysts survey shows that the compound To{sup M}Ir(η{sup 4}- C{sub 8}H{sub 12}) is the most active for the conversion of primary alcohols into alkane, H{sub 2}, and CO at 180 °C in toluene. Several aliphatic and aromatic primary alcohols are decarbonylated in the catalytic conditions. Furthermore, To{sup M}Ir(η{sup 4}-C{sub 8}H{sub 12}) is also able to decarbonylate polyols such as ethylene glycol and glycerol to syngas (H{sub 2} and CO) at 180 °C.

Emerging resistance to existing antibiotics is an inevitable matter of concern in the treatment of bacterial infection. Naturally occurring unique class of natural antibiotic, platensimycin, a secondary metabolite from Streptomyces platensis, is an excellent breakthrough in recent antibiotic research with unique structural pattern and significant antibacterial activity. β-Ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein (ACP)) synthase (FabF) whose Gram-positive bacteria need to biosynthesize cell membranes is the target of inhibition of platensimycin. So, isolation, retrosynthetic analysis, synthesis of platensimycin, and analogues of platensimycin synthesized till today are the objectives of this review which may be helpful to further investigate and to reveal untouched area on this molecule and to obtain a potential antibacterial lead with enhanced significant antibacterial activity.