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1. Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan PD, Leaitch, W Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A, Bertram, Allan K, Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel YW, Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P, Christensen, Robert J, Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B, Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J, Fletcher, Christopher G, Galí, Martí, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J, Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B, Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E, Keita, Setigui A, Kodros, John K, Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A, Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M, Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V, Mason, Ryan H, Miller, Lisa A, Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L, Murphy, Jennifer G, Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T, Pierce, Jeffrey R, Russell, Lynn M, Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M, Steiner, Nadja S, Thomas, Jennie L, von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy JB, Willis, Megan D, Wentworth, Gregory R, Xu, Jun-Wei, and Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D

Subjects
Climate Action, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013. (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water (up to 75 nM) and the overlying atmosphere (up to 1 ppbv) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source (with DMS concentrations of up to 6 nM and a potential contribution to atmospheric DMS of 20 % in the study area). (2) Evidence of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer was found in the CAA in the summertime, with these events observed on 41 % of days in a 2016 cruise. As well, at Alert, Nunavut, particles that are newly formed and grown under conditions of minimal anthropogenic influence during the months of July and August are estimated to contribute 20 % to 80 % of the 30-50 nm particle number density. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from seabird-colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol-climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms, with evidence for a dominant springtime contribution from eastern and southern Asia to the middle troposphere, and a major contribution from northern Asia to the surface. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow (0.03 cm s1).

Published
2019

2. New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan PD, Leaitch, W Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A, Bertram, Alan K, Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel YW, Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P, Christensen, Robert J, Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B, Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J, Fletcher, Christopher G, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J, Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B, Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E, Keita, Setigui A, Kodros, John K, Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A, Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M, Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V, Mason, Ryan H, Miller, Lisa A, Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L, Murphy, Jennifer G, Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T, Pierce, Jeffrey R, Russell, Lynn M, Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M, Steiner, Nadja S, Galí, Martí, Thomas, Jennie L, von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy JB, Willis, Megan D, Wentworth, Gregory R, Xu, Jun-Wei, and Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Action, Life Below Water, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Abstract

Abstract. Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013 . (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water and the overlying atmosphere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source. (2) Evidence was found of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer in the CAA in the summertime. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from sea bird colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic material (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol–climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow.

Published
2018

3. The influence of extratropical cross-tropopause mixing on the correlation between ozone and sulfate aerosol in the lowermost stratosphere

Author

Joppe, Philipp, primary, Schneider, Johannes, additional, Kaiser, Katharina, additional, Fischer, Horst, additional, Hoor, Peter, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Lachnitt, Hans-Christoph, additional, Marsing, Andreas, additional, Röder, Lenard, additional, Schlager, Hans, additional, Tomsche, Laura, additional, Voigt, Christiane, additional, Zahn, Andreas, additional, and Borrmann, Stephan, additional

Published
2024
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4. Exploring ozone variability in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using dynamical coordinates.

Author

Millán, Luis F., Hoor, Peter, Hegglin, Michaela I., Manney, Gloria L., Boenisch, Harald, Jeffery, Paul, Kunkel, Daniel, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Ye, Hao, Leblanc, Thierry, and Walker, Kaley

Subjects
STRATOSPHERE, TROPOSPHERE, OZONE, ATMOSPHERIC circulation, DATA binning, OZONESONDES
Abstract

Ozone trends in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) remain highly uncertain because of sharp spatial gradients and high variability caused by competing transport, chemical, and mixing processes near the upper-tropospheric jets and extratropical tropopause as well as inhomogeneous spatially and temporally limited observations of the region. Subtropical jets and the tropopause act as transport barriers, delineating boundaries between atmospheric regimes controlled by different processes; they can thus be used to separate data taken in those different regimes for numerous purposes, including trend assessment. As part of the Observed Composition Trends And Variability in the UTLS (OCTAV-UTLS) Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) activity, we assess the effectiveness of several coordinate systems in segregating air into different atmospheric regimes. To achieve this, a comprehensive dynamical dataset is used to reference every measurement from various observing systems to the locations of jets and tropopauses in different coordinates (e.g., altitude, pressure, potential temperature, latitude, and equivalent latitude). We assess which coordinate combinations are most useful for dividing the measurements into bins such that the data in each bin are affected by the same processes, thus minimizing the variability induced when combining measurements from different dynamical regimes, each characterized by different physical processes. Such bins will be particularly suitable for combining measurements with different sampling characteristics and for assessing trends and attributing them to changing atmospheric dynamics. Overall, the use of equivalent latitude and potential temperature leads to the most substantial reduction in binned variability across the UTLS. This coordinate pairing uses potential vorticity (PV) on isentropic surfaces, thus aligning with the adiabatic transport of tracers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. The influence of extratropical cross-tropopause mixing on the correlation between ozone and sulfate aerosol in the lowermost stratosphere.

Author

Joppe, Philipp, Schneider, Johannes, Kaiser, Katharina, Fischer, Horst, Hoor, Peter, Kunkel, Daniel, Lachnitt, Hans-Christoph, Marsing, Andreas, Röder, Lenard, Schlager, Hans, Tomsche, Laura, Voigt, Christiane, Zahn, Andreas, and Borrmann, Stephan

Subjects
SULFATE aerosols, TROPOSPHERIC ozone, TRACE gases, STRATOSPHERE, TIME-of-flight mass spectrometers, COVID-19 pandemic, OZONE
Abstract

The chemical composition of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region (UTLS) is influenced by horizontal transport of air masses, vertical transport within convective systems and warm conveyor belts, rapid turbulent mixing, as well as photochemical production or loss of species. This results in the formation of the extratropical transition layer (ExTL), which is defined by the vertical structure of CO and has been studied until now mostly by means of trace gas correlations. Here, we extend the analysis to include aerosol particles and derive the sulfate–ozone correlation in central Europe from aircraft in situ measurements during the CAFE-EU (Chemistry of the Atmosphere Field Experiment over Europe)/BLUESKY mission. The mission probed the UTLS during the COVID-19 period with significantly reduced anthropogenic emissions. We operated a compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (C-ToF-AMS) to measure the chemical composition of non-refractory aerosol particles in the size range from about 40 to 800 nm. In our study, we find a correlation between the sulfate mass concentration and O 3 in the lower stratosphere. The correlation exhibits some variability exceeding the mean sulfate–ozone correlation over the measurement period. Especially during one flight, we observed enhanced mixing ratios of sulfate aerosol in the lowermost stratosphere, where the analysis of trace gases shows tropospheric influence. However, back trajectories indicate that no recent mixing with tropospheric air occurred within the last 10 d. Therefore, we analyzed volcanic eruption databases and satellite SO 2 retrievals from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) for possible volcanic plumes and eruptions to explain the high amounts of sulfur compounds in the UTLS. From these analyses and the combination of precursor and particle measurements, we conclude that gas-to-particle conversion of volcanic SO 2 leads to the observed enhanced sulfate aerosol mixing ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. The interhemispheric gradient of SF6 in the upper troposphere

Author

Schuck, Tanja J., primary, Degen, Johannes, additional, Hintsa, Eric, additional, Hoor, Peter, additional, Jesswein, Markus, additional, Keber, Timo, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Moore, Fred, additional, Obersteiner, Florian, additional, Rigby, Matt, additional, Wagenhäuser, Thomas, additional, Western, Luke M., additional, Zahn, Andreas, additional, and Engel, Andreas, additional

Published
2024
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7. Exploring ozone variability in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using dynamical coordinates.

Author

Millán, Luis F., Hoor, Peter, Hegglin, Michaela I., Manney, Gloria L., Boenisch, Harald, Jeffery, Paul, Kunkel, Daniel, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Ye, Hao, Leblanc, Thierry, and Walker, Kaley

Subjects
STRATOSPHERE, OZONE layer, TROPOSPHERE, OZONE, ATMOSPHERIC circulation, DATA binning
Abstract

Ozone trends in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) remain highly uncertain because of sharp spatial gradients and large variability caused by competing transport, chemical, and mixing processes near the upper tropospheric jets and extra-tropical tropopause, as well as inhomogeneous spatially and temporally limited observations of the region. Subtropical jets and the tropopause act as transport barriers, delineating boundaries between atmospheric regimes controlled by different processes; they can thus be used to separate data taken in those different regimes for numerous purposes, including trend assessment. As part of the Observed Composition Trends And Variability in the UTLS (OCTAV-UTLS) Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) activity, we assess the effectiveness of several coordinate systems in segregating air into different atmospheric regimes. To achieve this, a comprehensive dynamical dataset is used to reference every measurement from various observing systems to the locations of jets and tropopauses in different coordinates (e.g., altitude, pressure, potential temperature, latitude, and equivalent latitude). We assess which coordinate combinations are most useful for dividing the measurements into bins such that the data in each bin is affected by the same processes, thus minimizing the variability induced when combining measurements from different dynamical regimes, each characterized by different physical processes. Such bins will be particularly suitable for combining measurements with different sampling characteristics and for assessing trends and attributing them to changing atmospheric dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. High Risk of Anal and Rectal Cancer in Patients With Anal and/or Perianal Crohn’s Disease

Author

Colombel, Jean-Frédéric, Cosnes, Jacques, Gendre, Jean-Pierre, Lémann, Marc, Hébuterne, Xavier, Cortot, Antoine, Bouhnik, Yoram, Laharie, David, Dupas, Jean Louis, Flourié, Bernard, Lerebours, Eric, Beaugerie, Laurent, Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent, Allez, Matthieu, Messing, Bernard, Cadiot, Guillaume, Marteau, Philippe, Soulé, Jean-Claude, Gornet, Jean-Marc, Veyrac, Michel, Duclos, Bernard, Beau, Philippe, Bourreille, Arnaud, Baumer, Philippe, Carbonnel, Franck, Heresbach, Denis, Metman, Etienne-Henry, Florent, Christian, Blain, Antoine, Faucheron, Jean-Luc, Bonaz, Bruno, Roblin, Xavier, Potier, Pascal, Boehm, Christian, Kurtz, Thierry, Lamouliatte, Hervé, Nion-Larmurier, Isabelle, Delchier, Jean-Charles, Chaussade, Stanislas, Weiss, Anne Marie, Cézard, Jean Pierre, Siproudhis, Laurent, Nahon, Stéphane, Sondag, Daniel, Jian, Raymond, Souquet, Jean-Christophe, Bord, Pierre, Coffin, Benoit, D’almagne, Hélène, Delasalle, Patrick, Fournier, Régis, Cavicchi, Maryan, Souffran, Marc-Henry, Vandromme, Luc, Guedon, Claire, Seksik, Philippe, Michiels, Christophe, Renard, Pascal, Rogier, Patrice, Gouilloud, Sylvie, Rotenberg, André, Savoye, Guillaume, Thevenin, Alain, Mallet, Laurent, Brazier, Franck, Jean, Francois, Justum, Anne-Marie, Latrive, Jean-Paul, Gerbal, Jean-Luc, Pierrugues, Robert, Chardonnal, Gérard, Picon, Laurence, Reix, Nicole, D’aubigny, Nicolas Drouët, Uettwiller, Hervé, Mallet, Anne Courillon, Palacci, Alain, Bensaude, Raoul-Jacques, Bonniaud, Pierre, Empinet, Olivier, Nisard, Andrée, Rudelli, Alain, Tubiana, Bernard, Capelle, Philippe, Dabadie, Alain, Evard, Daniel, Julien, Pierre-Emile, Picon-Coste, Magali, Schneider, Stéphane, Goldfain, Denis, Bellanger, Jérôme, Blondelot, Jean-Pierre, Lamy, Philippe, Lemière, Sébastien, Mockly, Jean Francois, Pellat, Benoit, Gatineau-Sailliant, Gilles, Nalet, Bernard, Nancey, Stéphane, Kusielewicz, Daniel, Loison, Patrick, Popot, Jean-Michel, Merite, François, Roux, Jean-Pol, Afchain, Pauline, Blanquart, Alain, Heyries, Laurent, Reville, Marc, Viron, Dominique, Zerbib, Frank, Claviere, Christophe, Léostic, Didier, Pouderoux, Philippe, Moitry, Alain, Hagège, Hervé, Hugot, Jean-Pierre, Humeau, Benoit, Sabate, Jean-Marc, Lederman, Emmanuel, Lescut, Dominique, Luneau, Fabrice, Mesnard, Bruno, Smadja, Lionel, Steinberg, Michel, Brun, Marc, Macaigne, Gilles, Marchal, Jean Luc, Ollivier, Stéphane, Ouvry, Dominique, Perche, Jean Paul, Rambaud, Serge, Benamouzig, Robert, Cazenave, Jean Louis, Coffin, Jean-Charles, Blazquez, Martine, Lagneau, Marion, Person, Bruno, Wittersheim, Christian, Napoleon, Bertrand, Cemachovic, Israël, Iglicki, Franck, Howaizi, Mehran, Leprince, Eric, Leurent, Bruno, Morin, Thierry, Darsouni, Riad, Attar, Alain, Baron, Philippe, Breton, Anne, Gillion, Jean Marie, Guemene, Jean-Marc, Jouffre, Claude, Moreau, Xavier, Claude, Pierre, Quinton, André, Abitbol, Vered, Brichard, Jean Michel, Desaint, Benoit, Bouygues, Martin, Chatrenet, Philippe, Salmeron, Marcelo, Silvie, Jean, Waldner, Bruno, Emery, Yves, Moraillon, Armand, Kunkel, Daniel, Dubois, Philippe, Faure, Patrick, L'Hirondel, Christian, Labérenne, Jean-Eric, Moreau, Pierre, Pereira, Adelino, Plihon, Genevieve, Wolff, Thierry, Ngo, Yann, Boruchowicz, Arnaud, Jost, Béatrice, Gotlib, Jean Pierre, Danne, Odile, Raoux, Philippe, Ramond-Bouhali, Marie-José, Baetz, Andre, Veyres, Bruno, Chapoutot, Christian, Le Dréau, Gérard, Filippi, Jérôme, Mudry, Jean, Kalt, Philippe, Minault, Sophie, Bounin, Pierre-André, Andréani, Tony, Charneau, Jacky, Reijasse, Didier, Bolze, Jean-Louis, Thaunat, Jean Luc, Le Couteulx, Christian, Maurage, Chantal, Bader, Robert, Codjovi, Philippe, Migairou, Jean-Luc, Morali, Alain, Rey, Philippe, Molard, Bruno Richard, Petit, Richard, Koch, Stéphane, Cassan, Philippe, Deschamps, Jean-Paul, Caby, Christine Meicler, Meurisse, Jean-Jacques, Prades, Philippe, Boulant, James, Diacono, Michel, Monsch, Jean-Marie, Dupuy, J-François, Bellaiche, Guy, Guegan, Martine, Comte, Jean-Marc, Cayla, Jean-Michel, Le Tallec, Francois, Meurisse, Franck, Desurmont, Philippe, Roget, Laurent, Bouyssou, Philippe, Le Gall, Bruno, Bloch, Francis, Larvol, Loic, Jullien, Monique, Moreau, Jacques, Rebouissoux, Laurent, Decroix, Bruno, Dib, Nina, Dieterling, Paul, Lenormand, Frédéric, Lagier, Emmanuel, Fallourd, Philippe, Charpin, Serge, Bertrand, Hugues, Bommelaer, Gilles, Battistelli, Daniel, Delon, Bernard, Dentant, Lionel, Dorval, Etienne, Dumortier, Jérôme, Gaye-Bareyt, Eric, Gerosa, Yves, Guez, Chantal, Mornet, Martine, Benfredj, Paul, Piperaud, René, Stremsdoerfer, Noel, Verdier, Eric, Grinholtz, Alain, Barjonet, Georges, See, Antoine, Arotçarena, Ramuntxo, Baudet, Anne, Broyer, Joel, Charachon, Antoine, Blondon, Hugues, Mouton, Pascal, Claudez, Hubert, Labat-Labourdette, Jacques, Haëm, Jacques, Estable, Patrick, Levy, Patrick, Rosenbaum, Alain, Balavoine, Yvon, Blanchi, Alain, Coutarel, Pierre, Delaperriere, Nadege, Dervichian, Michel, Marois, Francis, Seroka, Jacques, Michaud, Laurent, Leroy, Olivier, Meyran, Emmanuel, Poilroux, Bernard, Tensaouti, Abdallah, Paupard, Thierry, Agard, Dominique, Beaulieu, Sandrine, Benfiguig, Kader, Capony, Patrice, Cottereau, Jean, Desreumaux, Pierre, Dramard, Jean-Michel, Duché, Mathieu, Mamou, Patrick, Etienney, Isabelle, D'Abrigeon, Gilles, Godeberge, Béatrice, Tucat, Gilbert, Puech, Jean, Roger, Jean, Lapalus, Marie-George, Bauret, Paul, Houcke, Philippe, Pornin, Béatrice, Champigneulle, Bruno, Cuissard, Laurent, David, Xavier-Richard, Lombard, Frédéric, Granveau, Antoine, Hamon, Jean-François, Ink, Olivier, Blondel, Fabienne, Namias, Alain, Pillon, Didier, Reignier, Antoine, Tordjman, Gilles, Christidis, Christos, Zirabe, Simon, Audebert, Michel, Bion, Eric, Bourgeaux, Claude, Poupardin, Cécile, Deplaix, Philippe, Fratini, Gérard, Garnier, Thierry, Desseaux, Gerard, Magois, Hervé, Lochum, Sylvain, Vergier, Jean-Francois, Texereau, Patrick, Rat, Christel, Uzzan, Francoise, Vidal, Alain, Vinante, Nadia, Watrin, Bernard, Wurtz-Huckert, Cécile, Barre, Bruno, Ferbus, Dominique Chaslin, Contou, Jean-François, Coupier, Dominique, David, Benoit, Gargot, Dany, Huc, Denis, Barraya, Remy, Faroux, Roger, Fourgeaud, Jean-Luc, Grimprel, Hubert, Auroux, Jean, Rey, Jean-François, Arnoux, Jean Pierre, Lentini, Franck, Tardy, Ludovic, Mouterde, Olivier, Spyckerelle, Claire, Vacherot, Bruno, Weissman, Alain, Alpérine, Michel, Le Sidaner, Anne, Bonnet-Eymard, Pierre-Olivier, Colson, Jean Louis, Pellet, Daniel, Deltombe, Bernard, Edouard, André, Maechel, Henri, Jaillet, Jean-Claude, Genes, Julien, Leveque, Anne-Marie, Lucidarme, Damien, Maignan, Philippe, Gehrke, Nathalie Mallier, Sanchez, Jérôme, Tusseau, Frank, Casteur, Alban, Bottlaender, Jacques, Constantini, Denis, Coton, Thierry, Even, Philippe, Druart, Francois, Riot, François, Gauchet, Jean-Michel, Hecquet, Geneviève, Henry, Gerard, Hochain, Patrick, Arpurt, Jean Pierre, Medini, Abdelkrim, Dartois-Hoguin, Michele, Moindrot, Henri, Emery, Philippe, Periac, Pierre, Prunier, Annie, Renkes, Pascal, Tawil-Longreen, Christine, Vincent, Edmond, Vitte, René-Louis, Loeb, Christian, Carwana, Alain, Barbereau, Didier, Bohon, Philippe, Corrieri-Baizeau, Céline, Sahy, Daniel, Derreveaux, Philippe, David, Dominique, Desbazeille, François, Fontenelle, Patrick, Slama, Jean Luc, Le Mercier, Yvon, Certin, Michel, Reig, Jean Jacques, Rosa, Isabelle, Helbert, Thierry, Tounian, Patrick, Turner, Luc, Perot, Valéry, Aillet, Luc, Pauwels, Arnaud, Barré, Philippe, Nury, Bernard, Cazalbou, Claude, Devulder, Franck, Durget, Alain, Dubroca, Jeanne, Gaudy, Daniele, Greff, Michel, Jacques, Christian, Lafarge, Jocelyne, Kezachian, Gilles, Le Gall, Ronan, Pariente, Alex, Pinault, Tiphaine, Bismuth, Michaël, Boyer-Darrigrand, Nathalie, Bretagnolle, Philippe, Carpentier, Stephane, Cholet, Franck, Theodore, Christian, Combes, Rémi, Combet, Francois, Delanoe, Christophe, De Montigny, Stéphanie, Soudan, Denis, Fourdan, Olivier, Minier, Gilles, Languepin, Jeanne, Roche, Jean, Ginies, Jean-Louis, Nouel, Olivier, Petitgars, Philippe, Robin, Edith, Hamm, Romain, Roques, Jean François, Roussin-Bretagne, Sylvie, Sénéjoux, Agnès, Muron, Sophie, Bardoux, Nicolas, Berthelemy, Philippe, Madonia, Patrick, Carles, Bertrand, Reynier, Catherine, Cuillerier, Emmanuel, Dadamessi, Innocenti, Danis, Jacques, Debenes, Bernard, Dubuc-Rey, Nathalie, Lesur, Gilles, Jouet, Pauline, Lenaerts, Catherine, Garret, Marc, Mineur, Alexandra, Chabry, Bernard, Pigot, Francois, Rossi, Valérie, Tennenbaum, Ruth, Salloum, Julien, Slaoui, Maurice Hakim, Mathieu, Stéphane, Papapietro, Valérie, Viola, Sheila, Bezet, Alexis, Altman, Claude, Audan, Alain, Calabet, Jean, Masliah, Claude, Fayemendy, Laurent, Duruy, Marc, Gauffeny, Benoit, Helie, Ludovic, Imani, Kamran, Janin-Manificat, Raoul, Galmiche, Jean-Paul, Kerlirzin, Anne, Bedenne, Laurent, Locher, Christophe, Michaudel, Gilles, Missonnier, Gilles, Rinaldi-Dovio, Michel, Rouillon, Jean-Michel, Ecuer, Stéphane, Patenotte, Arnaud, Bronstein, Jean Ariel, Baty, Vincent, Bougnol, Michel, Bourbon, Pierre, Cerbelaud, Philippe, Chavaillon, Annick, Boiffin, Franck, Dubern, Béatrice, De Laguierce, Isabelle Duval, Greco, Fernand, Bouhot, Florence, Godeberge, Philippe, Grandmaison, Brigitte, Gros, Pascal, Targues, Guy, Corallo, Jacques, Boutin, Jean, Guillan, Jacques, Barbieux, Jean Pierre, Lariviere, Isabelle Loury, Le Genissel, Henri, Leroi, Henri, Bellaiche, Marc, Elie-Legrand, Marie-Claire, Dapoigny, Michel, Denoyel, Philippe, Pienkowski, Patrice, Pouche, Philippe, Saurfelt, Marc Michel, Thorel, Jean Marie, Piche, Thierry, Travers, Bruno, Tuvignon, Patrick, Zalcberg, Marc, Boulay, Guy, Zamora, Christophe, Samama, Joelle, Ricotie, Etienne, De Fleury, Patrice, Maille, Francois, Mougenel, Jean Louis, Gonot, Olivier, Menat, Jean Philippe, Kaassis, Mehdi, Lang, Francoise, Abramowitz, Laurent, Ganne, Nathalie, Pecriaux, Olivier, Seyrig, Jacques-Arnaud, Sobhani, Iradj, Parmentier, Thierry, Van Nieuwenhuyse, Antoine, Weber, Francois-Xavier, Glibert, André, Bineau, Catherine, Canet, Bernard, Collin, Catherine, Cordet, Frederic, Parlier, David David, Carre, Dominique, Peytier, Annie, Fein, Francine, Barouk, Jerome, Dewannieux, Jacques, Hartwig, Johannes, Jouve, Jean-Louis, Laplane, Bertrand, Lascar, Gilles, Legrand, Christophe, Le Marchand, Pierre, Liebaert, Marie Pierre, Terdiman-Pire, Michele, Abdelli, Naceur, Neveu, Dominique, De La Lande, Philippe, De Saint Louvent, Patrick, Pelatan, Cécile, Petit, Agnès, Richecoeur, Martial, Texier, Frederic, Cazals, Jean Brice, Tissot, Bertrand, Mourrut, Christian, Doubremelle, Marie, Foltz, Marc, Gautier-Jubé, Florence, Martin, Jacques, Khouri, Elie, Lons, Thierry, Carlier-Bandu, Martine, Monnin, Jean-Luc, Roche, Hervé, Willemin, Bernard, Houard, Xavier, Fatisse, Abdelaziz, Algard, Michèle, Arab, Kamel, Borel, Isabelle, Lagarrigue, Cécile, Chryssostalis, Ariane, Boutroux, Dominique, Dupuychaffray, Jean-Pierre, Khaddari, Saïd, Mion, François, Puy-Montbrun, Thierry, Girardet, Jean-Philippe, Gury, Bruno, Landau, Alain, Le Bihan, Monique, Nieuviarts, Sandrine, Ollivry, Jean, Le Bourgeois, Philippe, Piquet, Marie-Astrid, Escartin, Michel -Pierre, Systchenko, Remi, Venezia, Franck, Wantiez, Michel, Lesage, Xavier, Zrihen, Elie, Aygalenq, Philippe, Dieumegard, Barbara, Savarieau, Bernard, Bulois, Philippe, Cattan, Stéphane, Diez, Jean-Lucien, Fauchot, Olivier, Durous, Eric, Gazut, Valérie, Guilleminet, Christian, Bories, Jean-Marc, Le Floch, Isabelle Joly, Vove, Jean-Paul, Lelouch, Stéphane, Lévy, Philippe, Lhopital, François, Marcato, Norma, Mozer-Bernardeau, Marianne, Nousbaum, Jean-Baptiste, Cattan, Philippe, Plane, Alain, Raymond, Jean-Michel, Roseau, Gilles, Rozental, Gerald, Boustière, Christian, Bonny, Corinne, Cordier-Collet, Mariepierre, Courat, Laurent, Croguennec, Bernard, Tardy, Karine Delaunay, Labarriere, Damien, Geagea, Edmond, Gottrand, Frédéric, Gelsi, Eve, Thiefin, Gerard, Wohlschies, Eric, Miguet, Mathieu, Ponsot, Philippe, Suzanne, Jean, Teste, Yves, Dupont Gossart, Anne-Claire, Baroni, Jean-Luc, Benchaa, Benabdallah, Blanc, Georges, Maroy, Bernard, Bonjean, Philippe, Brézault, Catherine, Bridoux-Henno, Laure, Chayette, Claude, Auby, Dominique, Fiorucci, Robert, Galindo, Georges, Hubert, Gilles, Bonneau, Gilles, Marinier, Evelyne, Pouteau, Michele, Alamdari, Afchine, Delbende, Bruno, Chamouard, Patrick, D'Abravanel, Pascale, Dall'Osto, Hélène, Hervé, Sophie, Lefebvre, Jean, Levoir, Damien, Lillo, Philippe, Rouch, Michel, Mathonnet, Muriel, De Lustrac, Mercédes, Ramond, François-Jean, Roupret, Bernard, Soupison, Alain, Carrat, Fabrice, Zeitoun, Jean-David, Sabaté, Jean-Marc, Fléjou, Jean-François, Kirchgesner, Julien, and Svrcek, Magali

Published
2018
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14. The interhemispheric gradient of SF6 in the upper troposphere.

Author

Schuck, Tanja J., Degen, Johannes, Hintsa, Eric, Hoor, Peter, Jesswein, Markus, Keber, Timo, Kunkel, Daniel, Moore, Fred, Obersteiner, Florian, Rigby, Matt, Wagenhäuser, Thomas, Western, Luke M., Zahn, Andreas, and Engel, Andreas

Subjects
TROPOSPHERE, SULFUR hexafluoride, TIME series analysis, GAS chromatography, TRACE gases, LATITUDE
Abstract

Anthropogenic trace gases often exhibit interhemispheric gradients because of larger emissions in the northern hemisphere. Depending on a tracer's emission pattern and sink processes, trace gas observations can thus be used to investigate interhemispheric transport in the atmosphere. Vice versa, understanding interhemispheric transport is important for interpreting spatial tracer distributions and for inferring emissions. We combine several datasets from the upper troposphere (UT) to investigate the interhemispheric gradient of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) covering latitudes from ~80° N to~60° S: canister sampling based measurements from the IAGOS-CARIBIC infrastructure and data from the in-flight gas chromatography instruments GhOST and UCATS. The interhemispheric gradient of SF6 in the UT is found to be weaker than near the surface. Using the concept of a lag time removes the increasing trend from the time series. At the most southern latitudes, a lag time of over 1 year with respect to the northern mid-latitude surface is derived, and lag times decrease over the period 2006–2020 in the tropics and in the southern hemisphere. Observations are compared to results from the two-dimensional AGAGE 12-box model. Based on EDGAR 7 emissions, fair agreement of lag times is obtained for the northern hemisphere, but southern hemispheric air appears too 'old'. This is consistent with earlier findings that transport from the northern extra-tropics into the tropics is too slow in many models. The influence of the emission scenario and the model transport scheme are evaluated in sensitivity runs. It is found that EDGAR 7 underestimates emissions of SF6 globally and in the southern hemisphere, whereas northern extra-tropical emissions seem overestimated. Faster southward transport from the northern extra-tropics would be needed in the model, but transport from the southern tropics into the southern extra-tropics appears too fast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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15. Gravity-wave-induced cross-isentropic mixing: a DEEPWAVE case study

Author

Lachnitt, Hans-Christoph, primary, Hoor, Peter, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Bramberger, Martina, additional, Dörnbrack, Andreas, additional, Müller, Stefan, additional, Reutter, Philipp, additional, Giez, Andreas, additional, Kaluza, Thorsten, additional, and Rapp, Markus, additional

Published
2023
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16. Multi-parameter dynamical diagnostics for upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric studies

Author

Millán, Luis F., Manney, Gloria L., Boenisch, Harald, Hegglin, Michaela I., Hoor, Peter, Kunkel, Daniel, Leblanc, Thierry, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Walker, Kaley, Wargan, Krzysztof, and Zahn, Andreas

Subjects
Earth sciences, ddc:550
Abstract

Ozone trend estimates have shown large uncertainties in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) region despite multi-decadal observations available from ground-based, balloon, aircraft, and satellite platforms. These uncertainties arise from large natural variability driven by dynamics (reflected in tropopause and jet variations) as well as the strength in constituent transport and mixing. Additionally, despite all the community efforts there is still a lack of representative high-quality global UTLS measurements to capture this variability. The Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Observed Composition Trends and Variability in the UTLS (OCTAV-UTLS) activity aims to reduce uncertainties in UTLS composition trend estimates by accounting for this dynamically induced variability. In this paper, we describe the production of dynamical diagnostics using meteorological information from reanalysis fields that facilitate mapping observations from several platforms into numerous geophysically based coordinates (including tropopause and upper tropospheric jet relative coordinates). Suitable coordinates should increase the homogeneity of the air masses analyzed together, thus reducing the uncertainty caused by spatiotemporal sampling biases in the quantification of UTLS composition trends. This approach thus provides a framework for comparing measurements with diverse sampling patterns and leverages the meteorological context to derive maximum information on UTLS composition and trends and its relationships to dynamical variability. The dynamical diagnostics presented here are the first comprehensive set describing the meteorological context for multi-decadal observations by ozonesondes, lidar, aircraft, and satellite measurements in order to study the impact of dynamical processes on observed UTLS trends by different sensors on different platforms. Examples using these diagnostics to map multi-platform datasets into different geophysically based coordinate systems are provided. The diagnostics presented can also be applied to analysis of greenhouse gases other than ozone that are relevant to surface climate and UTLS chemistry.

Published
2023

17. List of Contributors

Author

Andreason, Sharon A., primary, Battaglia, Donatella, additional, Braverman, Michael, additional, Brust, Gerald E., additional, Dorschner, Keith, additional, Fanti, Paolo, additional, Fialho, Amanda, additional, Fonsah, Greg, additional, Garcia-del-Pino, Fernando, additional, Gotoh, Tetsuo, additional, Johnson, Marshall W., additional, Kennedy, George, additional, Kuhar, Thomas P., additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Kurabchew, Henok, additional, Lahiri, Sriyanka, additional, Leite, Germano Leão Demolin, additional, Leppla, Norman C., additional, Liu, T.X., additional, Merritt, Joyce L., additional, Morton, Ana, additional, Olson, Steve, additional, Orr, David, additional, Perring, Thomas M., additional, Philips, Christopher R., additional, Prager, Sean M., additional, Qayyum, Mirza A., additional, Rajam, Manchikatla V., additional, Ramasamy, Srinivasan, additional, Ravishankar, Manickam, additional, Riley, David, additional, Scott, John, additional, Shapiro-Ilan, David, additional, Simmons, Alvin M., additional, Smith, Hugh A., additional, Sparks Jr., Alton, additional, Srinivasan, Rajagopalbab, additional, Stansly, Philip A., additional, Stout, Michael J., additional, Toma, Irene, additional, Trumble, John T., additional, Wakil, Waqas, additional, Walgenbach, James F., additional, Walling, Linda L., additional, Yogindran, Sneha, additional, and Zalom, Frank G., additional

Published
2017
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18. Multi-parameter dynamical diagnostics for upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric studies.

Author

Millán, Luis F., Manney, Gloria L., Boenisch, Harald, Hegglin, Michaela I., Hoor, Peter, Kunkel, Daniel, Leblanc, Thierry, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Walker, Kaley, Wargan, Krzysztof, and Zahn, Andreas

Subjects
GREENHOUSE gas analysis, OZONE layer, AIR masses, OZONESONDES, TROPOPAUSE, COMMUNITIES
Abstract

Ozone trend estimates have shown large uncertainties in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) region despite multi-decadal observations available from ground-based, balloon, aircraft, and satellite platforms. These uncertainties arise from large natural variability driven by dynamics (reflected in tropopause and jet variations) as well as the strength in constituent transport and mixing. Additionally, despite all the community efforts there is still a lack of representative high-quality global UTLS measurements to capture this variability. The Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Observed Composition Trends and Variability in the UTLS (OCTAV-UTLS) activity aims to reduce uncertainties in UTLS composition trend estimates by accounting for this dynamically induced variability. In this paper, we describe the production of dynamical diagnostics using meteorological information from reanalysis fields that facilitate mapping observations from several platforms into numerous geophysically based coordinates (including tropopause and upper tropospheric jet relative coordinates). Suitable coordinates should increase the homogeneity of the air masses analyzed together, thus reducing the uncertainty caused by spatiotemporal sampling biases in the quantification of UTLS composition trends. This approach thus provides a framework for comparing measurements with diverse sampling patterns and leverages the meteorological context to derive maximum information on UTLS composition and trends and its relationships to dynamical variability. The dynamical diagnostics presented here are the first comprehensive set describing the meteorological context for multi-decadal observations by ozonesondes, lidar, aircraft, and satellite measurements in order to study the impact of dynamical processes on observed UTLS trends by different sensors on different platforms. Examples using these diagnostics to map multi-platform datasets into different geophysically based coordinate systems are provided. The diagnostics presented can also be applied to analysis of greenhouse gases other than ozone that are relevant to surface climate and UTLS chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. Gravity wave induced cross-isentropic mixing: A DEEPWAVE case study

Author

Lachnitt, Hans-Christoph, primary, Hoor, Peter, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Bramberger, Martina, additional, Dörnbrack, Andreas, additional, Müller, Stefan, additional, Reutter, Philipp, additional, Giez, Andreas, additional, Kaluza, Thorsten, additional, and Rapp, Markus, additional

Published
2022
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20. The effects of aminosalicylates or thiopurines on the risk of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease

Author

Carrat, F., Seksik, P., Colombel, J.F., PeyrinBiroulet, L., Beaugerie, L., Colombel, JeanFrédéric, Cosnes, Jacques, Gendre, JeanPierre, Lémann, Marc, Hébuterne, Xavier, Cortot, Antoine, Bouhnik, Yoram, Laharie, David, Dupas, Jean Louis, Flourié, Bernard, Lerebours, Eric, Beaugerie, Laurent, PeyrinBiroulet, Laurent, Allez, Matthieu, Messing, Bernard, Cadiot, Guillaume, Marteau, Philippe, Soulé, JeanClaude, Gornet, JeanMarc, Veyrac, Michel, Duclos, Bernard, Beau, Philippe, Bourreille, Arnaud, Baumer, Philippe, Carbonnel, Franck, Heresbach, Denis, Metman, EtienneHenry, Florent, Christian, Blain, Antoine, Faucheron, JeanLuc, Bonaz, Bruno, Roblin, Xavier, Potier, Pascal, Boehm, Christian, Kurtz, Thierry, Lamouliatte, Hervé, NionLarmurier, Isabelle, Delchier, JeanCharles, Chaussade, Stanislas, Weiss, Anne Marie, Cézard, Jean Pierre, Siproudhis, Laurent, Nahon, Stéphane, Sondag, Daniel, Jian, Raymond, Souquet, JeanChristophe, Bord, Pierre, Coffin, Benoit, Dʼalmagne, Hélène, Delasalle, Patrick, Fournier, Régis, Cavicchi, Maryan, Souffran, MarcHenry, Vandromme, Luc, Guedon, Claire, Seksik, Philippe, Michiels, Christophe, Renard, Pascal, Rogier, Patrice, Gouilloud, Sylvie, Rotenberg, André, Savoye, Guillaume, Thevenin, Alain, Mallet, Laurent, Brazier, Franck, Jean, Francois, Justum, AnneMarie, Latrive, JeanPaul, Gerbal, JeanLuc, Pierrugues, Robert, Chardonnal, Gérard, Picon, Laurence, Reix, Nicole, Dʼaubigny, Nicolas Drouët, Uettwiller, Hervé, Mallet, Anne Courillon, Palacci, Alain, Bensaude, RaoulJacques, Bonniaud, Pierre, Empinet, Olivier, Nisard, Andrée, Rudelli, Alain, Tubiana, Bernard, Capelle, Philippe, Dabadie, Alain, Evard, Daniel, Julien, PierreEmile, PiconCoste, Magali, Schneider, Stéphane, Goldfain, Denis, Bellanger, Jérôme, Blondelot, JeanPierre, Lamy, Philippe, Lemière, Sébastien, Mockly, Jean Francois, Pellat, Benoit, GatineauSailliant, Gilles, Nalet, Bernard, Nancey, Stéphane, Kusielewicz, Daniel, Loison, Patrick, Popot, JeanMichel, Merite, François, Roux, JeanPol, Afchain, Pauline, Blanquart, Alain, Heyries, Laurent, Reville, Marc, Viron, Dominique, Zerbib, Frank, Claviere, Christophe, Léostic, Didier, Pouderoux, Philippe, Moitry, Alain, Hagège, Hervé, Hugot, JeanPierre, Humeau, Benoit, Sabate, JeanMarc, Lederman, Emmanuel, Lescut, Dominique, Luneau, Fabrice, Mesnard, Bruno, Smadja, Lionel, Steinberg, Michel, Brun, Marc, Macaigne, Gilles, Marchal, Jean Luc, Ollivier, Stéphane, Ouvry, Dominique, Perche, Jean Paul, Rambaud, Serge, Benamouzig, Robert, Cazenave, Jean Louis, Coffin, JeanCharles, Blazquez, Martine, Lagneau, Marion, Person, Bruno, Wittersheim, Christian, Napoleon, Bertrand, Cemachovic, Israël, Iglicki, Franck, Howaizi, Mehran, Leprince, Eric, Leurent, Bruno, Morin, Thierry, Darsouni, Riad, Attar, Alain, Baron, Philippe, Breton, Anne, Gillion, Jean Marie, Guemene, JeanMarc, Jouffre, Claude, Moreau, Xavier, Claude, Pierre, Quinton, André, Abitbol, Vered, Brichard, Jean Michel, Desaint, Benoit, Bouygues, Martin, Chatrenet, Philippe, Salmeron, Marcelo, Silvie, Jean, Waldner, Bruno, Emery, Yves, Moraillon, Armand, Kunkel, Daniel, Dubois, Philippe, Faure, Patrick, LʼHirondel, Christian, Labérenne, JeanEric, Moreau, Pierre, Pereira, Adelino, Plihon, Genevieve, Wolff, Thierry, Ngo, Yann, Boruchowicz, Arnaud, Jost, Béatrice, Gotlib, Jean Pierre, Danne, Odile, Raoux, Philippe, RamondBouhali, MarieJosé, Baetz, Andre, Veyres, Bruno, Chapoutot, Christian, Le Dréau, Gérard, Filippi, Jérôme, Mudry, Jean, Kalt, Philippe, Minault, Sophie, Bounin, PierreAndré, Andréani, Tony, Charneau, Jacky, Reijasse, Didier, Bolze, JeanLouis, Thaunat, Jean Luc, Le Couteulx, Christian, Maurage, Chantal, Bader, Robert, Codjovi, Philippe, Migairou, JeanLuc, Morali, Alain, Rey, Philippe, Molard, Bruno Richard, Petit, Richard, Koch, Stéphane, Cassan, Philippe, Deschamps, JeanPaul, Caby, Christine Meicler, Meurisse, JeanJacques, Prades, Philippe, Boulant, James, Diacono, Michel, Monsch, JeanMarie, Dupuy, JFrançois, Bellaiche, Guy, Guegan, Martine, Comte, JeanMarc, Cayla, JeanMichel, Le Tallec, Francois, Meurisse, Franck, Desurmont, Philippe, Roget, Laurent, Bouyssou, Philippe, Le Gall, Bruno, Bloch, Francis, Larvol, Loic, Jullien, Monique, Moreau, Jacques, Rebouissoux, Laurent, Decroix, Bruno, Dib, Nina, Dieterling, Paul, Lenormand, Frédéric, Lagier, Emmanuel, Fallourd, Philippe, Charpin, Serge, Bertrand, Hugues, Bommelaer, Gilles, Battistelli, Daniel, Delon, Bernard, Dentant, Lionel, Dorval, Etienne, Dumortier, Jérôme, GayeBareyt, Eric, Gerosa, Yves, Guez, Chantal, Mornet, Martine, Benfredj, Paul, Piperaud, René, Stremsdoerfer, Noel, Verdier, Eric, Grinholtz, Alain, Barjonet, Georges, See, Antoine, Arotçarena, Ramuntxo, Baudet, Anne, Broyer, Joel, Charachon, Antoine, Blondon, Hugues, Mouton, Pascal, Claudez, Hubert, LabatLabourdette, Jacques, Haëm, Jacques, Estable, Patrick, Levy, Patrick, Rosenbaum, Alain, Balavoine, Yvon, Blanchi, Alain, Coutarel, Pierre, Delaperriere, Nadege, Dervichian, Michel, Marois, Francis, Seroka, Jacques, Michaud, Laurent, Leroy, Olivier, Meyran, Emmanuel, Poilroux, Bernard, Tensaouti, Abdallah, Paupard, Thierry, Agard, Dominique, Beaulieu, Sandrine, Benfiguig, Kader, Capony, Patrice, Cottereau, Jean, Desreumaux, Pierre, Dramard, JeanMichel, Duché, Mathieu, Mamou, Patrick, Etienney, Isabelle, DʼAbrigeon, Gilles, Godeberge, Béatrice, Tucat, Gilbert, Puech, Jean, Roger, Jean, Lapalus, MarieGeorge, Bauret, Paul, Houcke, Philippe, Pornin, Béatrice, Champigneulle, Bruno, Cuissard, Laurent, David, XavierRichard, Lombard, Frédéric, Granveau, Antoine, Hamon, JeanFrançois, Ink, Olivier, Blondel, Fabienne, Namias, Alain, Pillon, Didier, Reignier, Antoine, Tordjman, Gilles, Christidis, Christos, Zirabe, Simon, Audebert, Michel, Bion, Eric, Bourgeaux, Claude, Poupardin, Cécile, Deplaix, Philippe, Fratini, Gérard, Garnier, Thierry, Desseaux, Gerard, Magois, Hervé, Lochum, Sylvain, Vergier, JeanFrancois, Texereau, Patrick, Rat, Christel, Uzzan, Francoise, Vidal, Alain, Vinante, Nadia, Watrin, Bernard, WurtzHuckert, Cécile, Barre, Bruno, Ferbus, Dominique Chaslin, Contou, JeanFrançois, Coupier, Dominique, David, Benoit, Gargot, Dany, Huc, Denis, Barraya, Remy, Faroux, Roger, Fourgeaud, JeanLuc, Grimprel, Hubert, Auroux, Jean, Rey, JeanFrançois, Arnoux, Jean Pierre, Lentini, Franck, Tardy, Ludovic, Mouterde, Olivier, Spyckerelle, Claire, Vacherot, Bruno, Weissman, Alain, Alpérine, Michel, Le Sidaner, Anne, BonnetEymard, PierreOlivier, Colson, Jean Louis, Pellet, Daniel, Deltombe, Bernard, Edouard, André, Maechel, Henri, Jaillet, JeanClaude, Genes, Julien, Leveque, AnneMarie, Lucidarme, Damien, Maignan, Philippe, Gehrke, Nathalie Mallier, Sanchez, Jérôme, Tusseau, Frank, Casteur, Alban, Bottlaender, Jacques, Constantini, Denis, Coton, Thierry, Even, Philippe, Druart, Francois, Riot, François, Gauchet, JeanMichel, Hecquet, Geneviève, Henry, Gerard, Hochain, Patrick, Arpurt, Jean Pierre, Medini, Abdelkrim, DartoisHoguin, Michele, Moindrot, Henri, Emery, Philippe, Periac, Pierre, Prunier, Annie, Renkes, Pascal, TawilLongreen, Christine, Vincent, Edmond, Vitte, RenéLouis, Loeb, Christian, Carwana, Alain, Barbereau, Didier, Bohon, Philippe, CorrieriBaizeau, Céline, Sahy, Daniel, Derreveaux, Philippe, David, Dominique, Desbazeille, François, Fontenelle, Patrick, Slama, Jean Luc, Le Mercier, Yvon, Certin, Michel, Reig, Jean Jacques, Rosa, Isabelle, Helbert, Thierry, Tounian, Patrick, Turner, Luc, Perot, Valéry, Aillet, Luc, Pauwels, Arnaud, Barré, Philippe, Nury, Bernard, Cazalbou, Claude, Devulder, Franck, Durget, Alain, Dubroca, Jeanne, Gaudy, Daniele, Greff, Michel, Jacques, Christian, Lafarge, Jocelyne, Kezachian, Gilles, Le Gall, Ronan, Pariente, Alex, Pinault, Tiphaine, Bismuth, Michaël, BoyerDarrigrand, Nathalie, Bretagnolle, Philippe, Carpentier, Stephane, Cholet, Franck, Theodore, Christian, Combes, Rémi, Combet, Francois, Delanoe, Christophe, De Montigny, Stéphanie, Soudan, Denis, Fourdan, Olivier, Minier, Gilles, Languepin, Jeanne, Roche, Jean, Ginies, JeanLouis, Nouel, Olivier, Petitgars, Philippe, Robin, Edith, Hamm, Romain, Roques, Jean François, RoussinBretagne, Sylvie, Sénéjoux, Agnès, Muron, Sophie, Bardoux, Nicolas, Berthelemy, Philippe, Madonia, Patrick, Carles, Bertrand, Reynier, Catherine, Cuillerier, Emmanuel, Dadamessi, Innocenti, Danis, Jacques, Debenes, Bernard, DubucRey, Nathalie, Lesur, Gilles, Jouet, Pauline, Lenaerts, Catherine, Garret, Marc, Mineur, Alexandra, Chabry, Bernard, Pigot, Francois, Rossi, Valérie, Tennenbaum, Ruth, Salloum, Julien, Slaoui, Maurice Hakim, Mathieu, Stéphane, Papapietro, Valérie, Viola, Sheila, Bezet, Alexis, Altman, Claude, Audan, Alain, Calabet, Jean, Masliah, Claude, Fayemendy, Laurent, Duruy, Marc, Gauffeny, Benoit, Helie, Ludovic, Imani, Kamran, JaninManificat, Raoul, Galmiche, JeanPaul, Kerlirzin, Anne, Bedenne, Laurent, Locher, Christophe, Michaudel, Gilles, Missonnier, Gilles, RinaldiDovio, Michel, Rouillon, JeanMichel, Ecuer, Stéphane, Patenotte, Arnaud, Bronstein, Jean Ariel, Baty, Vincent, Bougnol, Michel, Bourbon, Pierre, Cerbelaud, Philippe, Chavaillon, Annick, Boiffin, Franck, Dubern, Béatrice, De Laguierce, Isabelle Duval, Greco, Fernand, Bouhot, Florence, Godeberge, Philippe, Grandmaison, Brigitte, Gros, Pascal, Targues, Guy, Corallo, Jacques, Boutin, Jean, Guillan, Jacques, Barbieux, Jean Pierre, Lariviere, Isabelle Loury, Le Genissel, Henri, Leroi, Henri, Bellaiche, Marc, ElieLegrand, MarieClaire, Dapoigny, Michel, Denoyel, Philippe, Pienkowski, Patrice, Pouche, Philippe, Saurfelt, Marc Michel, Thorel, Jean Marie, Piche, Thierry, Travers, Bruno, Tuvignon, Patrick, Zalcberg, Marc, Boulay, Guy, Zamora, Christophe, Samama, Joelle, Ricotie, Etienne, De Fleury, Patrice, Maille, Francois, Mougenel, Jean Louis, Gonot, Olivier, Menat, Jean Philippe, Kaassis, Mehdi, Lang, Francoise, Abramowitz, Laurent, Ganne, Nathalie, Pecriaux, Olivier, Seyrig, JacquesArnaud, Sobhani, Iradj, Parmentier, Thierry, Van Nieuwenhuyse, Antoine, Weber, FrancoisXavier, Glibert, André, Bineau, Catherine, Canet, Bernard, Collin, Catherine, Cordet, Frederic, Parlier, David David, Carre, Dominique, Peytier, Annie, Fein, Francine, Barouk, Jerome, Dewannieux, Jacques, Hartwig, Johannes, Jouve, JeanLouis, Laplane, Bertrand, Lascar, Gilles, Legrand, Christophe, Le Marchand, Pierre, Liebaert, Marie Pierre, TerdimanPire, Michele, Abdelli, Naceur, Neveu, Dominique, De La Lande, Philippe, De Saint Louvent, Patrick, Pelatan, Cécile, Petit, Agnès, Richecoeur, Martial, Texier, Frederic, Cazals, Jean Brice, Tissot, Bertrand, Mourrut, Christian, Doubremelle, Marie, Foltz, Marc, GautierJubé, Florence, Martin, Jacques, Khouri, Elie, Lons, Thierry, CarlierBandu, Martine, Monnin, JeanLuc, Roche, Hervé, Willemin, Bernard, Houard, Xavier, Fatisse, Abdelaziz, Algard, Michèle, Arab, Kamel, Borel, Isabelle, Lagarrigue, Cécile, Chryssostalis, Ariane, Boutroux, Dominique, Dupuychaffray, JeanPierre, Khaddari, Saïd, Mion, François, PuyMontbrun, Thierry, Girardet, JeanPhilippe, Gury, Bruno, Landau, Alain, Le Bihan, Monique, Nieuviarts, Sandrine, Ollivry, Jean, Le Bourgeois, Philippe, Piquet, MarieAstrid, Escartin, Michel Pierre, Systchenko, Remi, Venezia, Franck, Wantiez, Michel, Lesage, Xavier, Zrihen, Elie, Aygalenq, Philippe, Dieumegard, Barbara, Savarieau, Bernard, Bulois, Philippe, Cattan, Stéphane, Diez, JeanLucien, Fauchot, Olivier, Durous, Eric, Gazut, Valérie, Guilleminet, Christian, Bories, JeanMarc, Le Floch, Isabelle Joly, Vove, JeanPaul, Lelouch, Stéphane, Lévy, Philippe, Lhopital, François, Marcato, Norma, MozerBernardeau, Marianne, Nousbaum, JeanBaptiste, Cattan, Philippe, Plane, Alain, Raymond, JeanMichel, Roseau, Gilles, Rozental, Gerald, Boustière, Christian, Bonny, Corinne, CordierCollet, Mariepierre, Courat, Laurent, Croguennec, Bernard, DelaunayTardy, Karine, Labarriere, Damien, Geagea, Edmond, Gottrand, Frédéric, Gelsi, Eve, Thiefin, Gerard, Wohlschies, Eric, Miguet, Mathieu, Ponsot, Philippe, Suzanne, Jean, Teste, Yves, Gossart, AnneClaire Dupont, Baroni, JeanLuc, Benchaa, Benabdallah, Blanc, Georges, Maroy, Bernard, Bonjean, Philippe, Brézault, Catherine, BridouxHenno, Laure, Chayette, Claude, Auby, Dominique, Fiorucci, Robert, Galindo, Georges, Hubert, Gilles, Bonneau, Gilles, Marinier, Evelyne, Pouteau, Michele, Alamdari, Afchine, Delbende, Bruno, Chamouard, Patrick, DʼAbravanel, Pascale, DallʼOsto, Hélène, Hervé, Sophie, Lefebvre, Jean, Levoir, Damien, Lillo, Philippe, Rouch, Michel, Mathonnet, Muriel, De Lustrac, Mercédes, Ramond, FrançoisJean, Roupret, Bernard, Soupison, Alain, AitOuadda, Djamila, Barbaza, Yves, Bayart, Brice, Bottini, Thomas, Cochet, Franck, Goderel, Isabelle, Maury, Orélien, Mbonyingo, Léa, Pourtau, Vanessa, Rasoanarivo, Elise, RomainHuttin, Laure, Sallé, AnneViolaine, Trang, Jonathan, Admane, Hakeem, and Drouet, Elodie

Published
2017
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21. A Multi-Parameter Dynamical Diagnostics for Upper Tropospheric and Lower Stratospheric Studies.

Author

Millan, Luis F., Manney, Gloria L., Boenisch, Harald, Hegglin, Michaela I., Hoor, Peter, Kunkel, Daniel, Leblanc, Thierry, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Walker, Kaley, Wargan, Krzysztof, and Zahn, Andreas

Subjects
OZONE layer, GREENHOUSE gas analysis, RESEARCH aircraft, AIR masses, OZONESONDES, TROPOPAUSE, COMMUNITIES
Abstract

Ozone trend estimates have shown large uncertainties in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) region despite multi-decadal observations available from ground-based, balloon, aircraft, and satellite platforms. These uncertainties arise from large natural variability driven by dynamics (reflected in tropopause and jet variations) as well as the strength in constituent transport and mixing. Additionally, despite all the community efforts there is still a lack of representative high-quality global UTLS measurements to capture this variability. The Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Observed Composition Trends and Variability in the UTLS (OCTAV-UTLS) activity aims to reduce uncertainties in UTLS composition trend estimates by accounting for this dynamically induced variability. In this paper, we describe the production of dynamical diagnostics using meteorological information from reanalysis fields that facilitate mapping observations from several platforms into numerous geophysically-based coordinates (including tropopause and upper tropospheric jet relative coordinates). Suitable coordinates should increase the homogeneity of the air masses analyzed together, thus reducing the uncertainty caused by spatio-temporal sampling biases in the quantification of UTLS composition trends. This approach thus provides a framework for comparing measurements with diverse sampling patterns and leverages the meteorological context to derive maximum information on UTLS composition and trends and its relationships to dynamical variability. The dynamical diagnostics presented here are the first comprehensive set describing the meteorological context for multi-decadal observations by ozonesondes, lidar, aircraft, and satellite measurements in order to study the impact of dynamical processes on observed UTLS trends by different sensors on different platforms. Examples using these diagnostics to map multi-platform datasets into different geophysically-based coordinate systems are provided. The diagnostics presented can also be applied to analysis of greenhouse gases other than ozone that are relevant to surface climate and UTLS chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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26. Excess risk of urinary tract cancers in patients receiving thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective observational cohort study

Author

Bourrier, A., Carrat, F., Colombel, J.-F., Bouvier, A.-M., Abitbol, V., Marteau, P., Cosnes, J., Simon, T., Peyrin-Biroulet, L., Beaugerie, L., Gendre, Jean-Pierre, Lémann, Marc, Hébuterne, Xavier, Cortot, Antoine, Bouhnik, Yoram, Laharie, David, Dupas, Jean Louis, Flourié, Bernard, Lerebours, Eric, Allez, Matthieu, Messing, Bernard, Cadiot, Guillaume, Soulé, Jean-Claude, Gornet, Jean-Marc, Veyrac, Michel, Duclos, Bernard, Beau, Philippe, Bourreille, Arnaud, Baumer, Philippe, Carbonnel, Franck, Heresbach, Denis, Metman, Etienne-Henry, Florent, Christian, Blain, Antoine, Faucheron, Jean-Luc, Bonaz, Bruno, Roblin, Xavier, Potier, Pascal, Boehm, Christian, Kurtz, Thierry, Lamouliatte, Hervé, Nion-Larmurier, Isabelle, Delchier, Jean-Charles, Chaussade, Stanislas, Weiss, Anne Marie, Cézard, Jean Pierre, Siproudhis, Laurent, Nahon, Stéphane, Sondag, Daniel, Jian, Raymond, Souquet, Jean-Christophe, Bord, Pierre, Coffin, Benoit, Dʼalmagne, Hélène, Delasalle, Patrick, Fournier, Régis, Cavicchi, Maryan, Souffran, Marc-Henry, Vandromme, Luc, Guedon, Claire, Seksik, Philippe, Michiels, Christophe, Renard, Pascal, Rogier, Patrice, Gouilloud, Sylvie, Rotenberg, André, Savoye, Guillaume, Thevenin, Alain, Mallet, Laurent, Brazier, Franck, Jean, Francois, Justum, Anne-Marie, Latrive, Jean-Paul, Gerbal, Jean-Luc, Pierrugues, Robert, Chardonnal, Gérard, Picon, Laurence, Reix, Nicole, Dʼaubigny, Nicolas Drouët, Uettwiller, Hervé, Mallet, Anne Courillon, Palacci, Alain, Bensaude, Raoul-Jacques, Bonniaud, Pierre, Empinet, Olivier, Nisard, Andrée, Rudelli, Alain, Tubiana, Bernard, Capelle, Philippe, Dabadie, Alain, Evard, Daniel, Julien, Pierre-Emile, Picon-Coste, Magali, Schneider, Stéphane, Goldfain, Denis, Bellanger, Jérôme, Blondelot, Jean-Pierre, Lamy, Philippe, Lemière, Sébastien, Mockly, Jean Francois, Pellat, Benoit, Gatineau-Sailliant, Gilles, Nalet, Bernard, Nancey, Stéphane, Kusielewicz, Daniel, Loison, Patrick, Popot, Jean-Michel, Merite, François, Roux, Jean-Pol, Afchain, Pauline, Blanquart, Alain, Heyries, Laurent, Reville, Marc, Viron, Dominique, Zerbib, Frank, Claviere, Christophe, Léostic, Didier, Pouderoux, Philippe, Moitry, Alain, Hagège, Hervé, Hugot, Jean-Pierre, Humeau, Benoit, Sabate, Jean-Marc, Lederman, Emmanuel, Lescut, Dominique, Luneau, Fabrice, Mesnard, Bruno, Smadja, Lionel, Steinberg, Michel, Brun, Marc, Macaigne, Gilles, Marchal, Jean Luc, Ollivier, Stéphane, Ouvry, Dominique, Perche, Jean Paul, Rambaud, Serge, Benamouzig, Robert, Cazenave, Jean Louis, Coffin, Jean-Charles, Blazquez, Martine, Lagneau, Marion, Person, Bruno, Wittersheim, Christian, Napoleon, Bertrand, Cemachovic, Israël, Iglicki, Franck, Howaizi, Mehran, Leprince, Eric, Leurent, Bruno, Morin, Thierry, Darsouni, Riad, Attar, Alain, Baron, Philippe, Breton, Anne, Gillion, Jean Marie, Guemene, Jean-Marc, Jouffre, Claude, Moreau, Xavier, Claude, Pierre, Quinton, André, Brichard, Jean Michel, Desaint, Benoit, Bouygues, Martin, Chatrenet, Philippe, Salmeron, Marcelo, Silvie, Jean, Waldner, Bruno, Emery, Yves, Moraillon, Armand, Kunkel, Daniel, Dubois, Philippe, Faure, Patrick, LʼHirondel, Christian, Labérenne, Jean-Eric, Moreau, Pierre, Pereira, Adelino, Plihon, Genevieve, Wolff, Thierry, Ngo, Yann, Boruchowicz, Arnaud, Jost, Béatrice, Gotlib, Jean Pierre, Danne, Odile, Raoux, Philippe, Ramond-Bouhali, Marie-José, Baetz, Andre, Veyres, Bruno, Chapoutot, Christian, Le Dréau, Gérard, Filippi, Jérôme, Mudry, Jean, Kalt, Philippe, Minault, Sophie, Bounin, Pierre-André, Andréani, Tony, Charneau, Jacky, Reijasse, Didier, Bolze, Jean-Louis, Thaunat, Jean Luc, Le Couteulx, Christian, Maurage, Chantal, Bader, Robert, Codjovi, Philippe, Migairou, Jean-Luc, Morali, Alain, Rey, Philippe, Molard, Bruno Richard, Petit, Richard, Koch, Stéphane, Cassan, Philippe, Deschamps, Jean-Paul, Caby, Christine Meicler, Meurisse, Jean-Jacques, Prades, Philippe, Boulant, James, Diacono, Michel, Monsch, Jean-Marie, Dupuy, J-François, Bellaiche, Guy, Guegan, Martine, Comte, Jean-Marc, Cayla, Jean-Michel, Le Tallec, Francois, Meurisse, Franck, Desurmont, Philippe, Roget, Laurent, Bouyssou, Philippe, Le Gall, Bruno, Bloch, Francis, Larvol, Loic, Jullien, Monique, Moreau, Jacques, Rebouissoux, Laurent, Decroix, Bruno, Dib, Nina, Dieterling, Paul, Lenormand, Frédéric, Lagier, Emmanuel, Fallourd, Philippe, Charpin, Serge, Bertrand, Hugues, Bommelaer, Gilles, Battistelli, Daniel, Delon, Bernard, Dentant, Lionel, Dorval, Etienne, Dumortier, Jérôme, Gaye-Bareyt, Eric, Gerosa, Yves, Guez, Chantal, Mornet, Martine, Benfredj, Paul, Piperaud, René, Stremsdoerfer, Noel, Verdier, Eric, Grinholtz, Alain, Barjonet, Georges, See, Antoine, Arotçarena, Ramuntxo, Baudet, Anne, Broyer, Joel, Charachon, Antoine, Blondon, Hugues, Mouton, Pascal, Claudez, Hubert, Labat-Labourdette, Jacques, Haëm, Jacques, Estable, Patrick, Levy, Patrick, Rosenbaum, Alain, Balavoine, Yvon, Blanchi, Alain, Coutarel, Pierre, Delaperriere, Nadege, Dervichian, Michel, Marois, Francis, Seroka, Jacques, Michaud, Laurent, Leroy, Olivier, Meyran, Emmanuel, Poilroux, Bernard, Tensaouti, Abdallah, Paupard, Thierry, Agard, Dominique, Beaulieu, Sandrine, Benfiguig, Kader, Capony, Patrice, Cottereau, Jean, Desreumaux, Pierre, Dramard, Jean-Michel, Duché, Mathieu, Mamou, Patrick, Etienney, Isabelle, DʼAbrigeon, Gilles, Godeberge, Béatrice, Tucat, Gilbert, Puech, Jean, Roger, Jean, Lapalus, Marie-George, Bauret, Paul, Houcke, Philippe, Pornin, Béatrice, Champigneulle, Bruno, Cuissard, Laurent, David, Xavier-Richard, Lombard, Frédéric, Granveau, Antoine, Hamon, Jean-François, Ink, Olivier, Blondel, Fabienne, Namias, Alain, Pillon, Didier, Reignier, Antoine, Tordjman, Gilles, Christidis, Christos, Zirabe, Simon, Audebert, Michel, Bion, Eric, Bourgeaux, Claude, Poupardin, Cécile, Deplaix, Philippe, Fratini, Gérard, Garnier, Thierry, Desseaux, Gerard, Magois, Hervé, Lochum, Sylvain, Vergier, Jean-Francois, Texereau, Patrick, Rat, Christel, Uzzan, Francoise, Vidal, Alain, Vinante, Nadia, Watrin, Bernard, Wurtz-Huckert, Cécile, Barre, Bruno, Ferbus, Dominique Chaslin, Contou, Jean-François, Coupier, Dominique, David, Benoit, Gargot, Dany, Huc, Denis, Barraya, Remy, Faroux, Roger, Fourgeaud, Jean-Luc, Grimprel, Hubert, Auroux, Jean, Rey, Jean-François, Arnoux, Jean Pierre, Lentini, Franck, Tardy, Ludovic, Mouterde, Olivier, Spyckerelle, Claire, Vacherot, Bruno, Weissman, Alain, Alpérine, Michel, Le Sidaner, Anne, Bonnet-Eymard, Pierre-Olivier, Colson, Jean Louis, Pellet, Daniel, Deltombe, Bernard, Edouard, André, Maechel, Henri, Jaillet, Jean-Claude, Genes, Julien, Leveque, Anne-Marie, Lucidarme, Damien, Maignan, Philippe, Gehrke, Nathalie Mallier, Sanchez, Jérôme, Tusseau, Frank, Casteur, Alban, Bottlaender, Jacques, Constantini, Denis, Coton, Thierry, Even, Philippe, Druart, Francois, Riot, François, Gauchet, Jean-Michel, Hecquet, Geneviève, Henry, Gerard, Hochain, Patrick, Arpurt, Jean Pierre, Medini, Abdelkrim, Dartois-Hoguin, Michele, Moindrot, Henri, Emery, Philippe, Periac, Pierre, Prunier, Annie, Renkes, Pascal, Tawil-Longreen, Christine, Vincent, Edmond, Vitte, René-Louis, Loeb, Christian, Carwana, Alain, Barbereau, Didier, Bohon, Philippe, Corrieri-Baizeau, Céline, Sahy, Daniel, Derreveaux, Philippe, David, Dominique, Desbazeille, François, Fontenelle, Patrick, Slama, Jean Luc, Le Mercier, Yvon, Certin, Michel, Reig, Jean Jacques, Rosa, Isabelle, Helbert, Thierry, Tounian, Patrick, Turner, Luc, Perot, Valéry, Aillet, Luc, Pauwels, Arnaud, Barré, Philippe, Nury, Bernard, Cazalbou, Claude, Devulder, Franck, Durget, Alain, Dubroca, Jeanne, Gaudy, Daniele, Greff, Michel, Jacques, Christian, Lafarge, Jocelyne, Kezachian, Gilles, Le Gall, Ronan, Pariente, Alex, Pinault, Tiphaine, Bismuth, Michaël, Boyer-Darrigrand, Nathalie, Bretagnolle, Philippe, Carpentier, Stephane, Cholet, Franck, Theodore, Christian, Combes, Rémi, Combet, Francois, Delanoe, Christophe, De Montigny, Stéphanie, Soudan, Denis, Fourdan, Olivier, Minier, Gilles, Languepin, Jeanne, Roche, Jean, Ginies, Jean-Louis, Nouel, Olivier, Petitgars, Philippe, Robin, Edith, Hamm, Romain, Roques, Jean François, Roussin-Bretagne, Sylvie, Sénéjoux, Agnès, Muron, Sophie, Bardoux, Nicolas, Berthelemy, Philippe, Madonia, Patrick, Carles, Bertrand, Reynier, Catherine, Cuillerier, Emmanuel, Dadamessi, Innocenti, Danis, Jacques, Debenes, Bernard, Dubuc-Rey, Nathalie, Lesur, Gilles, Jouet, Pauline, Lenaerts, Catherine, Garret, Marc, Mineur, Alexandra, Chabry, Bernard, Pigot, Francois, Rossi, Valérie, Tennenbaum, Ruth, Salloum, Julien, Slaoui, Maurice Hakim, Mathieu, Stéphane, Papapietro, Valérie, Viola, Sheila, Bezet, Alexis, Altman, Claude, Audan, Alain, Calabet, Jean, Masliah, Claude, Fayemendy, Laurent, Duruy, Marc, Gauffeny, Benoit, Helie, Ludovic, Imani, Kamran, Janin-Manificat, Raoul, Galmiche, Jean-Paul, Kerlirzin, Anne, Bedenne, Laurent, Locher, Christophe, Michaudel, Gilles, Missonnier, Gilles, Rinaldi-Dovio, Michel, Rouillon, Jean-Michel, Ecuer, Stéphane, Patenotte, Arnaud, Bronstein, Jean Ariel, Baty, Vincent, Bougnol, Michel, Bourbon, Pierre, Cerbelaud, Philippe, Chavaillon, Annick, Boiffin, Franck, Dubern, Béatrice, De Laguierce, Isabelle Duval, Greco, Fernand, Bouhot, Florence, Godeberge, Philippe, Grandmaison, Brigitte, Gros, Pascal, Targues, Guy, Corallo, Jacques, Boutin, Jean, Guillan, Jacques, Barbieux, Jean Pierre, Lariviere, Isabelle Loury, Le Genissel, Henri, Leroi, Henri, Bellaiche, Marc, Elie-Legrand, Marie-Claire, Dapoigny, Michel, Denoyel, Philippe, Pienkowski, Patrice, Pouche, Philippe, Saurfelt, Marc Michel, Thorel, Jean Marie, Piche, Thierry, Travers, Bruno, Tuvignon, Patrick, Zalcberg, Marc, Boulay, Guy, Zamora, Christophe, Samama, Joelle, Ricotie, Etienne, De Fleury, Patrice, Maille, Francois, Mougenel, Jean Louis, Gonot, Olivier, Menat, Jean Philippe, Kaassis, Mehdi, Lang, Francoise, Abramowitz, Laurent, Ganne, Nathalie, Pecriaux, Olivier, Seyrig, Jacques-Arnaud, Sobhani, Iradj, Parmentier, Thierry, Van Nieuwenhuyse, Antoine, Weber, Francois-Xavier, Glibert, André, Bineau, Catherine, Canet, Bernard, Collin, Catherine, Cordet, Frederic, Parlier, David David, Carre, Dominique, Peytier, Annie, Fein, Francine, Barouk, Jerome, Dewannieux, Jacques, Hartwig, Johannes, Jouve, Jean-Louis, Laplane, Bertrand, Lascar, Gilles, Legrand, Christophe, Le Marchand, Pierre, Liebaert, Marie Pierre, Terdiman-Pire, Michele, Abdelli, Naceur, Neveu, Dominique, De La Lande, Philippe, De Saint Louvent, Patrick, Pelatan, Cécile, Petit, Agnès, Richecoeur, Martial, Texier, Frederic, Cazals, Jean Brice, Tissot, Bertrand, Mourrut, Christian, Doubremelle, Marie, Foltz, Marc, Gautier-Jubé, Florence, Martin, Jacques, Khouri, Elie, Lons, Thierry, Carlier-Bandu, Martine, Monnin, Jean-Luc, Roche, Hervé, Willemin, Bernard, Houard, Xavier, Fatisse, Abdelaziz, le Algard, Michè, Arab, Kamel, Borel, Isabelle, Lagarrigue, Cécile, Chryssostalis, Ariane, Boutroux, Dominique, Dupuychaffray, Jean-Pierre, Khaddari, Saïd, Mion, François, Puy-Montbrun, Thierry, Girardet, Jean-Philippe, Gury, Bruno, Landau, Alain, Le Bihan, Monique, Nieuviarts, Sandrine, Ollivry, Jean, Le Bourgeois, Philippe, Piquet, Marie-Astrid, Escartin, Michel-Pierre, Systchenko, Remi, Venezia, Franck, Wantiez, Michel, Lesage, Xavier, Zrihen, Elie, Aygalenq, Philippe, Dieumegard, Barbara, Savarieau, Bernard, Bulois, Philippe, Cattan, Stéphane, Diez, Jean-Lucien, Fauchot, Olivier, Durous, Eric, Gazut, Valérie, Guilleminet, Christian, Bories, Jean-Marc, Le Floch, Isabelle Joly, Vove, Jean-Paul, Lelouch, Stéphane, Lévy, Philippe, Lhopital, François, Marcato, Norma, Mozer-Bernardeau, Marianne, Nousbaum, Jean-Baptiste, Cattan, Philippe, Plane, Alain, Raymond, Jean-Michel, Roseau, Gilles, Rozental, Gerald, Boustière, Christian, Bonny, Corinne, Cordier-Collet, Mariepierre, Courat, Laurent, Croguennec, Bernard, Delaunay-Tardy, Karine, Labarriere, Damien, Geagea, Edmond, Gottrand, Frédéric, Gelsi, Eve, Thiefin, Gerard, Wohlschies, Eric, Miguet, Mathieu, Ponsot, Philippe, Suzanne, Jean, Teste, Yves, Gossart, Anne-Claire Dupont, Baroni, Jean-Luc, Benchaa, Benabdallah, Blanc, Georges, Maroy, Bernard, Bonjean, Philippe, Brézault, Catherine, Bridoux-Henno, Laure, Chayette, Claude, Auby, Dominique, Fiorucci, Robert, Galindo, Georges, Hubert, Gilles, Bonneau, Gilles, Marinier, Evelyne, Pouteau, Michele, Alamdari, Afchine, Delbende, Bruno, Chamouard, Patrick, DʼAbravanel, Pascale, DallʼOsto, Hélène, Hervé, Sophie, Lefebvre, Jean, Levoir, Damien, Lillo, Philippe, Rouch, Michel, Mathonnet, Muriel, De Lustrac, Mercédes, Ramond, François-Jean, Roupret, Bernard, and Soupison, Alain

Published
2016
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29. Chemical composition and source attribution of sub-micrometre aerosol particles in the summertime Arctic lower troposphere

Author

Köllner, Franziska, Schneider, Johannes, Willis, Megan D., Schulz, Hannes, Kunkel, Daniel, Bozem, Heiko, Hoor, Peter M., Klimach, Thomas, Helleis, Frank, Burkart, Julia, Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Abbatt, Jonathan P.D., Herber, Andreas, Bohrmann, Stephan, Köllner, Franziska, Schneider, Johannes, Willis, Megan D., Schulz, Hannes, Kunkel, Daniel, Bozem, Heiko, Hoor, Peter M., Klimach, Thomas, Helleis, Frank, Burkart, Julia, Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Abbatt, Jonathan P.D., Herber, Andreas, and Bohrmann, Stephan

Abstract

Aerosol particles impact the Arctic climate system both directly and indirectly by modifying cloud properties, yet our understanding of their vertical distribution, chemical composition, mixing state, and sources in the summertime Arctic is incomplete. In situ vertical observations of particle properties in the high Arctic combined with modelling analy- sis on source attribution are in short supply, particularly dur- ing summer. We thus use airborne measurements of aerosol particle composition to demonstrate the strong contrast be- tween particle sources and composition within and above the summertime Arctic boundary layer. In situ measure- ments from two complementary aerosol mass spectrometers, the Aircraft-based Laser Ablation Aerosol Mass Spectrom- eter (ALABAMA) and an Aerodyne high-resolution time- of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), are pre- sented alongside black carbon measurements from an single particle soot photometer (SP2). Particle composition anal- ysis was complemented by trace gas measurements, satel- lite data, and air mass history modelling to attribute parti- cle properties to particle origin and air mass source regions. Particle composition above the summertime Arctic bound- ary layer was dominated by chemically aged particles, con- taining elemental carbon, nitrate, ammonium, sulfate, and organic matter. From our analysis, we conclude that the pres- ence of these particles was driven by transport of aerosol and precursor gases from mid-latitudes to Arctic regions. Specifically, elevated concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, and organic matter coincided with time spent over vegeta- tion fires in northern Canada. In parallel, those particles were largely present in high CO environments (> 90 ppbv ). Ad- ditionally, we observed that the organic-to-sulfate ratio was enhanced with increasing influence from these fires. Besides vegetation fires, particle sources in mid-latitudes further in- clude anthropogenic emissions in Europe, North

Published
2021

30. Gravity wave induced cross-isentropic mixing: A DEEPWAVE case study.

Author

Lachnitt, Hans-Christoph, Hoor, Peter, Kunkel, Daniel, Bramberger, Martina, Dörnbrack, Andreas, Müller, Stefan, Reutter, Philipp, Giez, Andreas, Kaluza, Thorsten, and Rapp, Markus

Abstract

Orographic gravity waves (i.e. mountain waves) can potentially lead to cross-isentropic fluxes of trace gases via the generation of turbulence. During the DEEPWAVE (Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment) campaign in July 2014 we performed tracer measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) above the Southern Alps during periods of gravity wave activity. The measurements were taken along two stacked levels at 7.9 km in the troposphere and 10.9 km in the stratosphere. A detailed 5 analysis of the observed wind components shows, that both flight legs were affected by vertically propagating gravity waves with momentum deposition and energy dissipation between the two legs. Corresponding tracer measurements indicate turbulent mixing in the region of gravity wave occurrence. For the stratospheric data we identified mixing leading to a change of the cross-isentropic tracer gradient from the upstream to the downstream region of the Southern Alps. Based on the quasi-inert tracer N2O we identified two distinct layers in the strato10 sphere with different chemical composition on different isentropes. The CO-N2O relationship clearly indicates that irreversible mixing between these two layers occurred. Further we found a significant change of the N2O-Θ-profiles from the upstream to the downstream side above the Southern Alps with different gradients of the N2O-Θ-relation just above the tropopause. A scale-dependent gradient analysis reveals that this gradient change is triggered in the region of gravity wave occurrence. The power spectra of the in-situ measured vertical wind, Θ, and N2O indicate the occurrence of turbulence above the moun15 tains associated with the gravity waves in the stratosphere. The estimated eddy dissipation rate based on the measured three dimensional wind indicates a weak intensity of turbulence in the stratosphere above the mountain ridge. The N2O-Θ-relation downwind the Alps modified by the gravity wave activity provides clear evidence that trace gas fluxes, which were deduced from wavelet co-spectra of vertical wind and N2O are at least in part cross-isentropic. Our findings thus indicate that orographic waves led to turbulent mixing on both flight legs in the troposphere and in the strato20 sphere. Despite only weak turbulence during the stratospheric leg, the cross isentropic gradient and the related composition change on isentropic surfaces from upstream to downstream the mountain unambiguously conserves the effect of turbulent mixing by gravity wave activity before the measurements. This finally leads to irreversible diabatic trace gas fluxes and thus has a persistent effect on the UTLS trace gas composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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31. Chemical composition and source attribution of sub-micrometre aerosol particles in the summertime Arctic lower troposphere

Author

Köllner, Franziska, primary, Schneider, Johannes, additional, Willis, Megan D., additional, Schulz, Hannes, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Hoor, Peter, additional, Klimach, Thomas, additional, Helleis, Frank, additional, Burkart, Julia, additional, Leaitch, W. Richard, additional, Aliabadi, Amir A., additional, Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., additional, Herber, Andreas B., additional, and Borrmann, Stephan, additional

Published
2021
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33. Airborne survey of trace gases and aerosols over the Southern Baltic Sea: from clean marine boundary layer to shipping corridor effect

Author

Zanatta, Marco, Bozem, Heiko, Köllner, Franziska, Schneider, Johannes, Kunkel, Daniel, Hoor, Peter M., de Faria, Julia, Petzold, Andreas, Bundke, U., Haydn, Katherine, Staebler, Ralf, Schulz, Hannes, Herber, Andreas, Zanatta, Marco, Bozem, Heiko, Köllner, Franziska, Schneider, Johannes, Kunkel, Daniel, Hoor, Peter M., de Faria, Julia, Petzold, Andreas, Bundke, U., Haydn, Katherine, Staebler, Ralf, Schulz, Hannes, and Herber, Andreas

Abstract

The influence of shipping on air quality over the Southern Baltic Sea was investigated by characterizing the horizontal and vertical distribution of aerosols and trace gases using airborne measurements in the summer of 2015. Generally, continental and anthropogenic emissions affected the vertical distribution of atmospheric pollutants, leading to pronounced stratification in and above the marine boundary layer and controlling the aerosol extinction. Marine traffic along the shipping corridor “Kadet Fairway” in the Arkona Basin is shown to influence the presence and properties of both trace gases and aerosol particles in the lowest atmospheric layer. Total particle number concentration and NOy mixing ratio increased in the corridor plumes, relative to background, by a factor 1.55 and 3.45, respectively. Titration, triggered by the enhanced presence of nitrogen compounds, led to a median ozone depletion of 19% in the corridor plumes. The enforcement of the Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA) might be responsible for the minor sulphur dioxide increase (20%) in the corridor plumes. Ship traffic caused a minor enhancement of black carbon mass concentration, estimated to be around 10%. The study of individual ship plumes indicated that ship emitted aerosol was substantially different from background aerosol: fresh ship exhaust was preferentially enriched in aerosol particles with diameters below 100nm and in black carbon particles with core diameters above 300-400nm. With the present work the impact of marine traffic on the concentration and properties of atmospheric components within the marine boundary layer over the open water of the Southern Baltic Sea is assessed with airborne observations for the first time. Due to the high uncertainty affecting the estimations of ship emissions, this dataset represents a valuable reference for the assessment of ship emission inventories and related environmental-climatic impacts on the Southern Baltic Sea.

Published
2020

34. Does the Intra-Arctic Modification of Long-Range Transported Aerosol Affect the Local Radiative Budget? (A Case Study)

Author

Nakoudi, Konstantina, Ritter, Christoph, Böckmann, Christine, Kunkel, Daniel, Eppers, Oliver, Rozanov, Vladimir, Mei, Linlu, Pefanis, Vasileios, Jäkel, Evelyn, Herber, Andreas, Maturilli, Marion, Neuber, Roland, Nakoudi, Konstantina, Ritter, Christoph, Böckmann, Christine, Kunkel, Daniel, Eppers, Oliver, Rozanov, Vladimir, Mei, Linlu, Pefanis, Vasileios, Jäkel, Evelyn, Herber, Andreas, Maturilli, Marion, and Neuber, Roland

Abstract

The impact of aerosol spatio-temporal variability on the Arctic radiative budget is not fully constrained. This case study focuses on the intra-Arctic modification of long-range transported aerosol and its direct aerosol radiative effect (ARE). Different types of air-borne and ground-based remote sensing observations (from Lidar and sun-photometer) revealed a high tropospheric aerosol transport episode over two parts of the European Arctic in April 2018. By incorporating the derived aerosol optical and microphysical properties into a radiative transfer model, we assessed the ARE over the two locations. Our study displayed that even in neighboring Arctic upper tropospheric levels, aged aerosol was transformed due to the interplay of removal processes (nucleation scavenging and dry deposition) and alteration of the aerosol source regions (northeast Asia and north Europe). Along the intra-Arctic transport, the coarse aerosol mode was depleted and the visible wavelength Lidar ratio (LR) increased significantly (from 15 to 64–82 sr). However, the aerosol modifications were not reflected on the ARE. More specifically, the short-wave (SW) atmospheric column ARE amounted to +4.4 - +4.9 W m−2 over the ice-covered Fram Strait and +4.5 W m−2 over the snow-covered Ny-Ålesund. Over both locations, top-of-atmosphere (TOA) warming was accompanied by surface cooling. These similarities can be attributed to the predominant accumulation mode, which drives the SW radiative budget, as well as to the similar layer altitude, solar geometry, and surface albedo conditions over both locations. However, in the context of retreating sea ice, the ARE may change even along individual transport episodes due to the ice albedo feedback.

Published
2020

35. Chemical composition and source attribution of submicron aerosol particles in the summertime Arctic lower troposphere

Author

Köllner, Franziska, primary, Schneider, Johannes, additional, Willis, Megan D., additional, Schulz, Hannes, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Hoor, Peter, additional, Klimach, Thomas, additional, Helleis, Frank, additional, Burkart, Julia, additional, Leaitch, W. Richard, additional, Aliabadi, Amir A., additional, Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., additional, Herber, Andreas B., additional, and Borrmann, Stephan, additional

Published
2020
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36. Supplementary material to "Chemical composition and source attribution of submicron aerosol particles in the summertime Arctic lower troposphere"

Author

Köllner, Franziska, primary, Schneider, Johannes, additional, Willis, Megan D., additional, Schulz, Hannes, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Hoor, Peter, additional, Klimach, Thomas, additional, Helleis, Frank, additional, Burkart, Julia, additional, Leaitch, W. Richard, additional, Aliabadi, Amir A., additional, Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., additional, Herber, Andreas B., additional, and Borrmann, Stephan, additional

Published
2020
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37. Does the Intra-Arctic Modification of Long-Range Transported Aerosol Affect the Local Radiative Budget? (A Case Study)

Author

Nakoudi, Konstantina, primary, Ritter, Christoph, additional, Böckmann, Christine, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Eppers, Oliver, additional, Rozanov, Vladimir, additional, Mei, Linlu, additional, Pefanis, Vasileios, additional, Jäkel, Evelyn, additional, Herber, Andreas, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, and Neuber, Roland, additional

Published
2020
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38. Cross-isentropic mixing: A DEEPWAVE case study

Author

Lachnitt, Hans-Christoph, primary, Hoor, Peter, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Hofmann, Stafan, additional, Bramberger, Martina, additional, Rapp, Markus, additional, Dörnbrack, Andreas, additional, and Schlager, Hans, additional

Published
2020
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40. Empirical ozone production in the subtropical UTLS from South American biomass burning during SOUTHTRAC

Author

Hoor, Peter, primary, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Lachnitt, Hans-Christoph, additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Bense, Vera, additional, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, additional, Ungermann, Jörn, additional, Engel, Andreas, additional, Zahn, Andreas, additional, Ziereis, Helmut, additional, Friedl-Vallon, Felix, additional, Johansson, Sören, additional, Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin, additional, Riese, Martin, additional, and Rapp, Markus, additional

Published
2020
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41. Transport processes in the lowermost stratosphere - interhemispheric differences from trace gas observations during WISE and SouthTRAC

Author

Bense, Vera, primary, Hoor, Peter, additional, Kluschat, Björn, additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Lachnitt, Hans-Christoph, additional, Kaluza, Thorsten, additional, Joppe, Philipp, additional, Büttner, Maximilian, additional, Krause, Jens, additional, Engel, Andreas, additional, Zahn, Andreas, additional, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, additional, Riese, Martin, additional, Rapp, Markus, additional, and Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin, additional

Published
2020
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43. Airborne survey of trace gases and aerosols over the Southern Baltic Sea: from clean marine boundary layer to shipping corridor effect

Author

Zanatta, Marco, primary, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Köllner, Franziska, additional, Schneider, Johannes, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Hoor, Peter, additional, De Faria, Julia, additional, Petzold, Andreas, additional, Bundke, Ulrich, additional, Hayden, Katherine, additional, Staebler, Ralf M., additional, Schulz, Hannes, additional, and Herber, Andreas B., additional

Published
2020
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44. Characterization of transport regimes and the polar dome during Arctic spring and summer using in situ aircraft measurements

Author

Bozem, Heiko, primary, Hoor, Peter, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Köllner, Franziska, additional, Schneider, Johannes, additional, Herber, Andreas, additional, Schulz, Hannes, additional, Leaitch, W. Richard, additional, Aliabadi, Amir A., additional, Willis, Megan D., additional, Burkart, Julia, additional, and Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., additional

Published
2019
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45. Aircraft-based measurements of High Arctic springtime aerosol show evidence for vertically varying sources, transport and composition

Author

Willis, Megan D., Bozem, Heiko, Kunkel, Daniel, Lee, Alex K.Y., Schulz, Hannes, Burkart, Julia, Aliabadi, Amir A., Herber, Andreas, Leaitch, W. Richard, Abbatt, Jonathan P.D., Willis, Megan D., Bozem, Heiko, Kunkel, Daniel, Lee, Alex K.Y., Schulz, Hannes, Burkart, Julia, Aliabadi, Amir A., Herber, Andreas, Leaitch, W. Richard, and Abbatt, Jonathan P.D.

Abstract

The sources, chemical transformations and re- moval mechanisms of aerosol transported to the Arctic are key factors that control Arctic aerosol–climate interactions. Our understanding of sources and processes is limited by a lack of vertically resolved observations in remote Arctic re- gions. We present vertically resolved observations of trace gases and aerosol composition in High Arctic springtime, made largely north of 80◦ N, during the NETCARE cam- paign. Trace gas gradients observed on these flights defined the polar dome as north of 66–68◦ 30′ N and below poten- tial temperatures of 283.5–287.5 K. In the polar dome, we observe evidence for vertically varying source regions and chemical processing. These vertical changes in sources and chemistry lead to systematic variation in aerosol composition as a function of potential temperature. We show evidence for sources of aerosol with higher organic aerosol (OA), ammo- nium and refractory black carbon (rBC) content in the upper polar dome. Based on FLEXPART-ECMWF calculations, air masses sampled at all levels inside the polar dome (i.e., po- tential temperature < 280.5 K, altitude <∼ 3.5 km) subsided during transport over transport times of at least 10 days. Air masses at the lowest potential temperatures, in the lower po- lar dome, had spent long periods (> 10 days) in the Arc- tic, while air masses in the upper polar dome had entered the Arctic more recently. Variations in aerosol composition were closely related to transport history. In the lower polar dome, the measured sub-micron aerosol mass was dominated by sulfate (mean 74 %), with lower contributions from rBC (1 %), ammonium (4 %) and OA (20 %). At higher altitudes and higher potential temperatures, OA, ammonium and rBC contributed 42 %, 8 % and 2 % of aerosol mass, respectively. A qualitative indication for the presence of sea salt showed that sodium chloride contributed to sub-micron aerosol in the lower polar dome, but was not detectable in the upper po

Published
2019

46. Characterization of transport regimes and the polar dome during Arctic spring and summer using in situ aircraft measurements

Author

Bozem, Heiko, Hoor, Peter M., Kunkel, Daniel, Köllner, Franziska, Schneider, Johannes, Herber, Andreas, Schulz, Hannes, Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Willis, Megan D., Burkart, Julia, Abbatt, Jonathan P.D., Bozem, Heiko, Hoor, Peter M., Kunkel, Daniel, Köllner, Franziska, Schneider, Johannes, Herber, Andreas, Schulz, Hannes, Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Willis, Megan D., Burkart, Julia, and Abbatt, Jonathan P.D.

Abstract

The springtime composition of the Arctic lower troposphere is to a large extent controlled by the transport of midlatitude air masses into the Arctic. In contrast, pre- cipitation and natural sources play the most important role during summer. Within the Arctic region sloping isentropes create a barrier to horizontal transport, known as the polar dome. The polar dome varies in space and time and exhibits a strong influence on the transport of air masses from mid- latitudes, enhancing transport during winter and inhibiting transport during summer. We analyzed aircraft-based trace gas measurements in the Arctic from two NETCARE airborne field campaigns (July 2014 and April 2015) with the Alfred Wegener Insti- tute Polar 6 aircraft, covering an area from Spitsbergen to Alaska (134 to 17◦ W and 68 to 83◦ N). Using these data we characterized the transport regimes of midlatitude air masses traveling to the high Arctic based on CO and CO2 mea- surements as well as kinematic 10 d back trajectories. We found that dynamical isolation of the high Arctic lower tro- posphere leads to gradients of chemical tracers reflecting dif- ferent local chemical lifetimes, sources, and sinks. In par- ticular, gradients of CO and CO2 allowed for a trace-gas- based definition of the polar dome boundary for the two mea- surement periods, which showed pronounced seasonal differences. Rather than a sharp boundary, we derived a transi- tion zone from both campaigns. In July 2014 the polar dome boundary was at 73.5◦ N latitude and 299–303.5 K potential temperature. During April 2015 the polar dome boundary was on average located at 66–68.5◦ N and 283.5–287.5 K. Tracer–tracer scatter plots confirm different air mass prop- erties inside and outside the polar dome in both spring and summer. Further, we explored the processes controlling the recent transport history of air masses within and outside the polar dome. Air masses within the springtime polar dome mainly experienced diabatic cooli

Published
2019

47. Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Allan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Galí, Martí, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D., Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Allan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Galí, Martí, Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy, Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, and Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D.

Abstract

Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013. (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water (up to 75 nM) and the overlying atmosphere (up to 1 ppbv) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source (with DMS concentrations of up to 6 nM and a potential contribution to atmospheric DMS of 20 % in the study area). (2) Evidence of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer was found in the CAA in the summertime, with these events observed on 41 % of days in a 2016 cruise. As well, at Alert, Nunavut, particles that are newly formed and grown under conditions of minimal anthropogenic influence during the months of July and August are estimated to contribute 20 % to 80 % of the 30–50 nm particle number density. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from seabird-colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene

Published
2019

48. High Arctic aircraft measurements characterising black carbon vertical variability in spring and summer

Author

Schulz, Hannes, Zanatta, Marco, Bozem, Heiko, Leaitch, W. Richard, Herber, Andreas, Burkhart, Julia, Willis, Megan D., Kunkel, Daniel, Hoor, Peter M., Abbatt, Jonathan P.D., Gerdes, Rüdiger, Schulz, Hannes, Zanatta, Marco, Bozem, Heiko, Leaitch, W. Richard, Herber, Andreas, Burkhart, Julia, Willis, Megan D., Kunkel, Daniel, Hoor, Peter M., Abbatt, Jonathan P.D., and Gerdes, Rüdiger

Abstract

The vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) par- ticles in the Arctic atmosphere is one of the key parameters controlling their radiative forcing and thus role in Arctic cli- mate change. This work investigates the presence and prop- erties of these light-absorbing aerosols over the High Cana- dian Arctic ( > 70 degree N). Airborne campaigns were performed as part of the NETCARE project (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) and provided insights into the variability of the vertical distributions of BC particles in summer 2014 and spring 2015. The observation periods covered evolutions of cyclonic disturbances at the polar front, which favoured the transport of air pollution into the High Canadian Arctic, as otherwise this boundary between the air masses largely im- pedes entrainment of pollution from lower latitudes. A total of 48 vertical profiles of refractory BC (rBC) mass concen- tration and particle size, extending from 0.1 to 5.5 km altitude were obtained with a Single-Particle Soot Photometer (SP2). Generally, the rBC mass concentration decreased from spring to summer by a factor of 10. Such depletion was as- sociated with a decrease in the mean rBC particle diameter, from approximately 200 to 130 nm at low altitude. Due to the very low number fraction, rBC particles did not substantially contribute to the total aerosol population in summer. The analysis of profiles with potential temperature as ver- tical coordinate revealed characteristic variability patterns within specific levels of the cold and stably stratified, dome- like, atmosphere over the polar region. The associated his- tory of transport trajectories into each of these levels showed that the variability was induced by changing rates and effi- ciencies of rBC import. Generally, the source areas affecting the polar dome extended southward with increasing potential temperature (i.e. altitude) level in the dome. While the lower dome was mos

Published
2019

49. New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author

Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Alan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy S., Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Gali, Marti, Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D., Department of Chemistry [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Environment and Climate Change Canada, School of Engineering [Guelph], University of Guelph, Department of Chemistry [Vancouver] (UBC Chemistry), University of British Columbia (UBC), Département des sciences de la terre et de l'atmosphère [Montréal] (SCTA), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institute for Atmospheric Physics [Mainz] (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics [Vienna], University of Vienna [Vienna], Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Department of Chemistry [Lewisburg], Bucknell University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (CHEM ENG), Department of Geography and Environmental Management [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Departement de Biologie [Québec], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Victoria] (SEOS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en TELédétection (CARTEL), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Department of Atmospheric Science [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Particle Chemistry Department [Mainz], Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Biology [Québec], Air Quality Processes Research Section, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Institute of Ocean Sciences [Sidney] (IOS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Department of Mathematics [Isfahan], University of Isfahan, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Calgary], University of Calgary, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), and National Research Council of Canada (NRC)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology
Abstract

International audience; Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013 . (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water and the overlying atmosphere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source. (2) Evidence was found of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer in the CAA in the summertime. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from sea bird colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic material (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol–climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow.

Published
2018

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