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1. Past and future carbon fluxes from land use change, shifting cultivation and wood harvest

Author

Benjamin D. Stocker, Fabian Feissli, Kuno M. Strassmann, Renato Spahni, and Fortunat Joos

Subjects
land use change, carbon cycle, carbon budget, wood harvest, shifting cultivation, terrestrial carbon sink, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Carbon emissions from anthropogenic land use (LU) and land use change (LUC) are quantified with a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model for the past and the 21st century following Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Wood harvesting and parallel abandonment and expansion of agricultural land in areas of shifting cultivation are explicitly simulated (gross LUC) based on the Land Use Harmonization (LUH) dataset and a proposed alternative method that relies on minimum input data and generically accounts for gross LUC. Cumulative global LUC emissions are 72 GtC by 1850 and 243 GtC by 2004 and 27–151 GtC for the next 95 yr following the different RCP scenarios. The alternative method reproduces results based on LUH data with full transition information within

Published
2014
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2. CdTe Nanowires studied by Transient Absorption Microscopy

Author

Kuno M., Huang L. B., Petchsang N., Major T. A., Lo S. S., and Hartland G. V.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Transient absorption measurements were performed on single CdTe nanowires. The traces show fast decays that were assigned to charge carrier trapping at surface states. The observed power dependence suggests the existence of a trap-filling mechanism. Acoustic phonon modes were also observed, which were assigned to breathing modes of the nanowires. Both the fundamental breathing mode and the first overtone were observed, and the dephasing times provide information about how the nanowires interact with their environment.

Published
2013
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3. Band splitting and Weyl nodes in trigonal tellurium studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory

Author

Nakayama, K., Kuno, M., Yamauchi, K., Souma, S., Sugawara, K., Oguchi, T., Sato, T., and Takahashi, T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We have performed high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on trigonal tellurium consisting of helical chains in the crystal. Through the band-structure mapping in the three-dimensional Brillouin zone, we found a definitive evidence for the band splitting originating from the chiral nature of crystal. A direct comparison of the band dispersion between the ARPES results and the first-principles band-structure calculations suggests the presence of Weyl nodes and tiny spin-polarized hole pockets around the H point. The present result opens a pathway toward studying the interplay among crystal symmetry, band structure, and exotic physical properties in chiral crystals., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2017
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4. B-054 Potential of Autotaxin in the Early Diagnosis of Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Author

Takemura, K, primary, Nakamae, M, additional, Okamura, H, additional, Sakatoku, K, additional, Ido, K, additional, Makuuchi, Y, additional, Kuno, M, additional, Takakuwa, T, additional, Hirose, A, additional, Nishimoto, M, additional, Nakashima, Y, additional, Koh, H, additional, Igarashi, K, additional, Kubota, H, additional, Hino, M, additional, and Nakamae, H, additional

Published
2023
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5. Photon Counting Statistics For Blinking CdSe-ZnS Quantum Dots: A Levy Walk Process

Author

Margolin, G., Protasenko, V., Kuno, M., and Barkai, E.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

This paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to a copyright conflict with the Journal of Physical Chemistry, to which it has been submitted., Comment: This paper has been withdrawn

Published
2006
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8. 142P The predictive biomarker for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with the combination therapy of nivolumab plus ipilimumab: Musashino study-irAE

Author

Kizawa, R., primary, Kuno, M., additional, Washino, S., additional, Shirotake, S., additional, Izumi, K., additional, Inoue, M., additional, Kagawa, M., additional, Takeshita, H., additional, Hyodo, Y., additional, Kawakami, S., additional, Saito, K., additional, Kageyama, Y., additional, Oyama, M., additional, Miyagawa, T., additional, and Miura, Y., additional

Published
2022
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9. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY PROFILING, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EVALUATION, AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF ESSENTIAL OIL AND SCENTED EXTRACT FROM THE Porana volubilis Burm. f. FLOWER.

Author

Khammee, T., Chokboribal, J., Ninsuwan, U., Saenkham, A., and Kuno, M.

Subjects
ESSENTIAL oils, MOLECULAR docking, GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS), DENATURATION of proteins, SOLVENT extraction, SERUM albumin
Abstract

Volatile components of Porana volubilis Burm. f. flowers from Bangkok were extracted by using steam distillation and solvent extraction prior to analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and their antiinflammatory activity was assessed in vitro and in silico. Forty-two compounds were identified with essential oil. The key volatile components were detected in the hexane-scented extract. Twenty-one compounds were detected with major volatile components of octacosanaol, dodecanoic acid, nonacosane, n-hexadecanoic acid, and tetratriacontane for ethanolic scented extract. The essential oil and extract were evaluated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory effect by protein denaturation assay. The essential oil showed the most potent anti-denaturation activity with IC50 values of 537.6 g/mL. The primary components of essential oil were submitted ta molecular docking research based on their anti-inflammatory effect. The obtained results revealed that the main components were found as the crucial interactions for binding in the bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding site. The results obtained demonstrated the essential oil of P. volubilis is the potential source for the anti-inflammatory agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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10. White matter microstructure and its relation to clinical features of obsessive–compulsive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA OCD Working Group

Author

Piras F., Abe Y., Agarwal S. M., Anticevic A., Ameis S., Arnold P., Banaj N., Bargallo N., Batistuzzo M. C., Benedetti F., Beucke J. -C., Boedhoe P. S. W., Bollettini I., Brem S., Calvo A., Cho K. I. K., Ciullo V., Dallaspezia S., Dickie E., Ely B. A., Fan S., Fouche J. -P., Gruner P., Gursel D. A., Hauser T., Hirano Y., Hoexter M. Q., Iorio M., James A., Reddy Y. C. J., Kaufmann C., Koch K., Kochunov P., Kwon J. S., Lazaro L., Lochner C., Marsh R., Nakagawa A., Nakamae T., Narayanaswamy J. C., Sakai Y., Shimizu E., Simon D., Simpson H. B., Soreni N., Stampfli P., Stern E. R., Szeszko P., Takahashi J., Venkatasubramanian G., Wang Z., Yun J. -Y., Assogna F., Calvo R., Wit S. J., Hough M., Kuno M., Miguel E. C., Morer A., Pittenger C., Poletti S., Smeraldi E., Sato J. R., Tsuchiyagaito A., Walitza S., van der Werf Y. D., Vecchio D., Zarei M., Stein D. J., Jahanshad N., Thompson P. M., van den Heuvel O. A., Spalletta G., Piras, F., Abe, Y., Agarwal, S. M., Anticevic, A., Ameis, S., Arnold, P., Banaj, N., Bargallo, N., Batistuzzo, M. C., Benedetti, F., Beucke, J. -C., Boedhoe, P. S. W., Bollettini, I., Brem, S., Calvo, A., Cho, K. I. K., Ciullo, V., Dallaspezia, S., Dickie, E., Ely, B. A., Fan, S., Fouche, J. -P., Gruner, P., Gursel, D. A., Hauser, T., Hirano, Y., Hoexter, M. Q., Iorio, M., James, A., Reddy, Y. C. J., Kaufmann, C., Koch, K., Kochunov, P., Kwon, J. S., Lazaro, L., Lochner, C., Marsh, R., Nakagawa, A., Nakamae, T., Narayanaswamy, J. C., Sakai, Y., Shimizu, E., Simon, D., Simpson, H. B., Soreni, N., Stampfli, P., Stern, E. R., Szeszko, P., Takahashi, J., Venkatasubramanian, G., Wang, Z., Yun, J. -Y., Assogna, F., Calvo, R., Wit, S. J., Hough, M., Kuno, M., Miguel, E. C., Morer, A., Pittenger, C., Poletti, S., Smeraldi, E., Sato, J. R., Tsuchiyagaito, A., Walitza, S., van der Werf, Y. D., Vecchio, D., Zarei, M., Stein, D. J., Jahanshad, N., Thompson, P. M., van den Heuvel, O. A., Spalletta, G., Anatomy and neurosciences, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration

Subjects
Adult, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, medicine.medical_specialty, Younger age, Cross-sectional study, Article, lcsh:RC321-571, White matter, neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Group differences, Obsessive compulsive, Internal medicine, Fractional anisotropy, medicine, Humans, 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie, Child, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, business.industry, Brain, White Matter, White matter microstructure, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, psychiatric disorders, Anisotropy, business, Diffusion MRI
Abstract

Microstructural alterations in cortico-subcortical connections are thought to be present in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, prior studies have yielded inconsistent findings, perhaps because small sample sizes provided insufficient power to detect subtle abnormalities. Here we investigated microstructural white matter alterations and their relation to clinical features in the largest dataset of adult and pediatric OCD to date. We analyzed diffusion tensor imaging metrics from 700 adult patients and 645 adult controls, as well as 174 pediatric patients and 144 pediatric controls across 19 sites participating in the ENIGMA OCD Working Group, in a cross-sectional case-control magnetic resonance study. We extracted measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) as main outcome, and mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity as secondary outcomes for 25 white matter regions. We meta-analyzed patient-control group differences (Cohen’s d) across sites, after adjusting for age and sex, and investigated associations with clinical characteristics. Adult OCD patients showed significant FA reduction in the sagittal stratum (d = −0.21, z = −3.21, p = 0.001) and posterior thalamic radiation (d = −0.26, z = −4.57, p z = 2.71, p = 0.006), longer duration of illness (z = −2.086, p = 0.036), and a higher percentage of medicated patients in the cohorts studied (z = −1.98, p = 0.047). No significant association with symptom severity was found. Pediatric OCD patients did not show any detectable microstructural abnormalities compared to controls. Our findings of microstructural alterations in projection and association fibers to posterior brain regions in OCD are consistent with models emphasizing deficits in connectivity as an important feature of this disorder.

Published
2021

16. Identification of differentially expressed transcripts in bovine rumen and abomasum using a differential display method

Author

Roh, S.G., Kuno, M., Hishikawa, D., Hong, Y.H., Katoh, K., Obara, Y., Hidari, H., and Sasaki, S.

Subjects
Rumen -- Physiological aspects, Rumen -- Research, Beef cattle -- Research, Beef cattle -- Genetic aspects, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The rumen has several important physiological functions: absorption, transport, metabolic activity, and protection. To clarify the molecular basis underlying the physiological function of the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, we used mRNA differential display to isolate and identify differentially expressed genes in these tissues. We isolated 18 transcripts that coexpressed in the rumen, reticulum, and omasum. Five genes, ribosomal protein 19 (RPS19), basic helix-loop-helix domain containing class B2 (BHLHB2), NADH dehydrogenase flavoprotein 2 (NDUFV2), exosome component 9 (EXOSC9), and ribosomal protein 23 (RPS23), were highly expressed in the rumen of adult Holstein and Japanese Black cattle. Significant differences of expression were observed in the abomasum compared with the rumen, reticulum, and omasum. To investigate the expression pattern of these genes during the neonatal growth stage, the relative levels of gene expression were analyzed in the rumen and abomasum of 3-wk-, 13-wk-, and 18- to 20-mo-old Holstein cattle. The expression level of RPS19 did not change with age in the rumen and abomasum. The levels of BHLHB2, NDUFV2, and EXOSC9 mRNA in the abomasum decreased (P < 0.05) after weaning and declined (P < 0.05) further in adults; in contrast, expression in the rumen was not altered. Interestingly, the levels of RPS23 mRNA in the rumen increased (P < 0.05) after weaning and further increased in the adult; however, the level of expression of this gene decreased (P < 0.05) in the abomasum with weaning and age. This indicates that the 4 tissues, especially the rumen and abomasum, have different developmental pathways after birth and subsequent onset of rumination. Key words: abomasum, cattle, differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, rumen

Published
2007

17. Mapping Cortical and Subcortical Asymmetry in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Findings From the ENIGMA Consortium

Author

Kong, X-Z, Boedhoe, PSW, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Arnold, PD, Assogna, F, Baker, JT, Batistuzzo, MC, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Brem, S, Brennan, BP, Buitelaar, J, Calvo, R, Cheng, Y, Cho, KIK, Dallaspezia, S, Denys, D, Ely, BA, Feusner, J, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouche, J-P, Fridgeirsson, EA, Glahn, DC, Gruner, P, Gursel, DA, Hauser, TU, Hirano, Y, Hoexter, MQ, Hu, H, Huyser, C, James, A, Jaspers-Fayer, F, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Koch, K, Kuno, M, Kvale, G, Kwon, JS, Lazaro, L, Liu, Y, Lochner, C, Marques, P, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, I, Mataix-Cols, D, Medland, SE, Menchon, JM, Minuzzi, L, Moreira, PS, Morer, A, Morgado, P, Nakagawa, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nurmi, EL, O'Neill, J, Pariente, JC, Perriello, C, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Pittenger, C, Reddy, YCJ, Rus-Oswald, OG, Sakai, Y, Sato, JR, Schmaal, L, Simpson, HB, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stern, ER, Stevens, MC, Stewart, SE, Szeszko, PR, Tolin, DF, Tsuchiyagaito, A, van Rooij, D, van Wingen, GA, Venkatasubramanian, G, Wang, Z, Yun, J-Y, Thompson, PM, Stein, DJ, van den Heuvel, OA, Francks, C, Kong, X-Z, Boedhoe, PSW, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Arnold, PD, Assogna, F, Baker, JT, Batistuzzo, MC, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Brem, S, Brennan, BP, Buitelaar, J, Calvo, R, Cheng, Y, Cho, KIK, Dallaspezia, S, Denys, D, Ely, BA, Feusner, J, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouche, J-P, Fridgeirsson, EA, Glahn, DC, Gruner, P, Gursel, DA, Hauser, TU, Hirano, Y, Hoexter, MQ, Hu, H, Huyser, C, James, A, Jaspers-Fayer, F, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Koch, K, Kuno, M, Kvale, G, Kwon, JS, Lazaro, L, Liu, Y, Lochner, C, Marques, P, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, I, Mataix-Cols, D, Medland, SE, Menchon, JM, Minuzzi, L, Moreira, PS, Morer, A, Morgado, P, Nakagawa, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nurmi, EL, O'Neill, J, Pariente, JC, Perriello, C, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Pittenger, C, Reddy, YCJ, Rus-Oswald, OG, Sakai, Y, Sato, JR, Schmaal, L, Simpson, HB, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stern, ER, Stevens, MC, Stewart, SE, Szeszko, PR, Tolin, DF, Tsuchiyagaito, A, van Rooij, D, van Wingen, GA, Venkatasubramanian, G, Wang, Z, Yun, J-Y, Thompson, PM, Stein, DJ, van den Heuvel, OA, and Francks, C

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Lateralized dysfunction has been suggested in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, it is currently unclear whether OCD is characterized by abnormal patterns of brain structural asymmetry. Here we carried out what is by far the largest study of brain structural asymmetry in OCD. METHODS: We studied a collection of 16 pediatric datasets (501 patients with OCD and 439 healthy control subjects), as well as 30 adult datasets (1777 patients and 1654 control subjects) from the OCD Working Group within the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium. Asymmetries of the volumes of subcortical structures, and of measures of regional cortical thickness and surface areas, were assessed based on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans, using harmonized image analysis and quality control protocols. We investigated possible alterations of brain asymmetry in patients with OCD. We also explored potential associations of asymmetry with specific aspects of the disorder and medication status. RESULTS: In the pediatric datasets, the largest case-control differences were observed for volume asymmetry of the thalamus (more leftward; Cohen's d = 0.19) and the pallidum (less leftward; d = -0.21). Additional analyses suggested putative links between these asymmetry patterns and medication status, OCD severity, or anxiety and depression comorbidities. No significant case-control differences were found in the adult datasets. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest subtle changes of the average asymmetry of subcortical structures in pediatric OCD, which are not detectable in adults with the disorder. These findings may reflect altered neurodevelopmental processes in OCD.

Published
2020

18. Subcortical Brain Volume, Regional Cortical Thickness, and Cortical Surface Area Across Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD Working Groups

Author

Boedhoe, PSW, van Rooij, D, Hoogman, M, Twisk, JWR, Schmaal, L, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Anikin, A, Anticevic, A, Arango, C, Arnold, PD, Asherson, P, Assogna, F, Auzias, G, Banaschewski, T, Baranov, A, Batistuzzo, MC, Baumeister, S, Baur-Streubel, R, Behrmann, M, Bellgrove, MA, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Biederman, J, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Bralten, J, Bramati, IE, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Brennan, BP, Busatto, GF, Calderoni, S, Calvo, A, Calvo, R, Castellanos, FX, Cercignani, M, Chaim-Avancini, TM, Chantiluke, KC, Cheng, Y, Cho, KIK, Christakou, A, Coghill, D, Conzelmann, A, Cubillo, A, Dale, AM, Dallaspezia, S, Daly, E, Denys, D, Deruelle, C, Di Martino, A, Dinstein, I, Doyle, AE, Durston, S, Earl, EA, Ecker, C, Ehrlich, S, Ely, BA, Epstein, JN, Ethofer, T, Fair, DA, Fallgatter, AJ, Faraone, S, Fedor, J, Feng, X, Feusner, JD, Fitzgerald, J, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouche, J-P, Freitag, CM, Fridgeirsson, EA, Frodl, T, Gabel, MC, Gallagher, L, Gogberashvili, T, Gori, I, Gruner, P, Gursel, DA, Haar, S, Haavik, J, Hall, GB, Harrison, NA, Hartman, CA, Heslenfeld, DJ, Hirano, Y, Hoekstra, PJ, Hoexter, MQ, Hohmann, S, Hovik, MF, Hu, H, Huyser, C, Jahanshad, N, Jalbrzikowski, M, James, A, Janssen, J, Jaspers-Fayer, F, Jernigan, TL, Kapilushniy, D, Kardatzki, B, Karkashadze, G, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Kelly, C, Khadka, S, King, JA, Koch, K, Kohls, G, Konrad, K, Kuno, M, Kuntsi, J, Kvale, G, Kwon, JS, Lazaro, L, Lera-Miguel, S, Lesch, K-P, Hoekstra, L, Liu, Y, Lochner, C, Louza, MR, Luna, B, Lundervold, AJ, Malpas, CB, Marques, P, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, I, Mataix-Cols, D, Mattos, P, McCarthy, H, McGrath, J, Mehta, MA, Menchon, JM, Mennes, M, Martinho, MM, Moreira, PS, Morer, A, Morgado, P, Muratori, F, Murphy, CM, Murphy, DGM, Nakagawa, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Namazova-Baranova, L, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nicolau, R, Nigg, JT, Novotny, SE, Nurmi, EL, Weiss, EO, Tuura, RLO, O'Hearn, K, O'Neill, J, Oosterlaan, J, Oranje, B, Paloyelis, Y, Parellada, M, Pauli, P, Perriello, C, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Plessen, KJ, Puig, O, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Reddy, YCJ, Reif, A, Reneman, L, Retico, A, Rosa, PGP, Rubia, K, Rus, OG, Sakai, Y, Schrantee, A, Schwarz, L, Schweren, LJS, Seitz, J, Shaw, P, Shook, D, Silk, TJ, Simpson, HB, Skokauskas, N, Vila, JCS, Solovieva, A, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stern, ER, Stevens, MC, Stewart, SE, Sudre, G, Szeszko, PR, Tamm, L, Taylor, MJ, Tolin, DF, Tosetti, M, Tovar-Moll, F, Tsuchiyagaito, A, van Erp, TGM, van Wingen, GA, Vance, A, Venkatasubramanian, G, Vilarroya, O, Vives-Gilabert, Y, von Polier, GG, Walitza, S, Wallace, GL, Wang, Z, Wolfers, T, Yoncheva, YN, Yun, J-Y, Zanetti, M, Zhou, F, Ziegler, GC, Zierhut, KC, Zwiers, MP, Thompson, PM, Stein, DJ, Buitelaar, J, Franke, B, van den Heuvel, OA, Boedhoe, PSW, van Rooij, D, Hoogman, M, Twisk, JWR, Schmaal, L, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Anikin, A, Anticevic, A, Arango, C, Arnold, PD, Asherson, P, Assogna, F, Auzias, G, Banaschewski, T, Baranov, A, Batistuzzo, MC, Baumeister, S, Baur-Streubel, R, Behrmann, M, Bellgrove, MA, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Biederman, J, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Bralten, J, Bramati, IE, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Brennan, BP, Busatto, GF, Calderoni, S, Calvo, A, Calvo, R, Castellanos, FX, Cercignani, M, Chaim-Avancini, TM, Chantiluke, KC, Cheng, Y, Cho, KIK, Christakou, A, Coghill, D, Conzelmann, A, Cubillo, A, Dale, AM, Dallaspezia, S, Daly, E, Denys, D, Deruelle, C, Di Martino, A, Dinstein, I, Doyle, AE, Durston, S, Earl, EA, Ecker, C, Ehrlich, S, Ely, BA, Epstein, JN, Ethofer, T, Fair, DA, Fallgatter, AJ, Faraone, S, Fedor, J, Feng, X, Feusner, JD, Fitzgerald, J, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouche, J-P, Freitag, CM, Fridgeirsson, EA, Frodl, T, Gabel, MC, Gallagher, L, Gogberashvili, T, Gori, I, Gruner, P, Gursel, DA, Haar, S, Haavik, J, Hall, GB, Harrison, NA, Hartman, CA, Heslenfeld, DJ, Hirano, Y, Hoekstra, PJ, Hoexter, MQ, Hohmann, S, Hovik, MF, Hu, H, Huyser, C, Jahanshad, N, Jalbrzikowski, M, James, A, Janssen, J, Jaspers-Fayer, F, Jernigan, TL, Kapilushniy, D, Kardatzki, B, Karkashadze, G, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Kelly, C, Khadka, S, King, JA, Koch, K, Kohls, G, Konrad, K, Kuno, M, Kuntsi, J, Kvale, G, Kwon, JS, Lazaro, L, Lera-Miguel, S, Lesch, K-P, Hoekstra, L, Liu, Y, Lochner, C, Louza, MR, Luna, B, Lundervold, AJ, Malpas, CB, Marques, P, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, I, Mataix-Cols, D, Mattos, P, McCarthy, H, McGrath, J, Mehta, MA, Menchon, JM, Mennes, M, Martinho, MM, Moreira, PS, Morer, A, Morgado, P, Muratori, F, Murphy, CM, Murphy, DGM, Nakagawa, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Namazova-Baranova, L, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nicolau, R, Nigg, JT, Novotny, SE, Nurmi, EL, Weiss, EO, Tuura, RLO, O'Hearn, K, O'Neill, J, Oosterlaan, J, Oranje, B, Paloyelis, Y, Parellada, M, Pauli, P, Perriello, C, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Plessen, KJ, Puig, O, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Reddy, YCJ, Reif, A, Reneman, L, Retico, A, Rosa, PGP, Rubia, K, Rus, OG, Sakai, Y, Schrantee, A, Schwarz, L, Schweren, LJS, Seitz, J, Shaw, P, Shook, D, Silk, TJ, Simpson, HB, Skokauskas, N, Vila, JCS, Solovieva, A, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stern, ER, Stevens, MC, Stewart, SE, Sudre, G, Szeszko, PR, Tamm, L, Taylor, MJ, Tolin, DF, Tosetti, M, Tovar-Moll, F, Tsuchiyagaito, A, van Erp, TGM, van Wingen, GA, Vance, A, Venkatasubramanian, G, Vilarroya, O, Vives-Gilabert, Y, von Polier, GG, Walitza, S, Wallace, GL, Wang, Z, Wolfers, T, Yoncheva, YN, Yun, J-Y, Zanetti, M, Zhou, F, Ziegler, GC, Zierhut, KC, Zwiers, MP, Thompson, PM, Stein, DJ, Buitelaar, J, Franke, B, and van den Heuvel, OA

Abstract

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. The authors sought to directly compare these disorders using structural brain imaging data from ENIGMA consortium data. Methods: Structural T1-weighted whole-brain MRI data from healthy control subjects (N=5,827) and from patients with ADHD (N=2,271), ASD (N=1,777), and OCD (N=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. The authors examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults, using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex, and site (and intracranial volume for subcortical and surface area measures). Results: No shared differences were found among all three disorders, and shared differences between any two disorders did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Children with ADHD compared with those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller intracranial volume than control subjects and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared with adult control subjects and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific differences were observed across different age groups and surface area differences among all disorders in childhood and adulthood. Conclusions: The study findings suggest robust but subtle differences across different age groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific intracranial volume and hippocampal differences in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness differences in the frontal cortex in adults, support previous work emphasizing structural brain differences in these disorders.

Published
2020

19. Structural neuroimaging biomarkers for obsessive-compulsive disorder in the ENIGMA-OCD consortium: medication matters

Author

Bruin, WB, Taylor, L, Thomas, RM, Shock, JP, Zhutovsky, P, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Anticevic, A, Arnold, PD, Assogna, F, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Boedhoe, PSW, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Brem, S, Brennan, BP, Buitelaar, JK, Calvo, R, Cheng, Y, Cho, KIK, Dallaspezia, S, Denys, D, Ely, BA, Feusner, JD, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouche, J-P, Fridgeirsson, EA, Gruner, P, Guersel, DA, Hauser, TU, Hirano, Y, Hoexter, MQ, Hu, H, Huyser, C, Ivanov, I, James, A, Jaspers-Fayer, F, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Koch, K, Kuno, M, Kvale, G, Kwon, JS, Liu, Y, Lochner, C, Lazaro, L, Marques, P, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, Mataix-Cols, D, Menchon, JM, Minuzzi, L, Moreira, PS, Morer, A, Morgado, P, Nakagawa, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nurmi, EL, O'Neill, J, Pariente, JC, Perriello, C, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Reddy, YCJ, Rus-Oswald, OG, Sakai, Y, Sato, JR, Schmaal, L, Shimizu, E, Simpson, HB, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stern, ER, Stevens, MC, Stewart, SE, Szeszko, PR, Tolin, DF, Venkatasubramanian, G, Wang, Z, Yun, J-Y, van Rooij, D, Thompson, PM, van den Heuvel, OA, Stein, DJ, van Wingen, GA, Bruin, WB, Taylor, L, Thomas, RM, Shock, JP, Zhutovsky, P, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Anticevic, A, Arnold, PD, Assogna, F, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Boedhoe, PSW, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Brem, S, Brennan, BP, Buitelaar, JK, Calvo, R, Cheng, Y, Cho, KIK, Dallaspezia, S, Denys, D, Ely, BA, Feusner, JD, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouche, J-P, Fridgeirsson, EA, Gruner, P, Guersel, DA, Hauser, TU, Hirano, Y, Hoexter, MQ, Hu, H, Huyser, C, Ivanov, I, James, A, Jaspers-Fayer, F, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Koch, K, Kuno, M, Kvale, G, Kwon, JS, Liu, Y, Lochner, C, Lazaro, L, Marques, P, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, Mataix-Cols, D, Menchon, JM, Minuzzi, L, Moreira, PS, Morer, A, Morgado, P, Nakagawa, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nurmi, EL, O'Neill, J, Pariente, JC, Perriello, C, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Reddy, YCJ, Rus-Oswald, OG, Sakai, Y, Sato, JR, Schmaal, L, Shimizu, E, Simpson, HB, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stern, ER, Stevens, MC, Stewart, SE, Szeszko, PR, Tolin, DF, Venkatasubramanian, G, Wang, Z, Yun, J-Y, van Rooij, D, Thompson, PM, van den Heuvel, OA, Stein, DJ, and van Wingen, GA

Abstract

No diagnostic biomarkers are available for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we aimed to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for OCD, using 46 data sets with 2304 OCD patients and 2068 healthy controls from the ENIGMA consortium. We performed machine learning analysis of regional measures of cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volume and tested classification performance using cross-validation. Classification performance for OCD vs. controls using the complete sample with different classifiers and cross-validation strategies was poor. When models were validated on data from other sites, model performance did not exceed chance-level. In contrast, fair classification performance was achieved when patients were grouped according to their medication status. These results indicate that medication use is associated with substantial differences in brain anatomy that are widely distributed, and indicate that clinical heterogeneity contributes to the poor performance of structural MRI as a disease marker.

Published
2020

20. Thermal Decoherence of Superradiance in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Superlattices

Author

Mattiotti, Francesco, Kuno, M., Borgonovi, Fausto, Janko, B., Celardo, G. L., Mattiotti F. (ORCID:0000-0002-2532-8876), Borgonovi F. (ORCID:0000-0002-9730-1189), Mattiotti, Francesco, Kuno, M., Borgonovi, Fausto, Janko, B., Celardo, G. L., Mattiotti F. (ORCID:0000-0002-2532-8876), and Borgonovi F. (ORCID:0000-0002-9730-1189)

Abstract

Recent experiments by Rainò et al. (Nature 2018, 563, 671-675) have documented cooperative emission from CsPbBr3 nanocrystal superlattices, exhibiting the hallmarks of low-temperature superradiance. In particular, the optical response is coherent and the radiative decay rate is increased by a factor of 3, relative to that of individual nanocrystals. However, the increase is 6 orders of magnitude smaller than what is theoretically expected from the superradiance of large assemblies, consisting of 106-108 interacting nanocrystals. Here, we develop a theoretical model of superradiance for such systems and show that thermal decoherence is largely responsible for the drastic reduction of the radiative decay rate in nanocrystal superlattices. Our theoretical approach explains the experimental results (Nature 2018, 563, 671-675), provides insight into the design of small nanocrystal superlattices, and shows a 4 orders of magnitude enhancement in superradiant response. These quantitative predictions pave the path toward observing superradiance at higher temperatures.

Published
2020

28. The CH2018 scenarios in use

Author

Bresch, David N., Bavay, Mathias, Burlando, Paolo, Dahinden, Fabienne, Fatichi, Simone, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fischer, Andreas M., Kotlarski, Sven, Marty, Chritoph, Nadav, Peleg, Rössler, Ole Kristen, Skelton, Maurice, and Strassmann, Kuno M.

Subjects
910 Geography & travel, 500 Science
Abstract

This report is the result of a joint effort by several Swiss institutions under the umbrella of the National Center for Climate Services (NCCS), with major inputs from MeteoSwiss, ETH Zurich, the Center for Climate Systems Modeling (C2SM), the University of Bern, and the Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF/WSL). It provides the most accurate, up-to-date, and coherent climate information available to support assessments of climate change impacts and decisions about adaptation and mitigation in Switzerland. It builds on previous scenario efforts and assesses past and future changes in the physical climate system of Switzerland.

Published
2018

37. Molecular fluorescence in the vicinity of a nanoscopic probe.

Author

Hamann, H. F., Kuno, M., Gallagher, A., and Nesbitt, D. J.

Subjects
*FLUORESCENCE, *MOLECULES
Abstract

The dramatic modifications of molecular fluorescence in the proximity of a sharp nanoscopic probe is investigated by an apertureless or antenna-based near-field scanning optical microscope, which exploits the interactions between a fluorescent sample and a laser illuminated Si atomic force microscope probe. Specifically, luminescence is monitored from evanescently excited, dye-doped polystyrene nanospheres (R[sub S]=20-80 nm) on a fused silica prism surface as a function of probe-sample geometry. The incident laser field is enhanced in the near-field of the probe tip, resulting in images with high sensitivity (σ[sub min]approx. 2 Å[sup 2] in a 1 Hz detection bandwidth) and strongly subdiffraction-limited spatial resolution. At probe-sample distances greater than approx. λ/2, the images are dominated by far-field interference between (i) direct fluorescence from the molecular sample and (ii) indirect fluorescence from image dipoles induced in the atomic force microscope probe. Near-field "shadowing" of the molecular fluorescence by the probe also occurs and is studied as a function of probe-sample-detector geometry. Finally, effects of probe-sample proximity on the fluorescence emission spectrum are investigated. In summary, the data elucidate several novel near- and far-field molecular fluorescence enhancement effects relevant to further development of molecular and nanostructural spectroscopic methods with spatial resolution well below the diffraction limit. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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46. Magnetic circular dichroism study of CdSe quantum dots.

Author

Kuno, M. and Nirmal, M.

Subjects
*MAGNETIC circular dichroism, *QUANTUM dots
Abstract

Examines magnetic circular dichroism study of CdSe quantum dots. Differences between left and right circularly polarized transitions in magnetic field; Determination of the sign and magnitude in exciton g-factor; Sensitivity of exciton g-factor to energy band parameters.

Published
1998
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47. The band edge luminescence of surface modified CdSe nanocrystallites: Probing the luminescing state.

Author

Kuno, M. and Lee, J.K.

Subjects
*CADMIUM compounds, *SELENIUM compounds, *CRYSTALS, *NANOSTRUCTURED materials, *LUMINESCENCE
Abstract

Studies the luminescence of surface modified cadmium selenium nanocrystallites. Indications of the origins of the band edge luminescence of the compound crystallites; Optical inactivity of fine structure states; Modification of the surface of the nanocrystals.

Published
1997
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